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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn61444
Franckfurt & Leipzig, Monathischen Buch-Laden, 1732 (+) Leipzig, Gleditschens seel. Sohn, 1734. 8vo. In contemporary full calf with four raised bands. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. A nice and clean copy. 352, (4), 365, 200 pp. + 3 frontispieces. Sammelband with two work by Sinold, here written under the pseudonym of Faramond, first edition of “Gedancken über die Eitelkeit der Welt” and a later edition of “Die Klugheit derer wahren”. Both works express Sinold’s focus on moral and critique of worldly vanities all in the context of his pietistic values. Philipp Balthasar Sinold, also known as von Schütz (1657–1742), was a publicist, writer, and theologian. He used the pseudonyms Ludwig Ernst von Faramond (as here), Amadeus Creutzberg and Irenicus Ehrenkron. Coming from the noble Sinold family, he was educated at the Gymnasium in Weissenfels and studied law at the University of Jena. After serving in the Duke of Tuscany's guard cavalry in Florence, he returned to Germany and lived as a private scholar in Leipzig where he published "Die europäische Fama" (1704) and the first "Zeitungs-Lexikon." As "Faramond," he wrote satirical works criticizing his contemporaries as here. As "Amadeus Creutzberg" he authored devotional writings.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn51108
Paris, Bachelier, 1850 a. 1851. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome 30, No 8 and Tome 33, No 9. Pp. (185-) 215 a. pp. (253-) 276. Helmholtz's papers: pp. 204-206 a. pp. 262-265. Clean and fine. First appearance (also in Berichte königl. Preuss. Ak. the same year) of these short notes in which Helmholtz announced his discovery and measurements of the time delay of nervous impulses, a discovery "which opened a new and unbounded field of investigations to physiologists". It is one the most importent discoveries in physiology in the 19th century."Du Bois-Reymond... received Helmholtz's first two-page note. Müller, to whom Du Bois tried to ecplain it, insisted on rejecting the conclusion, arguing that Helmholtz had not eliminated the time for the contraction of the muscle. Humboldt, du Bois wrote Helmholtz, "war ganz depaysiert", and at first refused to send the paper to Paris for publication there. Du Bois had first to edit it and then Humboldt, won over, had it published in the "Comptes Rendus", adding a further explanatory foot-note of his own. By summer, Müller had also been won, and then helmholtz published his longer paper in which he included a measurement of tghe time of the muscular cobntraction and nes determinations of the rate of transmission."(Boring "History of Experimental Psychology", p. 48)."To separate the movement in time from the event of will that caused it was in a sense to separate the body from the mind, and almost from the personality or self. At any rate, helmholtz's discovery was a step in the analysis of bodily motionthat changed it from an instantaneous occurrence to a temporal series of events, and it thus contributed to the materialistic view of the psychophysical organuismthat was the essence of nineteenthy century science.... The most impiortent effect of the experiment and all the research that followed upon it was, however, thatit brought the soul to time, as it were, measured what had been ineffable, actually captured the essential agent of mind in the toils of natural science." (Boring "History of Experimental Psychology", p. 42)."Helmholtz’ research in sensory physiology began in 1850, when he determined the velocity of the nerve impulse in the sciatic nerve of the frog. In 1852 he obtained more precise results through his invention of the myograph. This device, in which the muscle traces the motion of its contraction upon a rotating drum, permitted more exact measurement of the small time intervals involved than any previous method. Helmholtz’ measurements yielded not only a finite velocity for nerve propagation but also the surprisingly slow one of about ninety feet per second. The result was considered a victory for the mechanistic school, for it seemed to confirm du Bois-Reymond’s hypothesis that the nerve impulse consisted in the progressive rearrangement of ponderable molecules."(DSB).
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn60770
Leipzig & Magdeburg, Seidel, 1717. Folio (365 x 235 mm). In a very nice contemporary Cambridge mirror-style binding with six raised bands with richly gilt spine. Blindstamped ornamentation to board and single gilt line to boarders of boards. Small paper-label pasted on to upper compartment of spine. Light wear to extremities, scratches to boards but overall a very nice and clean copy. (4), 524, (160) pp. Beautiful later edition of Scriver’s highly praised work describing the progress of the soul from misery to eternal life by combining allegory, dogmatics, and ethics. It has been translated into numerous languages, including Norwegian, Danish, Swedish and Finnish. The first edition was published in 1689. Christian Scriver (1629–1693) was a German Lutheran theologian and devotional writer. Scriver's writings focused on practical spirituality and personal piety, aiming to guide readers in their Christian walk.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn7639
Bruxelles, 1881-78. Folio. 2 orig.printed boards. Lithogr.portrait, LVIII,263 pp. and 28 fine lithogr.plates by G.Severeyns, known for excellent quality. - (Annales de Musée Royal D'Hist.Nat. de Belgique Tome III).
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn44097
Paris, Chez Bernard, 1807. Contemp. hcalf., gilt spine. A few scratches to binding, wear to top of spine. In: "Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de Mémoires.." Vol. 63. Entire volume offered. 336 pp. a. 1 engraved plate. Davy's paper: pp. 172-224 a. pp. 225-266. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. Browning to halftitle. A few scattered brownspots. First French edition of ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT CONTRIBUTIONS EVER MADE TO CHEMICAL SCIENCE, as Davy here outlined a theory of mass action, forcast the use of electricity in atomic disintegration and announced the isolation by electrolytic methods of two new elements, sodium and potassium. He used the most powerful electric battery of the time, a voltaic pile, invented 1800 by Volta."Humphrey Davy...was among the first to investigate the decomposition of water. In 1806 he delivered a Bakerian Lecture (the paper offered here in the French version) before the Royal Society of London "On some chemical agencies of electricity" (1807), which pointed out several fallacies in the theory of electrolysis. Davy's experiments on the chemical effects of electrical currents on substances, causing their decomposition, led to his discovery of several new elements: potassium (1807), sodium (1807), barium (1808), calcium (1808), and boron (1808)" (Milestone of Science No. 52) - Davy's first Bakerian Lecture won a Prize from Napoleon, even though France and England were at War. - Partington vol. IV pp. 42 ff. - PMM No 255 (note). - Parkinson, Breakthroughs: 1807 C.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn28197
Paris, Cailleau, 1763. Cont. full calf. Richly gilt back. Covers with gilt borders. Top and bottom of back a little worn. Inner hinge at end a little weak. Engraved titlepage. XII,358 pp. (pp. 356-58 errata) and 1 large folded engraved map by de Lafosse (30x22,5 cm., dated 1763) and 1 folded engraved plate (Camp de l'Emir des Druses, pres de Baruth). As there seems to be different prints of the so-called second edition (as this) we are not able to decide whether there should be more plates to this printing. The work describes in 3 sections the esoteric religion of the Druses, founded in the 11th century by the Fatimid Calif of Egypt, their history and their commerce.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn36324
Amsterdam, Abraham Wolfgang, 1694. Uncut in contemp. blank boards. Title handwritten on spine. Spine a little rubbed. (22),307 pp. and (8),159 pp. Textillustrations in woodcut illustrating Cartesian physics and world system. A large copy, few marginal brownspots. Previous owners name on fly-leaf, Vilhelm Maar, Danish historian of medicine. First Latin edition (The French original from 1690 Voyage du Monde de Descartes) of this imaginary travel to find Descartes on the moon and in the upper spheres. The work is one of the most importent anti-Cartesian polemics of the 1690's and it attacs the whole of Descartes system in a satirical way."It aimes principally at the sharp Cartesian distinction between body and soul, related in a satirical fashion the voyage of the disembodied souls of the narrator, of Mersanne, and of another old friend of Descartes in the upper spheres. On their way to visit Descartes in the third heaven, they meet the souls of Aristotle and the disciples of descartes (clearly refelcting here the philosophical opinions of Gabriel Daniel himself). One of the articles of that treaty stipulates that the Cartesians will refer to Aristotle with more respect, whereas the Aristotelians will refrain from calling Descartes "Enthusiast", "Madman", "Heretick" or "Atheist" - all of these evidently labels commonly used by the opponents of Descartes at that time." (Michael Heyd in "Be Sober and Reasonable"). The work was published anonymous and earlier sometimes attributed to Daniel Defoe. -
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn59906
London, Macmillian, 1962. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In "Nature", Vol. 196, October - December. Stamp to pasted down front end-paper and title-page. A fine copy. Pp. 1080-1. [Entire colume: LII, 1346 pp.]. First appearance of Shapiro's famous paper in which he sought to describe a bathtub vortex with the Coriolis Effect. This eventually gave birth to the urban myth that a toilet vortex always will have a counter clockwise flow in the Northern Hemisphere. The Coriolis effect on a micro level is still disputed and has never been satisfyingly confirmed or rejected. Scientists were aware that Earth's rotation alters the trajectory of objects in motion. This phenomenon causes low-pressure weather systems to twist counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The Coriolis effect, as it's known, had long been well documented as the cause of hurricanes and tornadoes. But despite previous attempts, no one had shown that the effect-first described in 1835 by the French engineer and mathematician Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis-works on very small scales as well. Though in theory it should influence bathwater's exit through a drain, the Coriolis effect was thought to be too small to see."For his experiment, Shapiro used a circular, flat-bottomed tub with a centered drain hole three-eighths of an inch in diameter to which he attached a 20-foot length of hose, plugged with a stopper at the end. He filled the tank six inches deep with clean, room-temperature water. Small variations-air movement, a temperature change, a surface disturbance-create buoyancy currents that overshadow the Coriolis effect. So Shapiro did much tinkering to cancel out these possible sources of interference-covering the tank with a sheet of plastic to keep out air currents, for example, and carefully controlling the room's temperature. He also filled the tank by swirling water in clockwise, so that if the water drained counterclockwise, the direction would not have been influenced by how the tank was filled.After 24 hours of letting the water settle, Shapiro carefully pulled the plug from the end of the hose, gently placing above the drain a small float made of two crossed slivers of wood an inch long. It took about 20 minutes for the tub to drain completely. For the first 12 to 15 minutes, the float remained motionless. Then it began to rotate almost imperceptibly, counterclockwise, reaching a peak speed of approximately one revolution every three to four seconds. Proving that the Coriolis effect can be detected in a bathtub-size tank, albeit under carefully controlled conditions, was a remarkable achievement. At MIT's latitude of 42°, the effect was "only thirty-millionths that of gravity, which is so small that it will be overcome by filling and even temperature differences and water impurities," reported one of many newspapers and periodicals covering the experiment. Shapiro's results were published in Nature and verified by colleagues who used his technique to demonstrate a clockwise flow in the Southern Hemisphere. The findings fascinated a curious public of all ages. Shapiro would also become known for explaining and improving the aerodynamics of golf ball dimples, as well as for helping to develop the intra-aortic balloon for heart patients and devices to treat blood clots, asthma, emphysema, and glaucoma. But for more than a decade after the bathtub test, he would receive letters and newspaper clippings from all over the world about what was dubbed the "bathtub vortex" controversy. " (MIT Technology Review).
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn52043
Amsterdam, J. Wetstein, 1742-49. Bound in 16 contemp. full calf. raised bands, gilt spines, titlelabels with gilt lettering. Spines with light wear to gilding. A small nick to engraved frontispiece in upper right corner. Engraved titlevignettes. Each volume with folded maps, plans and plates. On good paper, internally clean.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn47781
Toulouse, Paris,èduard Privat - Gauthier-Villars, 1912-29. 4to. Bound in 9 contemp. uniform hcalf. Spines gilt, titlelabels on spines with gilt lettering. A few scratches to spines. Portrait in Helogravure as frontispiece. Some plates and some textillustrations.Stamps to titlepages. A fine clean copy, printed on good paper. The origibal printing of this classic work on the history of science. Tannery was an engineer and administrator by profession, and he could devote only his leisure hours to scholarship. Despite this limitation, however, he accomplished a vast amount of penetrating and wide-ranging research and became one of the most influential figures in the rapidly developing study of the history of science at the beginning of the twentieth century.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn13879
Ubeskåret i med den original hollanderede forperm bevaret. Ryg restaureret m. papir som det originale samt ny bagperm. Originaludgave. Himmelstrup 90.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn56412
Kiøbenhavn, Godiche, 1776-79. 4to. Indbundet i 3 samtidige helldrbd. med ophøjede bind på rygge. Rig rygforgyldning. Forgyldte skindtitler. Stempel på titelblade. Supplementsbindet i lidt større format. Kobberstukket portræt af Chr. III som frontispiece. (18),180,768,(12),650;(8),267 pp., 4 foldetabeller, 1 kobberstukket planche. Alle 3 bind trykt på svært skrivepapir, ren og frisk. Med det sjældne Supplementsbind. - Bibl. Danica III,53.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn57700
London, Richard Bentley, 1853. In the original full cloth binding with the original paper title label to spine. Spine and capitals slightly worn. Corners bumped. Internally nice and clean. VIII,220,(4, - ie. oublisher's advertisements) pp. First edition of the first English translation, done by Mrs. Bushby's translation directly from Danish, containing 20 of Andersen's fairy tales, all taken from his third fairy tale collection. With a presentation-inscription from Mrs. Bushby on the half-title: "To Mde van Dockum/with the Translator's/ Kind compliments".
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn43321
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1832. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff", Bd. 26, Stück 2-3. Pp. 193-352 a. pp. 353-496 a. 3 folded engraved plates. (2 whole issues offered having titlepage to vol. 26).). Wöhler & Liebig papers: pp. 325-343 (2. issue) a. pp. 465-485 (3. issue). Both issues clean and fine. First appearance (but also in "Annalen der Chemie") of these outstanding researches on the benzoyl radical. where the importence of "radicals" to organic chemistry is illustrated."Along with his collegue, Friedrich Wöhler..who had already synthetized urea, Liebig wrote a famous paper (1832, the paper offered) in which he showed, for the first time, that a complex organic group pf atoms - a "radicale" as it is now called - is capable of forming a long series of compounds, behaving throughout as though it were an element. THE DISCOVERY IS OF PRIMARY IMPORTENCE FOR OUR CONCEPTION OF THE CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVING BODY."(Singer in "The Story of Living Things" p. 374)."In their classic paper - which was actually written by Wöhler although Liebig is listed as coauthor - they summarized their achievements: "...we make the general assertion that as a result of our experiments, it is established that there is a body, composed of three elements, that remains stable in the presence of reagents and that can be regarded not only as the radical of benzoic acid, bur perhaps with slight variatioons, as the radical of a large number of similar compounds.....Incidentally, many of the compounds they first prepared and described (such as benzoyl chloride) were importent in the future development of organic chemistry."(DSB XIV, pp. 476-477). - Parkinson "Breakthroughs", 1832 C
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn45163
London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1803. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1803 - Part I. Pp.29-42 and 1 engraved plate and Appendix: pp. 274-276. With titlepage to the volume Part I. Some browning to lower part of titlepage. Light foxing to the plate. First appearance of this highly importent paper in which Henry announced his discovery of the law, which later was termed "Henry's Law". The law states that when a gas is absorbed in a liquid the weight of the gas dissolved is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the liquid. This discovery contributed directly to the atomic theory of Dalton.(Parkinson: Breakthroughs: 1803 C) "Dalton's own experiments on the solution of gases and the stimulus afforded by Henry's work have been seen as crucial in the development of the atomic theory."(DSB VI p. 285).A paper by Humphrey Davy: "An Accont of some Experiemnts and Observations on the constituent Parts of certain astringent Vegetables; and on their Operating in Tanning. Read February 24, 1803", comes with. In the same volume Pp. 233-273.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn11976
Berlin, 1930-93. Vol. 1-35 bound in hcloth, 36-37 in parts as issued.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn60426
(Bartholin:) Copenhagen, Joh. Phil. Bockenhoffer, 1701 (+) (Ortlob:) Leipzig, Gleditsch, 1697. 4to (205 x 160 mm). In a modest contemporary half calf binding with three raised bands. Title-page with marginal repairs and some miscolouring. First and last few leaves with dampstain, otherwise a good copy. (8), 187, (5), 8, 296, (20) pp. + five plates. First appearance of Bartholin’s important anatomical work. Blending meticulous anatomical observations, historical analysis, and scholarly commentary, the book presented a detailed overview of the development of anatomical knowledge, exploring the works of influential figures from ancient Greece to the Renaissance. Bartholi's efforts to integrate historical context with anatomical facts were unprecedented, offering readers a holistic understanding of the subject.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn61971
København, Tikiøbs Forlag, 1797. 8vo. Bound in a contemporary half calf binding with gilt spine and gilt title label. Minor cracks to spine. Insignificant wear to capitals. Edges of boards worn. Corners bumped. Bibliographical notes to front free endpaper. Small ownership stamp to verso of title page. Evenly browned. XII,(2),368,(1: errata) pp. The extremely rare first Danish edition of Condorcet's main work "Esquisse d'un tableau historique des progrès de l'esprit humain.1795", "the most fully developed exposition of the progress of man" (Printing and the Mind of Man, p. 149) and a main work of the Enlightenment as well as of historical thought in general. The author was the creator of what came to found the basis for the modern French system. The great French philosopher, political thinker and mathematician, M.J.A. Condorcet (1743 - 1794), played a seminal role in 18th century France. He was friends with the likes of d'Alembert, Voltaire, Turgot etc., and he greatly contributed to the social and political debates of politically turbulent France. As one of the few, he advocated a liberal economy, equality in public education as well as in gender and race etc. He preached constitutionalism, and his thoughts that are still influential today embody those of the Enlightenment and rationalism."A belief in the ultimate perfectibility of man lies at the root of all progressive thinking about the human condition. The "philosophes" and Godwin had familiarized the reading public with this notion; it was left to Condorcet to give it its finest and most durable expression. It was the gospel of nineteenth century that mankind is destined for indefinite future progress. Condorcet, looking back and then forward, saw proof of this in the growing equality between classes and nations, the intellectual, physical and moral improvement of man; and he prophesied that popular education on correct principles would strengthen and assure this progress." (PMM 246).During the French Revolution Condorcet came to play a dominating role, advocating a rationalist reconstruction of society, and he championed many liberal causes. In 1791 he became secretary of the Legislation Assembly, and the institution adopted his scheme for comprehensive state education, which later became the basis of the modern French system. In the struggle between the two political parties, the Girondists and the Montagnards, Condorcet occupied an independent role, but when he opposed the death penalty under the trial of King Louis XVI (still supporting the actual trial), and the radical Montagnards gained more power, Condorcet was branded a traitor, and in October 1793 a warrant was issued for his arrest. He now went into hiding for several months (almost a year), and it is during these months that he writes the work that was to become his most important, the main work "Esquisse..." ("Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind"), which was published posthumously, the year after his death. In 1794 Condorcet was arrested, and two days later he was found dead in his cell, -it is unknown whether he committed suicide or was murdered because of fear of fierce reactions that would definitely have occurred had the beloved man been officially sentenced to the death penalty."In the Esquisse", published after his death, Condorcet traces the history of man through epochs, the first three covering his progress from savagery to pastoral community and thence to the agricultural state. The next five span the growth of civilizations and knowledge down to Descartes, and the ninth describes the revolution of Condorcet's own lifetime, from Newton to Rousseau. The prophetic view of the tenth epoch shows Condorcet at his most original. He forecasts the destruction of inequality between nation and classes, and the improvement, intellectual, moral and physical, of human nature..., it exercised considerable influence on Comte. But it is as the most fully developed exposition of the progress of man that Condorcet's work is now remembered, and it is this which has given it its lasting appeal." (PMM 246).
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn56654
Göttingen, Dieterischen Buchhandlung, 1821. Small 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine. Gilt lettering. A small crack in leather at upper compartment. IV,326,(2) pp., 11 folded engraved plates. On good paper. Clean and fine. First edition.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn51329
Rotomagi (Rouen), Guillelmi Behourt, 1700. 4to. 3 contemp. full calf. 5 raised bands, richly gilt spines. Tome- and titlelabels gilt. Wear to top of spines. Some small cracks along hinges, but not loosening. Stamps on title-pages. (34),668,(18);(8),669,(15);(16),669,(7) pp. A few woodcut illustrations in the text. A few brownspots. Onternally clean. First edition.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn48912
Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1922. 4to. Bound in 2 uniform full cloth, but of slightly different sizes. Paperlabels pasted to lower part of spines. A faint stamp to titlepage and some of the issues. In "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome 174. 1815,(1) pp. (Entire volume offered). Cartan's papers: pp.437-439, 593-595, 734-737, 857-60, 1104-1107. First edition of these papers, in which Cartan intruced the concept of "Torsion", the main inspiration for Einstein in his searce for a unified field theory. The ECT of gravity is a modification of the General relativity Theory"The Einstein-Cartan theory, also known as the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory, is a classical theory of gravitation similar to general relativity but relaxing the assumption that the affine connection has vanishing antisymmetric part (torsion tensor), so that the torsion can be coupled to the intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of matter, much in the same way in which the curvature is coupled to the energy and momentum of matter. In fact, the spin of matter in curved spacetime requires that torsion is not constrained to be zero but is a variable in the principle of stationary action. Regarding the metric and torsion tensors as independent variables gives the correct generalization of the conservation law for the total (orbital plus intrinsic) angular momentum to the presence of the gravitational field. The theory was first proposed by Élie Cartan in 1922 and expounded in the following few years. Dennis Sciama and Tom Kibble independently revisited the theory in the 1960s, and an important review was published in 1976. Albert Einstein became affiliated with the theory in 1928 during his unsuccessful attempt to match torsion to the electromagnetic field tensor as part of a unified field theory. This line of thought led him to the related but different theory of teleparallelism." (Wikipedia).
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn51210
Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1903. 8vo. Bound with the original wrappers in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung", 12. Band. 6. Heft. Juni. Bound with all issues from December 1902 till December 1903 (all issues with wrappers). Pp. 319-324; Pp. 368-375. [Entire volume: VI, 602 pp.]. First appearance of Frege's important paper on the role of axioms in mathematical theories, describing the correct way to demonstrate consistency and independence results for such axioms.The two papers was Frege's response to Hilbert's "Grundlagen der Geometrie" which inaugurated the famous Frege-Hilbert Controversy. "Hilbert's lecture [Grundlagen der Geometrie] inspired a sharp reaction from his contemporary Gottlob Frege, who found both Hilbert's understanding of axioms, and his approach to consistency and independence demonstrations, virtually incomprehensible and at any rate seriously flawed. Frege's reaction is first laid out in his correspondence with Hilbert from December 1899 to September 1900, and subsequently in two series of essays (both entitled "On the Foundations of Geometry") published in 1903 and 1906. Hilbert was never moved by Frege's criticisms, and did not respond to them after 1900. Frege, for his part, was never convinced of the reliability of Hilbert's methods, and held until the end that the latter's consistency and independence proofs were fatally flawed."(SEP). "Frege felt that his view represented a traditional understanding of this notion, and that Hilbert's departure from this understanding led to a confusion about axioms that undermined many of the sorts of results, in particular, the independence of the axioms of geometry, that Hilbert saw as major mathematical achievements. Symptomatic of Hilbert's confusion, according to Frege, was Hilbert's claiming that axioms could serve to define; the reason that this is a confusion, according to Frege, is that axioms and definitions are statements of wholly different types." (Antonelli, Frege's New Science).Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (1848 - 1925) was a German mathematician, but his main contributions lie in his becoming a logician and a philosopher, who influenced the fields of logic and analytic philosophy immensely. Together with Wittgenstein, Russel and Moore, Frege is considered the founder of analytic philosophy, and a main founder of modern mathematical logic. In the preface of the "Principia Mathematica" Russell and Whitehead state that "In all questions of logical analysis our chief debt is to Frege" (p. VIII). His influence on 20th century philosophy has been deeply profound, especially in the English speaking countries from the middle of the 20th century and onwards; in this period most of his works were translated into English for the first time.The philosophical papers of Frege were published in Germany in scholarly journals, which were barely read outside of German speaking countries. The first collections of his writings did not appear until after the Second World War, and Frege was little known as a philosopher during his lifetime. He greatly influenced the likes of Russel, wittgenstein and Carnap, though, and bears a great responsibility for the turn modern philosophical thought has taken. Due to his contributions to the philosophy of language, analytic philosophy could be founded as it were. Instead of answering the question about meaning, Frege here sets out to explore the foundations of arithmetic, beginning with questions such as "What is a number?" In his solutions the answer to the question of meaning could also be found, though, and he permitted himself "the hope that even the philosophers, if they examine what I have written without prejudice, will find in it something of use to them." (p. XIi - Introduction).
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn23608
Kbh., S. L. Møller, 1828-36. 4to. 3 hefter m. blankt omslag. 354 pp. samt 148 (af 150) kobberstukne plancher, heraf flere kolorerede. Bd. 3 stedvist skjoldet og m. fugtpletter. Bibl. Dan. I, 797.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn43998
London, Printed by Taylor and Francis - Published by the Author, (1862-) 73. Folio. Papersize 52x36 cm. Lithographed and fully handcoloured. 2 birds seen, female and male in natural habitat, feeding 3 baby birds outside the nest, foliage. J. Gould & H.C. Richter, del. et lith. - Walter & Cohn, Imp. Fine and clean. The plate is accompanied with the original textleaf. (2) pp. Textleaf frayed ininner margin. This is an original plate from Goulds great work "The Birds of Great Britain", issued between 1862 and 1873. The plates in this work were executed by Gould himself, and a few by J. Wolf, H.C. Richer and Hart. Together with Audubon's plates, the Gould-plates are considered the best bird-art ever produced, AND THE PLATES IN HIS "BIRDS OF GREAT BRITAIN" ARE THE PEAK OF GOULD'S ARTISTIC LIFE. In the foreword Gould stresses the difference from his "Birds of Europe" in the treatment of the illustrations, the inclusion here of the figures of the baby birds and nests, and he comments "Many of the public are quite unaware how the colouring of these large plates is accomplished; and not a few believe that they are produced by some mechanical process or by chromo-lithography. This, however is not the case; every sky with its varied tints and every feather of each bird were coloured by hand; and when it is considered that nearly two hundred and eighty thousand illustrations in the present work have been so treated, it will most likely cause some astonishment to those who give the subject a thought.". Elsewhere he remarked upon employing "almost all colourists in London." - Wood p. 364. - Nissen No. 372. - Sitwell 102. - Zimmer pp. 261-62. - Not in Jean Anker.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn36030
Kjøbenhavn, C.A. Reitzel, 1831, (1848), 1829, 1831. Alle 4 indbundet i et samtidigt hldrbd. Rygforgyldning. Ryg med lettere brugsspor. Usædvanlig rene eksemplarer, Skyggebilleder...og Kunstens Dannevirke trykt på bedre papir, Kjærlighed paa Nikolai.. og Skibet begge trykt på let blåligt skrivepapir. Alle 4 med lille stempel på bagsiden af titelbladet "CAR", og således antageligt udgiveren, C.A. Reitzel's arkiveksemplar. 4 originaludgaver. - BFN: 162, 540, 28, 166.
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