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London, New York, Melbourne (printed in Great Britain), Published on behalf of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (1943). 8vo. Stapled as issued. Title-page printed in red. Stapels with rust, slightly affecting surrounding paper. A very fine, near mint, copy. 16 pp. The scarce first printing of this hugely important publication, which constitutes one of the very first official reports on Holocaust and one of the most accurate accounts that had been presented to the West, changing their knowledge of what was actually going on. This seminal pamphlet consists of 1) Raczynski's account of the ongoing Holocaust, based among other reports, on the eye-witness-report by Jan Karski, a Polish Government emissary in occupied Poland, who bribed his way into a German concentration camp and witnessed the mass extermination of Jews, 2) the seminal "Joint Declaration" by members of the United Nations, in which "The above-mentioned Govenments and the French National Committee condemn in the strongest possible terms this bestial policy of cold-blooded extermination. They declare that such events can only strengthen the resolve of all free-loving peoples to overthrow the barbarous Hitlerite tyranny. They reaffirm their solems resolution to ensure that those responsible for these crimes shall not escape retribution, and to press on with the necessary practical measures to this end." (p. 12), 3) an extract of Deputy Prime Minister Mikolajczy's statement on behalf of the Polish Government, and 4) the text of Raczynski's broadcast of December 1942, in which pleaded for action, wishing to make the public and the Allied nations "understand how real is the tragedy which is taking place not so very far from the shores of this island, on the continet of Europe - on the soil of Poland. For more than three years the Germans have consistently done everything they could to hide from the eyes of the world the martyrdom of the Polish nation, the like of which has never been known in the history of humanity. But "when we would keep silence the very stones will cry out"." (p. 15).While the details were neither complete nor wholly accurate, the Allies were aware of most of what the Germans had done to the Jews at a relatively early date. The mass murder of the Jews was of such dimensions, however, that, at first, they could not believe the reports that reached them. This quickly changed, though.In February of 1942 Jacob Grojanowski, an escaped prisoner of the Chelmno extermination camp, provided the Oneg Shabbat group with detailed information about what went on at the Chelmno camp. His report became known as the Grojanowski Report. It was smuggled out of the Warsaw Ghetto via the Polish underground and reached London in June of 1942. It is not known exactly what happened to the report at that point, but by February of 1942, the United States Office of War Information had decided not to release information about the extermination of Jews (thinking that there was a risk of the public viewing the war as only being a Jewish problem). Thus, the Grojanowski Report was not released. By at least October of 1942 British radio had broadcast news of the gassing of Jews to the Netherlands, and in December 1942, the Western Allies released their Joint Declaration [which is printed in the present publication], describing and condemning in the strongest manner Hitler's violent attempts at exterminating the Jews of Europe. In 1942 Jan Karski (1914-2000), a Polish World War II resistance movement fighter and later professor at Georgetown University gave his first report to the Polish, British, and U.S. governments on what was going on in the German extermination camps in Poland.Karski reported to the Polish government in exile (i.e. Raczynski, who was the Ambassador and one of its most prominent leaders) and the Western Allies on the situation in German-occupied Poland. Karski personally met with Franklin Roosevelt and British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden to explain what went on in Poland, and Raczynski wrote up the report. Eventually, the American Government confirmed the reports to Jewish leaders in late November 1942, and shortly thereafter they were publicized [i.e. in the present publication]. Karski's report (through Raczynski) became one of the most important reports in the history of the Holocaust, being a major factor in informing the West. It sparked one of the first official publications from the Allies on the mass extermination of Jews in Poland and resulted in the official reports and condemnations from the Allied countries, i.e. the "Joint Declaration" [also published here]."The purpose of this publication is to make public the contents of the Note of December 10th, 1942, addresses by the Polish Government to the Governments of the United Nations concerning the mass extermination of Jews in the Polish territories occupied by Germany, and also other documents treating on the same subject. [...] In the hope that the civilized worlds will draw the appropriate conclusions, the Polish Government desire to bring to the notice of the public, by means of the present White Paper, these renewed German efforts at mass extermination, with the employment of fresh horrifying methods." (From the Introductory Note, p. 3)."Most recent reports present a horrifying picture of the position to which the Jews in Poland have been reduced. The new methods of mass slaughter applied during the last few months confirm the fact that the German autorities aim with systematic deliberation at the total extermination of the Jewsih population of Poland and of the many thousands of Jews whom the German authorities have deported to Poland from Western and Central European countries and from the German Reich itself.The Polish Government consider it their duty to bring to the knowledge of the governments of all civilized countries the following fully authentical information received from Poland during recent weeks, which indicates all too plainly the new methods of extermination adopted by the German authorities." (p. 4).

Paris, Arnould Seneuze, 1687. 4to. Two contemporary uniform full calf bindings with five raised bands to richly gilt spines. All edges of boards gilt. Hinges and capitals worn, with some loss, but still tight. A damp stain to first and last leaves of both volumes (affecting about 17 leaves in all, mostly marginal). Otherwise a nice and clean copy with just the occassional brownspotting. Engraved frontispiece in vol. 1, engraved title-vignettes, large engraved vignette to verso of title-page of vol. 1, engraved portrait in vol. 1, woodcut vignettes and initials. Printed on good paper and with wide margins. (48), 621, (3) pp. + frontispiece and portrait; (4), 197, (3) pp. The very rare first edition of the first French translation of Grotius' groundbreaking magnum opus, "De Jure Belli ac Pacis", the founding work of international law. The profoundly influential masterpiece - written during the Thirty Years' War, in the hope that rational human beings might be able to agree to legal limits on war's destruction - "made him famous throughout Europe... [t]he questions which he put forward have come to be the basis of the ultimate view of land and society. This was the first attempt to lay down a principle of right, and a basis for society and government, outside Church or Scripture... Grotius's principle of an immutable law, which God can no more alter than a mathematical axiom, was the first expression of the "droit naturel", the natural law which exercised the great political theorists of the eighteenth century, and is the foundation of modern international law." (PMM 125). This magnum opus of legal philosophy played a tremendous role in French law and politics and in the entire development of international law in general. "It is on the DIB (De Iure Bellis) that the bulk of Grotius' reputation rests. It consists of an introduction and three books, totaling more than 900 pages in translation. As with DIP, the introduction or "Prolegomena" holds the greatest interest for philosophers, for it is here that Grotius articulates and defends the philosophical foundations of the DIB. While philosophers are naturally attracted to the "Prolegomena," the body of the DIB is also redolent with themes of philosophical interest. Book One defines the concept of war, argues for the legitimacy of war, and identifies who may legitimately wage war. Book Two deals with the causes of war, the origins of property, the transfer of rights and more, while Book Three is dedicated primarily to the rightful conduct of belligerents in war. After the initial publication in 1625, Grotius ushered several more editions to press during his life, each time adding more references without substantially changing the arguments." (SEP).Living in the times of the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Netherlands and the Thirty Years' War between Catholic and Protestant European nations (Catholic France being in the otherwise Protestant camp), Grotius was deeply concerned with matters of conflicts between nations and religions. His magnum opus was a monumental effort to restrain such conflicts on the basis of a broad moral consensus. It was begun in prison and published during his exile in Paris. "In the dedication of his great work, "De Jure Belli ac Pacis", to Louis XIII of France, Grotius addresses the king as "everywhere known by the name Just no less than that of Louis ... Just, when you call back to life laws that are on the verge of burial, and with all your strength set yourself against the trend of an age which is rushing headlong to destruction; ... when you offer no violence to souls that hold views different from your own in matter of religion; ... when by the exercise of your authority you lighten the burden of oppressed peoples."When writing this dedication and the Prolegomena to "De Jure Belli ac Pacis" (originally published in Paris in 1625), Grotius was living in exile. Europe was war-torn and depression and suffering from hunger and cold prevailed in many regions, justifying Grotius' description of international law as such: "in our day, as in former times, there is no lack of men who view this branch of law with contempt as having no reality outside of an empty name." The treaty of peace, embodying many of the universal and permanent principles which Grotius abstracted "from every particular fact" in those dark days of the early part of the Thirty Years' War, was not concluded till 23 years later. The year 1624 was, in the negotiation of the treaty, assumed to be the norm year for restoration of the "Status quo".The more than three centuries since Grotius wrote his magnum opus seem to bear witness to his views upon war peace, in spite of the fact that many a state has not yet realized that the state is "Truly fortunate which has justice for its own boundary line." In 1625 Grotius famously stated: "there is no state so powerful that it may not sometime need the help of others outside itself, either for the purposes of trade, or even ward off the forces of many foreign nations united against it."Grotius's paramount influence upon international law is widely acknowledged worldwide. For instance, since 1999 the American Society of International Law holds an annual series of Grotius Lectures. Because of his theological underpinning of free trade, he is also considered an "economic theologist"."To those desirous of understanding the fundamental principles which have motivated some of the greatest statesmen of modern time and the bases upon which a state which is to remain essentially sound must rest, a reading of Grotius' Prolegomena to the "Law of War and Peace" is commended." (George Grafton Wilson: "Grotius: Law of War and Peace.", p. 1. In: The American Journal of International Law, vol. 35, nr. 2, 1941).

(Colophon:) Hagenau, Thomas Anshelm, 1518. Small folio. Bound in a recent full vellum binding with gilt lines and gilt lettering to spine. Title-page re-hinged, affecting neither printing nor woodcut. First leaves with light dampstaining to lower blank margin, far from affecting text. Last portion of leaves with small single worm-holes, mostly marginal, but touching the woodcut at the end. Neat marginal annotations. All in all a very nice copy. Magnificently printed, with three pages with the terms of the Hebrew cantillation printed in red and black, nine pages of musical scores (printed from right to left), extensive use of distinctive Hebrew type, large title-woodcut, and Anshelm's magnificent, large woodcut Printer's device at the colophon (presumably by Anshelm himself, after Dürer). 83, (5) ff. Scarce first – and only edition – of this groundbreaking work in Jewish musical tradition, being the first work with printed Hebrew music - Reuchlin’s last work of Hebrew grammer, considered a masterpiece of Hebrew typography. Johannes Reuchlin (1455-1522), the important German humanist from the city of Pforzheim, might not be a famous name today, but he played a significant role in his time and was greatly admired by thinkers such as Erasmus, Münster and Melanchthon. He was known as the father of Christian Hebrew studies as well as for his controversial fight against the Dominicans and their attempt to confiscate and burn Jewish books in the early 16th century. Thus, he became a symbol of interreligious tolerance during a period of growing anti-Semitism in Germany. The “De Accentibus” contains a transcription of Hebrew cantillation for four voices. There are 9 pages of musical notes with Hebrew text for Tenor, Discantus, Altus, and Bassus, and the notes are to be read from right to left. Scholars believe the notation was provided by the eminent Christian Hebraist Johann Boschenstein (1472-1540). “In his last work of Hebrew grammar, De Accentibus... (1518), Reuchlin published the first example of notated Ashkenazi Torah cantillation, presenting thirty-four tropes set to four voices. Although this setting is often regarded as a misunderstanding of Jewish monophonic tradition, it gives us an insight to a phenomenon that goes beyond liturgical practice. This musical experiment was meant to serve Hebrew students in their learning of a long lost language among Christians. It combines Jewish and German musical traditions, but also two of Reuchlin's mystical passions: the secrets found in the Hebrew words and letters as proposed in the Kabbalah and the magical effect of harmonies and proportions of Phythagoreanism.” Adams: R:380.

[London, Taylor & Francis], 1913. 8vo. Original printed wrappers. Excellent, very fresh copy, with only a two small marginal tears to front wrapper, no loss. Spine and cords completely fresh and fully intact. Pp. (1) +506-525. Scarce first edition, off-print issue with presentation-inscription, of Bohr's first paper on the Stark-effect, being the seminal paper in which Bohr for the first time applies his theory to electric effect and expresses his widening interest in quantum theory. The work is inscribed to the famous Danish physicist "Hr. Mag. scient. A.W. Marke/ med venlig Hilsen/ fra Forfatteren" ("Mr. Master of Sciences A.W. Marke/ with kind regards/ from the author"). Axel Waldbuhm Marke (1883 - 1942) was professor of Physics in Copenhagen. His scientific works were originally centred around magnetic investigations, for which he was trained by P. Weiss in Zürich, in 1914. Due to WWI, he had to return, however, and during the difficult journey back, he lost all of his records. In 1916 he published an important work on the thermomagnetic qualities of water, and he has written a number of highly praised text books on physics, optics, meteorology, and climatology. He was renowned for his great skills in popularizing difficult scientific results and was famous for his lectures. The Stark-effect (the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to presence of an external static electric field) is named after Johannes Stark, who discovered it in 1913. Although Stark shortly after having discovered it became and ally of Nazi Germany and rejected the developments of modern physics, his discovery became of the utmost importance to the development of quantum theory."Once again we must go back to November 1913. On the 20th of that month Stark announced to the Prussian Academy of Sciences an important new discovery: when atomic hydrogen is exposed to a static electric field its spectral lines split, the amount of splitting being proportional to the field strength. (the linear Stak effect). After Rutherford read this news in "Nature", he at once wrote Bohr: "I think it is rather up to you at the present to write something on... electric effects."We now encounter for the first time the widening interest in quantum theory [...] Even before Bohr sat down to work on the Stark effect, Warburg from Berlin published an article in which the Bohr theory is applied to this new phenomenon. Bohr's own paper [i.e. the present] on the subject appeared in March 1914. The next year he returned to the same topic." (Pais, Niels Bohr's Times, p. 182). Rosenfeld: No. 10.

Kjöbenhavn (Copenhagen), Steens Forlag, 1834. 12mo (15 x 9,5 cm). Lovely contemporary brown half calf with gilt ornamentation to spine. General wear along hinges and edges of boards. But overall a very nice copy. Tight and fine. Book-plate of Kaj Christensen (1960'ies) to inside of front board and and ownership signatures to front free end-paper ("W. Unsgaard" and "N. Neiidendam / 1900") along with blindstamped ovnership stanp of Johan G. Melbye. Later pencil-annotation to inside of front board (stating that only tow copies are said to be preserved on private hands). VI, (2) pp. + 48 engraved and finely handcoloured plates. All the blank leaves inbetween the plates preserved as well. Exceedingly scarce - one of only a handful of copies knwon to exist - first, and only, edition of Bruun’s “Collection of Costumes From the Danish Scene” from 1834, which contains 48 wonderful, engraved and handcoloured plates of costumes from some of the most famous plays and operas performed at the height of the Danish stage, including nine costumes to three of Mozart’s operas: La Nozze di Figaro, Don Giovanni, The Magic Flute, and Seraglio. These 48 magnificent plates showcase the wonderful diversity of the Danish stage at the time, the strong Gothic influence, the great influences of both German and French romanticism, and the influence of the Orient upon costumes of the Danish stage as well (eg. Seraglio, Lulu). In addition to the costumes for the operas by Mozart and for some of the most cherished Scandinavian plays (primarily Holberg), we have costumes for a wonderful array of other plays and operas that showcase the great influx upon Danish performance from many parts of Europe – Austria, Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom. We have for instance Cinderella (Cendrillon), Monteverdi’s The Combat of Tancredi and Clorinda, La Dame Blanche, Beckford’s Azemia, Weber’s Der Freischutz and his Preciosa (which is based upon a novella by Cervantes). The full list of costumes is as follows: 1: Saft - i Sovedrikken. 2 & 3: Salomon Goldkalb & Brant – i Kong Salomon og Jörgen Hattemager. 4-6: Anna, Casper & Samiel - i Jaegerbruden. 7: Pantsatte Bondedreng – i Stykket af samme Navn (i.e. in the play by the same name). 8. Joseph – i Joseph og hans Brödre. 9 & 10: Montefiascone & Cendrillon - i Cendrillon. 11: Wenceslaus - i Herman von Unna. 12: Roux – i Röverborgen. 13: Hans Mortensen - i Aprilsnarrene. 14: Amenaide - i Taneredo. 15: Geert Westphaler - i Stykket af samme Navn (in the play by the same name). 16: Geske - i Den politiske Kandestöber. 17: Barthel - i Viinhösten. 18: Azemia - i Stykket af samme Navn (in the play by the same name). 19: Don Juan - i Stykket af samme Navn (in the play by the same name). 20 & 21: Jane & v. Thyboe - i Jacob v. Tyboe. 22 & 23: Preciosa & Pedro - i Preciosa. 24: Ariel - i Alfen som Page. 25 & 26: Valborg & Erland - i Axel og Valborg. 27 & 28: Hvide Dame & Georg Brovn – i Den hvide Dame. 29 & 30: Syvald & Rödhætten - i Deodata. 31-33: Almaviva, Bazile & Figaro - i Figaros Giftermaal. 34. Trampel - i Fugleskydningen. 35 & 36: Constance & Blonde - i Bortförelsen af Serailet. 37-39: Dilfeng, Barka & Lulu - i Lulu. 40 & 41: Mad. Voltisubito & Ledermann - i Recensenten og Dyret. 42: Zoe - i Væringerne i Miklagard. 43-45: Papageno, Monostatos & Papagena - i Trylleflöjten. 46 – 47: Mad. la Fleche & Arv - i Jean de France. 48: Jeppe - i Jeppe paa Bjerget. Many of the costumes with depiction of the actors and actresses are important in themselves and not only in a broader perspective - setting the tone for how to depict the characters in some of the most famous plays and operas for decades to come. An example of an individually highly significant illustration in the present work is the drawing of Christine Zrza in Constanze’s costume in Seraglio, wearing a so-called “Turkish” costume as a woman of the harem of Selim Pasha’s palace. Zrza herself was a significant figure in the foundation of Mozart’s operas on the Danish scene, playing also the first Countess Almavira in Figaro’s Marriage, the first Sextus in Titus, and the first Queen of the Night in The Magic Flute. The work is of immense scarcity, with only very few copies known to exist. Apart from the copy in the Royal Library in Copenhagen, OCLC list merely one copy, at Harvard. This copy only collates as having merely 1f. in addition to the 48 plates, where as our copy has all the four leaves in front consisting in title-page, contents-leaves and half-title. We have been able to locate one copy sold at auction, that having merely 43 plates. It is said that merely two copies are knbown on private hands. The great book collector Oscar Davidsen had a copy in his collection (nr. 5 in his auction catalogue (1940), where it is said of it that "this collection is of great scarcity). Krohn:1482.

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925-26. Bound in 4 nearly uniform contemp. hcloth. Edges a little rubbed. Stamp on title-pages. In "Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel", Vols 33,34,35 and 36. VII,950;VII,953;VIII,954;VII,951 pp. The offered papers: pp. 879-893 (vol.33), pp. 858-888 (vol.34), pp.557-615 (vol.35) and pp.336-363 (vol. 36). Internally fine and clean. First printings of these four absolutely fundamental papers, which together MARK THE TURNING POINT IN THE FABRICATION OF A NEW PHYSICS, Quantum Mechanics, also called "Matrix Mechanics"."In May 1925, Heisenberg took on a new and difficult problem, the calculation of the line intensities of the hydrogen spectrum. Just as he had done with Kramers and Bohr, Heisenberg began with a Fourier analysis of the electron orbits. When the hydrogen orbit proved too difficult, he turned to the anharmonic oscillator. With a new multiplication rule relating the amplitudes and frequencies of the Fourier components to observed quantities, Heisenberg succeeded in quantizing the equations of motion for this system in close analogy with the classical equations of motion.....in June Heisenberg returned to Göttingen, where he drafted his fundamental paper [the first paper offered], which he completed in July. In this paper Heisenberg proclaimed that the quantum mechanics of atoms should contain only relations between experimentally observable quantities. The resulting formalism served as the starting point for the new quantum mechanics, based, as Heisenberg's multiplication rule implied, on the manipulation of ordered sets of data forming a mathematical matrix....Born and his assistant, Pascual Jordan, quickly developed the mathematical content of Heisenberg's work into a consistent theory with the help of abstract matrix algebra [the second paper offered].Their work, in collaboration with Heisenberg, culminated in their "three-man paper" ["Dreimännerarbeit" - the third paper offered] that served as the foundation of matrix mechanics. Confident of the correctness of the new theory, Heisenberg, Pauli, Born, Dirac, and others began applying the difficult mathematical formalism to the solution of lingering problems." (DSB).In the last paper offered, the Pauli-paper, he shows that the hydrogen spectrum can be derived from the new theory. His starting-point constitutes, due to Lez, a method for integrating the classical equations of motion of a particle in a Coulomb field. Pauli's paper was received on January 17, 1926, but the main result must have been obtained before November 3, 1925, for on that date, Heisenberg writes Pauli: "..Ich brauche Ihnen wohl nicht zu schreiben, wie sehr ich mich über die neue Theorie des Wasserstoffs freue..." Pauli's paper convinced most physicists that Quantum Mechanics is correct. (Van der Waerden).

Kiøbenhaffn, (Andreas Gutterwitz og Hans Stockelmann), 1576. Folio. (27 x 19 cm.). Senere velbevaret hellæderbind i flammet kalv fra omkring 1850. Ryg med svagt ophøjede ægte bind, smalle forgyldte borter langs bindene. Forgyldt rygtitel: HUUSPOSTIL. Eksemplaret er næsten komplet, idet der kun mangler titelbladet til 1. del og det sidste blanke blad. Del.1: 13 (af 14) unummererede blade + 214 nummererede blade. Del 2: 234 nummererede + 13 unummererede. Med talrige monumentale halvsides træsnit i teksten illustrerende Jesu levnedsløb, hvis kunstner indtil for nylig var uidentificeret. (Se noten neden for). Nogle fejlpagineringer i begge Dele. 2 signaturer (læg) ombyttede (i 1. Del og i registeret). Trykt på svært papir og med lettere brugsspor, mest blandt de første blade i 1. Del. Ca. 20 blade omkantede, ca. 15 blade kantforstærkede i højre margin, 3 blade reparerede med teksttab. Enkelte blade reparerede i kanter med tab af bogstaver i marginalierne. Kolofonbladet repareret i alle kanter, men uden tab af tekst. Enkelte blade med svage skjolder og brunpletter. Et læg i registeret løsnet. Alt i alt et usædvanligt velbevaret eksemplar af dette monumentalværk i dansk teologisk litteratur. Folio. (27 x 19 cm.). Later well preserved full mottled calf binding from ca 1850. Slightly raised real bands to spine, slim gilt borders along the bands. Gilt title to spine. The copy is nearly complete, as its is only lacking the title-page for part 1 and the final blank. Part 1: 13 (of 14) unnumbered leaves + 214 numbered laeves. Part II: 234 numbered leaves + 13 unnumbered leaves. Some paginational errors in both parts. Two quires have been swapped (in part 1 and the index). With numerous half-page woodcuts in the text depicting the life of Jesus. Until recently, the artist had remained unidentified (please see note below for clarification). Printed on thick, heavy paper. Signs of use, mostly to the first leaves of part 1. Ca 20 leaves re-margined, and ca 15 leaves re-inforced at outer margin. Three leaves repaired with loss of text. A few leaves restores at edges with marginal loss of lettering. All edges of colophon repaired, but no loss of text. A few leaves with light damp staining and brownspotting. One quire of the index loose. All in all an unusually well preserved copy of this extremely rare monument of Danish theology. Den uhyre sjældne første danske udgave af Hemmingsens Postil, ja faktisk findes kun 2 komplette eksemplarer på private hænder, nemlig det som var ejet af Tore Virgin indtil 1947 og et eksemplar som for nogle år siden dukkede op i Frankrig, og som nu er i en dansk privatsamling. Lauritz Nielsen anfører, at der alene er registreret 4 komplette eksemplarer i offentlige biblioteker (KB, Linköping, Stifts-og Landsbibliotek, Karen Brahe, Odense og Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbüttel). Universitetsbibliotekets eksemplar er defekt, ligesom KB ejer 3 defekte eksemplarer ud over det komplette, som alle 3 er med mange mangler.Postillen udkom først på Latin i 1561 og blev fortsat med ialt 16 Latinske udgaver - alle i 8vo-, og om alle kan man vist sige, at de er af største sjældenhed. Carl S. Petersen kalder Niels Hemmingsen "den største teologiske Videnskabsmand, der har levet i vor Fædreland", og som elev af Melancton må han nok betegnes som den mest betydelige tænker i Reformationstidens Danmark og Norge. Hans Postil er ikke egentlige prædikener, "men dispositioner til saadanne, udarbejdede med det formål at tvinge præsten til alvorlig gennemtænkning af den hellige Text". Samtiden tildelte ham navnet "Danmarks almindelige Lærer". AN ILLUSTRATIONERNE: En dansk bogsamler og ekspert på danske 1500-tals tryk (Jørgen Jark) har bidraget til opklaringen af de monumentale illustrationers ophav. Han anfører, at signaturen CE (i Thesaurus og Birkelund fejllæst som CF) - ifølge Nagler "Die Monogramisten" - sandsynligvis står for kunstneren, mester Endele. Han var af Wittenbergskolen, og denne serie af billeder var tidligere anvendt i en tysk udgave af Luthers Postil. Et par af billederne er mærket med årstallene 1561 og 1562. Efter lånet til Danmark må de være returneret, da de ikke optræder senere i noget andet dansk tryk. Træskæreren har markeret sig med en træskærerkniv og et 4tals-agtigt tegn, der er et i tiden og tidligere ofte anvendt laugsmærke. Et par af billederne tilhører en helt anden serie, f.eks. Del I, blad 71b. De tilskrives Hans Brosamer og hele denne serie blev brugt af Matz Vingaard i hans Lutherpostil 1577.Lauritz Nielsen: 886. - Thesaurus I, 100. - Bibl. Danica I:499. - Birkelund, 31. The exceedingly scarce first edition of the first Danish edition of Hemmingsen’s Postil. Only two complete copies are known on private hands, one that was owned by Thore Virgin up until 1947, and another copy that appeared in France some years back and which is now in a Danish private collection. According to Lauritz Nielsen, merely four complete copies are registered in libraries world-wide (Royal Library in Danmerk, Linköping’s Stifts- og Landbibliotek, Karen Brahe in Odense, and Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel). The copy in the University Library in Denmark is defective, as are the three other copies that The Royal Library owns, all very incomplete. Hemmingsen’s Postille first appeared in Latin in 1561, followed by another 15 Latin editions, all in 8vo. All 16 editions are considered exceedingly rare. Carl S. Petersen calls Niels Hammingsen ”the greatest theological scientist that has ever lived in our country” (i.e. Denmark). As a pupil of Melanchthon, he is rightfully considered the most significant thinker during the Danish/Norwegian Reformation. His Postil does not cosntitute actual sermons, but ”dispositions for such, prepared with the goal of forcing the priest into serious contemplation of the holy Text.” (Own translation from Danish). By his contemporaries, Hemmingsen was known as “The common teacher of Denmark”. THE ILLUSTRATIONS: A Danish bibliophile and expert on 16th century printings (Jørgen Jark) has contributed to solve the question of the origin of the monumental illustrations. He states that according to Nagler in “Die Monogramisten”, the signature CE (in Thesaurus and Birkelund erroneously read as CF) most likely refers to the artist Master Endele. Endele was part of the Wittenberg School, and this series of illustrations had previously been used in a German edition of Luther’s Postil. A few of the illustrations bear the years 1561 and 1562. After having been lent to Denmark, they must have been returned, as they appear in no other Danish printing. The woodcutter has marked himself with a woodcutter’s knife and a sign resembling “4”, which was a commonly used guild mark of the period. A few of the illustrations belong to a completely different series, e.g. Part 1, f. 71b. They are attributed to Hans Brosamer; his enire series was used by Mats Vingaard in his Luther’s Postil from 1577. Lauritz Nielsen: 886. - Thesaurus I, 100. - Bibl. Danica I:499. - Birkelund, 31.

Stockholm, Ignatium Meurer, 1620. - Stockholm, Christoffer Reusner, 1622. Folio. Indbundet i et samtidigt hellæderbind over træ med 5 ægte bind på ryggen. Begge permer med rigt blindtrykte rammer. Rester af beslag til lukkestroppe. Ryg med nogle krakeleringer ved forreste fals. Hjørner let stødte. Ganske få marginalrifter. Nogle læg i slutningen af Tegel's værk brunede. Få spredte brunpletter.Titelbladet i rød/sort med rigsvåbnet i træsnit. (8),XVI,663 (664 blankt),(26) pp. Kolophon: "Tryckt i Stockholm, hoos Ignatium Meurer Anno M. DC. XX. - Tegel: Begge titelblade trykt i rød/sort. (14),324,(14);(6),416,(8) pp. Kolophon: "Tryckt i Stockholm hoos Chr. Reusnerum, medh Authoris eghet förlagh och bekostningh. Anno M.D. CXXII. Johannes Magnus' værk er den sjældne første svenske udgave af hans berømte værk "Historia de omnibus Gothorum Sveonumque regibus" 1554. Værket var inspirationskilden til Sveriges stormaktsideologi i 1600-tallet.- Colljin: 558.Tegels værk er originaludgaven. "Tegel sammanskref denna Historia på Kong Carl XII:s Befalning, til Vederläggning på Arild Huitfelds Danska Chrönika om Kon. Christian III i Danmark; men beskylles före, at hafva i det stället snarare, ånda til Danskan Ordasätten följt, och afskrifvit densamma. At Tegel på mangå ställen ord ifrån ord afskrifvit Biskop Peder Swarts Krönika, er redan här ofvanföre...anmärkt."( Warmholtz Nr. 3041). - Colljin: 913-14.

Paris, Chez l'Auteur - Saint-Petersburg, Issakoff, 1844-48. Small folio. (35 x 27 cm.). In a worn contemp. hcalf. Spine cracked and broken. Boards detached. All parts stitched, a few loose. All parts uncut and unopened. All parts clean and fine. Each part separately paginated and with own title-page. Text to each part (from 8-12 pp.). Each part having a large folded engraved general map and from 11 to 27 engraved folio-maps. In all 292 textpages and 441 engraved maps. The parts (volumes) comprises: 1. Turquie. 2. Afrique. 3. Grèce et Iles Ioniennes. 4. Portugal. 5. Mer des Indes (1ere Division). 6. Autriche (Mer Adriatique). 7. Espagne (Cotes N., Mer de Biscaye). 8. Espagne (Mer Méditerranée). 9. Sardaigne. 10. Brésil. 11. Amérique Équatoriale, Colonies européennes (1re Section). 12. Amérique Équatoriale et Continentale. 13. Prusse. 14. Russie (Mer Blanche). 15. Russie (Mer Baltique). 16. Russie (Mer Noire). 17. Norvège. 18. Suéde. 19. Deux Siciles (1re Section). 20. Deux Siciles (2e Section). 21. Danemarck. 22. Hanovre. 23. Pays-Bas.

Bern, Abraham Weerli, (1618) - 1619. 4to. Contemporary full calf binding with brass clasps. Five raised bands and single gilt line-ornamentation to back. Single gilt line-borders to boards. Professional, very neat restorations to back. Some browning and a, mostly marginal, damp-stain to first leaves, but overall a very nice and attractive copy. Many diagrams and computations in the text. Title-page in red and black, with woodcut ornamental border. Woodcut title-pages to second, third, and fourth parts (all part of the collation, all dated 1618). 1/3 page woodcut at end. (56), 704, (16) pp. + two folded diagrams. Extremely scarce first edition of this comprehensive mathematical work, which was important in the spreading of the understanding of mathematical concepts. Johnn Rudolph von Graffenried, an encestor of Niklaus von Graffenried, was born in 1584. His great passion was the understanding of mathematical concepts, and in 1618-19 he published his main work "Arithmeticae Logisticae", in which he deals with the mathematical theories and theorems of Cardanus, Christoph Rudolf, Glarean, Schoner, Stiffel, Ramus, etc. The first part of the work deals with calculating with cardinal and broken numbers, the second with proportion, progression, etc., the third with calculation of interest, society, demography etc., and the fourth with decimal fractions.The general state of mathematics and the teaching of mathematics in Switzerland in the early 17th century was in a bad state, and Graffenried came to play a dominant role in the spreading and teaching of arithmetic in Switzerland, mainly through the present work.

Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1934. Original full red cloth with gilt line-borders to boards, original dust-jacket, somewhat worn, with a red label over the price and chips and nicks to extremities. Minor loss to corners of dust-jacket, and a large loss of upper part of spine of dust-jacket (ca. 6 x 2 cm), thus lacking the title to spine of dust-jacket, and leaving the cloth of the same part of the spine sunned and the gilding of the title on spine almost faded off. Some soiling to dust-jacket. Internally nice and clean. X, (2), 204 pp. An excellent presentation copy of this scarce first edition of the great logician's first book, which is the published version of his doctoral thesis, hailed by Whitehead as a landmark in the history of symbolic logic.Inscribed by Quine "To F. Gomes Cassidy, historian of/ languages, from Van Quine, manu-/ facturer of one. Mathematical/ truth is linguistic convention,/ and logic is the [four Chinese characters]".Frederic Gomez Cassidy (1907-2000) was a great capacity within wold language scholarship and a close friend of Quine, whom he had known since school and been to Oberlin College with. He was a talented linguist specialized in Early English, Creoles, Lexicography, and American language, who is now primarily famous for his lately begun monumental project, the "Dictionary of American Regional English" (known as DARE). Cassisy was born in Jamaica to a Canadian father and a Jamaican mother and grew up hearing their varieties of standard British English as well as the Cleole variety of the Black majority. When Cassidy was eleven years old, the whole family moved to Ohio. "Here the young Jamaican was introduced to yet another variety of English and was dismayed to learn that it was he who sounded "funny." But that distinction was to have a significant benefit. It piqued the curiosity of a classmate who sought to know and befriend the boy who looked, acted, and sounded so different. That classmate was Willard Van Orman ("Van") Quine, later to become one of America's most distinguished philosophers. The friendship he and Fred began as boys was to last their lifetimes, nourished by shared experiences at Oberlin College, regular correspondence through the decades, and frequent summer hiking trips." (Memorial Resolution of the Faculty of the University of Wisconsin-Madison on the Death of Professor Emeritus Frederic Gomes Cassidy). The time at Oberlin College was of specific joy to him, and it was here he came to explore his interest in languages, philosophy, and science. He obtained his BA in 1930 and his MA, also at Oberlin, in 1932, and in 1938 he was given his PhD from the University of Michigan. Quine graduated from Oberlin College in 1930. He then won a scholarship to study for his doctorate at Harvard University, where he wrote the important thesis that was to constitute his first book. Quine's supervisor at Harvard was Alfred North Whitehead, who has also written the Foreword to his first book and who introduced him to Bertrand Russell, who visited Harvard during this time. From then on, Quine kept an ongoing correspondence with Russell. Quine finished his doctorate in two years and was awarded his Ph.D. in philosophy from Harvard in 1932. After that he received a travelling fellowship, which he used to travel to Vienna, where he got acquainted with the members of the Vienna Circle. During his travels he also met Gödel and Ayer. In Warsaw he spent six weeks with Tarski, and in Prague he studied under Carnap, who greatly inspired him. After his year of travelling, he returned to Harvard, where he published the present version of his doctoral dissertation, his first book."In this book Dr. Quine has effected an extension of the scope of Symbolic Logic. The advance is more than an improvement in symbols. It extends to fundamental notions. He has introduced a generality adequate to the complexity of the subject matter; and the symbolism embodies the generality of its meaning. I have no hesitation in stating by belief that Dr. Quine's book constitutes a landmark in the history of the subject." So Whitehead writes in his Foreword (p. (IX) ). The logic that Quine takes into consideration is that of Russel and Whitehead's "Principia Mathematica", and when Whitehead towards the end of the Foreword states that "Dr. Quine does not touch upon the relationship of Logic to Metahysics. He keeps strictly within the boundaries of his subject. But - if in conclusion I may venture beyond these limits - the reformation of Logic has an essential reference to Metaphysics. For Logic prescribes the shapes of metaphysical thought" (p. X), the metaphysics he is talking about is nominalism. For Russell and Whitehead, Quine's work represented an unusual illustration of their own logic.The work was also under much influence of the Polish logicians, and as Whitehead concludes in his Foreword, "it is interesting to note the influence of of the work of Professor H. M. Scheffer, and of the great school of Polish mathematicians. There is continuity in the progress of ordered knowledge." (P. X).

London, A. and J. Churchil, 1701. Folio. Contemp. full calf, 5 raised bands, Blindtooled covers, Cambridge-binding style. Rebacked, preserving most of original spine. Front free endpapers renewed. Engraved frontispiece (M. Vander Gucht Sculp.). Printed title in red a. black. (6),4,(28),26,444 - (2),230,(28) pp. One folio (signature N) outside pagenumbering: "The World in Planisphere". Some textengravings, some wood-engravings in the text. With all 43 engraved maps interspersed in the text. A bit of corner of one leaf (pp.313-14) gone affecting a small part of the frame on the last map (Chili, Magellans-Land). Printed on good paper, a few scattered brownspots, mainly in first part. Some browning to two leaves in the first index (signature e,1-2). First edition. The work is, in effect, an enlarged edition of the "Thesaurus geographicus" (1695) omitting all except one of the small town plans but with additional maps marked as "New""(Shirley T.MOLL-1b, where the worldmap is missing).In 1701 he published A System of Geography, the first of his own publishing. Although it contained no fundamental changes in the presentation of his previous work, it helped him to assert himself as a freelance cartographer. Over the years, the work itself as well as individual maps were of influence on other publishers, as they were frequently copied and re-issued.

Heidelberg, 1817. 8vo. COMPLETELY UNCUT in contemporary (original interim?) marbled paper-binding with handwritten paper title-label to spine. Boards rubbed and corners a bit worn. Internally unusually clean. Last ten leaves with a small marginal worm-tract, not affecting lettering. Extensive contemporary hand-written scholarly notes (seemingly in three different hands) to all end-papers, in all 6 closely-written pages, in French and German. Contemporary owner's name to title-page (Th. Daulli [?]). A fabulous copy, with very varying sizes of pages. XVI, 288 pp. The rare first edition, extremely scarce in original uncut condition, of Hegel's immensely important work, the "Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences", by himself and his contemporaries considered his main work, and likewise an absolute main work of philosophy in general. Hegel is considered one of the four greatest philosophers of all times, and his contributions to philosophy are incomparable to other than perhaps those of Aristotle, Plato and Kant. In 1816 Hegel chose the professorship of philosophy at the University of Heidelberg, and here he taught his courses with great enthusiasm. He lectured no less than 16 hours a week, mostly over his own system, which is the object of this (chronologically speaking) third main work, generally just called the "Encyclopaedia".Hegel himself considered his "Encyclopedia" to be the most important of his works, and his contemporaries likewise judged it his actual main work. Hegel was considered the epitome of the great systematic thinker of the 19th century, and his "Encyclopaedia" forms the epitome of his work, at the same time as it, to his own mind, constitutes his greatest achievement. Hegel's main aim was to systematically comprise all spiritual and natural knowledge, and thus his philosophy peaks with his all-comprising Encyclopaedia, which remained of the greatest importance to himself throughout his life-time. He kept working on the book, and no less than three different altered editions appeared within his lifetime, the last in 1830, the year before he died, confirming his lasting devotion to this work.

Kiøbenhavn, Godiche, 1763 - 81. 4to. Indbundet i 8 (tome V i 2) samtidige helldrbd. Rig rygforgyldning og forgyldte skindtitler. Rygge på de 4 første bind med lette brugsspor. Marmorerede snit. Stempel på titelblade. Slesvigbindet på skrivepapir. Med 295 kobberstukne prospekter, planer, grundtegninger, foldekort m.v. Nogle af foldekortene fint forstærkede på bagsiden. rent eksemplar, kun enkelte spredte brunpletter. Nogle eksemplarer er forsynet med Pontoppidans Danmarkskort. Dette er ikke her og det er heller ikke nævnt i oversigterne. Originaludgaven af Danmarks topografiske hovedværk.

Paris, chez Gabriel Martin, 1735. 4to (262 x 210 mm). Uniformly bound in seven nice contemporary full calf bindings with five raised bands and richly gilt spines. Light wear to extremities. Vol. 4 with lower compartment of spine missing part of the leather. Internally with light occassional marginal miscolouring. Vol. 5 with damp stain affecting lower outer corner of first 14 leaves. An overall fine complete set with all half titles and 433 plates (1-429, plus 105*, 177*, 329* and 2 additional plates numbered 341, but 197-8 on one sheet). Vol 1: VIII, (4), 215 pp + 67 folded plates. Vol 2: (4), V, (3), 192 pp + 73 folded plates (numbered 68 to 139)Vol 3: (4), V, (3), 205 pp. + 75 folded plates (numbered 140 to 214)Vol 4: (4), V, (3), 239 pp. + 81 folded plates (numbered 215 to 295). Vol 5: (4), V, (3), 173 pp. + 66 folded plates (numbered 296 to 360). Vol 6: (4), V, (3), 196, (35) pp. + 69 folded plates (numbered 361 to 429) First edition of this important and extensive work containing both descriptions and engravings of all the inventions approved from the beginning of the French “l'Academie Royale des Sciences” in 1666. “Thus, it documents the increasing interest in technology during this period in France. The devices are simply described in chronolopgical order. They cover all the areas then known in arts, sciences, engineering and manufacturing” (Erwin Tomash). It constitute one of the most important historical sources for the study of the manufactures of the late 17th and early 18th century. The inventors included Godin and Outhier - who were involved in the expedition to measure the arc of the meridian with their instruments -, Dortous de Mairan, Cassini, Clairaut le père, l'abbé Nollet, Huygens, Perrault, Gauger, Le Maire, De La Hire, Morland,and in particular the arithmetic machines of Pascal (vol.4, plates 262-263), Lépine (vol.4, plates 259-261), and Hillerin de Boistissandeau (vol.5, plates 341-343). Gallon (1706-75), a French engineer, was commissioned by the Academy to edit the descriptions made of the machinery that they approved. The Academy added another volume forty-two years later (1777), after Gallon's death. Brunet I, 27 Graesse Vol. 1, p. 10. Tomash & Williams G22

London, William Clowes and Sons, 1876. Small 8vo. Original full red cloth. Title and author stamped in gold on upper wrapper. A small paperlabel at top of spine. A small stamp on top of title-page. Faint discoloration to lower part of upper wrapper. Frontispiece. 59 pp., textillustrations. Faint scattered brownspots, mainly to the first leaves. With dedication from the author on front free endpaper "H.P./ General Baron von Bülow/ with the authors compliments." Bülow is probably the Danish Genreral-Major Otto Chr. Severin August von Bülow (1812-95) or it could be General-Lieutnant Carl Ernst Johan Bülow (1814-1890) who was a member of the Danish legation to the English Court from 1865 to 1880. A note on the front free endpaper states, that the book in 1885 was handed over to the School of Gymnastics by General Fog. On foot of the same leaf some discoloration left over from a paperlabel. First edition. - Extremely scarce. Penzer p.93: 'very rare'.

(On colophon-leaf:) Haguenau, in aedibus Thomae Badensis, 1521). Small folio. Beautiful full calf binding over wooden boards. Recently rebacked. Beautiful blindstamped ornamental borders to boards and remains of clasps, ties missing. A few smaller wormhols to boards, and two drilled holes of ab. the same size to lower part of front board (for a chain?). Ornamented incunable-leaves with red and blue initials used as pasted-down end-papers. Front free end-paper soiled, with neat 19th century inscription (stating editions of the work), and with a beautiful large, engraved armorial book-plate (Collection of Bryan Hall). First leaf with a larger damp-spot to lower part (not affecting any text). Otherwise a very nice copy with only some minor light marginal soiling, a small dampstain to lower inner corner of last ab. 8 leaves, far from affecting text, and a bit of light spotting to a few leaves towards the end. Beautiful large woodcut printer's device to last leaf. (1) f., 776 columns (i.e. 388 pp/ 194 ff.), (1 - colophon) f. The rare 3rd edition of Hesychios' extremely important Greek dictionary, one of the most important works of philology and linguistics ever printed, this edition constituting the first Greek work to be printed in the famous Renaissance printing-city of Hagenau/Haguenau (in Alsace).The first edition of the work was printed by Aldus in Venice in 1514, and in 1520 a re-impression appeared. The present third edition, edited by Marcus Musurus and printed after the edition of 1514 of Aldus Manutius, constitutes the second re-impression of the work, but it is the first to be printed in Hagenau and the first by the notable printer Thomas Anshelm, who had settled in Haguenau in 1516, being the first to seriously rival Henry Gran here. Anshelm is regarded as one of the most important printers of what we now call the Humanist period of the Renaissance. All three editions are rare and important.Hesychios of Alexandria was a highly important grammarian and lexicographer, whose only surviving work is the present lexicon of unusual and obscure Greek words, the richest of its kind ever. It is assumed that the work was executed by Hesychios during the 5th century. The work is extraordinary in that it constitutes a huge and unique listing of peculiar Greek words and phrases, with explanations and often references to the originator or place of origin. As such, the work is of the greatest value to the both the student of Greek dialects as well as for the ongoing work of restoring the texts of classical authors, for which the present lexicon it still an indispensible tool. But Hesychios' work is not only of the utmost importance to Greek philology, it is also a main work in the study of lost languages and obscure non-Greek dialects (e.g. Thracian and ancient Macedonian). Furthermore, the work was instrumental in the reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European, one of the most, if not THE most, important philological tasks ever. Only in the late 18th century did Jones determine the connection between the Indo-European languages, thereby founding comparative philology. Only a very corrupt manuscript, from the 15th century, of the work survives, and it is this manuscript that Marcus Musurus used as the basis for the first printing of the work by Aldus in 1514. As stated, two re-impressions (with modest corrections) appeared of this Aldus-edition (ours being the second), and since then no complete comparative edition of the manuscript has been published, bestowing on these three scarce early editions a huge importance. A modern edition of the seminal work has, however, been in intermittent publication since 1953. The editor of the last wolume states the following about Hesychios' Lexicon: "Hesychius of Alexandria lived in the fifth century A.D. and compiled a dictionary of unusual or difficult Greek words with explanations in Greek. Approximately 51,000 entries make it the richest surviving Greek lexicon compiled until the invention of printing. It is of great importance to Ancient Greek studies because it contains countless words and expressions from poetry, administration, medicine, and so on, that are otherwise unknown or insufficiently explained. In particular, numerous words from the Greek dialects are important, not only for Greek but also for Indo-European philology.The Lexicon suffered substantial alterations, including abridgements and additions on its way from the author to the only surviving manuscript (fifteenth century). The production of an edition that gives all important information about the manuscript and the work of earlier scholars, as well as meeting modern requirements for the noting of parallels in other lexicographical works, is a slow and difficult task. Marcus Musurus published the first edition in 1514 (reprinted in 1520 and 1521 with modest revisions). There have since been many plans for an edition, but only four were started. Of the four editors, only one, M. Schmidt, lived long enough to finish the work himself. His edition (1858-68) is now completely out of date.A new edition was one of the most urgent requirements in Greek studies already when the German scholar KURT LATTE began preliminary work in the 1920s for the Danish Academy's Commission for Corpus Lexicographorum Graecorum. The project was severely hampered by the events of 1933-45. Volumes 1-2 were published in 1953 and (posthumously) 1966." (Peter Allan Hansen, Editor of the final part of the great ongoing project of the new printing of the Hesychius-Lexicon)"Hesychius , (flourished 5th century ad), author of the most important Greek lexicon known from antiquity, valued as a basic authority for the dialects and vocabularies of ancient inscriptions, poetic text, and the Greek Church Fathers." (British Encycl.).Though not of particular fame or importance today, the small city of Haguenau played a dominating role in the late 15th and the first half of the 16th century, then being one of the most important centres of printing. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries a remarkably large number of books were issued from presses in this small town, located close to Strasbourg. Thomas Anshelm (fl. 1488-1522) is considered perhaps the most eminent of the early Hagenau printers. He established himself as a printer in Basle in 1485 but subsequently worked as a printer in Strasbourg (1488), Pforzheim (1500-1511), Tübingen (1511-1516), and finally Hagenau (1516-1522), having by then developed his printing technique to perfection.Graesse III:266

London, Taylor and Francis, 1844. 8vo. In a nice later half morocco binding with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Blind stamped to upper outer corner of first leaf of table of contents. In "The Annals and Magazine of Natural History", volume 13. A very fine and clean copy. [Darwin's paper] pp. (1)-6 + 1 plate. [Entire volume:] viii, [1] - 528 + 14 plates (4 hand-coloured). First edition of Darwin's paper on marine arrow worms collected by him on his voyage on the Beagle. It is one of Darwin's early papers on invertebrates, which was originally intended for publication in The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle. Described by Darwin as "one of the most anomalous animals in the world," the origin of these strange carnivorous animals, which Darwin found highly interesting, is still unresolved. These early works are rarely seen on the market. The plate, drawn by Darwin, is based on his drawings made during the Beagle Voyage.Darwin arrived back in England from his voyage around the world on the Beagle in October 1836. He immediately set about writing up the results of the expedition-first, his general account, the Journal of the Beagle, and then, publishing the scientific observations and collections he had made while on the Beagle. The majority of these were published in the Zoology-including parts on mammals, fish, birds, and reptiles but Darwin ran out of funds beforehe could bring out the volume on invertebrates:"Darwin undertook to provide a comprehensive programme for the publication of the zoological results of the Beagle voyage - he obtained a Treasury grant to pay for the necessary engravings, and, having enlisted the leading taxonomical specialists in the several fields, he superintended the publication of the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle from February 1838 to October 1843 - The work comprises five parts: Fossil Mammalia, by Richard Owen; Mammalia, by G. R. Waterhouse; Birds, by John Gould; Fish, by Leonard Jenyns; and Reptiles, by Thomas Bell-a total of nineteen quarto issues. Darwin contributed a substantial portion of the text, drawing uponhis field notes for geological and geographical data and for the descriptions of the habits and habitats of the species - Darwin had originally planned to include descriptions of invertebrates in the Zoology but the exhaustion ofthe government grant forced him to abandon the idea. Instead he decided to publish his own observations and descriptions of the specimens that he considered to be important new discoveries, and did so in articles on Sagitta finished during the autumn of 1843, and Planariae, described in 1844" (Burkhardt 1986 p. xv.).PROVENANCE: From the collection William Pickett Harris, Jr. (1897 - 1972) (pencil note on p. iii). American investment banker and biologist. Following a career in banking, Harris was appointed Associate Curator of the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan in 1928. "[Harris] played a highly important role in developing mammalogy and systematic collections of mammals at the University of Michigan" (Hooper p. 923).Freeman 1664.

Köln, Ioannis Gymnici, Antonius Boetzer, 1624 a. 1621-1640. Folio. (40 x 26 cm.). Bound in 8 (thick) uniform contemporary full pigskin bindings over wooden boards. Raised bands and richly blind-tooled boards. Title labels with gilt lettering. Clasps missing. Spines a bit rubbed. Wear to some spine-ends. Some upper compartments with nicks, one volume having a tear in leather at upper compartment. One volume with a small loss of leather to upper compartement. With engraved title-page, engraved portrait of Baronius, engraved portrait of pope Urban VII. More than 10.000 pp. Printed in double-columns. In general internally fine. Baronius's monumental work (with its continuation by Bzovius up to the year 1565) hailed by Roman Catholic writers as the greatest history of the church ever written and Baronius hailed as the "father of ecclestical history" (1-12 dealt with Anno 1-1198 and volume13 -20, Anno 1198-1565)."The Annales were first published between 1588 and 1607. This work functioned as an official response to the Lutheran Historia Ecclesiae Christi (History of the Church of Christ). In that work, the Magdeburg theologians surveyed the history of the Christian church in order to demonstrate how the Catholic Church represented the Antichrist and had deviated from the beliefs and practices of the early church. In turn, the Annales fully supported the claims of the papacy to lead the unique true church."Before Baronius was appointed Librarian of the Vatican in 1597, he had access to material and sources in its archives that were previously unpublished or unused. He used these in the development of his work. Accordingly, the documentation in Annales Ecclesiastici is considered by most as extremely useful and complete. Lord Acton called it "the greatest history of the Church ever written"."Graesse I, 296. - Brunet I, 662-631.

Altona, J.F. Hammerich, 1807. 8vo. Bound in the two orig. blue cardboardbindings. The backs have been professionally restored, preserving the orig. printed paper title-labels and cont. paper library-labels at lower backs. Occasional brownspotting due to the paper-quality, but all in all a very nice and attractive copy. XVI, (4), 368; VIII, 358, (1) pp. Some of the first leaves of the "Erstes Buch" in the first volume have been misbound, but are all present. Rare first German edition of this political and economic classic, which constitutes Malthus' first major publication and his main work, because of which he is considered the father of demography and one of the main sources of inspiration for Darwin and Wallace. It is the first translation of the "Principle on Population" into any language, and it influenced German politics tremendously.The first edition was printed anonymously in London in 1798, and in 1803 the second edition, which, also according to Malthus himself, can be said to constitute a new work, appeared; -the great quarto edition from 1803 is thoroughly revised and much enlarged, the title has been changed and Malthus' name appears on the title-page for the first time, it is on this edition that all the preceding editions are based, and in consequence also the early translations. All the later editions were minor revisions of the second one. In 1806 the third edition appeared, and as soon as 1807 the first German one, which is translated from the revised third edition ("Die gegenwärtige Uebersetzung ist nach der dritten Ausgabe, Oktav, London 1806. Die Quartausgabe ist minder vollständig", Vorwort, p. V). New revisions of the text kept appearing till the sixth edition in 1826. The book, then as now, is considered highly controversial, and it has influenced all demographers ever since, as well as being of immense importance to the study of economic theory and genetic inheritance. "The "Essay" was highly influential in the progress of thought in the early nineteenth-century Europe.... "Parson" Malthus, as Cobbett dubbed him, was for many, a monster and his views were often grossly misinterpreted.... But his influence on social policy, whether for good or evil, was considerable. The Malthusian theory of population came at the right time to harden the existing feeling against the Poor Laws and Malthus was a leading spirit behind the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834." (PMM 251).Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834), called the "enfant terrible" of the economists, was an English demographer, statistician and political economist, who is best known for his groundbreaking views on population growth, presented in his "Essays on the Principle of Population", which is based on his own prediction that population would outrun food supply, causing poverty and starvation. Among other things this caused the legislation, which lowered the population of the poor in England. Malthus actually turned political, economic and social thought upside down with this work, which has caused him to be considered one of the 100 most influential persons in history (Hart, The 100: A Ranking of the most Influential Persons in History, 1978). Of course, he was condemned by Marx and Engels, and opposed by the socialists universally, but the work was of immense impact on not only politics, economics, social sciences etc, but also on natural sciences. "Later in the "Origin of Species" he [Darwin] wrote that the struggle for existence "is the doctrine of Malthus applied with manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms; for in this case there can be no artificial increase of food, and no prudential restraint from marriage" [p. 63]. Alfred Russel Wallace, who arrived at a worked-out formulation of the theory of evolution at almost precisely the same time as Darwin, acknowledged that "perhaps the most important book I read was Malthus's "Principles of Population" (My Life, p. 232). Although there were four decennial censuses before Malthus' death, he did not himself analyze the data, although he did influence Lambert Quetelet and Pierre Verhulst, who made precise statistical studies on growth of populations in developed countries and showed how the early exponential growth changed to an S curve." (DSB, IX, p. 69). As Malthus realized that his theories were not satisfactorily presented or sufficiently demonstrated in the first edition from 1798, he travelled for three years through Europe gleaning statistics, and then published the second edition in 1803. Among other places he travelled through Northern Germany, and his detailed diaries of these journeys provided him with some of the evidence necessary for the development of his theory on population growth. The observational information that he gathered on his travels in Europe were crucial to the development of his theories, which also means that the work is of great interest for other European countries, and not only Britain. "In 1819 the Royal Society elected Malthus to a fellowship. He was also a member of the French Institute and the Berlin Academy, and a founding member of the Statistical Society (1834)." (DSB, IX, p. 67). Printing and the Mind of Man 251 (first edition).

Nürnberg, Paul Lochner, 1729. Folio. (40,5 x 26,5 cm.). Contemp. full calf. 6 raised bands. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. Gilt borders on covers. Minor scratches to covers. Small crack in leather on the joint at upper and lower compartments. Small stamp on title-page. Engraved frontispiece. Title-page in red and black. (28),66,96,114,136,144,104,(10) pp., 6 engraved vignettes, 1 full-page engraving with coat of arms (on F 4r), 62 engraved plates of which 9 are folded and double-page (E. Nunzer del., A. Nunzer sc.). Internally clean and fine. Enlarged and richly illustrated edition with the fine engravings by Nunzer, providing all the information a nobleman and stud-farm owner could possibly want. First published 1609, now with modified text and new copperplates.Lipperheide Tc 22. - Nissen 2542.

Rome, ( Viottis parmensem vin aedibus S. Birgittae), 1554. Folio. Bound in 17th century full calf, later rebacked preserving old titlelabel with gilt lettering. Corners a bit bumped. Woodcut on title-page. 2 full-page woodcuts (printer devise Olaus Magnus-Viottii)(58),787,(1 - Errata),(2 - Colophon) pp. and 238 woodcuts in the text and one full-page woodcut map (a smaller copy of Olaus Magnus Carta marina, published 1555). A few minor marginal brownspots at end. printed on good paper. Internally clean and fine. First edition, first issue. "This famous history was written in Venice in 1540, where the author was then living as a catholic refugee - he had left Sweden in 1526. In it, the Gothic romantic conception of Sweden as the "vagina gentium", the idea of Jordanes, 6th century chronicler of the Goths, is developed in a history of Swedish kings both at home and abroad leading the migrating peoples. The conception had alredy been adopted by mediaeval Swedish historians and was the leading ideology of Swedish patriotism in the 17th century when the text was translated into Swedish (1620). The book was posthumously published by the author's brother Olaus Magnus, who dedicated it to Pope Julius III as well as to the Swedish Crown Prince Erik." (Swedish Books 1280-1967, No. 17).Adams, M 136. - Collijn II,210-214.

Aarhus, (Autoris Tryckeri), 1647. Lille 4to på tværs. Velbevaret samtidigt helpergamentsbind. Bindet med lidt brunpletter. (16),240 pp. Alle sider med teksten inden for en røskenramme. Originaltrykket af notorisk sjældenhed, her i et ualmindeligt frisk og velbevaret eksemplar. Kun enkelte komplette eksemplarer bevaret på private hænder. Bogen er et kildeskrift af væsentlig betydning for forståelsen af de økonomiske værdiforhold i omsætningen af værdi - og produktionsgenstande, mål, vægt, afgifter etc. etc. i 1600-tallets Danmark. Skonning havde sit eget trykkeri i Århus, og her er bogen trykt.Thesaurus II,646. - Bibl. Danica II,798.

Milano, P. Hugues, 1822. Folio. 48x32,5 cm. Bound in one cont. hcalf, richly gilt back and title-label with gilt lettering. (Title-label a little torn). Lightly rubbed along edges and spine ends, but good. Engraved ornamental title-page (printed in brown). 6 engraved leaves with text and 4 plates with descendt-line, skeletons etc., 17 printed leaves of text, 25 engraved leaves with text (Indices and text). And in all 89 fine stipple-engraved plates (4 separately numb. + I-LXX + I-XV). Plates with engraved frame and at bottom engraved text in Italian.A large uncut copy with broad margins. Scattered marginal brownspots, a few tears to margins, images clean and bright. Scarce title-issue of this important, and perhaps the largest, monograph on primates, apes and monkeys from the 19th century by the French painter Nicholas Henri Jacob. The original issue was published in 2 parts 1812-14. This title-issue has a reset title-page, a new dedication and the text beneath the image is in Italian. The illustrations in these splendid stipple-engravings are the same.The plates depict apes, monkeys and lemurs from the Old World and The New World in 5 Classes: 1. Genere; Orang; Pithecus. 2. Genere. Babbuino. 3. genere. Guenone; Cercopithecus. 4. Genere. Sapajù; Cebus. 5. genere. Sapajù-Sagoino; Callithrix.- Part II: Famiglia. I Maki; Lemures.Wood p. 402. - BMC (NH) II:916 (but with the year 1823 "This is the same as the original from 1812, except in the setting of the title-page, of the dedication, and of the translations of the introduction." - Nissen. 2080.

Stockholm, Grefing, 1757. Small 8vo. In the original blank wrappers. Dampstain to upper part of spine and upper part of back wrapper, affecting last blank leaf. Old owner's name to title-page. First blank leaf with comments in recent hand in pencil. From the library of Swedish crime author Henning Mankell. Text printed in two columns. Title-page with lovely engraved vignette, depicting a putti with a spyglass (symbolising the Enlightenment) and lovely woodcut vignettes. Untouched and unrestored in completely original condition. A magnificent copy. (16), 256 pp. Exceedingly scarce first edition of the first Scandinavian translation of Machiavelli's "Il Principe", namely the first Swedish translation. Through its Scandinavian translation, the work came to have an immense impact on Scandinavian politics and philosophy and was considered a breakthrough work of political thought, albeit highly controversial and not at all acceptable at the time. Even though antedating some other European versions by more than two centuries, the first translation into a Nordic language came to signify substantial changes in the political climate of the Nordic countries and sparked a debate that was to last another century, until Machavelli was finally accepted in the North. ""The Prince" was not to be translated in Scandinavia until more than two centuries later, partly because in the meantime it could be read in Latin - in the versions of Tegli, Conring and Langenhert - and later in French, but also because at that time a work which established, among other things, the superiority of the Reason of State to moral values was unacceptable, at least formally. The first translation of "The Prince" into a Nordic language is by Carl von Klingenberg, together with the translation of "The Anti-Machiavel" by Frederick II of Prussia ("Machiavels Prins, med Undersökningen deraf. Öfversatt ifrån Hufvudspråken", Grefing 1757).Klingenberg's work, however, remained an isolated fact for more than a century. Actually "The Prince" as a separate work, was translated only in 1867 by Rudolf August Helfrid Afzelius…; by that time the debate over Machiavelli had been settled, and the value of "The Prince" finally Acknowledged... The first Danish translation of the whole work dates back to only 1876...Therefore the first Scandinavian translation of "The Prince" was completed in Sweden around the middle of the eighteenth century, during the "frihetstid" (The "Age of Liberty", 1721-72), a period full of political, social and cultural turmoil: These are the years of the making of a political conscience and of the spread of new political theories, of the development of rhetoric, of the foundation of reviews and literary associations, as well as of scientific and cultural academies; these years marked a new openness to foreign cultures and the diffusion of Enlightenment ideas. The "Age of Liberty" is also a period full of political and cultural conflicts and uncertainty." (Roberto de Pol, pp. 248-250). "The Prince" constitutes the beginning of modern political philosophy and one of the most influential works in the history of modern thought. It founded the science of modern politics on the study of mankind, and even today no political thinker can disregard the importance of this masterpiece of political theory. For more information about the first Scandinavian translation and about the translator, see: Roberto de Pol: The First Translations of Machiavelli's "Prince", pp. (247-278). The work is of the utmost scarcity and we have been able to locate no more than three copies of it world-wide: 1: National Library of Sweden; 2: National Library of Denmark; 3: Brown University (the Machiavelli Collection). This makes it one if the very scarcest Machiavelli-translations in the world.