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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn40401
Berlin, G. reimer, 1842. 4to. No wrappers. In: Crelle's "Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik.", 24. Band, zweites Heft., Titlepage to Zweites Heft and pp. 93-188 and 3 plates. Lobatschewsky's paper pp. 164-170. First edition and THE FIRST PRINTING of any part of Lobatschefskij's FIRST MAJOR work on geometry, as it is his own translation of the last to chapters of his "Geometriya" from 1823, a work which was never published in his lifetime. In its original form the "Geometriya" was published in 1909. - The geometrical studies which it contains, led Lobatschewski to his main discovery, the Non-Euclidean Geometry , published in Russian in Kazan 1829, and in it he developes the idea of geometry independent of the fifth postulate. The last two chapters of the unpublished work is offered here, and the chapters deals with the solution of triangles, on given measurements, and on probable errors in calculation, deaply connected to his attempts to establish experimentally what sort of geometry obtains in the real world. - "The period 1835 to 1838 saw him concerned with writing "Novye nachalaa geometrii s polnoi teoriei parallellnykh" (New Principles of Geometry with a Complete Theory of Parallels), which incorporated a version of his first work,the still unpublished "Geometriya". The last two chapters of the book were abbriviated and translated for publication in Crelle's Journal in 1842." (DSB)."Lobachevsky was interested in the theory of parallels from at least 1815. Lecture notes of the period 1815-17 are ectant, in which Lobachevsky attempts various waus to establish the Euclidean theory. he proves Legendre's two propositions, and employs also the ideas of direction and infinite areas. In 1823 he prepared a treatise on geometry for use at the university, but it obtained so unfavourable a report that it was not printed. The MS. remained buried in the University archives until it was discovered and printed in 1909. In this book he states that "a rigorous proof of the postulate of Euclid has nit hitherto been discovered; those which have been given may be called explanations, and do not deserve to be considered as mathematical proofs in the full sense."(Sommerville: The Elements of Non-Euclidean geometry. 1914).
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn59948
(London, L. Davis, 1756). 4to. In recent marbled wrappers. In "Philosophical Transactions", Volume 49, 1755. All leaves reinforced in margin. Fine and clean. (14) [Leaves of contents to to vol. 49] Pp. 82-93 First edition of Simpson’s landmark paper: "a milestone in statistical inference, as well as the earliest formal treatment of any data-processing practice" (Hook & Norman, Origins of Cyberspace). “Simpson was the first to attempt a mathematical proof of the law of large numbers; i.e., that the mean result of several observations is nearer to the truth than any single observations. A key feature of the paper was that Simpson chose to focus “not on the observations themselves . . . but on the error made in the observations, on the differences between the recorded observations and the actual position of the body being observed. . . [This] was the critical step that was to open the door to an applicable quantification of uncertainty” (Stigler 1986, 90-91). “Simpson was the first to characterize the errors in observations as independent events, taking positive and negative values with equal probabilities, and the first to provide a mathematical expression for the probability that the error in the mean result will lie between assigned limits” (Origins of Cyberspace, no 16.) Hook and Norman, Origins of Cyberspace, no. 16
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn39129
Berlin, Uppsala & Stockholm, Paris, Almqvist & Wiksell, 1902-1904. 4to. Bound in 3 contemp. hcloth. A small nick to top of spine on one volume. Stamps on titlepages (Carl Zeiss Jena). (6),400;(8),389;(8),394 pp. a. 1 letter in facsimile. (= Acta Mathematica Bd. 26, 27 and 28). Internally fine and clean. First printing of this series of important papers by leading mathematicians from all over the world, commemorating Abel in the 100-year of his birth, by presenting works of their own which are inspired by Abel or as continuations of Abel's works.The contributors are: Poincare (Sur les Fonctions abélienne), Hilbert (Über die Theorie der relativ-Abel'schen Zahlkörper), Hurwitz, Noether, Darboux, Picard, Fuchs, Minkowski (Úber periodische Approximationen algebraischer Zahlen), Mittag-Leffler, Appel, Painlevé (Sur la Fonctions qui admettent un théoréme d'additation), Liouville (Sur une équation différentielle du premier ordre), Volterra, Goursat, Hadamard (Deux theoremes d'Abel sur la convergance des séries), Borel, Pringsheim, Boutroux, Markoff and many others. In all 54 papers by 54 authors.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn49355
London, Cambridge University Press, 1928. Royal8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In "The Biochemical Journal", Vol. 22, 1928. Entire issue offered. Wrappers with nicks and ligt overall soiling. A tear to last 7 leaves. Internally fine and clean. Pp. 1387-1409. [Entire issue: Pp. (8), 1341-1575, (2), XIV, (1).]. First printing of Szent-Györgyi's landmark paper in which he for the first time discovered and isolated "hexuronic acid" or "ascorbic acid", today commonly known as vitamin C. In 1937 he was awarded the Nobel in Medicine "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"."Szent-Györgyi is most notably associated with the discovery of vitamin C. The discovery of vitamins themselves was recognized in 1929 in a Nobel Prize to Christiaan Eijkman and Gowland Hopkins. The search for vitamin C was then well underway in several labs. Ironically, the compound had already been isolated by Szent-Györgyi. Though no one-not even Szent-Györgyi-yet knew its identity." (DSB). "In 1928 Szent-Györgyi had proposed that hexuronic acid, a highly reducing substance that he had isolated from oranges, cabbages and adrenal glands, was responsible for the anti-scurvy properties of fruit and vegetables, that is, that hexuronic acid was vitamin C. Zilva disagreed, citing work that he had done showing that vitamin activity and reducing power were independent of one another. There the matter lay for four years until, in 1932, Szent-Györgyi, carried out experiments to see whether hexuronic acid would protect guinea pigs from scurvy [which it indeed did]". (Smith, Nutrition in Britain, P. 45). At the same time, for five years King's laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh had been trying to isolate the antiscorbutic factor in lemon juice using the original 1907 model of scorbutic guinea pigs which developed scurvy when not fed fresh foods but were cured by lemon juice. They had also considered hexuronic acid, but had been put off the trail when a coworker made the explicit (and mistaken) experimental claim that this substance was not the antiscorbutic substance. Finally, in late 1931, Szent-Györgyi gave Svirbely, formerly of King's lab, the last of his hexuronic acid with the suggestion that it might be the anti-scorbutic factor. By the spring of 1932, King's laboratory had proven this but published the result without giving Szent-Györgyi credit for it, leading to a bitter dispute over priority claims.Garrison & Morton 1059
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn59965
(Ankara, Sol yayinlari, 1970). 8vo. In the original blue printed wrappers. Light wear to extremities. Small white paper label pasted on to back wrapper. Internally fine and clean. 469, (3) pp. (with the genealogic tree included in the pagination). First Turkish translation of The Origin of Species, translated by Öner Ünalan from the sixth London edition. Ünalan, fluent in English and German, was assisted in this translation by an unspecified German edition. "Ünalan was well known for his translations of Einstein, Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Fidel Castro. "(Darwin-Online).Freeman F796.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn62629
København (Copenhagen), Philipsens Forlag, 1887. Lex8vo. Contemporary brown half calf with gilt ornamentation to spine. Spine worn, mostly at hinges and capitals, but binding fine and tight. Corners and edges with wear. First quire brownspitted, otherwise ownly light occasional, scattered brownspotting. Old owners' names to front free end-paper and to top of title-page respectively. (6), VIII, 417, (1) pp. Scarce first edition of the work in which a welfare principle is presented for the first time, laying the groundwork for the welfare state as we know it today. Høffding’s “Ethics” came to have a profound impact upon European politics and philosophical ethics of the Positivist era and directly influenced the development of the Scandinavian welfare state. “[I]t was Høffding who was the first in the world to work out a welfare-principle, namely in his “Etik” (Ethics) in 1887. Today, Høffding is not widely known, but in his lifetime and up to the 1950ties he was an internationally famous philosopher, whose works were translated into many languages and who was several times nominated for the Nobel Prize.” (Andersen, A.T.: The Dialogic and Religious Theme of Welfare in Harald Høffding…, p. 104). “Etik” constitutes an ethical system. Høffding discusses the principal questions in order to develop a scientific ethics, or a moral science if one will, analyzes the ethical principles that are expressed in ethical assessments, and on the basis hereof develops an individualistic and a social ethic that was way ahead of its time, but which found great resonance within the reading public. The book had an enormous impact. It appeared five times in Høffding’s life-time, sold extremely well, and was quickly translated into German and French – “Denmark had gotten its first internationally known and acknowledged philosopher, several decades before Kierkegaard had his breakthrough on the international scene.” (Koch, Dansk filosofi i positivisments tidsalder, p. 41 – translated from Danish). “Høffding became a mentor to many – not least because of the humanity that marks this book [i.e. Ethics] and because of the well-balanced treatment it gives of the social and political questions of the time, of the relationship between the sexes and between church and state, just to mention a few of the “important life conditions” it deals with. Students in personal crisis contacted him, and people in difficult circumstances wrote to him for advice. Not least because of his ethical view, he came to appear as the old, wise man of the nation… His influence in the neighboring countries was also great. For instance, his ethical considerations in the years around 1900 came to play a significant role for the young Swedish social democrats and for their conception of a coming welfare state.” (Koch, Dansk filosofi i positivisments tidsalder, p. 60 – translated from Danish). “Harald Høffding, the Danish philosopher and historian of philosophy, was born in Copenhagen and lived there throughout his life. From 1883 to 1915 he was professor of philosophy at the University of Copenhagen. Høffding received a degree in divinity in 1865, but he had already decided not to take orders. A study of Søren Kierkegaard's works, and especially of his views on Christianity, had led to an intense religious crisis ending in a radical break with Christianity. Høffding sought in philosophy a new personal orientation and gradually developed into an extraordinarily many-sided liberal humanist. His philosophical development was influenced during a stay in Paris (1868–1869) by the study of French and English positivism… his activity as a scholar ranged over every branch of philosophy, including psychology. His works display a vast knowledge, a keen eye for essentials, and a critically balanced judgment. They were translated into many languages and widely used as textbooks. By the turn of the twentieth century Høffding's reputation was worldwide and he knew personally many leading thinkers. He was the outstanding Danish philosopher of his day, and in 1914 the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters assigned him the honorary residence of Gammel Carlsberg, where he lived to the end of his life. The residence later passed to the physicist Niels Bohr, a younger friend of Høffding.” (Frithiof Brandt, Encyclopaedia of Philosophy). “The Danish philosopher Harald Høffding was the first in the world to work out a welfare-principle. He expressed a dialogic and democratic standpoint, a fellowship and an ideal concerning equality, and consequently a distinct philosophical basis for the realization of the formation of the welfare state.” (Andersen, A.T.: The Dialogic and Religious Theme of Welfare in Harald Høffding…, p. (103).).
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn53829
London, J. Mawman, 1815. Later hcalf. Raised bands, titlelabel with gilt lettering. Small stamp on title-page and the first leaves. (4),171,(3) pp. Faint marginal brownspots, wide-margined copy. Some contemporary reviews from newspapers bound in. At end a catalogue, 7 pp. from the publisher Gale, Curtis, and Fenner. First edition. Giving the results of the author's voyages in Greenland Sea as ship surgeon on whalers in 1806 and 1807. He describes the ice conditions, the walrus, seal, polar bear, reindeer, arctic fox and few of the birds near West Spitzbergen; also the whaling methods. (Arctic Bibliography, 9582).
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn60619
Wittenberg, Crato, 1573. 4to. Contemporary full blindstamped pigskin over wooden boards. Four raised bands to spine. Brass clasps to boards. Handwritten title to spine and small white paper label pasted on to upper part of spine. Richly ornamented blindstamped borders to boards, with scenes from the bible in the centre of front and back board. Corners and extremities a bit worn and miscoloured, but binding overall in good condition. Front blank leaf detached and previous owner's name to title-page in contemporary hand. A few leaves with underlignings in text. Last 50 ff. with worm-tract in margin, not affecting text, otherwise in very good condition. (16), 910 pp. A fine copy of the first edition of Moller’s commentaries on the psamls of David, published the same year as he was awarded the rectorship in the Wittenberg Academy. After initially receiving school education in his birthplace, he enrolled at the University of Wittenberg on June 14, 1546. He came into contact with Philipp Melanchthon, who primarily guided him in his preferred studies of oriental languages. The following year he enrolled at the University of Rostock. Back in Wittenberg, he acquired the academic degree of Master of Philosophy on February 24, 1551 and was accepted into the teaching staff of the philosophical faculty on July 7, 1554. At Melanchthon's efforts, after Paul Eber resigned from his professorship of Hebrew at the philosophy faculty, Moller received the position of professor of the Hebrew language at the University of Wittenberg. At the philosophical faculty he took over the deanship in 1562 and held the rectorship of the academy in 1573 and the equivalent vice-rectorate in 1565. He also became an assessor at the Wittenberg consistory in 1573. Moller was drawn to theological studies; he was listed as a theologian as early as 1561 and read about the minor prophets from the original text of the Bible. When in 1574 at the state parliament convened in Torgau the disputes between Philippists and Gnesiolutherans were decided in favor of the latter through the Torgau Articles, Moller and other Philippists refused to sign. He was then imprisoned in Wittenberg, Torgau and Leipzig and finally expelled from Electoral Saxony. On August 8, 1574, he returned to Hamburg and pursued both theological and medical studies. This enabled him to work as a doctor, which he continued until his death from a stroke. Not in Adams.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn16744
Dresden, Arnoldischen Buchhandlung, 1825-31. Uncut in 8 orig. blue boards. Printed on good paper. A wormtrack on cover of volume IV:2, only effecting cover and halftitle. With all 13 folded engraved plates, showing chemical apparatus. Titles with rubber-stamps. This German translation of Berzelius main work contains many additions by the author not found in the swedish original. "Berzelius's work on the science of Chemistry in general is universally known. He mastered the whole of Chemistry as no one else has ever done since his time, and he created something new in all the spheres in which he worked."
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn61478
London, 1730 (+) London, Francklin, 1730 (+) London, Robert's, 1730 (+) London, Francklin,1730 (+) London, 1729 (+) (London), 1729. 8vo. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Edges of boards gilt. Gilt Super ex-libris to both front and back board. Ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Parts of gilting on spine worn off. Hole in the leather to front board, affecting the super ex-libris. A good copy. 55, (1), 36, 32, 34, (2), 29, (1), 23 pp. A highly interesting sammelband with six works all dealing with the Treaty of Seville, formally ending the 1727–1729 Anglo-Spanish War. This treaty was a significant diplomatic agreement between Great Britain, France, and Spain that aimed to resolve ongoing conflicts and tensions among these powers, particularly concerning territorial disputes and trade relations in Europe and the Americas. The treaty was signed on November 9, 1729."In 1727 Spain, with Habsburg support, began a siege of Gibraltar, held by the British since 1704. It was not pressed with much vigour and an armistice was agreed in 1728. By the treaty of Seville in 1729 Spain restored Britain's commercial concessions while Britain agreed to support Spanish claims in Italy." (Oxford Reference). The Free Briton Extraordinary "is a reply to William Pulteney’s anonymous “A Short View of the State of Affairs,” our no. 80700, vol. 19. The latter pamphlet has been confused frequently with another with a similar title, also printed in this controversy, by “Caleb D’Anvers of Gray’s-Inn, Esq.” and which has the half title, “The Craftsman’s Observations on the Peace, &c. and the Answer.” Nicholas Ambhurst, as editor of the political journal, “The Craftsman,” used the pseudonym “Caleb D’Anvers.” This journal published anonymous pieces of Bolingbroke and others.” (Sabin 101167) Sabin: 101167; 80700; 101147
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Fixation des images qui se forment au foyer d'une chambre obscure. (Seance du Lundi 7 Janvier 1839).
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn49478
Paris, Bachelier, 1839. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome VIII No. 1. Pp. 1-36. (Entire issue offered with htitles and titlepages to volume 8). Arago's paper: Pp. 4-7. Light toning to halftitle. Stamps to title-page (one punched in lower margin). Fine and clan. First printing of the first announcement and description of the production of Daguerreotypes made by Arago to the French Academy on January 7, 1839. The first complete report was printed on August 19, 1839. The presentation by Arago preceeded Daguerre's own publication "Historique de description des procédés du daguerreotype et du diorama", (1839)."Arago, himself a chemist and a member of the Chamber of Deputies, made a brief pronouncement on Daguerre's proces in the Chamber on 7 January 1839 (the paper offered). and in the following August printed the full text of his report thereon made to a joint sesion of the Chambers of Deputies and the Academy of Sciences."(PMM: 318 (Note to).
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn51680
(Edinburgh and London ?), (1778). Large 4to. (32 x 24,5 cm.). Contemp. hcalf. Raised bands. Title-label with gilt lettering. Top of spine lacks ca. 1 cm. of leather, bottom of spine ca. 1/2 cm. Spine rubbed, wear along hinges. Old owner inscription on top of title-page. Ex Libris Scholae Regis Edinensis. Engraved title-page and 23 double-page (numb. 1-23) and all with original handcolouring. The map of the world (2 hemispheres): printed size 25 x 46 cm. (sheet: 31 x 48,5 cm.). Printed on heavy paper, verso blank, all clean and fine. First edition. Not in Shirley. The copy described by Shirley I, T.YOU - 1 a, having another imprint dated 1782. All the maps in our copy is signed "Published as the Act directs 1st July 1778". Shirley mentions that the Atlas was doubtless intended for educational use.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn60677
Stockholm, Lars Salvius, 1764. 8vo. In recent half calf with gilt lettering, endpapers renewed. Marginal repairs throughout (primarily to title-page), no loss of text. (2), 363, (11) pp. First edition in book form of this seminal treatise on paediatrics. “Sir Frederic Still considered this work ‘the most progressive which had yet been written;’ it gave an impetus to research which influenced the future course of paediatrics. Rosen was particularly interested in infant feeding. The Underrattelser were originally published in the calendars of the Academy and were later collected and issued in book form in 1764” (Garrison-Morton). It is widely recognized as the inaugural textbook of pediatrics. "In 1764 a very important work on the diseases of children and their treatment was published in Stockholm by a physician who had already become famous” (Still). The book addresses various subjects such as smallpox, smallpox inoculation, teething, measles, breastfeeding frequency, and the impact of breastfeeding on infant health. It displayed foresight as it recommended feeding young children diluted cow's milk through a sucking bottle, and advocated for covering children's food to prevent insect contact, emphasizing other hygienic precautions. Nils Rosén's insights extended to accurate descriptions and prescriptions for scarlet fever, whooping cough, diarrhea, and other illnesses. Nils Rosén lived and worked during a period when Sweden struggled with poverty, a low average life span, and a child mortality rate exceeding fifty percent. In 1753 Rosén initiated the publication of articles in small almanacs by the Royal Academy of Sciences. These articles covered children's diseases, breastfeeding, nursing, and preventive medical treatments, presenting novel findings from empirical research. Eventually compiled and edited, these articles formed the basis of the present book. An improved and expanded edition followed in 1771. The book achieved widespread influence, translated into numerous European languages and becoming the most widely disseminated Swedish textbook globally. Over the 18th and 19th centuries, it underwent twenty-six editions in ten different languages. Anders Sparrman, one of Linné's 'apostles,' translated it into English during a circumnavigation with Captain James Cook on The Resolution (1772-75). Garrison-Morton 6323Norman 1849Waller 8215
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn60926
Kjøbenhavn (Copenhagen), Sebastian Popp, 1796 - 99. 8vo. Bound in three uniform contemporary half calf bindings with gilt title- and tome-labels to spines. Spines with some wear, but overall nice and tight. Internally very nice and clean. Printed on good paper. Contemporary owner's inscription to front free end-papers. XXX, (2), 336 pp. + (8), 346 pp. + (2), 368 pp. + 372 pp. + XXVI, 352 pp. + 324 pp. Rare first edition of the first Danish translation of Rousseau's monumental work (Emilius, or an Essay on Education), being one of the absolutely most important and influential works on education. Virtually no work has had as great an impact on paedagogics as this one. Being one of the most influential thinkers of the 18th century, Rousseau is considered one of the indirect causes of the French Revolution. In Rousseau one certainly finds one of the most influential spokesmen for 18th century thought, and it is primarily the thoughts of him and Voltaire that are put into action with the Revolution. Not only in France can the effects of his philosophy and thoughts on upbringing and education be clearly seen; -his ideas were of decisive character to the generation of artists, writers, poets, philosophers etc. in the beginning to middle of the 19th century, which seminally affects Danish thought, as it is in this period that our most important and famous cultural personas are being influenced (e.g. H.C. Andersen and Søren Kierkegaard); thus this first Danish translation is of great importance and interest. In Danish literature there is talk about the Rousseauan spirit, and it is in this spirit that the entire literary production of H.C. Andersen can be viewed, -directly or indirectly. Rousseau's three main thoughts in Émile - on the childlike, on the natural and on simple religious faith - fits like a glove on the main messages and morals of H.C. Andersen's works.Søren Kierkegaard is known to have owned a copy of Rousseau's Émile in French as well as a copy of this first Danish translation (see "Auktionsprotokol over Søren Kierkegaards Bogsamling" no. 941-43). As opposed to H.C.A., though, the philosophy and educational program of Rousseau does not correspond with the Christianity of Kierkegaard, who, however, quotes and comments on Rousseau and his writings on several occasions in his diaries.In Émile, Rousseau poses an entirely new approach to education and the upbringing of children. His thoughts were exceedingly controversial, the work was burnt by the executioner immediately after its first appearance and Rousseau had to flee the country due to a warrant for his arrest. There is no need to say that these new thoughts were also widely influential on Danish thought, and this especially after the appearance of the Danish translation (34-37 years after the French original). Not only Kierkegaard and H.C.A. were influenced by this great thinker, so were the likes of Ingemann, one of our greatest poets."The first and last of these (i.e. Héloise and Émile), with their sentimental expression of deism, gave much offence, and Rousseau, like Voltaire, was forced to flee to Prussia. Restless and locally unpopular, he fled again to England, where he had a great welcome. Hume, who had offered him asylum, looked after him patiently..." (PMM 207, Printing and the Mind of Man). Bibliotheca Danica IV:1004.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn14888
(Kbhvn., G.L. Lahde, 1805). Tvær-folio. Smukt nyere hldrbd. i brun oaseged. Rygforgyldning. Stregforgyldning. Indeholder 12 kobberstukne prospekter med københavnske motiver, pladser m.v. fra Bruuns "Novus Atlas Daniæ", som af Lahde blev genudgivet under denne titel og trykt med de originale kobberplader. Titelblad og indholdsfortegnelse samt beskrivelse til hver planche på dansk og tysk. Fint frisk eksemplar.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn60655
Kiøbenhavn, Gyldendal, 1787. 8vo. Uncut in a recent full green calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. A good copy. (12), 186, LXIV, 221, (3), 141 pp. Rare early Danish work containing a compilations of various works on the Middle East by Harmar, Niebuhr, Forsskäl and Björnstähl primarily with a focus their contributions in relation to Biblical studies – all works being forerunners of modern bible science that would begin to emerge a few decades later. Also contained in the present work is, what presumably is, the first Danish translation of any part of Johann Michaelis ‘Fragen’ – his publication with 100 question which were the foundation of the famous Niebuhr-expedition. OCLC only list two copies, both in Denmark.
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn51948
Paris, Dunod, 1871-79. 8vo and Large 4to. Textvols bound in 18 contemp. uniform hcalf with gilt spines. A paperlabel pasted to top of spines. Atlasvols. bound in 12 contemp. uniform hcalf with gilt spines. A paperlabel pasted to top of spines. Stamps on title-pages. With numerous double-page and folded lithographed plates.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn44144
Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, 1863 a. 1864. Boundin 2 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spines, raised bands, light wear along edges. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique", 3e Series - Tome 68 a. 4e Series, tome 1. 512 pp. a. 5 large folded engraved plates. + 512 pp. a. 3 large folded engraved plates. Kirchhoff's papers: pp. 5-45 a. pp. 396-411. 5 plates belongs to K's papers, 4 showing spectra and 1 plate (double page) depicts the famous spectroscope invented by K. and used by K. and Bunsen in their importent analysis of the spectra of the elements. First edition in French of Kirchhoff's milestone papers on the interpretation of the dark D lines - noticed by Fraunhofer in 1814 - in the spectrum of the sun, the papers that inspired Max Planck to his theory of quanta (1900). The papers are the French translations of his papers published in Abhandl. d. königl. Akad. d. Wissenscchaften in Berlin in 1861 and 1862.In the course of his preparatory work in the autumn of 1859, Kirchhoff made an unexpected observation. It had long been known that the dark D lines, noticed in the solar spectrum by Fraunhofer (1814), coincided with the yellow lines emitted by flames containing sodium.....Kirchhoff's unexpected discovery was that if the intensity of the solar spectrum increased above a certain limit, the dark D lines were made much darker by the interrposition of the sodium flame. He instantly felt that he had got hold of "something fundamental", even though he was at a loss to suggest an explanation. On the day following the surprising observation, Kirchhoff found the the correct interpretation, which wass soon confirmed by new experiments: a substance capable of emittiing a certain spectral line has a strong absorptive power for the same line....The dark D lines in the solar spectrum could accordingly be ascribed to absorption by a solar atmosphere containing sodium. Immense prospects thus opened up of ascertaining the chemical composition of the sun and other stars from the study of their optical spectra. A few more weeks sufficed for Kirchhoff to elaborate a quantitative theory of the relationship between emissive and absorptive poweer."(DSB VII, pp. 381-82).PMM, 278 b. - Barchas, 1169-70 - Sparrow, 117 - Horbli, 59 - Dibner, 153 (the note).
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Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn60921
Argentorati (Strassburg), J.G. Bauer, 1767. 8vo. Nice contemporary half calf with five raised bands and gilt lines to spine. Wear to spine and capitaks and slightly split at hinges, but still tight. A bit of brownspotting throughout. Smukt velbevaret samt. hldrbd. med ophøjede bind, rig rygforgyldning og skindtitel. XVIII, 238, (22) pp. + two folded engraved plates (one being the folded map of Furesøen, Lyngby-og Bagsværd Sø). The very rare first edition of Müller’s floral magnum opus, which according to his own statements contains a description of all known plants in Denmark, of which Müller prides himself with having discovered and described no less than 300. Müller participated in the production of the monumental “flora Danica” with its magnificent plates of all Danish plants, but the present work is the only work of botany that he himself published, namely of the flora of the Schulin Estate. “Otto Friedrich Muller (1730-1784) was born in Copenhagen, the son of the court trumpeter, a German man who had moved to Denmark. With a ready and lively intelligence, he received an excellent education; admitted to the University of his hometown at the age of 18, according to the custom of the time he initially studied theology (the Danish university had only three courses of study: theology, law, medicine), then moved to law; he had excellent skills in various fields, including music. However, he did not graduate, because for economic reasons in 1753 he abandoned his studies to enter the service of the Schulin family as a tutor to the heir of the house, who was orphaned at an early age. He lived with the Schulin for about twenty years, mostly on their Friedrichsdalin estate, near Copenhagen. Beginning in 1758, using Linnaeus' books, he began to study natural sciences as a self-taught student, both out of passion and to teach his pupil. Starting in 1761, he procured a microscope. His first scientific publication was a catalogue of insects from the Schulin estate, Fauna insectorum Fridrichsdalina (1764). Between 1765 and 1767, during a trip to Europe with his pupil, he visited many countries in central and southern Europe and was able to attend scientific circles, making contacts and lasting friendships. A man of the world, well accustomed to courtiers since childhood, through a strategy of targeted promotion (knowledge of eminent scientists, publication of previous works in support of his candidacy) he managed to be admitted into many European scientific societies. A Strasbourg published his only work of botany, a catalogue of the flora of the Schulin estate, Flora Fridrichsdalina (1767). During the journey, thanks to the various meetings, his interests finally shifted from botany to zoology, in particular to the study of invertebrates, of which he became perhaps the greatest expert of his time. In 1771 - his pupil was then 24 years old - he left the Schulin and thanks to Oeder's recommendation he was hired at the State Archives; the office was renovated in 1772 after the fall of Struensee and Müller and, although he retained a small pension, he lost his place. His marriage to the wealthy Norwegian widow Anna Catharina Paludan resolved his economic problems once and for all; from that moment on, he was able to devote himself full-time to scientific work. An important piece of his research was the Estate of Drobak, on the Gulf of Oslo, owned by his wife, where the scientist spent the summers from 1774 to 1778, focusing in particular on the study of marine micro-fauna. He was assisted by a team that included draughtsmen and engravers (one of the best painters was his younger brother, Christian Friedrich, who, in addition to illustrating some of his brother's works, years later collaborated with Vahl on the third tranche of Flora Danica) and a number of students, recruited in an ingenious way. Every year, Müller made an advertisement in the newspapers to recruit them and paid them for the journey from Copenhagen to Oslo. Beginning in 1771, publications also multiplied, mainly dedicated to different classes of invertebrates, before then little known. In the meantime, Müller had presented to the court the project of a Fauna Danica, to pair with Flora Danica, of which he was appointed curator after Oeder's departure. The countryside in Norway and, later, when arthritis forced him to give it up, the coasts of Denmark, including the islands, allowed him to collect specimens for both works. In 1776 he anticipated the content of his great zoological work with Zoologiæ Danicae Prodromus, which listed, classified and briefly described all the animal species of the kingdom of Denmark-Norway, a work of epochal importance for the innovative classification of invertebrates. Two folio volumes of Fauna Danica followed in 1777 and 1786, with 40 plates (the other two volumes would be completed and published by various curators many years after his death). Between 1776 and 1784 five files of Flora Danica were also released. However, an important work on infusers (small single-celled organisms that develop in plant infusions, belonging to various classes, especially protozoa) remained unfinished (and was completed by O. Fabricius). In 1784, after a decade of intense work, Müller died at the age of fifty.” (D. D. Damkaer, The Copepodologist's Cabinet, A Biographical and Bibliographical History).
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Köningsberg, Hartung, 1792. 8vo. In contemporary cardboard binding. With traces of old paper title-label to spine. With stamp to front free end-paper and title-page. Author and previous owner's name on contemporary hand to title-page. Light wear to extremities and stain to f. B, otherwise a nice and clean copy. (2), 182 pp. Rare first edition of Fichte’s first major publication in which he an attempted to apply Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy - particularly from the Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason - to the concept of revelation (Offenbarung) When Fichte submitted his Versuch einer Kritik aller Offenbarung (“An Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation”) to Kant, the latter was favourably impressed by it and helped find a publisher. Fichte’s name and preface were accidentally omitted from the first edition and the work was ascribed by its earliest readers to Kant himself. When Kant corrected the mistake while commending the essay, Fichte’s reputation was made. ”In the Versuch, Fichte sought to explain the conditions under which revealed religion is possible; his exposition turns upon the absolute requirements of the moral law. Religion itself is the belief in this moral law as divine, and such belief is a practical postulate, necessary in order to add force to the law. The revelation of this divine character of morality is possible only to someone in whom the lower impulses have been, or are, successful in overcoming reverence for the law. In such a case it is conceivable that a revelation might be given in order to add strength to the moral law. Religion ultimately then rests upon the practical reason and satisfies the needs of man, insofar as he stands under the moral law. In this conclusion are evident the prominence assigned by Fichte to the practical element and the tendency to make the moral requirements of the ego the ground for all judgment on reality.” (Encyclipedia Britannica). "In the history of philosophy, Fichte's thought marks a crucial transitional stage between Kant and post-Kantian philosophy. Fichte radicalized Kant's thought by arguing that human freedom, not external reality, must be the starting point of all systematic philosophy, and in Foundations of Natural Right, thought by many to be his most important work of political philosophy, he applies his ideas to fundamental issues in political and legal philosophy, covering such topics as civic freedom, rights, private property, contracts, family relations, and the foundations of modern political organization." (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy)
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London, James Nisbet & Co., 1900. 8vo. Uncut in orig. full red cloth w. gilt lettering to spine and front board. Spine a bit worn and faded, corners a bit bumped. Inscribed by the author on front free end-paper. VIII, 324, (4, -advertisements) pp. First edition, presentation-copy for "C.P. Scott/ with the writer's/ best wishes", of Hobson's first work on the link between imperialism and international conflict, based on his experiences from South Africa immediately before the Second Boer War.John Atkinson Hobson (1858 - 1940) was an important English economist and imperial critic, widely popular for his abilities as a writer and lecturer. He studied at Derby School and at Oxford, and in 1887 he moved to London, right in the middle of the economic depression. It is here that he writes his "Physiology of Industry" together with his friend, the mountain climber and businessman A.F. Mummery, which propounded "the theory of underconsumption". Hobson's work was not well received by the academic economists, and ultimately he was pushed out of their circle.During the 1890'ies he published a number of notable works on capitalism, poverty and social reform, among which his famous "John Ruskin: Social Reformer" from 1898, in which he anticipated the marginal productivity theory of distribution and presented his critique of the classical theory of rent.Now, Hobson was asked by the EDITOR OF THE "MANCHESTER GUARDIAN", C.P. SCOTT, to become their South-African correspondent, which proved to be a turning point in his personal as well as professional life. It is during this time that he develops the idea that modern capitalism is a direct cause of imperialism. As a correspondent, he covers part of the Second Boer war, and his condemnation of the conflict is very strong. It is this conflict, and the political situation that immediately precedes it, that is the focus of the present work, in which he, for the first time, demonstrates how international conflict and imperialism are directly connected. The ideas initially presented in the present work are elaborated further in what must be considered his main work, "Imperialism" from 1902. It is Hobson's theories on imperialism that have gained him the great international reputation that he carries to this day, and it is these theories that have influenced thinkers such as Trotsky, Lenin, etc.Charles Prestwich Scott (1846-1932) was the editor of the "Manchester guardian" from 1872 until 1929; in 1907 he became its owner. He was a renowned British journalist, publisher and politician. The "Manchester Guardian" was part of his entire life (the founder was his uncle), and he was responsible for the political line of the paper for more than 50 years. For the first 15 years as its editor, Scott maintained a moderate liberal line, but when Hartington and Chamberlain split the party in 1886, formed the Liberal Unionist Party and backed the Conservatives, Scott, and with him the Guardian, made a left turn and supported Gladstone in his support for Irish Home Rule and "new liberalism". It is after this political turn that Scott asks the controversial economist Hobson to join the paper as its South Africa correspondent, a decision that did not go by unnoticed. The stand that the Guardian, with the published opinions of Hobson, took against the Boer War was highly unpopular, and it nearly cost Scott the election as a Liberal candidate in 1900, the year that Hobson's first work on the subject, "The War in South Africa", was published and evidently presented to his boss, the brave politician.
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Stockholm, Joh. Sam. Ekmanson - P.A. Norstedt och Söner, 1797-1844. De to første årgange i samtidige hldrbd. Resten i 39 samtidige papbd. med skindtitel på rygge. Bindene her og der med lidt brugsspor. Med plancher, planer og kort. Her foreligger tidsskriftet fra dets start i 1797, men mangler de 2 årgange 1803-4. - Lundstedt Nr. 339.
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(Stockholm, 1824-40). Folio-oblong. Rebacked. The original cloth-covers preserved, gilt. Text in Swedish and French. Containing all 40 engraved views in aquatint and lithograph by C.F. Akrell and others. Each measuring 34x48 cm. The lithographed titlepage slightly brownspotted, 1 textpage repaired (no loss). In general fine and clean. First edition. Forming part of Thersner's series "Forna och närvarende Sverige 1817-67".
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London, Macmillan & Co, 1908. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with five raised bands and two black leather title labels with gilt lettering to spine. In "Nature", May - October, 1908, Vol. LXXVIII [78]. Library label to first page of index and bookplate pasted on to front free end-paper. Fine and clean Fine and clean P. 151; Pp. 105-6. [Entire volume: LII, 686 pp.]. First printing of this seminal publication in the history of television; it is generally considered the earliest and most important paper in the early development of television. It constitutes the first description of an electronic method of producing television.Responding to an article in the June 4, 1908 issue of Nature by Shelford Bidwell entitled "Telegraphic Photography and Electric Vision," A. A. Campbell Swinton wrote a letter to the editor of Nature proposing a solution to the most pressing problems in achieving "distant electric vision": "This part of the problem of obtaining distant electric vision can probably be solved by the employment of two beams of kathode rays (one at the transmitting and one at the receiving station) synchronously deflected by the varying fields of two electromagnets placed at right angles to one another and energised by two alternating electric currents of widely different frequencies, so that the moving extremities of the two beams are caused to sweep simultaneously over the whole of the required surface within the one-tenth of a second necessary to take advantage of visual persistence." (SWINTON)."The final, insurmountable problems with any form of mechanical scanning were the limited number of scans per second, which produced a flickering image, and the relatively large size of each hole in the disk, which resulted in poor resolution. In 1908 a Scottish electrical engineer, A. A. Campbell Swinton, wrote that the problems 'can probably be solved by the employment of two beams of kathode rays' instead of spinning disks. Cathode rays are beams of electrons generated in a vacuum tube. Steered by magnetic fields or electric fields, Swinton argued, they could 'paint' a fleeting picture on the glass screen of a tube coated on the inside with a phosphorescent material. Because the rays move at nearly the speed of light, they would avoid the flicker problem, and their tiny size would allow excellent resolution. Swinton never built a set (for, as he said, the possible financial reward would not be enough to make it worthwhile)..." (Britannica). Hiers, Early Television no 366.
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