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Kbhvn., C.G. Glasings Efterleverske, 1756. 4to. Stort, næsten ubeskåret, eksemplar i nyere helldrbd. med ophøjede bind på ryg og rygtitel i skind. Forsatse i gl. marmoreret papir. Rygforgyldning. (8),288,(24) pp. Kobberstukne tekstillustrationer og store vignetter samt 31 kobberstukne plancher: kort, prospekter, planer, kædedragter m.v (mange heraf udfoldelige) samt 1 dobbeltsidet tabel. På skrivepapir. Enkelte marginale brunpletter. Stort frisk eksemplar med brede marginer. Originaludgaven af dette hovedværk om Bornholms og Christiansøes historie og topografi.

Berlin, August Hirschwald, 1840. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Bookseller label pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Light wear to extremities, primarily to hindges, otherwise a fine a copy. VI, (2), 274, (2) pp. First edition of Henle's landmark work in which he "laid down postulates on the aetiological relation of microbes to disease which became fundamentals of bacteriology and which did much to check the reckless speculation which had arisen regarding micro-organism. Koch later developed these postulates" (Garrison-Morton 2533). Henle became one of the greatest histologist and one of the finest anatomists of any area. "His importance to the development of histology is comparable to that of the Renaissance master Andreas Vesalius on gross anatomy." (Encyclopedia Britannica) "The significance of Henle's book lies in its long opening essay 'Von den Miasmen und Contagien,' in which Henle formulated, on the basis of deductive reasoning, his conviction that living organisms were the cause of contagious and infectious diseases. Drawing upon a wide body of work performed by other researchers on the origin of infectious diseases, such as Bassi's recent demonstration of the parasitical nature of muscardine disease of silkworms, Henle argued that infectious agents had to be organic in nature, since they appeared to multiply from the moment of entering the body (a statement supported by the fact that a certain period of incubation usually precedes the outbreak of disease), and only organic life has the property of growth. The fact that infectious agents could be destroyed by heat and disinfectants also suggested their animate nature. Henle assumed that each infectious disease had its own etiology, but realized that such views would be difficult to prove; he therefore proposed that an agent constantly found in association with a particular disease be isolated and tested in its isolated state to see whether it could produce the disease. 'This approach to the proof of the germ theory Henle communicated to his pupil Robert Koch and was, forty years later, to become one of the cornerstones of classical bacteriology under the name of "Koch's postulates" ' Foster "He laid down postulates on the aetiological relation of microbes to disease which became fundamentals of bacteriology." (Norman) Garrison-Morton 2533 Osler 2944 Waller 4336 Norman 1051

Berlin, 1833-36. 8vo. Three contemporary uniform brown half calf bindings with gilt title- and tome-labels. Professional restorations to capitals and hinges. Elegant library-stamp to inside of front boards of the first two volumes. Vol. 2 with a few pencil-underlinings, and vol. 3 with pencil-annotations to last leaf. A bit of occasional brownspotting. With all three title-pages for "Werke. Vollständige Ausgabe", vol. 13-15, facing the title-pages for the "Vorlesungen". XX, 418, (1, -errata); VI, 586; VIII, 692 pp. First edition of Hegel's seminal "Lectures on the History of Philosophy", which was published posthumously by Michelet. The work comprises Hegel's nine lectures on the history of philosophy, given in Jena in the winter of 1805-6, Heidelberg in the winters of 1816-17 and 1817-18, Berlin in the summer of 1819 and the winters of 1820-21, 1823-23, 1825-26, 1827-28 and 1829-30. Just before his death, in November 1931, Hegel had begun his tenth lecture course on the history of philosophy, but only get two give the first two hours of it. The work is based on Hegel's own lecture manuscript from Jena, which is stilized throughout and written in full ("er wagte damals noch nichts dem freien mündlichen Vorträge zu überlassen", -Michelet, Preface, p. VI), his shorter draft written in Heidelberg meant for further development at the lectures as well as number of later endorsements and additions written in the margins of the two manuscripts and on loose leaves ("Diese Blätter sind von unschätzbarem Werthe, weil sie die höchst reichen Zusätze aller Vorlesungen spätere Jahre durch seine eigene Handschrift dokumentieren", Michelet, Preface, p. VI). Besides this, a number of lecture notes from learned students, including those of Michelet and the other "Freunde des Verewigten", have been used to establish the text as correctly as possible. These highly influential lectures, which attracted philosophers from all over Europe, make up a cornerstone in the philosophy of Hegel, and his view on the history of philosophy is something that understreams all of his thought. These lectures, and not least the publication of them after his death, have seminally influenced later philosophy, and the following fifty years after Hegel's death were philosophically, culturally and historically much indebted to them. It is the Hegelianism that also springs from Hegel's lectures on the history of philosophy that carries historicism, the conception of cultural and social relations as products of history, through the 19th century.

München, Piper & Co, 1912. Small 4to. Original illustrated full cloth (stating Dritte Auflage - i.e. third issue). Binding brownspotted and with tear to lower capital. Internally a bit of occasional brownspotting. Owner's signature to title-page (Fjeltofte). (8), 104 pp. + 8 plates + 3 unnumbered leaves of tables (Tabelle I-III) + advertisement leaf. Illustrated with original woodcuts in the text, 10 in all. The scarce first edition, first printing of Kandinsky’s landmark theoretical work of art, ”A seminal text in the history of modern art” (Guggenheim), curiously bound in the third issue binding. The first issue is easily distinguishable from the second and third that also appeared in 1912, as they are both expanded and have 124 pp., whereas the first has 104. The present copy has small remains of stitching towards the inner margins, so perhaps someone had this first issue printing inserted into the third issue binding, which is sturdy as opposed to the wrappers of the first issue. “In Concerning the Spiritual in Art Wassily Kandinsky, one of the most famous abstract painters of all time, urges the reader to free themselves from art's traditional bonds to material reality. In this radical theoretical work, he calls for a spiritual revolution in painting, arguing that artists, much like musicians, should be allowed to express their own inner lives in abstract, non-material terms. Investigating form and colour, spirituality and tradition, Kandinsky explores art's resonance with the soul, its purpose and nature, and its power to inspire us, to stir our emotions and to help us see beyond the limits of our world. A significant contribution to the understanding of non-objectivism in art, this book serves as an important landmark in modern art history and is necessary reading for every artist and art-lover.” (From the Penguin Classics edition). “In this remarkable book, anticipating “the spiritual turning-point” Kandinsky reflects on his understanding of progress in this direction. This is not a process that would happen automatically. It requires a lot of work and implies a great responsibility of both artist and viewer. The task of the artist is to find “the principle of the innermost necessity” that he or she can use through expressive means to achieve the goal, “vibration of the human soul.” Using captivating analogies, Kandinsky dwells at length on the artistic means: the psychology of color, the compositional interrelation of forms, etc. However, the main goal of an artist still remains to find that very innermost necessity”, that is based on the spiritual foundations of the individual. In his or her turn, the work of the viewer is to find within him- or herself the purity of perception, which, at this level, does not relate to the beauty of nature. The ideal imitation of nature as the summit point of artistic mastery has remained in the past. The impressions of impressionists, the emotions of expressionists, the experiments of cubists - all these stages have long been passed, and now the task of the viewer is to see the beauty of pure color and pure shape. Kandinsky anticipates the emergence of abstract art as the purest form of influence on the human soul, and views the future optimistically, foretelling the upcoming emergences of the epoch of great spirituality.” (from Sadler’s English translation)

Paris, Félix Alcan, 1912. 8vo. Completely uncut and unopened, in the fragile original printed green wrappers. Remains of a paper label to front wrapper, otherwise an exceptionally fine, clean, and fresh copy. Light minor brownspotting due to the quality of the paper. Housed in a custom-made green cloth box with gilt red laetaher title-label to spine. (4), 647 pp + folded map + publisher's catalogue (38, (2) pp). Scarce first edition - especially in this condition - of what is generally regarded as Durkheim's magnum opus, his groundbreaking study of totemism among the Australian aborigines, which led him to the foundational conclusion that religion is social, that the primary purpose of religion is to bind people together. Showing that society is the soul of religion, that society is the foundation of all religious belief, and that religion is what allows for a society to express its social unity "The Elementary forms of religious Life" furthermore explains the enduring relevance of religion throughout history. In this milestone work of sociology, Durkheim sets out to discover the enduring source of human social identity. To that aim, he investigates totemism among the Australian Aborigines, acknowledging that all religion has its origin in totemism. Totems are collective symbols that represent both a god and society. The collective thought, of which totemism is an early expression, is the basis of all religious thought and as such also of philosophy and modern science.The work came to have a profound effect on not only sociology and religion, but also on philosophy, psychology, and history of science, documenting how collective thought, through totemism and religious expression, enabled mankind to enter into a world of concepts and correspondence and to identity causes and relations. All philosophy and science ultimately rests on this collective thought, which allowed mankind to enter into a conceptual realm. "The Elementary Forms has been applauded and debated by sociologists, anthropologists, ethnographers, philosophers, and theologians, and continues to speak to new generations about the intriguing origin and nature of religion and society." (from the English langiuage translation)."The general conclusion of the book which the reader has before him is that religion is something eminently social. Religious representations are collective representations which express collective realities; the rites are a manner of acting which take rise in the midst of assembled groups and which are destined to excite, maintain, or recreate certain mental states in these groups. So if the categories are of religious origin, they ought to participate in this nature common to all religious facts; they should be social affairs and the product of collective thought. At least -- for in the actual condition of our knowledge of these matters, one should be careful to avoid all radical and exclusive statements -- it is allowable to suppose that they are rich in social elements." (From "The Elementary forms of religious Life").

Sorø, Jonas Lindgren, 1761, 1762 & 1763. 8vo. Uniformly bound in six contemporary full mottled calf bindings with five raised bands and gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Wear to extremities, boards with scratches, spine-ends chipped, some with loss of leather. Internally with occassional light brownpostting, but generally nice and clean. (23), 4-416 pp. + frontispiece; (3), 418-840, 32, (1), 722-728 pp; (2), 408 pp.; (3), 410-808 [i.e. 888] pp.; (2), 400 pp.; (3), 402-948, (2) pp. First appearance of this important Danish Enlightenment journal published between 1761 and 1763. The publication covered a wide range of topics, including politics, literature, philosophy, and cultural matters, and it played a significant role in shaping public opinion during its time. "Den Patriotiske Tilskuer" aimed to promote enlightened ideas and reforms, and it contributed to the intellectual and cultural life of Denmark during the 18th century. It was published twice each week and in approximately 1000 copies.

Kjøbenhavn, Ernst Bojesens Kunstforlag, 1880. 8vo. In contemporary red half calf with four raised bands. Light wear to extremities. Text-leaves with marginal brownspotting. Plates a bit weak in inner margins. 8 ff. + 8 original photographs from the first Danish perfomance of "Et Dukkehjem". Rare first edition, documenting the historic first staging of Ibsen’s "Et Dukkehjem" at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen in December 1879. The volume contains eight original photographs of the actors in role, making it one of the earliest attempts at theatrical photography in Denmark, and one of the few surviving contemporary visual records of the play’s groundbreaking early performances. The accompanying text is by Herman Bang (1857–1912), the Danish critic and novelist, whose essay puts Ibsen’s work within the broader cultural and social debates of the period. “Et Dukkehjem” quickly became one of the most influential plays of the modern stage, starting discussions on marriage, gender roles and individual freedom. OCLC only list three copies. Herring, Herman Bangs forfatterskab, p. 181 (17.02.1880) - Herring only mentions seven photographs.

(London, Richard and John E., Taylor, 1840. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1840 - Part I. Pp. XII [including title-page of Philosophical Transactions" 1840 - Part I), 59 pp. (Note I- III pp. 51-59) and 2 plates. (one showing Herschel's telescope, lithographed; the other showing the heat spectrum of the sun in stipple engraving). First appearance of an important pioneer-paper in the history of early photography, in which subject John Herschel was one of the main contributors. The paper deals with the dynamical interplay between photochemistry and photography and is of the greatest importence in applied photography. The later sections of the paper deals with the spectrum of the sun, Herschel's so-called thermographical representation of the spectrum of the sun (with description of the Actinograph, invented by him), rendering the heat radiation visible in the spectrum. This first importent spectrum is reproduced here on one of the plates (in stipple engraving). In this paper he introduces the photographical concepts 'positive' and 'negative' to express, respectively, pictures in which the lights and shades are the same as in nature, or as in the original model, and in which they are opposite.For this large paper John Herschel was awarded the Copley archives winners Prize for 1840."The object which the author has in view in this memoir is to place on record a number of insulated facts and observations respecting the relations bothof white light, and of the differently refrangible rays, to various chemical agents whic have offered themselves to his notice in the course of his photographical experiments, suggested by the announcement of M. Daguerre's discovery.....The terms "direct" and "reverse" are also used to express pictures in which objects appear, as regards right and left, the same as in the original, and the contrary....The principal objects of inquiry in the present paper...are the following. First, the means of fixing photographs, the comparative merits of different chemical agents...The means of taking photographic copies and transfers.....The preparation of photographic paper....The chemical analysis of the solar spectrum forms the subjects of the next section in the paper..."(Abstract).

Leipzig, 1858-62. 8vo. Bound in one nice contemporary half calf with gilt spine. A bit of wear to capitals and hinges, and front hinge slightly cracked at bottom, otherwise fine. Minor occassional brownspotting. A small stamp to title-page. XIV, 371, (1) pp. + 1 folded plate; XVI, 398, (1 - errata) pp. The scarce first edition of Curtius' magnum opus, a work of immense importance to the theory of the Greek language and one of the most important, influential, and useful works on the theory of language in general. "Nach den Ansichten Aller, auch der Gegner, gehören diese "Grundzüge" zu den werthvollsten und nützlichsten Werken der Sprachwissenschaft überhaupt" (Ernst Windisch in: Sebeok, Portraits of Linguists, I: p. 332).The work took Curtius about a decade to write, and the two volumes appeared with four years in between them. It is very rare to find any of the two volumes in the first edition, and both volumes in the first edition are almost never seen together. The work became immensely popular, and five editions appeared between this first and 1879. Georg Curtius (1820-1885) is one of the leading German classicists of all times. His writings were fundamental to the study of the Greek language and are among the most profound, influential and thorough ever written.Within the theory of language, one can hardly point to a work more generally influential than the present, which also excels in stringently and eloquently pointing out the connection between etymology and phonetics and proving that only through phonetics has etymology become a science.

Paris, Ex officina Roberti Stephani, 1543. 8vo. In later half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Previous owner's name to front free end-paper (Poul Rubow, Danish screenplay writer). Wormtract in lower outer corner, far from affecting text. Underlined and annotated in margin in contemporary hand throughout. (16), 352, (2) pp. One of the most important Renaissance editions of Sueton’s Twelve Caesars. ""In this edition, " says Ernesti, "Stephen first made use of the famous Memmian MS. which may be said to form the basis of the present general text of Suetonius."" (Dibdin II.440). In terms of the history of typography it also claims an important role since the types of Claude Garamond, here used in the italic, were to become dominant in France and to assume an important place in the typeface of the Western world. "Another early example of an edition of a Latin classic in Robert Estiennes new italic type. This has long been recognized to be one of the principal Renaissance editions of Suetonius' Lives of the Twelve Caesars, it was edited by Robert himself, who claims to have established the text with the help of a vetustum exemplar, which is believed to be the Codex Memmianus, our oldest and best MS of Suetonius". (Schreiber No. 71) The Twelve Caesars, is a set of twelve biographies of Julius Caesar and the first 11 emperors of the Roman Empire written by Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus. The group is: Julius Caesar (d. 44 BC), Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian (d. 96 AD).The work, written in AD 121 during the reign of the emperor Hadrian, was the most popular work of Suetonius, at that time Hadrian's personal secretary, and is the largest among his surviving writings. The Twelve Caesars was considered very significant in antiquity and remains a primary source on Roman history.Renouard, p. 58, No. 11.Schreiber, Estienne No. 71

Istanbul, Milli Egitim Basimevi, 1948 [Vol. 1 & 2] & 1955 [Vol. 3 & 4]. 8vo. 4 volumes in the original printed wrapper. Spines (especially on vol. 1 and 4) with wear and a bit of miscolouring, otherwise a fine and clean set. IV, 393, (8); (6), 340; 386; 415, (2) pp. Rare first Turkish translation of Adam Smith's landmark work "Wealth of Nations". Despite his indirect impact in the Ottoman intellectual sphere [the present work] was not translated into to Turkish until 1948. "The reason for not translating The Wealth of Nations in full was purely pragmatic and was simply caused by market conditions. Above all, the market for books was small due to very low literacy rate." (Kilinço?lu, Economics and Capitalism in the Ottoman Empire)"A 1881 Turkish translation of Wealth of Nations by Sakisli Ohanes is recorded by Vanderblue in 1936 as having been published in Constantinople, printed in 'old Turkish characters' , the modified Arabic-Persian script in use until about 1928. There is indeed a work by Sakizli Ohannes Pasha published in 1881 whose title translates as 'the science of the wealth of nations', but it is not a translation of Wealth of Nations. The book is a discussion of political economy in five parts - production, exchange, distribution, consumption and a conclusion; it is therefore recognizable as a work written more under the influence of Jean-Baptiste Say than Adam Smith, but given a title reminiscent of Smith all the same" (Mizuta, A Critical Bibliography of Adam Smith)Cheng-chung Lai, Table A18.

Lancaster, American Institute of Physics, 1948. Royal8vo. Royal8vo. In the original green printed wrappers. In "The Physical Review", Volume 74, Second Series, Number 10, November 10. With cloth back-strip. Wrappers bound 1 mm lower than book-block, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 1430-1438. [Entire volume: Pp. (1271)-1567]. First edition of Feynman's very first paper on quantum electrodynamics (QED), being one of Feynman's most important publications which pre-dates his work on Feynman diagrams by a year. Feynman, Schwinger and Tomonago shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles".

A La Haie, 1757. 12mo. Very nice marbled full calf with richly gilt spine. Gilt title-label to spine. All edges of boards gilt (gilding a bit worn). Marbled edges. Front and back end-papers with a few later annotations. Otherwise a very nice and clean copy. VIII, 278 pp. Rare first edition of one of Mably's most important works. "His principes des negociations, which was to serve as an introduction to the Droit publique [...] was a courageous attack on the foreign policies of the European powers, and a plea for more rational and honest methods, not only for the sake of justice and humanity, but because they are actually profitable." (Whitfield, Ernest A., Gabriel Bonnot De Mably, New York, 1969).Gabriel Bonnot de Mably ( 1709 - 1785), was a French philosopher and politician. He was one of the 18th century's most popular writers but largely passed into obscurity in the 20th century. His works contributed to the later concepts of both communism and republicanism. Some have enrolled him in the French School of Utopianism: "Here also is the beginning of the French School of Utopian Communism properly so called. The Abbé de Mably (1709-1785) merits attention for his singularly clear exposition of the fundamental doctrine of equality: "The sentiment of equality if nothing else than sentiment of our dignity; men have become slaves by letting it grow feeble, and only by revivifying it will they become free"." (Catlin, George. A History of Political Philosophers, London, 1950).More recent research suggests another approach to Mably's thinking: "Mably should be seen as neither a proto-socialist nor a reactionary thinker, but as a republican - a classical republican, in fact, whose writing represents a later Gallic contribution to the political tradition founded by Machiavelli and Harrington. He is not only interesting as the personification of the revolutionary spirit and as a level-headed reformer, but because he formulated principles which have since been either accepted or re-discovered." (Wright J. History of Political Thought, Volume 13, Number 3, 1992 , pp. 391-415).

(Petropoli (St. Petersbourg), 1750). 4to. Uncut, without wrappers. Extracted from "Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae", Tom. I. ad Annum 1747 et 1748. Pp. 245-266 a. 1 engraved plate (ad. p. 251). Clean and fine. First appearance of a groundbreaking paper in chemistry in which Lomonosov describes his discovery of the transition of a metal into passive state, and this is the first scientific description of this phenomena. He observed and described fast termination of the dissolution of iron in concentrated nitric acid, and attributed this to a change in the solvent properties."Lomonosov employed corpuscular mechanics in chemical explanations more extensively than Boyle had done. Treating chemical compounds as particles in adhesion, he held that "adhesion is eliminated and renewed by means of motion.....since no change in a body can take place withouy motion". He attempted to apply these theories to chemical phenomena - although he was limited to speculation- in papers on the action of chemical solvents in general.."(DSB VIII, p. 469)."Lomonosov was founder of Russian science, and he would be universally recognized as a great pioneer of science had he been born a West European. He was famous also for his literary works, including poems and dramas. In 1755 he wrote a Russian Grammar that reformed the language and in the same year he helped found the University of Moscow. In 1760 he published the first history of Russia."(Isaac Asimov).

Paris, Ambrose & Drouart, 1606. Folio (350 x 240 mm). 2 volumes uniformly bound in contemporary full vellum with tome-number in contemporary hand to spines. Bindings lightly soiled. Vol. 1 with oblong spot to upper two compartments of spine. Front free end-paper in vol. 1 closely annotated in contemporary hand. A few occassional marginal annotation in contemporary hand throughout. A fine wide-margined copy. (16) including the engraved title-page, 739, (37) pp.; (4), 670, (38) pp. Rare second folio edition, third overall, of Thou’s famous ‘History’ – a work that, uncommon for the period, was universal rather than national in scope and famously impartial in judgement. It kept being read intensively studied throughout the 17th and 18th century. “De Thou’s pride in the appearance of his library (…) extended, naturally enough, to his own works. Since the second edition of 1604 had been hurriedly printed in octavo, de Thou now brought out the first part of his ‘History’ in the properly elegant folio form again. He always had some copies printed on especially fine paper, partly for royal gifts. Thus, the almost silmultaneous appearance of the second and third edition editions, along with the reprint of the first part in folio form, may be due not so much to commercial demand as to the fact that the two editions were destined to different readers, the second to assiduous but penurious scholars, the third [the present] to that of aristocracy which prided itself on a show of learning” (Kinser, The Works of Jacques-Auguste de Thou). Kinser 3-I, 3-II

Kjøbenhavn, J. H. Schubothe, 1880. 8vo. Indbundet i et smukt samtidigt halvlæderbind med rygforgyldning og forgyldt rygtitelfelt. Fire ophøjede bind på ryg. Små rifter i ryg, samt en smule slid ved kapitæler og kanter. Hjørner stødte. Bogblok en smule skæv. Med egenhændig dedikation fra Bang til på smudstitelbladet: "Tante Jette / fra / Herman / d: 27.11.80." Ren indvendig. 601,(1) pp. Nydeligt eksemplar af den særdeles sjældne originaludgave af Bangs hovedværk, her med dedikation til 'Tante Jette'. Tante Jette, Henriette Mynster (1823-1894), var gift med Frederik Joachim Mynster, søn af biskop J. P. Mynster. Eksemplaret er sendt til 'Jette' på udgivelsesdagen, 27. november 1880. Kort derefter blev romanen beslaglagt: "Det hed, at Straffelovens § 184 blev anvendt paa "en Roman, der vel ikke kunde siges at være skreven med et utugtigt Formaal for Øje, men dog indeholdt en uforblommet Fremstilling af Handlinger, sigtende til sandselig Attraas Opvækkelse og Tilfredsstillelse." (Iversen, p. 31).

Paris, Michel Lévy Frères, 1863. Royal 8vo. Bound in a very nice contemporary red half calf with five raised bands to spine, blindstamped borders to compartments and gilt title. Light occassional brownspotting, but overall a very nice, clean and tight copy, in- as well as externally. With the half-title present ("Histoire des Origines du Christianisme. Livre premier"). (4), LIX, (1), 462 pp. + (1) leaf (colophon). True first edition of this seminal classic on the life of Jesus, which caused an immediate scandal when it appeared - Renan's masterpiece, which constitudes the first attempt to write a biography of Jesus the man and strongly puts forth the notion that the Bible too can be subject to historical investigation and critical scrutiny. The work enraged the Roman Catholic Church but was an immediate success in most of Europe. "In six months sixty thousand copies of the French edition had been sold and edition succeeded edition. Renan regarded the book as the first of a series on the "Origins of Christianity", which he continued with "The Apostles" (1866), "Saint Paul" (1869), "The Anti-Christ" (1873), "The Gospels" (1877), "The Christian Church" (1879) and "Marcus Aurelius" (1881) but none of these emulated the success of the "Life of Jesus"... Immediate success was partly a "succès de scandale" but this would not have kept the book alive. It is Renan's approach to the subject and his beautiful prose that gave it lasting eminence." (PMM 352). This groundbreaking work analyses the personality of the man Jesus, -a figure created by Renan out of his mind but based on historical sources. "It is a pastoral idyll with the central figure a gentle, albeit oracular visionary, his power to work miracles a part of his unique personality -the son of man, but not the Son of God... In this great work it seems clear that the audience he has found was the one he sought: the general reading public rather than the limited coterie of scholars; and there is no doubt of the fact or the degree of his success." (PMM 352). "C'est le livre plus célèbre d'Ernest Renan (1823-1892) et le premier volume de l'Hisoire des origines du Christianisme"... on peut considérer cette "Vie de Jésus" comme une oeuvre de vulgarisation: l'auteur cherche à déterminer ce qui, au point de vue "scientifique", est de créance dans la vie du Nazaréen?" (Laffont-Bompiani IV:681). Apart from causing a world-wide scandal, the work was also a world-wide success, and no matter how many harsh words can be said about the historical and religious contents of the work, there is no doubt about the fact that it influenced the destiny of Catholocism decisively and that it is a masterpiece of 19th century French literature. It is very elegantly written and is renowned for its description of the historical setting, charming descriptions of sceneries, its penetrating psychological analysis and its overall style and class. "Il faut ajouter que la "Vie de Jésus" compte au nombre des livres les mieux écrits de son temps; le charme de la peinture des paysages, le pittoresque géneralement exact des évocations historiques, l'analyse pénétrante de l'âme des personnages, des seductions du style enfin, n'ont pas été pour rien dans le succès universel de cette oeuvre." (Laffont-Bompiani IV:681). Ernest Renan (1823-1892) was a French philologist, philosopher and historian. His father died when he was aged five, and his mother wanted him to become a priest. Until he was about 16 years old, he was trained by the Church, but due to his investigative and truth-seeking nature as well as his studies (e.g. Hebrew), he was in doubt as to the historical truth of the Scriptures, and with the help of his sister he chose his own path in life. "He studied intensively the languages of the Bible and filled a number of minor academic positions, frequently encountering difficulties because of the heterodoxy and outspokenness of his religious opinions." (Printing and the Mind of Man 352). In 1840 he began studying philosophy and later philology, in 1847 he took his degree as Agrégé de Philosophie and became master at the Lycée of Vendome. After having returned from a mission to Italy in the year 1850 where he gathered material for his historical-philosophical masterpiece, "Averroës et l'Averroisme", he was offered employment at the "Bibliothèque Nationale" (at the manuscript department). In 1861 he was chosen to become professor of Hebrew at the Collège de France, but because the emperor refused to ratify the appointment (inspired by the Clerical party), he was not established in the chair untill 1870. In 1878 he was elected for the Academy. Renan is considered a scolar of the greatest excellence and an impressive writer.

Heidelberg, Muhr und Zimmer, 1807. 8vo. Uniformly bound in three recent card-board bindings with gilt lettering to spine. Spines with sunning. Ex-libris (Philosopher Carl Henrik Koch) pasted on to pasted down front front end-paper. Verso and recto of front and back free end-paper in vol. 1 closely annotated in contemporary hand. With light occassional brownspotting throughout, a nice set.(2), L, 347 pp.; 327 pp.; 392 pp. The very rare first edition of Fries seminal work on psychology. “In his earliest writings, Fries generally referred to the science of psychology as “empirical psychology”. However, by 1807, in Neue Kritik der Vernunft, he preferred to call his own psychology “philosophical anthropology” and in 1820, under the influence of G. E. Schulze, he changed the title of his psychology to “psychic anthropology”. In the second edition of Neue Kritik der Vernunft (1828-31), in which he again used the title of “psychic anthropology”, Fries explained why he had avoided the use of the term “psychology”: “Although this science is usually called psychology we will deviate from this terminology for several reasons. The word «psyche» (or soul) has been used in philosophy to designat the metaphysical, persisting, simple, and immortal essence of the spirit, and its use therefore''implies certain assumptions which we cannot now entertain. We are only concerned with developing a doctrine of the nature of the human soul based upon "inner experience”. Thus we will deal only with inner anthropology. In thus narrowing our scope to the human spirit, we arrive at the topic of empirical psychology, or psychic anthropology. But our present task differs from empirical psychology, which is an experimental physics of inner life (eine innere Experimentalphysik) which remains forever fragmentary. We will not be satisfied with such a science. We want to achieve a [unified theory of inner life, a doctrine of inner nature, which will provide for [the study of] our inner psychic nature what 'the philosophy of nature now provides for physics. This part of psychic anthropology we want to call philosophical anthropology (From the introduction to Vol. 1, p. 36). “Thus, Fries called his psychology “psychic anthropology” both to avoid the metaphysical assumptions of the old rational psychology and to indicate his dissatisfaction with the current « fragmentary » and mechanical empirical psychology. On the first account, in rejecting the old metaphysics of the soul, Fries accepted Kant's critique of rational psychology; on the second, in rejecting the merely empirical status of psychology, he disagreed with Kant's evaluation of the limited epistemological possibilities of psychology. Instead he maintained that psychology need not be “merely empirical”, that it can attain the true status of a science, and, in other words, that its phenomena can be rationally organized according to metaphysical criteria. Kant (1786; trans., 1970) had denied this possibility, claiming that the metaphysical principles of natural science were not applicable to psychology. Fries agreed that the principles which Kant referred to as “the metaphysical principles of natural science” could not be used in psychology, but he pointed out that these principles were really « metaphysical principles of outer nature », not natural science per se, and that another set of metaphysical criteria was possible.” (Leary, T he Psychology of Jakob Friedrich Fries (1773-1843): Its Context, Nature, and Historical Significance, p. 231)

Paris, January 1927. 8vo. Entire issue present, in the original printed wrappers, uncut. Wrappers a bit soiled, and first leaves of the entire issue with a few tears, far from affecting text, and a brown spot to first few leaves. Otherwise internally fine. Inner hinge weak. Pp. 26 - 39. [Entire volume: 70, (8), (1, -colophon) pp.]. The extremely scarce first printing, in German, of Sartre's third publication, "The Theory of State in modern French Thought". The work appeared simultaneously in German, French, and English, and all three publications are of the greatest scarcity. Contat and Rybalka were unable to find the French edition for the bibliography of Sartre's works and had to do with the English version. They state that the "Revue universitaire internationale" is not to be found anywhere, in no French libraries: "Il nous a été impossible de retrouver l'édition francaise de cette revue qui était publiée à Paris par la Fédération universitaire internationale simultanément en francais, anglais et allemand. Le titre de l'édition francaise est: "Revue universitaire internationale". Elle ne figure au catalogue d'aucune bibliothèque de France." (Contat & Rybalka).The present article is a brilliant and well founded essay of state theory by the 22 year old Sartre, published 16 years before his philosophical breakthrough, "L'Etre et le Néant" from 1943. Sartre was urged by his fellow opinionator Daniel Lagache to write the article. Lagache was the editor of the "Revue Universitaire Internationale", in which the article appeared. "Il s'agit d'une étude brillante et solidement documentée où Sartre, déployant la virtuosité intellectuelle d'un normalien bien entraîné, examine le philosophie du droit de quelques théoriciens francais du droit international, en particulier de Hauriou, de Davy et de Léon Duguit." (Contat & Rybalka).Contat & Rybalka 27/3.

Paris, Apud Michaëlum de Roigny, 1569. Small 8vo. Very nice recent half calf with five raised bands and gilt title to spine. Old owner's name to title-page (discreet). A nice and clean copy with only minor, very light soiling. Nice woodcut initials. 51 ff. Very rare first edition of this work on the freedom and immortality of the soul, by the father of the famous physicist and anatomist, Jean Riolan the Younger. Jean Riolan the Elder (1539-1605) was also himself a noted French anatomist and a leading member of the medical faculty of Paris. He fought against the novelties that entered the faculty due to Paracelsus and authored a number of works attacking the most famous of the scientists who were in favour of chemical means. Works by him are of great scarcity.The work, which is divided into three parts attacks the theories on the soul of Pomponazzi, Portius, Sepulveda, and Cardano, and as such it is an important document in the seminal controversy about the immortality odf the soul which dominated most philosohical thought of the Renaissance.We have been unable to find the work in any bibliographies.

Amsterdam, De la Compagnie, 1731. Small 8vo. Bound in 4 nice uniform contemp. full calf. Covers with panels, blintooled, Cambridge-binding style. Covers with gilt borders. Richly gilt spines. Title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. Minor cracks to upper fronthinge on volume one. Light wear to spineends on volume one. Engraved frontispiece. Title-pages in red and black. (2),XXII,(2);(8),292;(4),330,(24);(4),292 (wrongly 392) pp., 5 large folded engraved maps., 27 partly folded engraved plates. Small closed tear to one plate. Faint marginal browning. Some copies have the imprint, Paris, Osmont, 1730. Vols. III and IV relate almost entirely to the French possessions in South America, and are illustrated with D'Anville's maps. (Sabin, 38414).

(London, Harrison and Sons, 1878). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1877 - Vol. 167. Pp. 313-349. First appearance of Adams and Day's landmark paper, in which they demonstrated that electricity could be produced from light without moving parts, eventually leading to the modern solar cell. It is here that Adams shows for the first time that the discovery of Willoughby Smith - that the conductivity of selenium is due only to the effect of light - is correct and furthermore that light has an effect on the resistance of selenium and that light generates electrical currents in selenium. Two years later Adams expanded the work and published 'Solar Heat'. Here he described his "Power Tower Concept", which to this day remains the basis of solar plants.William Grylls Adams (1836 - 1915), professor of Natural Philosophy at King's College, London, and brother of the famous astronomer John Couch Adams (1819-1892), was President of the Physical Society of London from 1878 to 1880. In 1872 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1875 delivered their Bakerian Lecture. He was president of the Institute of Electrical Engineers and of the mathematical and physical section of the British Association.His greatest achievement lies in demonstrating the seminal discovery that electricity could be produced from light without moving parts. The road to this discovery was begun in 1839 when Becquerel discovered that illumination of one of two metal plates in a dilute acid changed the electromotive force. Another French scientist, Auguste Mouchout, followed up on Becquerel's discovery, but it was not until 1876, when Adams and Richard Evans Day discovered that illuminating a junction between selenium and platinum has a photovoltaic effect, that the foundation for the documented use of solar thermal power was laid [with the publication of the present paper]. "From a historical viewpoint, it is of interest to note that the first experiments on the generation of solar thermal power in India were conducted by an Englishman, William Adams, about one hundred years ago. Adams stayed in Coloba, Mumbai and performed his experiments in the compound of his bungalow. He used a sphecical reflector 12 m in diameter, made from sheets of glass mirror. The sun's rays were focussed on a boiler having a capacity of about 60 litres and the steam generated was used to drive a 2.5 HP steam pump. Adams's work is described in a book written by him entitled "Solar Heat - A Substitute for Fuel in Tropical Countries for Heating Steam Boilers and Other Purposes" (Education Society's Press, Byculla, Bombay, 1878)." (Sukhatme & Neyak, "Solar Energy. Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage", p. 48)"William Grylls Adams was and English scientist who taught as a professor in the department of Natural Philosophy at King's College. He is notable for his contribution to the discovery of the photoelectric effect, on which all solar energy applications are based. He was inspired by Auguste Mouchout's invention of the solar steam engine. With the intent of making improvements to Mouchot's design, Adams began to experiment with different materials and designs. In 1876, working in conjunction with his student, Richard Day, he discovered that selenium produced electricity when exposed to sunlight. Using the selenium, he then added mirrors to the design to concentrate sunlight on the engine. This design came to be known as the power tower concept and is still in use today." (Smith & Taylor, "Renewable and Alternative Energy resources: A Reference Handbook", 2008, pp. 1556-56).Wheeler Gift, No. 3856. - Shiers "Early Televison", no. 73.

København, Godiche, 1777-79. 4to. 3 samt. hellæderbd., ophøjede bind på rygge, rig rygforgyldning. Forgyldte titel- og tomefelter. Kobberstukket portræt af Hofman som frontispiece. 3 store kobberstukne titelvignetter. XX,193;(8),342;(12),401 pp. Rigt illustreret med kobberstukne portrætter, store vignetter, prospekter, våbenskjolde og genealogiske foldetavler. Indvendig frisk, trykt på skrivepapir. Enkelte spredte brunpletter. På forpermernes indersider et kobberstukket våbenskjold, kronet med 2 løver og 3 hundehoveder i skjoldet (?) og bagpermernes indersider stort kobberstukket våbenskjold Adam Comte Lewenhaupt Falckenstein. Første danske udgave, der udkom som en oversættelse af forfatterens "Portraits Historiques des Hommes Illustres... fra 1746. - Hofmans omgang i Paris med tidens fornemste bogkunstnere gav ham smag for den nye franske bogkunst og han knyttede mange af disse kunstnere til udgivelsen af værket med dets pompøse udsmykninger, således blev hans eget portræt, som indleder værket, stukket af den fremtrædende franske kunstner J.G. Wille. I værket redegøres for over 40 danske adelsslægter, Friis, Skeel, Rantzau, Thott m.v. samt fremtrædende personligheder så som Tordenskjold, og særligt må fremhæves afsnittet om Tycho Brahe, der ud over hans stukne portræt, indeholder kortet over Hven, prospekt af Uranienborg m.v.This fine work describes 40 noble Danish families and renowned Danes, among these Tycho Brahe and his family. There is a chapter on him, with his engraved portrait (1 engraved plate), a map of Hven (in the text) and illustrations of his observatories at the island Hven (2 engraved plates).

British Museum, 1894-95. Folio & 4to. Uncut in two contemporary half morocco bindings with gilt titles to spines. Folio volume: capitals with significant wear. Slight wear to outer hinges and edges of boards. Water stain to bottom of boards, slightly affecting the first five leaves. Internally clean. VII + 37 colored double-page lithographed plates. Text volume: five raised bands and gilt lines to spine. Upper edge of leaves gilt. Spine slightly rubbed, with some wear to capitals. Corners with significant loss of leather. Library stamps to inside of front board, front free endpaper, title page and contents page. Internally clean. CLV, 377 pp. Second edition of the plate volume together with the first edition of the text (as it is supposed to be), being the first collected edition of the magnificent British Museum's facsimile of the Papyrus of Ani. The first edition of the plate-volume appeared alone, without the text, in 1890, and in 1894, a second edition of the plate-volume was issued to accompany the first edition of the text. Thus, a uniform set of the entire work originally belonging together will be made up of a second edition of the plate-volume together with the first edition of the text-volume. Produced around 1250 BCE, the lavishly illustrated papyrus of Ani remains one of the most splendid examples of the Book of the Dead. Egyptians compiled an individualized book for certain people upon their death, called the Book of Going Forth by Day, more commonly Book of the Dead, typically containing declarations and spells to help the deceased in the afterlife. The Papyrus of Ani, which is now in the British Museum, is the manuscript compiled for the Theban scribe. "The scroll was discovered in Luxor in 1888 by Egyptians trading in illegal antiquities. It was acquired by E.A. Wallis Budge... Shortly after Budge first saw the papyrus, Egyptian police arrested several antiquities dealers and sealed up their houses, one of which contained the objects Budge had purchased from the dealers. Budge distracted the guards by offering them a meal while locals tunnelled under the house's walls to retrieve the objects, including the Papyrus of Ani. Stored in several custom tin boxes, the papyrus and other objects Budge had acquired were then smuggled to the principal librarian at the British Museum. Budge was afterward paid a 150GBP "gratuity" from the British Treasury on behalf of the British Museum for acquiring the papyrus."

Randers Elmenhoff, 1827. Indb. i fire næsten samt. ensartede brune hldrbd. m. røde forgyldte skindtitler på rygge og forgyldte tomefelter. M. titelblade og indholdsfortegnelser til alle fire bind. Titelbl. i bd. 1 m. hul, der går ud over bogstaverne "lme" i Elmenhoff, beskåret og repareret i margin. Indholdsfortegnelsen beskåret, repareret, opklæbet og m. mindre tab; første hæfte af bd. 1 ellers blot lidt tæt beskåret og brunplettet. De første tre blade af bd. 2 m. revne f.n., uden tab af tekst. Bd. 2 lettere brunplettet. De to hæfter af bind 3 i noget nydeligere stand, indb. m. begge orig. for- (August + September) og begge orig. bagosml. (m. indholdsfortegnelse til pågældende hæfte), omsl. dog noget nussede. Bd. 4 også i noget nydeligere stand, indb. m. de orig. foromsl. til alle tre hæfter (October, November + December) og de orig. bagomsl. til de to første hæfter (m. indholdsfortegnelse til det pågældende hæfte). Verso af sidste side m. "Rettelser til Nordlysetes 6 sidste Hæfter for 1827". De sjældne originaludgaver af 9 af de 12 hæfter, der kom i første årgang af Blichers berømmede tidsskrift "Nordlyset". Af den første årgang er kommet 4 bind med 3 hæfter i hvert. I alt udkom 12 bind med 3 hæfter i hvert fra 1827 til 1829. Langt størstedelen af bidragene er af Blicher selv, bl.a. findes hér nogle af hans mest berømte og skattede værker, såsom "Røverstuen" (2. bind, 3. hæfte), de første 4 samt 6. og sidste del af "Præsten af Wakefield" (2. bind, 1.,2. og 3. hæfte + 3. bind, 2. og 3. hæfte), samt det sjældne indlednings- og programdigt "Nordlyset" (naturligvis 1. bind, 1. hæfte).Bertelsen 12.Det er klart, at "Nordlyset" var mere end blot et tidsskrift, der skulle foreligge som det sekundære valg til Elmquists "Læsefrugter", som Blicher nyligt havde valgt ikke at bidrage til længere, da han ikke fik forhøjet betaling. "Nordlyset" skulle være et konkurrencedygtigt tidsskrift, og det skulle tiltrække læsere. Det er således morsomt at se, hvilken type læsere, Blicher henvender sig til i den første årgang af tidsskiftet (Indhold af den første hæfte: Nordlyset - Fruentimmerhaderen - Aline - Femten Fangers Flugt af Revolutionsfængslerne i Lyon - Scener af Bastillen - Den pavelige Soldat - Pierre la Grand, den første Flibustier - En Aftenunderholdning paa Dagbjerg Dos - Robin Hood - Baggesen); "Her var dog noget for enhver Smag, men især var der noget for Fruentimmernes Smag - for at tale i den Tids Sprog. "Fruentimmerhaderen" var i Virkeligheden en genial Titel, set fra et Reklamesynspunkt, thi det turde have været ligesaa uomtvistelig Kendgerning i 1827 som 90 Aar senere, at Kvinderne interesserer sig mindst ligesaa meget for de Mandfolk, der ikke kan lide dem, som for dem, der elsker dem." (Sørensen, Nordlys-Perioden i Blichers Digtning, p. 97).Tidsskriftet får da også ganske god medvind, og det er heri, vi finder nogle af Blichers vigtigste noveller. Det er nok også gennem dette tiddskrift, at man ser Blicher modnes til den ypperlige forfatter, vi kender ham som i dag. Gennem dette tidsskrift følger vi Blichers eksperimenteren med forskellige genrer og stilarter.