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80 s. Hefta "Enquist vs. Enquist om Edvard Hoems siste romaner. Sverre Tusvik intervjuer Karin Moe. Otto Homlung - Veier fra Ibsen og tilbake. Norsk scenedramatikk. Arild Nyquist

492 s. innbunde halvband, skinn i rygg og hjørner. noko slite, men greitt bruksband "Med mellom andre desse artiklane

Privat skinn ryggband med sterk slitasje oppflisa i øverkant og med ei stor rift. Brun rygg med sliten gulldekor. Oktav. 731 s. marmorert snitt"

Oslo 1989. Kirkens Nødhjelp. Stor 8vo. 112 s. Hefta m. originalt omslag. Grøn rygg. Namnetrekk. Nokre understrekingar. Pen "Om vår felles framtid

Riga, Hartknoch, 1781. 8vo. Comtemporary - possibly the original! - beige cardboard-binding with contemporary handwritten paper title-label to spine. Spine relaid, preserving the paper-label, with front hinge neatly reastored, perfectly matching the original paper. Smaller, hardly noticeable, restorations to back hinge and upper capital. All edges coloured in red. Front free end-paper with restorations to upper outer corner. Library-stamp (Stadt-Bibliothek Homburg) to recto and verso of title-page as well as blank part of f. a2r, all with deaccession-stamps over. Internally exceptionally nice, clean, and fresh, with hardly any spotting of any kind. Overall an excellent copy. (24), 856 pp. Rare first edition of Kant's monumental main work, arguably the most important work in the history of philosophy since Aristotle.The "Critique of Pure Reason" took Kant about a decade to write, and the work is of the utmost scarcity. It is due to this work that Kant became world famous as one of the three or four greatest philosophers of all times, and the work fundamentally changed the face of philosophy. With this work philosophy is finally provided with a new and comprehensive way of dealing systematically with the problems of philosophy. "In 1770 Kant became professor of logic and metaphysics, and at this point there is a sudden falling off in number of his publications. The cause of this became clear eleven years later when "The Critique of Pure Reason" appeared; and with it Kant became famous. Kant's great achievement was to conclude finally the lines on which philosophical speculation had proceeded in the eighteenth century, and to open up a new and more comprehensive system of dealing with the problems of philosophy... The influence of Kant is paramount to the critical method of modern philosophy. No other thinker has been able to hold with such firmness the balance between speculative and empirical ideas. His penetrating analysis of the elements involved in synthesis, and the subjective process by which these elements are realized in the individual consciousness, demonstrated the operation of "pure reason", and the simplicity and cogency of his arguments achieved immediate fame." (PMM 226). Hook & Norman 1197.PMM 226.Warda 59.

Königsberg, Friedrich Nicolovius, 1793. 8vo. In the original bluish cardboardbinding, with handwritten title to spine. Binding very neatly restored at spine and extremities. Previous owner's inscriptions to front free end-paper and title-page as well as pasted-down front end-paper. One leaf with a tiny closed tear to blank outer margin and some leaves with a single hole to the blank outer margin. Light pencil-underlinings and -markings to a few leaves. Internally clean and fresh. Printed on very heavy paper (about three times the thickness of the normal paper) and with wide margins. XX, (2), 296, (2, -errata) pp. Housed in a beautiful marbled half calf box in pastiche-style, with splendidly gilt spine and gilt morrocco title-label. Extremely rare presentation-copy inscribed by the recipient, a close friend of Kant, Johann Gottfried Hasse, to whom Kant gave the present copy. The copy is one of no more than perhaps five copies printed on special paper of the first edition of Kant's "Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason", the seminal work in which he develops his religion of reason and most fully accounts for his philosophy of religion.This magnificent copy is completely unique. Not only is one of only four or five presentation-copies printed on special paper - perhaps less - that Kant himself requested from the printer, to be given to a handful of recipients; we also know to whom it was given, namely his close friend and professor of religion Johann Gottfreind Hasse. And Hasse has not only put his ownership signature in the book, he has also noted that it was given to him by Kant in the year of publication ("Donum auctoris 1793").We have not been able to find information anywhere about the presentation-copies of "Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blossen Vernunft" specifically. There is nothing in the Kant-correspondence about that at all, and no letters to/from the publisher about them have been preserved. But we know that Kant commissioned four or five copies of "Critik der Urtheilskraft" on special paper and four copies of "Critik der reinen Vernunft". The present copy is clearly on special paper as well (about three times the size of copies on normal paper), so even though it is not mentioned anywhere, it is fair to assume that Kant also ordered about a handful copies of "Religion..." to be printed on special paper as well. However, this number might be smaller. As opposed to the other two books that we know he commissioned these copies of, the publication of "Religion..." was caught up in a controversy over censorship, and Kant was given a reprimand in the name of the Prussian emperor, Friedrich Wilhelm II. Kant was forced to pledge not to publish on matters of religion. Furthermore, copies of the "Religion..." on special paper seem not to have appeared anywhere, as opposed to the very few copies of the two other works that have surfaced; so all in all, there is absolutely no reason to think that he should have commissioned more than four or five copies of this book either. The inscription to the front free end-paper is in Hasse's hand and reads "(Donum auctoris 1793.)/ J.G. Hasse". The name of Hasse has been crossed out by the later owner, who has written his name underneath "N. Grosch...(?)/ stud. Theol./ Som[mer]. Semest[er]. [18]05" and on the title-page.The Königsberg professor J.G. Hasse (1759-1806) was a close friend of Kant and a frequent guest at his dinner table. He was a then famous German evangelist theologian and orientalist. After having graduated from the University of Jena in 1784, he became assistant professor at the faculty of philosophy there. Due to his very respected publications within science of religion, he became professor of oriental languages and later professor of theology, which is the position he possessed, when Kant gave him the present copy of his own main work on religion. A few years later, in 1801, he took over Kant's position at the academic Senate, after Kant retired from academic life. And in the last years of Kant's life, Hasse grew even closer to him. He was a frequent guest in his home and a close friend. Hasse was furthermore one of the first to publish a biography of Kant. This biography became particularly famous, because it was written by someone in the inner circle of friends. There is no doubt that Kant had tremendous respect for the renowned professor of religion, to whom he gave one of the only four or five copies printed on special paper of his own definitive work on religion. This is presumably the best presentation- or association-copy of a Kant-book that one can hope to come across. Warda: 141.

Paris, Gosselin, 1835-40. Lex 8vo. Bound in two excellent contemporary uniform black half calf bindings with blindstamped ornamentation and gilt lettering to spines. Only the slightest signs of wear to extremities. Some browning and brownspotting due to the paper quality, but overall in very nice condition. A few leaves in volume one with marginal markings. (4), XXIV, 365, (3) + (4), 455 pp. + folded, coloured map + (2), V, (3), 333, (1) + (4), 363 pp. An excellent set of the first edition of Tocqueville's monumental "Democracy in America", one of the most important texts in the history of political thought. Being the founding treatise of conservative liberalism and democracy in the 19th century, and generally "one of the most important texts on political literature" (PMM, p. 217), ""De la démocratie en Amérique"" is a classic of social sience, an analysis on the nature and institutions of American society. Beside the "Federalist Papers", it is considered one of the most significant works ever written on American political and civil life" (Books that made Europe p. 206). It is rare to find all four volumes contemporarily bound, and especially in as nice condition as here. Goldsmiths 28902-3.

Frankfurt a. M., 1845. 8vo. Contemporary black half calf. Professionally rebacked. Title-page somewhat dusty and re-hinged. VIII, 335, (1) pp. Incredibly scarce first edition of one the most significant political publications of the 19th century, the first joint work of Marx and Engels, leading to a life-long association that would change the world. "The Holy Family" is one of the most fundamental works in the history of communism and contains the first formulations of a number of fundamental theses of dialectical and historical materialism. For instance, it is here that the idea of mass/the people as the actual maker of the history of mankind is put forth for the first time and here that Marx shows that communism is the logical conclusion of materialistic philosophy.The work became incredibly influential and caused great uproar. Lenin claimed that it was this work that laid the foundations for scientific revolutionary materialist socialism.At the end of August, 1844, Engels passed through Paris,on his way to Manchester. It was here that he met Marx (then for the second time).Marx suggested that the two of them should write a critique of Young Hegelian trend of thought then very popular in academic circles. They decided to co-author the foreword and divided up the other sections between them. Engels had already finished his chapters before leaving Paris after 10 days. Marx had the larger share of work, which he completed by the end of November 1844.The general title, "The Holy Family", was added at the suggestion of the publisher Lowenthal, being a sarcastic reference to the Bauer brothers and their supporters." "The Holy Family, or Critique of Critical Critique. Against Bruno Bauer and Co." is the first joint work of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. At the end of August 1844 Marx and Engels met in Paris and their meeting was the beginning of' their joint creative work in all fields of theoretical and practical revolutionary activity. By this time Marx and Engels had completed the transition from idealism to materialism and from revolutionary democratism to communism. The polemic The Holy Family was written in Paris in autumn 1844. It reflects the progress in the formation of Marx and Engels's revolutionary materialistic world outlook.In "The Holy Family" Marx and Engels give a devastating criticism of the subjectivist views of the Young Hegelians from the position of militant materialists. They, also criticize Hegel's own idealistic philosophy: giving credit for the rational element in his dialectics, they criticize the mystic side of it.The Holy Family formulates a number of fundamental theses of dialectical and historical materialism. In it Marx already approaches the basic idea of historical materialism - the decisive role of the mode of production in the development of society. Refuting the idealistic views of history which had dominated up to that time, Marx and Engels prove that of themselves progressive ideas can lead society only beyond the ideas of the old system and that "in order to carry out ideas men are needed who dispose of a certain practical force." (See p. 160 of the present edition.) The proposition put forward in the book that the mass, the people, is the real maker of the history of mankind is of paramount importance. Marx and Engels show that the wider and the more profound a change taking place in society is the more numerous Me mass effecting that change will Re Lenin especially stressed the importance of this thought and described it as one of the most profound and most important theses of historical materialism.The Holy Family contains the almost mature view of the historic role of the proletariat as the class which, by virtue of its position in capitalism, "can and must free itself" and at the same time abolish all the inhuman conditions of life of bourgeois society, for "not in vain does" the proletariat "go through the stern but steeling school of labour. The question is not what this or that proletarian, or even the whole of the proletariat at the moment considers as its aim. The question is what the proletariat is, and what, consequent on that being, it will be compelled to do." (pp. 52-53.)A section of great importance is "Critical Battle against French Materialism" in which Marx, briefly outlining the development of materialism in West-European philosophy, shows that communism is the logical conclusion of materialistic philosophy.The Holy Family was written largely under the influence of the materialistic views of Ludwig Feuerbach, who was, responsible to a great extent for Marx's and Engels's transition from idealism to materialism; the work also contains elements of the criticism of Feuerbach's metaphysical and contemplative materialism given by Marx in spring 1845 in his Theses on Feuerbach. Engels later defined the place of The Holy Family in the history of Marxism when he wrote: "The cult of abstract man, which formed the kernel of Feuerbach's new religion, had to be replaced by the science of real men and of their historical development. This further development of Feuerbach's standpoint beyond Feuerbach was inaugurated by Marx in 1845 in The Holy Family." (F. Engels, Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy.)The Holy Family formulates some of the basic principles of Marxist political economy. In contrast to the Utopian Socialists Marx bases the objective inevitability of the victory of communism on the fact that private property in its economic motion drives itself towards its downfall.The Holy Family dates from a period when the process of the formation of Marxism was not yet completed. This is reflected in the terminology used by Marx and Engels. Marxist scientific terminology was gradually elaborated and defined by Marx and Engels as the formation and development of their teaching progressed." (Introduction to the work by Foreign Languages Publishers)"The book made something of a splash in the newspapers. One paper noted, that it expressed socialist views since it criticised the "inadequacy of any half-measures directed at eliminating the social ailments of our time." The conservative press immediately recognized the radical elements inherent in its many arguments. One paper wrote that, in The Holy Family, "every line preaches revolt... against the state, the church, the family, legality, religion and property." It also noted that "prominence is given to the most radical and the most open communism, and this is all the more dangerous as Mr. Marx cannot be denied either extremely broad knowledge or the ability to make use of the polemical arsenal of Hegel's logic, what is customarily called 'iron logic.'Lenin would later claim this work laid the foundations for what would develop into a scientific revolutionary materialist socialism." (Marx Archive).

(Presumably Yemen), 1772. 4to. Bound in a contemporary full leather binding with flap. Boards and flap with blindtooled ornamentation. Spine worn and worn through at hinges. Back board loose at top 2/3, but still attached. A bit of worming to boards and overall signs of wear to leather. Internally well preserved, with occasional light discolouration. 170 ff. with numerous additional smaller pages of notes inserted throughout, several in different colours (pink and blue). Text throughout is written in Naskh script, in a single column. Mostly written in black ink with occasional colorful highlights. Passages of core texts are overlined, generally in red but occasionally in black or green. The first text varies between approximately 18 and 33 lines per page and is occasionally written diagonally (for example, fol. 31rv); the second is consistent at 9 lines per page with considerable interlinear notes. Portions of the text are copied by the primary scribe on smaller pages, for example ff. 70r-79v, to be distinguished from the small pages of notes that were likely inserted later. The title and author of the first text are presented in attractive green and red calligraphy on f. 1r. The scribe’s name is also written in calligraphy on f. 1r and 126r, in addition to the colophon on f. 168v, but the name has been systematically erased in all three locations, for unknown reasons. According to the colophon on f. 168v, the manuscript was copied on the first Friday of Rabi? al-Thani 1186 AH, equivalent to 3 July 1772 CE. As noted above, the scribe’s name has been erased. The style of the script and decorations suggest that it was most likely copied in or near Yemen. Texts: Fol. 1r-126v: Da'ud al-Ashkashi’s supercommentary ?ashiyah ?alá Shar? al-Mara? on A?mad Dikquz’s (15th c.) commentary on A?mad ibn Mas?ud’s (13th c.) grammatical treatise Mara? al-arwa?, on Arabic morphology. Fol. 129v-168v: ?usam al-Din al-Kati’s (d. 1358/9) commentary Shar? al-Isaghuji on Athir al-Din al-Abhari’s (d. 1265) Isaghuji. Miscellaneous notes and poems appear on front and rear flyleaves, on pages between the two texts, in margins, between lines, and on small inserted pages. Many of these paratexts are in the hand of the primary scribe. The notes discuss numerous topics, but especially grammar and logic, the subjects of the two main texts. Marginal and interlinear notes generally comment on specific passages in the main text. A few notes, especially on fol. 128r, are in Turkish, attesting to Ottoman influence. The front pastedown has a short story or riddle about Muslims and nonbelievers on a ship. Unrecorded Arabic manuscript containing two highly important treatises, the first of which is of the utmost scarcity (only three other manuscript copies of the work are known), and the other of which is of the utmost importance to the development of logic in the Arab world. Da'ud al-Ashkashi’s supercommentary “?ashiyah ?alá Shar? al-Mara?” on A?mad Dikquz’s (15th c.) commentary on A?mad ibn Mas?ud’s (13th c.) grammatical treatise “Mara? al-arwa?”, on Arabic morphology, is extremely rare, and the present manuscript is only the fourth known copy of the work known to exist. Being unrecorded, this manuscript contributes significantly to preserving an old Arabic work of logic and grammar that may otherwise have been lost and may very well shed new light on a text that is now extremely obscure. The core texts are relatively well known, but al-Ashkashi’s work is extremely obscure. The spelling of his name is uncertain and virtually nothing is known about his life. There is one copy of this text in the Municipal Library of Alexandria (Egypt) and two at Princeton University (Incipit:????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????), but so far, no scholars seem to have worked seriously with the work to determine what it may reveal. Husam al-Din al-Kati’s (d. 1358/9) commentary on Athir al-Din al-Abhari’s (d. 1265) “Isaghuji” (Isagoge) is a well-known, popular, and very influential commentary, of which several copies are known in institutions. Although al-Abhari’s Isaghuji is often described as a commentary on Porphyry’s text, it is really more of an imitation, or a text in the same genre. This extremely influential commentary constitutes an introduction to logic in the style of Porphyrios’ famous “Isagoge” of Porphyry. Being extremely popular and influential, numerous manuscripts and supercommentaries of it are known. (Incipit: ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????). Not much is known about Husam-al-Din-Katia (who is sometimes referred to as al-Rumi) either, but we know he was a native Anatolian. Furthermore, it was his commentary (and glosses) on al-Abhari's Isagoge that became the most popular and the standard accompanying text throughout the Ottoman period. “This work is a super-commentary or gloss on Athir al-Din al-Abhari (d. 663/1264 or 1265)’s Isaghuji, a brief collection of definitions of logic terms named after its inspiration, the Neoplatonist Porphyry (Furfuriyus, d. 309 AD)’s Isagoge. Abhari’s work which only covers the Categories of Porphyry’s work, served as the standard introductory text for the study of logic in madrasas across the Islamic world until modern times, with an emphasis on elementary semantics through the syllogism. Of the many commentaries and glosses on al-Abhari’s Isaghuji, ?üsamüddin ?asan el-Kati’s was one of the most popular, and continued to be the accompanying text by which al-Abhari’s Isaghuji was studied throughout the Ottoman period. In his autobiographical entry, Tasköprüzade mentions having studied the Isagoge via ?üsamüddin el-Kati (Hüsam-i Kati)’s commentary. Well known super glosses (?ashiya) on ?üsamüddin el-Kati’s commentary were produced by Mevlana ?araca A?mad (d. 854/1450) ???? ???? ??????, Mu?yi al-Din Mu?ammad al-Barda?i (d. 927/1521) ???? ?? ???? ??????? and Mu?yi al-Din al-Taliji (al-Talishi) ??? ????? ??????? ??????? (?ashiya ?ala´ shar? ?usam al-Din al-Kati, ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? , composed in the year 1085). These works tend to be bound together in manuscript codices.” (Uiversity of St. Andrews: The Islamisation of Anatolia). The two works bound here on logic and grammar have clearly been thoroughly studied, both by the scribe, whose name has sadly been erased, and by later readers. The comments almost constitute a work in its own, and there may be much new material to be found here, for the serious scholar. This kind of supercommentary is extremely interesting and will reveal a lot about the development of logic in the Arab world over the numerous centuries that this supercommentary has come to cover - documenting an entire tradition of one of the most important disciplines from the middle ages. As of now, the present manuscript remains univestigated, as do several of this type whose contents are not just straightforward.

2 x 3 hæfter i ét bind. C.A. Reitzel, København. Lille 8vo. Titelblad til Første Bind, Andet Oplag]+ fælles indholdsfortegnelse til bind 1 + 2 sider med fortale]+ smudstitelblad og titelblad [Første Hefte, Andet Oplag, 1842]+61 sider +(1 blank)+1 side indholdsfortegnelse+(1 blank) + smudstitelblad + titelblad [Andet Hefte, Andet Oplag, 1844]+ [5-]76 sider +1 side indholdsfortegnelse + [3 blanke sider] + smudstitelblad + titelblad [Første Binds tredie Hefte, Andet Oplag, 1846] + [5-]60 sider + 1 side indholdsfortegnelse + [3 blanke sider] + smudstitelblad + fælles titelblad til andet bind [Andet Hefte, 1847]+ dedikationsblad til Johanne Louise Heiberg+ indholdsfortegnelse + smudstitelblad + titelblad [Ny Samling, Første Hefte, Andet Oplag, 1846 +[5-]58 sider + 1 side indholdsfortegnelse +smudstitelblad + titelblad [Ny Samling, Andet Hefte, 1847 [= andet oplag, selv om det ikke er angivet] + 53 sider + [1 blank] + indholdsfortegnelse + [1 blank] + smudstitelblad + Titelblad [Ny Samling, Tredie Hefte, 1847 [=andet oplag]]+49 sider + (1) blank [mangler den sidste side med indholdsfortegnelsen til bind 2, 3. hefte. Indbundet ubeskåret i det originale bogtrykte fælles kartonbind med undertitlen '2 Bind, Andet Oplag'. Ryg og bagperm restaureret, med resterne af den oprindelige, bogtrykte rygstribe påklæbet [igen med '2 bind']. Et navn overstreget på forpermen, der også er lidt nusset. Indvendig et pænt, rent eksemplar. * BFN 266-270, 276-279, 303-305, 325-328, 352-355, 408-411. Printing and the Mind of Man 299. ** Et hovedværk i verdenslitteraturen. Andersen nærede til at begynde med ikke de store ambitioner til denne del af sin forfattervirksomhed, men var langt mere optaget af sin succes som romanforfatter med "Improvisatoren", ligeledes fra 1835. Hans mentor, fysikeren H.C. Ørsted, så dog rigtigt, da han sagde til Andersen: "Improvisatoren vil gøre Dem berømt, men eventyrene vil gøre Dem udødelig".*** Da H.C. Andersen kom til forlægger C.A. Reitzel med ideen om at skrive eventyr i børnehøjde, blev han mødt med en god portion skepsis, da denne tanke var ny. Reitzel gik dog med til at udgive første binds første hefte i et beskedent oplag på 200 eksemplarer i 1835. Det blev ingen øjeblikkelig succes, men i løbet af den årrække, hvor hefterne udkom [i alt 6 hefter fra 1835-42] begyndte interessen for dem at stige. Derfor gik læserne tilbage for at købe tidligere hefter, og Reitzel måtte imod al forventning begynde at trykke nye oplag af dem. Første binds første hefte udkom i tre oplag [1835, 1842 og 1845], mens de fem resterende hefter kom i to oplag. Da cyklussen var forbi, havde Reitzel nogle forskellige restoplag tilbage af de forskellige hefter, og bundtede dem i 1842 i to bind á 3 hefter (med første hefte i andet oplag). Dette skete igen i 1846, stadig i to bind (som regel med hefte 1-4 i andet oplag). Dette er årsagen til, at langt de fleste bind med alle seks eventyrhefter har hefterne i forskellige oplag, da de er blevet blandet undervejs. Man regner med, at der er under ti eksisterende sæt med alle seks hefter i første oplag - heraf et par stykker i privateje. I 1847 - hvorfra vores sæt stammer - er alle seks hefter i andet oplag, men blev udgivet samlet i et bogtrykt kartonbind, som vi ikke har kunnet finde nogle reference til nogen steder - det er sandsynligvis gået tabt for eftertiden, udover på dette herlige eksemplar. **** Copies of 'Eventyr fortalte for Børn' are almost always made up from different issues -There seems to be less than ten copies consisting of six first issues, and only one or two copies in private ownership. Andersen collectors have always accepted, that second issues are quite acceptable, as they were the ones offered usually for sale. In this copy, all the six booklets are in second issue, as they should be in order to have stayed at Reitzels shelves long enough to be part of the clean out sale with new printed boards in 1847.***. When Andersen in 1835 came to his publisher Reitzel with the farfetched idea of printing fairy tales for children, the publisher wasn't keen on the idea. As Andersen needed money badly and his first novel 'Improvisatoren' had been selling fairly well, Reitzel reluctantly agreed to print the first booklet in 200 copies. They were printed on cheap paper and cost very little - they were only meant for a cheap pastime for children. No immediate success, Andersen nevertheless made two more booklets, so the three of them made a complete unit in 1837. The sales must have picked up a bit, as Andersen was allowed to make three more booklets from 1838-1842. By that time, the first part of the first batch had run out (after 7 years!), so Reitzel printed some more (how many is unknown) in 1842, and of the second part of the first batch was reprinted in 1843. From December 1843 Andersen released his next collection of Fairy tales ['Nye Eventyr', published in a larger and nicer format than the first six 'Eventyr fortalte for Børn] and his renown as a writer of children's books grew. Reitzel reprinted more of the first fairytales, and finally cleared out the last batch of the old stock of 'Eventyr fortalte for Børn' in 1847 - and this is one of those copies. How few there were left is unknown, but as the print runs have always been small, there might be as little as 20-30 copies issued with these printed cardboard wrappers - of which only this one survives.

A Londres, Chez Fletcher Gyles, dans Holborn, 1755. 12mo (binding ab. 17x10 cm). Bound in a very nice, contemporary full mottled calf binding with five raised bands to richly gilt spine. All edges of boards with a single gilt line-decoration. Beautiful marbled edges. Very neat and professional restorations to hinges and upper capital. A single tiny worm-hole to middle of spine and a supeficial, barely noticeable, crack down the middle. Old paper-label to lower compartment of spine. One corner a bit worn. Small ex libris to inside of front board, ex libris stamp to half-title. Contemporary owner's name crossed out at title-page. Internally exceptionally nice and clean. Small worm-hole to inner margin of about 60 leaves towards the end, only just touching the edge of a very few letters, otherwise not affecting lettering at all. (4), 430, (6, -Table des Chapitres) pp. The exceedingly rare first edition of one of the most important and influential works of economic literature, as well as being one of the scarcest. The author is considered a pioneer of economic theory who anticipated and influenced the likes of Smith, Malthus, Turgot, Quesnay, Mirabeau, etc., etc. and this, his only published work (!), is considered the first actual work of theoretical economics, an absolutely ground-breaking work which by Jevons was characterized as the "Cradle of Political Economy".Richard Cantillon (1680-1734), though his name is probably of Spanish descent, was an Irishman, and he spent most of his life in France. He was a man of secrecy, and little is known about his life and work. He wrote his only published book, the seminal "Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général" between 1730 and 1734 but never saw it published, as he was murdered in 1734 (when he was robbed and his house was set on fire, presumably by his former cook whom he had dismissed ten days earlier), and the book had to await posthumous publication. There is evidence that Cantillon wrote much more than this single work, but the "Essai" seems to be the only one that survived the fire in his house on the night of his death. The work was finally published for the first time in French, anonymously, in 1755, and it is not known whether Cantillon actually wrote the manuscript in French and that the mention of translation on the title-page is false (e.g. to avoid French censorship), or whether he wrote the manuscript in English and translated it into French himself; in all cases, the work circulated in French manuscript form, before it was published, and an English manuscript has never been found. "In any case, the "Essai" is a work of genious, and it was undoubtedly written by Cantillon" (Brewer, p. 19). After having had an immense influence on the Physiocrats and the French School, directly influencing Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot , François Quesnay, Jean-Baptiste Say, Victor de Riquetti marquis de Mirabeau, Adam Smith, etc., the "Essay…" soon sank into obscurity only to be rediscovered by Jevons in the 1880'ies, and throughout the late 19th and the 20th century it has become increasingly evident that the present work is indeed a pioneering work, which directly and indirectly influenced almost all later economic theory. "Richard Cantillon was a key figure in the early development of economics. He was one of the first to see economy as a single inter-connected system and to try to explain how it worked, and the first to present a coherent theory of prices and income distribution. He made major contributions to monetary theory and to the theory of balance of payments adjustment. The Physiocrats, writing only a few years after the (delayed) publication of Cantillon's one surviving work, the "Essai sur la nature du commerce en general", took many of their ideas very directly from it. Adam Smith probably learnt from Cantillon's "Essai" , as well as from the Physiocrats. There is thus a direct line of intellectual descent from Cantillon's "Essai" to Smith's "Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations", and to modern economics." (Brewer, p. 1). "Cantillon predated the Physiocrats in two ways. First, he used the term "entrepreneur" and emphasized the role of this figure in economic life. Business people, Cantillon said commit themselves to definite payments in expectation of uncertain receipts; this risk taking is remunerated by profit, which competition tends to reduce to the normal value of the entrepreneurs' services. Second, writing a generation before Quesnay constructed his "Tableau Economique", Cantillon stated: "Cash is therefore necessary, not only for the Rent of the landlord... but also for the City merchandise consumed in the country... The circulation of this money takes place when the Landlords spend in detail in the City the rents which the farmers have paid them in lump sums, and when the Entrepreneurs of the Cities, Butchers, Bakers, Brewers, etc. collect little by little the same money to buy from the Farmers in lump sums Cattle, Wheat, Barley, etc."Cantillon developed a theory of value and price. His emphasis on the role of land and labor, on supply and demand, and on the fluctuations of price around intrinsic value makes him a direct forerunner of classical economists... Cantillon anticipated classical economic thought in several other ways. For example, he stated, "Men multiply like mice in a barn if they have unlimited Means of Subsistence." The classical economist Thomas Malthus held a similar view. Also, Cantillon analyzed interest as a reward for the risk taken in lending, based on profits that the entrepreneurs can make by borrowing and investing... In addition, Cantillon focused on the productivity of a nation's resources..." (Brue, pp. 59-60).See: Anthony Brewer, Richard Cantillon: Pioneer of Economic Theory, 1992Stanley L. Brue, The Evolution of Economic Thought. Sixth Edition, 2000Kress: 5423; Einaudi: 846; Goldsmiths’ 8989; Higgs, Bibliography of Economics, 938.

Kristiania 1899. Aschehoug. 12mo. 264 (+2) s. Originalt brunmarmorert bind, raudbrunt halvbind, lysebrun rygg med gullfarga ryggtittel. ExLibris på forsatsbladet. Det er mange blyantmerknader og understrekingar i boka, som elles er i bra stand "««Streiftog i oplysningstiden» vil udkomme i to dele

Oslo 1962. Gyldendal. 8vo. 228 s. Originalt grått/grågrønt bind ,beige rygg med gullfarga ryggtittel. Nokre lesespor og plettar, alt i alt i bra stand "Små erindringer om m.a. Kong Haakon, minister Wedel, Henrik Sørensen

Norge 1991. Kritikkjournalen. 4to, 80 s. Illustrert med nokre faksimilar. Hefta. Mangefarga omslag med illustrasjon, brun rygg med raud ryggtittel. I svært god stand "Av innhaldet kan nemnast meldingar om til dømes barnedikt før og nå

Oslo 1935. Det Norske Arbeiderpartis Forlag. Sosialismens klassikere. 8vo. 124 (+1, +3 blanke) s. Limhefta. Kvit med svart ryggtittel. Uhøvla i alle tre snitta. Biblioteksutgåve. Smuss på fram- og baksida og på ryggen. Nokre få notat og strekar i margen med blyant Frå serien ""Sosialismens klassikere"

Straume 1992. Andre opplaget. Sambåndet Forlag A/S. Liten 8vo. Upaginert. Illustrert. Originalt heilkartonasjebind. Delvis illustrert rygg, blå øvst og mangefarga ryggtittel. "Tolv leiarar, med bakgrunn i kristent ungdomsarbeid, har skrive andaktar for kvar sin månad

St. Petersburg, 1869. 8vo. Extract in contemporary or slightly later blank blue paper wrappers. Wrappers with neat professional restorations from verso, barely noticeable. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 60-77. Exceedingly scarce first printing of Mendeleev’s seminal Russian Chemical Society-paper of March 1869, presenting for the first time the periodical table of the elements. “His newly formulated law was announced before the Russian Chemical Society in March 1869 with the statement “elements arranged according to the value of their atomic weights present a clear periodicity of properties.” Mendeleev’s law allowed him to build up a systematic table of all the 70 elements then known.” (Encycl. Britt.) “Early in 1869, Russian chemist Dmitrii Mendeleev was in a predicament many people are familiar with—he was facing a deadline. He had delivered the first volume of his inorganic chemistry textbook to his publisher but was struggling with how to organize the second volume. This struggle would culminate in a remarkable discovery, a system that classified all of the chemical elements. In March 1869, Mendeleev delivered a full paper to the Russian Chemical Society spelling out the most significant aspect of his system, that characteristics of the elements recur at a periodic interval as a function of their atomic weight. This was the first iteration of the periodic law.” (OSU) Mendeleev’s system was not yet perfect when it appeared in 1869, but it would prove to be one of the most fundamental of scientific laws, one that would hold true through new discoveries and against all challenges. Mendeleev not only recognized that what seemed to be a randomness of the elements fitted into a system, he also suggested that the gaps in his system would later be filled with elements yet unknown to the scientific world. The discovery of new elements in the 1870s fulfilled several of Mendeleev’s predictions and brought increased interest to the periodic system, making it an invaluable tool for research. “He had such faith in the validity of the periodic law that he proposed changes to the generally accepted values for the atomic weight of a few elements and predicted the locations within the table of unknown elements together with their properties. At first the periodic system did not raise interest among chemists. However, with the discovery of the predicted elements, notably gallium in 1875, scandium in 1879, and germanium in 1886, it began to win wide acceptance. Gradually the periodic law and table became the framework for a great part of chemical theory. By the time Mendeleev died in 1907, he enjoyed international recognition and had received distinctions and awards from many countries.” (Encycl. Britt.) Horblit 74 Barchas 1412 [Dibner 48 - citing the German translation of 1891]

Kiøbenhavn, Nicolaus Møller, 1761 (1766) - 1810. Folio. Tittelbl. trykket i rødt og sort. 1440 håndkolorerte kobberstikk. Dansk tekst. Bundet i 8 samt. marmorerte kalveskinnbd. med 6 oppøyde bind. Skinn tittelfelter i rødt og grønt. Rik ryggdekor i gull. Noen få plansjer feilbundet. Blåstempel på tittelbl. (Glorup Godsbibliotek).. .

Oslo 2002. Forlaget Oktober as. Bokklubben Nye Bøker. 8vo. 162 (+1, +1 blank, +1, +11 blanke) s. Originalbind. Smussomslag. Kvitt med svart og brun ryggtittel. Illustrasjon og svart forlagsnamn nedst. Generelt sett litt gulna, men pen. "Frå baksideteksten: I denne boka har forfattaren gjort ein studie av det alvorlegaste av alt

Sometime Felow of Balliol College, Oxford" New York 1926. The New American Library of World Literature, Inc. A Mentor Book. Liten 8vo. 280 (+2) s. Hefta. Gullfarga med svart ryggtittel. Raud i alle tre snitta. Namn på tidlegare eigar på innsida av omslaget framme. I generelt god stand

Stockholm 1975. Wahlström & Widstrand. Liten 8vo. 60 (+2 blanke, +2) s. Hefta. Oransje med svart ryggittel. Pen "Niklas Rådström (f. 1953) er ein svensk lyrikar og dramatikar. Frå omtalen på omslagets bakside: Niklas Rådström uttalar sjølv

Oslo 1993. Aschehoug. Bokklubben Dagens Bok. 8vo. 216 (+1, +7 blanke) s. Originalbind. Smussomslag. Svart med gullfarga ryggtittel. Omslaget har små bruksspor på baksida. Elles heil og i god stand "Frå omslagets bakside: Kritikk av David Robson i Sunday Telegraph

Oslo 1993. Gyldendal. 8vo. 159 s. Kartonasjebind, kvit tekst på mørk rygg. Pen """Gyldendals ungdomsklassikere består av verdenslitteraturens aboslutte høydepunkter

Oslo 1974. Gyldendal. Liten 4to. 80 s. Illustrert med svart/kvit-bilete, -teikningar og teikneseriar. Limhefta. Illustrert rygg i fargane, brunt, gult og kvitt. Kvit ryggtittel. Litt skeiv rygg og små bruksspor på fram- og baksida. Pent hefte "Vinduet er Gyldendals tidsskrift for litteratur. Redaktørar: Johan Fredrik Grøgaard og Jan Erik Vold. Elles

-er der femininen vokalischen Stämme. Uppsala, 1965. (()) 8vo.. 372 s. s. Orig. omsl.. Norsk.