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Paris, Rapet & Cie, 1817-19. 18 volumes. With engraved title, 2 engraved portraits, and 336 engraved plates (221 plates in the 12 volumes, and 155 in the Suite). Some foxing to plates and text. Contemporary half calf, marbled covers, spine gilt, slightly worn, some joints cracked. 21 X 14 cm.

Argentorati [Strasbourg], Sumtibus Lazari Zetzneri Biblopolæ, 1611. Two parts bound in one volume. Title page with wood-engraved vignette + (8) + 353 + (61) p.; title page with wood-engraved vignette + (3)-113 + (2) + 1 blank p. Contemporary full vellum. 32 X 20 cm. Cracked inner hinges. Front outer hinge partly broken at top of spine. Old signatures. Stained on p. 118-119, 188, 327. P. 94-95 in the second part paginated doubly.

London, Methuen & Co. 1926 + 1928. First editions. XI, (5), 158, (2) pp. + X, (2), 178, (2) pp. With illustration by Ernst H. Shepard. In Publisher's luxury binding, full calf with gilt illustrations and decorations on spine and covers. Head and foot of spine with small damages, otherwise a very good set.

Recklinghausen, Aurel Bongers, 1977. 23x25. 18 leaves with text, nine full-page reproductions of compositions in black, grey and white, and two photos + nine double-folded thick paper leaves, each with one colour silkscreen plate. A very good copy in publisher's printed white boards. The nine silkscreen plates are reproductions of works from Albers's "Homage to the Square" series: Study to Homage to the Square - R-I d-5, 1969 / Homage to the Square - R-III a-4, 1968 / Study to Homage to the Square - blue + darkgreen with 2 reds, 1955 / Homage to the Square - Protected Blue, 1957 / Homage to the Square - Renewed Hope, 1962 / Homage to the Square - Grisaille and Patina, 1965 / Study to Homage to the Square - La Tehuana, 1951 - 1956 / Study to Homage to the Square - Yes Sir, 1955 / Homage to the Square - Selected, 1959. The other reproductions are from Albers's 'Transformation eines Schemas'. Introductory studies by Jürgen Wissman ('Homages to the square als Wechselwirkung der Farbe'; 'Strukturale Konstellationen als Mehrdeutigkeit der Linie'); poems and statements by Albers, biographical chronology, and catalogue of the reproduced works.

Complete issue 2 & 3 of volume 90 [1914] of Zeitschrift für Anorganische Chemie. 8vo - pp. 153 - 360, illustr. + 4 plates. Near contemporary grey cloth with spine label. Front cover bound in. Signature on top of front cover. The whole issue consists of eleven articles of which nine were written by W. Lawrence Bragg (1890-1971) or W. Henry Bragg (1862-1942) or both together. The remaining two were articles by Gustaf Tammann (1861-1938) and R. Grengg. The articles were translated by J. Koppel, Berlin, working at publishing house Leopold Voss in Berlin. The first one is; Die Beugung kurzer elektromagnetischer Wellen durch einen Kristall. (Pp. 153 - 168). The second one; Die Reflexion von Röntgen-Strahlen durch Kristalle, (Pp. 169 - 181). Die Reflexion von Röntgen-Strahlen durch Kristalle (II), (Pp. 182 - 184). The fourth one; Die Struktur einiger Kristalle, gedeutet nach ihrer Beugung von Röntgen-Strahlen. (Pp. 185 - 218). The fifth one; Die Struktur des Diamanten. (Pp. 219 - 234). The sixth one; Der Einfluss der Bestandteile des Kristalles auf die Form des Spektrums im Röntgen-Strahlenspektrometer. (Pp. 235 - 245). The seventh one; Die Analyse von Kristallen mit den Röntgen-Strahlen-Spektrometer. (Pp. 246 - 269). The eighth one; Die an Kristallen von Schwefel und Quarz entstehenden Röntgen-Strahlenspektra. (Pp. 270 - 276). The ninth one; Die Intensität der Reflexion von Röntgen-Strahlen an Kristallen. (Pp. 277 - 296). From the library of Assar Hadding (1886-1962), Swedish mineralogist, geologist and paleontologist, professor from 1934-51 at the Lund university. He was one of the pioneers of X-ray diffraction in Sweden working with minerals. He published X-ray studies on the feldspar group and made the first structural investigations on clay minerals and proved them to be composed of crystalline particles of a small number of minerals. The issue of Zeitschrift für Anorganischer Chemie contains his pencil notes, comments and figures mostly in the marginals of especially the first two articles. SBL Band 17 (1967-1969), p. 695 (Gerhard Regnéll). DSB II, pp. 397-400. DSB XV, pp. 61-64. P. P. Ewald (ed.) (1962) Fifty years of X-ray diffraction. André Authier (2013) Early days of X-ray crystallography.

(Uppsala, Eskil Mattsson), 1634. 4:o. (12),+ 87,+ (41) s. Titel tryckt inom ram. Enstaka äldre bläckunderstrykningar och marginalanteckningar. Titelbladet lätt lagat i innerkant. Marmorerat linneband, ryggen med brun skinnetikett (G. Hedberg). Ur Thore Virgins bibliotek, med hans namnteckning daterad 1928 och superexlibris på frampärmen, och ur Per S. Ridderstads, med hans namnteckning. Collijn 461f. Utgiven av Johannes Bureus med fina typografiska detaljer. ”Konnunga styrilse” är en medeltida furstespegel, dvs en uppfostringslära för en ung kung, och eventuellt författad för Magnus Eriksson ca 1330. Författaren är okänd och gissningar har gjorts på både Brynolf Algotson och Philippus Ragvaldi, men troligen är det en bearbetning av den italienska teologen och författaren Colonnas ”De regimine principum”. Manuskriptet kom till Bureus via Johan Skytte men stammar sannolikt ursprungligen från Vadstena kloster. Manuskript är idag försvunnet och tidigare har dess äkthet ifrågasatts men i och med fyndet av det så kallade ”Vadstenafragmentet” i Helsingfors senatsarkiv 1867 har dock verkets äkthet bestyrkts. I språkligt hänseende är denna rättsurkund av oskattbart värde och Henrik Schück har kallat Bureus utgåva för ”vår första egentliga textedition”. En ny upplaga trycktes 1650 och en ny edition utgavs av Schefferus år 1669. Exemplaret såldes på den första Thore Virgin-auktionen, där felaktigt kallad pappband (Libris 1975, nummer 176).

Stuttgart, Wittwer, (1895-98). 50x35. 4 pp + 100 coloured plates. Loose as issued in a printed half cloth portfolio. Lacks one of the plates (no. 80). A very attractive collection of coloured exterior perspectives, many supplied with with plans, interior renderings and details, of modern villas and residential buildings. Mainly by German architects, including eleven buildings designed by Lambert & Stahl, but there are also some examples from Italy, France, and England.

Kalmar, C. F. Berg & P. Ahlquist, 1822-27. 8:o. (6),VII,(1 blank),3-450,(12) s. & 2 litograferade plr, varav 1 utvikbar + utvikbar grav. front,298 s. & 14 grav. plr + (2),VII,(1 blank),3-272,275-320,(4) s. & 18 grav. plr. Sidorna 373-74 och 381-82 i del I är utvikbara tryckta tabeller. Tre svartstänkta bruna hfrbd från början av 1900-talet i gammal stil med guldornerade ryggar och brunröda titeletiketter i marokäng samt blåstänkta snitt (Fr. Ljunggrens bokbinderi, Göteborg). Ryggarna blekta mot ljusbrunt och obetydligt nötta. Alla delarna på blåtonat papper. Ett fåtal småfläckar. De två sista planscherna 31 och 32 har små lagade skador i övre hörnet och plansch 32 har kompletterat handskrivet planschnummer. Exlibris för Harald Thorsson och hans guldpräglade pärmexlibris på frampärmarna. Med Thulin & Ohlsons antikvariatsetiketter. Exlibris för W. Hallgren på försättsbladen. Mycket fin svit. Setterwall Svensk historisk bibliografi 6249. De graverade planscherna signerade C. P. Ringberg. Abraham Ahlqvist (1794-1844) var prost på Öland och författade förutom ”Ölands historia och beskrifning” några uppsatser med anknytning till öns historia och natur samt den öländska delen av Löfgrens herdaminne över Kalmar stift. Från 1825 var Ahlqvist ledamot av Götiska förbundet. ”Svenskt biografiskt lexikon” skriver att föreliggande arbete karaktäriseras av ”en ospard möda att samla alla till buds stående uppgifter, bland vilka aldrig någon detalj utelämnas såsom oväsentlig, samt noggrannhet vid begagnandet av källorna”. Harald Thorsson (1869-1944) i Göteborg var en av sin tids främsta boksamlare och hade ett mycket fint bibliotek med stora och välbundna avdelningar av bland annat bokväsen, svensk historia och topografi. Det såldes av Thulin & Ohlson i deras katalog 158 från 1945.

Leipzig, Gledischen, 1753-54. 4to. Bound in 2 contemp. full calf. Raised bands. Richly gilt spines. Tome-and titlelabels with gilt lettering. Wear to top of spine on vol. 2, foot of spine repaired. Stamp on title-pages. XX,236;(8),256 pp. + Register. 2 engraved titlevignettes, engraved vignettes and 52 large folded engraved maps and plans (38 + 14). Clean and fine. First German edition.

Firenze, M. Cellini, 1858. 8vo. In three uniform contemporary half vellum over marbled boards with black and red title label to spine amd gilt ornamentation. Occassional brown spots throughout, otherwise fine. XXVI, 383, (2) pp.; IV, 550, (2) pp.; IV, 498, (2) pp. First edition of Massei's important work which constitutes one of earliest attempts in Italy to link health problems and poverty. In the present work Massei examines the various health problems that can be linked to poverty, and proposes a number of remedies, chiefly linked to hygiene. He argues against the notion that almsgiving can provide a solution, proposing instead a system whereby municipal aid is offered in people's homes.Previously Massei had done extensive work on public education in Bologna, and was involved in a project to reform public charities in the light of the increasing numbers of poor people. His work with the Società agrarian of Bologna initiated much research on rural poverty and its causes.

Nürnberg, Christ. de Launoy seel. Erben (und) Winterschmidt, (1766-) 67. 4to. Bound in one contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Titlelabels with gilt lettering. paperlabels pasted on spine. Stamps on title-page. (30),318,(10);205,(7) pp., 36 folded engraved plates. The first 7 leaves slightly brownspotted, otherwise clean, occasional with marginal brownspots. First German edition.

London, 1755. 8vo. Bound in a very nice cont. full mottled calf binding with five raised bands to richly gilt spine. Front hinge a bit weak, upper capital w. minor loss. Internally very nice and clean. LXII, 390 pp. The rare first edition of Bonnet's important first work on psychology, in which he develops his views regarding the physiological conditions of mental activity and thus anticipates physiological psychology (biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience). Bonnet's movement or "vibration" model, which is presented in the present work for the first time, constitutes a much elaborated model of the internal representation of ideas that Newton had also discussed. His contributions to the field of neuro-psychology were highly original, and his theories which included the idea that the understanding of human (and animal) behavior presupposes knowledge of the nervous system and its functions caused quite a stir at the time of their appearance.With the present work, Bonnet became a pioneer in the study of the physiological bases of behavior, and his theories and experiments on the relationship between psychological and physiological processes were much ahead of his time."Bonnet is considered one of the fathers of modern biology. He is distinguished for both his experimental research and his philosophy, which exerted a profound influence upon the naturalists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. " (D.S.B. II: 286).After at the age of 26 having discovered the parthenogenesis of the aphid (plant lice), which established virginal generation, having written important works in the field of regeneration of rainwater worms, a groundbreaking work on insectology, which "entitles him consideration as an early exponent of experimental entomology" (D.S.B. II: 286), a work which established him as one of the first naturalists to investigate photosynthesis, and several other works of interest, the Swiss natural historian, biologist and philosopher Charles Bonnet (1720-1793) began concentrating on philosophy and methodology. "A true theoretician of biology, he exercised an enormous influence in this field and maintained a correspondence with almost all the scientists of his time. He published works that caused a considerable stir - among them "Essai de psychologie"..." (D.S.B. II: 286).

Schleswig, 1833-41. 10 cont.hcloth. Backs faded and slightly worn. Ab. 9.000 pp.

Giessen, Kriegerischen Buchhandlung, 1777-89 Bound in 11 contemp. full calf. Raised bands. Gilt spines. Titlelabels with gilt lettering. Light wear to lower compartments. Stamp on title-pages. 11 engraved titlevignettes. With 49 large folded engraved plates. Internally clean. Volume 12 was published 1795 after the death of Böhm by Carl Friedrich Haus.

Paris, Francois Buisson, 1812. Large 4to. (34 x 25 cm.). Contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. Wear to spine and some leather at upper part of spine gone. Taped at foot of spine. (4),11,(1-errata) pp. and 75 + 3 (extra) engraved maps, all handcoloured in outline. The three extra inserted are: France, Pologne, Confederation Germanique. Scattered faint brownspots to textleaves. Maps clean with faint scattered marginal brownspots. First edition. - Sabin, 44159.

Paris, Saillant & Nyon (et) Pissot, 1775. 4to. Contemp. full calf. Raised bands, richly gilt spine, titlelabel with gilt lettering. Stamps on title-page. XII,260 (incl. 2 folded tables),(4) pp., 3 folded engraved maps and 9 folded engraved plates. Internally clean, 3 plates with a faint dampstain. First French edition. "An importent addition to nautical science which does honor to its author. Besides of a journal of the voyage, it contains a descriptive catalogue of the natural productions of Spitzbergen." (Sabin). Phipps here mapped the northern part of Spitzbergen.Sabin,62574.

Berlin, Erich Reisz, (1922). Large 4to. (40,5 x 35,5 cm.). Uncut in contemp. full calf, raised bands. Broad inside gilt borders. Title with gilt lettering on frontcover. A few minor scratches to boards and edges with very light wear. (24) pp. of text in double-columns. and 6 original etchings, all signed by W. Jaeckel. Clean and fine. No. II of V copies "von den unverstählten Platten gedruckt und vom Künstler unterschrieben worden". Printed on heavy paper (Bütten-Karton). Total issue 100 copies. First edition. "Als elfter prospero=Druckwurde "Die Epistel St. Paul an die Römer" für den Verlag Erich Reisz bei Otto von Holten, Berlin, im frühjahr 1922 in einer Auflage von 100 nummerierten Exemplaren in der Handpresse gedruckt. dem text liegt die uebersetzung Luthers zugrunde. Die dem Werk beigegebenen Radierungen von Willi Jaeckel wurden von Alexander Rogall in Berlin abgezogen. Die Radierungen in Nr. I-V sind von den unverstählten Platten gedruckt und vom Künstler unterschrieben worden. Die Radierungen in Nr. 1-20 wurden gleichfalls sämtlich vom Künstler bestätigt. Die Exemplare Nr. 21-95 trägen je eine Unterschrift. Dieses is nr. II." (Colophon).

Berlin, J.A. Barth, 1907. 8vo. 2 issues, to both the original printed yellow wrappers. No backstrip. Wrappers loose. In: "Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 22", No. 1. and No. 4. Pp. 1-208, 1 fold. plate a. 1 portrait (P. Curie) a. pp. 609-800, 1 plate. (Entire issues offered). Einsteins paper: pp. 180-190 and p. 800. Astamp to verso of plates and a few leaves. THE PRINTED WRAPPERS LOOSE. First printing of a major paper in Quantum Theory, introducing the first systematic introduction of probability factors in Quantum Theory."From 1905 through 1909 Einstein published five major papers on the hypothesis of energy quanta, its theoretical implications, and its use in the explanation of various phenomena. Among these papers we have his importent paper "Die Plancksche..." and in his second paper from 1906d he asserted that Planck's derivation implicitly assumes quantification of the enrgies of charged oscillators. Now (in the paper offered) he returned to this question, showing that, if the structure function in phase space he had introduced earlier is assumed to restrict the oscillators to orbits with energies that are integral mulætiples of 'hv', then the average oscillator energy in a canonical ensemble yealds Planck's law, when substituted in eg. The works contains the first systematic introduction of probability factors in the mathematics of Quantum Theory." Weil: nos 15 (1-2 with an asterix, denoting a major paper). - Boni: 15.

Güstrow (Rostock), Johan Hallervords, 1634. Small 8vo. Later, modest clothbacked marbled boards. (16),223,(20) pp. Very light browning and a few scattered brownspots. One leaf (pp. 143/44) loosing part of margins, but no loss of text. Scarce first edition of an importent work on the borderline of chemistry and medicine. Osler states that he "was one of the founders of modern chemistry"."Sala (following Paracelsus) defined the Spagyric Art as that part of chemistry which has for its subject the natural bodies, vegetable, animal, and mineral, and such operations as tend to the end of rendering them useful in medicine.... its principal operations are separation, subtilisation, and sublimation." (Partington)."He was an able physician and an excellent chemist, an admirer and to some extent a follower of Paracelsus, an advocate of chemical remedies, an opponent of quackery, and he was able to judge fairly the merits both of the chemical and Galenic systems of medicine then in conflict. Concring calls him the first of the chemists who was free from triffling;... (Ferguson)."Considering his work as a whole, it is evident that Sala was above all a practitioner. In his view, demonstrations could be carried out only through manual operations (inventionibus manualibus), that is to say, only with the aid of experimental examples, which he clearly distinguished from argumentation. For him, chemistry was still a handicraft (ars)."(DSB).Ferguson II, p. 316. - Partington II, p. 277 (the second edition 1637). - Not in Neville, Not in Duveen.

[Stockholm], 1745. 8vo. Extracted from "Kgl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens handlingar", 1745, 6. In recent stiff paper wrappers. Uncut, nice and clean. Pp. 116-17. [Pp. 115-18 present]. Seminal first printing of the first actual description of (speech order) aphasia.Linné here describes the case of a patient of his, who suffered from gout, which in the fall of 1742 went to his brain instead of his feet. For the first time, we here find an actual description of speech order aphasia, as Linné states "... he seemed to be raving... he was sort of speaking his own language, having his own names for all words... He had forgotten all the nouns, so that he did not remember one single one; not even the name of his children, his wife or himself, let alone anybody else. And what was even more strange, if you mentioned something he wanted to say, he said yes; but if you asked him to repeat it he replied "can nothing", when he saw someone's name, he knew who it was, and when he wanted to mention one of his colleagues, he pointed to the Catalogum Lectionum, where the name was mentioned." Linné's conclusion is: "Thus, he had lost two things; first the memory of all nouns, and second, the ability to name the nouns." [Own translation from Swedish]. This condition lasted till about Christmas, and the following year, the patient died.The present work is highly interesting in more than one respect. Fist it is of great importance as being the first actual description of speech aphasia, and the first description of aphasia to be given accurately by a physician (vague descriptions of something that might be similar had occurred in blurred forms in the 16th century, and it may therefore be considered not quite accurate, when Garrison and Morton state of the present treatise "Aphasia first described"). The year before Linné's treatise, the great Enlightenment philosopher Biambattista Vico had reported the first known case of a verb production aphasia, and when Linné the following year describes the first reported case of impaired noun production, we actually here, within one year, establish an identification and documentation of both verbal- and noun- dissociation of lexical category retrieval, and thus the actual foundation of aphasia-research."Anomia, especially word-finding difficulty affecting nouns and other substantive words, was well documented before epochal observations of Paul Broca ushered in the modern era of aphasiology. A man who lost the "memory of all substantives" as well as the "power to name the substantives" was reported in 1745 by Linnaeus, the Swedish botany taxonomist." (Kirshner, "Handbook of Neurological Speech and Language Disorders, p. 166)."SPEECH DISORDER Aphasia was described by Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) in 1745 and the site of the lesion in the brain causing it was suggested by Jean Baptiste Boulland in 1825." (Sebastian, "A Dictionary of the History of Medicine").Apart from those two aspects of the present article, it also raises highly important questions within the fields of psychology, philosophy, linguistics, and logic. Aphasia raises essential questions about the relation between brain and language, a theme which has occupied almost all modern analytical philosophers and logicians (e.g. Wittgenstein etc.), and it thus plays an important role in the area of research of these disciplines.Garrison and Morton: 4616; Hulth: p. 44.

Lugduni Batavorum (Leyden), Elsevier, 1652 & Amsterdam, Janssonium, 1663. Folio. In contemporary full vellum with title in contemporary hand to spine. Small paper-label pasted on to spine. Light miscolouring to extremities, a few marks and spots to boards. Dampstain to upper margin, primarily affecting first 10 ff., otherwise a nice and clean copy. (40), 624, (12); (20), 307, (1), 151, (5) pp. Interesting sammelband containing the first edition of Cocceius’ commentary on the twelve minor prophets and the first edition of Baillie’s work on the chronology of Christianity beginning with Constatine the Great.

London, Geo. B. Whittaker, 1825. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. A few scratches to leather at hinge. Engraved frontispiece (View of Athens). XV,IV,167,175 pp. and 1 folded facsimile-letter. The half-title a bit browned, otherwise clean and fine. The scarce first edition.

Nürnberg, Johann Adam Stein und Gabriel Nicolaus Raspe, 1747. 4to (213 x 165 mm). In contemporary full calf with four raised bands and blind-stamped title and ornamentation to spine. Light wear to extremities. Title-page soiled and with professional repairs. Light occassional marginal brownspotting. A good copy. (14), 1078, (24) pp. + frontiespiece and 37 folded plates (numbered up to 38, wanting no. 36). Later, much enlarged edition, of Heister’s landmark work which is considered to be inaugurating scientific surgery in Germany. “It was the standard work on surgery in the eighteenth century, becoming one of the most translated, most used, and most respected text ever written, and was still used as a standard text at Vienna as late as 1838”. (Heirs of Hippocrates).“Heister was the founder of scientific surgery in Germany. His book contains many interesting illustrations and includes an account of tourniquets used in his time; Heister introduced a spinal brace. This was the most popular surgical text of the 18th century; it underwent numerous editions and translations.” (Garrison & Morton).Heister was the son of a lumber merchant who later became an innkeeper and wine merchant. He was educated at the Frankfurt Gymnasium and received additional private lessons in French and Italian. In 1702–1703 he studied at the University of Giessen and in 1703–1706 at the University of Wetzlar. When he left Wetzlar, Heister had completed the study of all subjects needed for the practice of medicine. Thereafter he went to Amsterdam, where he attended the botanical lectures of Caspar Commelin and the anatomical demonstrations of Frederik Ruysch. Amsterdam was at the time the world center for the study of exotic plants and one of the few places where anatomy could be studied by practical dissection. In July 1709 Heister rejoined the Dutch army, this time as a field surgeon during the siege of Tournai. Later he tended those wounded in the battles of Oudenarde and Malplaquet. On 11 November 1711 he was appointed professor of anatomy and surgery at the University of Altdorf, near Nuremberg. In 1720 Heister was appointed professor of anatomy and surgery at Helmstedt. Heister made many minor anatomical discoveries and corrected some faulty observations of his predecessors. While a field surgeon, he discovered the true cause of cataracts: an opacity of the crystalline lens, instead of a film over the cornea, as had been believed. His main significance, though, is as a teacher and author. In Altdorf and in Helmstedt he trained a large number of surgeons and physicians. “His books on anatomy, surgery, and medicine dominated the field for several generations, serving to educate thousands of surgeons and physicians throughout western Europe. Heister’s main work, the Chirurgie, which was originally written in German, was translated into seven languages, including Latin and Japanese. Although not the first European book on surgery to be translated into Japanese, it was certainly the most successful, introducing Western methods to many Japanese surgeons.” (Encyclopedia Britannica) Wellcome III, p. 237. Garrison & Morton 5576

Paris, Crochard, 1824. 8vo. Contemp. hcloth with gilt lettering to spine. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Series 2 - Volume 26. 448 pp. a. 5 large folded engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Ampere's papers: pp. 134-162, 246-258 a. 390-411. A bit of browning to halftitle and verso of last plate. A few scattered brownspots. The first paper is the first appearance of one of Ampere's importent contributions to electrodynamic. This memoir was later incorporated in his great memoir of 1827 "Mémoire sur la théorie mathématique des phénomenes electro-dynamiques....", published 1827, the "Principia" of electrodynamics.The second paper is the first appearence of the paper in which Ampere describes his invention of the SOLENOID, the electro-magnetic device he used in his early electrodynamical experiments."A solenoid is a coil wound into a tightly packed helix. In physics, the term solenoid refers to a long, thin loop of wire, often wrapped around a metallic core, which produces a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it. Solenoids are important because they can create controlled magnetic fields and can be used as electromagnets. The term solenoid refers specifically to a magnet designed to produce a uniform magnetic field in a volume of space (where some experiment might be carried out)."The volume contains further importent papers by Poisson "Sur la Chaleur rayonnante", pp. 225-246 + Note.. pp. 442-44, Gay-Lussac, Savart, Pelletier et Caventou, Becquerel etc.