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Kbh., 1930. Lille folio. Indb. i et nydeligt samt. hldrbd. af rød maroquin. Indeholder det orig. egenhændige manuskript til teksten af Seedorf, orig. egenhændige tegninger af Nygaard, Orig. egenhændige noder af Clemmensen samt 1. prøvetryk af musikken og teksten, indeholdende adskillige egenhændige rettelser. Yderst interessant originalt manuskript, af hvilket det bl.a. fremgår, at Seedorf havde påtænkt værket titlen "Styrmand Andreasson og Konsorter". Der findes adskillige andre kuriositeter og morsomheder, såsom kommentaren "Her har/ du overset/ den manglende/ Tankestreg/ mellem Stud og med/ Ha! Ha!" på 1. prøvetrykket af noderne til "Bedæk med friske Krandse", hvoraf det desuden fremgår, at den oprindelige titel var "Trøsterig Vise for bedragne Ægtemænd."Manuskriptet bærer en egenhændig dediktion til Karen Else (Seedorfs hustru, også kendt som "Spindevinde"): "Som Hans siger:/ Vor Moders Navn ved et Anker, boys,/ og saa Navnet paa hende, I veed!/ Din hengivne Ven/ Niels Clemmensen." Manuskriptet bærer Karen Elses ex libris. Vedlagt et eksemplar af den trykte originaludgave.

Lancaster, American Institute of Physics, 1939. Royal8vo. In the original green printed wrappers. In "The Physical Review", Volume 56, Second Series, Number 5, September 1. With cloth back-strip. A quire, affecting both papers, detached but without any loss of paper. A few minor tear throughout, far from affecting text. [Bohr & Wheeler:] Pp. 426-50. [Oppenheimer & Snyder:] Pp. 455-59. [Entire volume: Pp. 387-486]. First printing of two landmark papers, all of seminal importance in history of physics: The intricacies of the fission process, the groundwork for atomic and hydrogen bombs and the forgotten birth of black holes: The first theoretical description of a black hole, the production of a singularity when a sufficiently large neutron star collapses.Oppenheimer and Snyder's "ON CONTINUED GRAVITATIONAL CONTRACTION" constitute the very first theoretical prediction of a singularity when a sufficiently large neutron star collapses. This phenomenon was later to be coined as a black hole. "Had J. Robert Oppenheimer not led the US effort to build the atomic bomb, he might still have been remembered for figuring out how a black hole could form." (American Physical Society). The paper has by several physics historians been described as the forgotten birth of black holes. "Oppenheimer and his graduate student George Volkoff presented the first analysis of the formation of a neutron star in a 1939 Physical Review paper titled, "On Massive Neutron Stars". Oppenheimer wondered what would happen to a very massive neutron star. The Schwartzschild analysis of General Relativity has a theoretical limit, called the "Schwartzschild limit", when the ratio of mass-to-radius of a star is 236,000 times greater than the ratio for our sun. When this limit is exceeded, the Schwartzschild analysis does not yield a solution. Oppenheimer believed that a neutron star could have sufficient mass to exceed this limit. What would happen to it? Oppenheimer and his graduate student Hartland Snyder applied General Relativity theory to a star with sufficient mass and density to exceed the Schwartzschild limit. The Schwartzschild analysis assumed that the size of the star stays constant with time. Oppenheimer and Snyder found that they could achieve a real solution from General Relativity when the Schwartzschild limit is exceeded by assuming that the diameter of the star decreases with time. They presented their analysis in a 1939 Physical Review paper, titled, "On Continual Gravitational Contraction," which concluded with: "When all thermonuclear sources of energy are exhausted, a sufficiently heavy star will collapse. Unless fission due to rotation, the radiation of mass, or the blowing off of mass by radiation, reduce the star's mass to the order of that of the sun, this contraction will continue indefinitely." This analysis concluded that when the Schwartzschild limit is exceeded, the star must collapse indefinitely until it reaches a singularity having an infinite density of matter" (Bjornson, Singularity Predictions of General Relativity, P. 4).The Chandrasekhar / Eddington controvery in the mid 30ies did discuss the fate of neutron stars but the first thoroughly theoretical desciption was first published here. "THE MECHANISM OF NUCLEAR FISSION" is the first fully worked out theory of nuclear fission, which laid the groundwork for atomic and hydrogen bombs."Wheeler's technical mastery of physics is best seen in the classic paper of Bohr and Wheeler. Bohr and Wheeler wrote the paper in Princeton, where Bohr was visiting in the spring of 1939, a few months after the discovery of fission. The paper is a masterpiece of clear thinking and lucid writing. It reveals, at the center of the mystery of fission, a tiny world where everything can be calculated and everything understood. The tiny world is a nucleus of uranium 236, formed when a neutron is freshly captured by a nucleus of uranium 235. The uranium 236 nucleus sits precisely on the border between classical and quantum physics. Seen from the classical point of view, it is a liquid drop composed of a positively charged fluid. The electrostatic force that is trying to split it apart is balanced by the nuclear surface tension that is holding it together. The energy supplied by the captured neutron causes the drop to oscillate in various normal modes that can be calculated classically. Seen from the quantum point of view, the nucleus is a superposition of a variety of quantum states leading to different final outcomes. The final outcome may be a uranium 235 nucleus with a re-emitted neutron, or a uranium 236 nucleus with an emitted gamma-ray, or a pair of fission-fragment nuclei with one or more free neutrons. Bohr and Wheeler calculate the cross-section for fission of uranium 235 by a slow neutron and get the right answer within a factor of two. Their calculation is a marvelous demonstration of the power of classical mechanics and quantum mechanics working together. By studying this process in detail, they show how the complementary views provided by classical and quantum pictures are both essential to the understanding of nature. Without the combined power of classical and quantum concepts, the intricacies of the fission process could never have been understood. Bohr's notion of complementarity is triumphantly vindicated" (John Archibald Wheeler, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 154 (2010)).

Copenhagen, 1935-40. Large 4to. Bound in one nice solid hcalf. Text to each volume and 200 superb chromolithographed plates. Index practically bound separately in hcloth with titlelabel. This copy has belonged to the main collaborator N.F. Buchwald, bearing his name and exlibris. First edition. One of the technically finest chromolithographed books ever produced. More than a thousand species are described. The descriptions are brief because most specific details can be seen, and the author even recommends that they should be examined with a lens. - "Flora agaricina Danica...are both scientifically invaluable and superb examples of modern printing" (G.C. Ainsworth) - Nissen BBI:1132.

Erevan, Hayastani Petakan Hratarakch'ut'yun, 1963. Royal8vo. In publisher's full green cloth with gilt lettering to spine and front board. Light wear to extremities, primarily affecting spine. Inner font hinge split, otherwise a fine and clean copy. 591, (1) pp. + 2 plates. First printing of the exceedingly rare second Armenian translation of Darwin's landmark work. The first translation (translated by S. Sargsyan) was published in 1936 and both translations are of the upmost scarcity. Due to the relatively low number of people speaking Armenian (approximately 3 million in Armenia and 7 million outside) books in Armenian were printed in comparatively low numbers. This is one of the very few translations of "Origin of Species" of which Freeman has not listed the collation. This suggests that he never actually saw the copy but only read of it. Freeman 631.R.B. Darwin Online, F631.

London, A. Linde, 1755. Folio (370 x 225). Bound in a nice later half calf binding with six bands and gilt lettering to spine. Light miscoluring to spine otheriwse a very find and clean copy. XXIII, (1), 206, VII, (1), 291,(1) + Index (12) pp. + large folded hand coloured map and 28 engraved plates. First and only English edition of Erich Pontoppidan's extensive work on the flora and fauna of Norway. The first part deals with geology and plants, the second animals, birds and sea creatures, including a depiction of a huge sea serpent. Pontoppidan (1698-1764), the Bishop of Bergen from 1747 to 1754 and a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Copenhagen, published the original Danish version in 1752-3. Wood, Vertebrate Zoology, 522 ESTC T89156 Cox I, 183 Nissen, ZBI 3224

Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1826. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff", Bd. 6 + 7, Viertes u. Fünftes Stück. (Entire issues 4 and 5 present). Titlepage to vol. 6. Pp. 369-514 a. 1 engraved plate, Titlepage to vol. 7. Pp. 1-136 a. 1 engreved plate. Ohms paper: pp. 459-469, pp. 45-54 a. pp. 117-118.. Clean and fine. First appearence of a major paper in 19th century electrical theory, breaking new ground in associating an electric tension with both open and closed galvanic circuits, unifying the theory of Galvanic electricity, and containing Ohm's Law in the simpler and last form."Ohm's second major paper of 1826 announced the beginnings of a comprehensive theory of galvanic electricity based, he said, on the fact that the contact of heterogenous bodies produced and maintained a constant electric tension (Spannung). He deferred the systematic exposition of thsi theory to a later work, however, and limited himself to stating without derivation the two eqautions that constituted its heart: X=kw(a/l) and u-c = +/- (x/l)a,whereX is the strenght of the electric current in a conductor of lenght l, cross section w, and conductibility (Leitungsvermögen) k produced by a difference in electric tension a at its end points. By means of the first equation one can, ...reduce the actual lenght of a wire of whatever cross section and conductibility to the equivalent lenght of one of the wire chosen arbitrarily as a standard. Letting l now be this equivalent lenght - called the reduced lenght (reducirte Länge) of the conductor - Ohm WROTE HIS FIRST LAW IN THE SIMPLER FORM X=a/l, THE EXPRESSION WHICH HAS BECOME KNOWN AS OHM'S LAW."(DSB X, pp. 188-89).

Kjöbenhavn, Em. Bærentzen & Co. Lith. Inst., 1856 og 1859. Tvær-folio. (31 x 42 cm.). Samtidigt hldrbd. Forgyldt ryg- og permtitel: "Danmark Fremstillinger af Stæder og Egne i det Danske Monarchie". Ryg repareret og delvist fornyet. I solid kassette. Titelblad i farvelitografi. Indholdsfortegnelse til Danmarks-Bindet (Östifterne, Jylland, Slesvig, Bilande) og trykt tekstblad til hver planche. Med 61 (af 77) litograferede plancher, nogle i farver. Her iblandt 5 fra Island, 3 fra Grønland, 3 fra Vestindiske øer, 12 fra Slesvig. - Holsteen & Lauenborg-Bindet indeholder 17 (af 24) litograferede plancher samt litograferet titelblad. Yderligere er indsat 4 plancher (3 vedr. Marienlyst, Helsingør og Ratzeburg i Holsteen & Lauenborg- Bindet). Nogle plancher lettere brunplettede, dog mest marginalt. Bindet vedrørende Holsteen og Lauenborg er ganske sjældent forekommende.

Paris, Crochard et Comp., 1839. Orig. printed yellow wrappers (no backstrip). In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', 2e series, Volume 71, Juillet- issue, pp. 225-352 (entire July-issue offered with orig. wrappers and titlepage to vol. 71). Arago's paper: pp. 313-340. First printing of probably the first (the Juillet issue of Annales) official announcement of Daguerre's invention of the photographic process. The paper offered here preceeded the official report in Comptes Rendues which was published at the end of 1839 (in the July-December issue). The first report of on the discovery was presented to the Royal Academy on January 7, 1839 and delivered in full on August 19, 1839 (and printed in the July-Dec. issue of Comptes Rendues). The paper also preceeded Daguerre's own publication of 1839 "Historique et description du daguerréotypie..."In 1839 Arago took a personal interest in announcing and popularizing the inventions of Niepce and Daguerre, who were awarded government pensions as a result of Arago’s recognition of their inventions’ potential significance."In 1829 Daguerre went into partnership with Niepce, who had managed to produce images by the action of light some three years earlier but had failed to make the process really practical. Daguerre carried on and began to use copper plates on which silver salts were deposited. ight was made to focus upon that and an image was formed. The light portions of the image darkened the salts, while the shadowy portions left them unaffected. The unchanged salt was dissolved away by sodium thiosulfate (a process that had been suggested by John Herschel and a permanent image of sorts was left behind."(Asimov).Together with JEAN CHARLES PELTIER "Mémoire sur la Formation des Tables des Rapports qu'il y entre la Force d'un Courant électrique et la Déviation des aiguilles des multiplicateurs; suivi de Recherches sur la Causes de Pertubation des couples thermo-électriques...", pp. 225-313.

Paris, Mallet-Bachelier, 1857. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome 45, No 22. Pp. (909-) 940. (Entire issue offered with titlepage and halftitle to volume 45). Pasteur's paper: pp. 913-916. First printing of this landmark paper (published in full the year after in "Mémoires de la Societe des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des arts de Lille" and in "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" (1858)), marking Pasteur's commencement of the study of fermentation. The offered paper was read in extract on the Séance du Lundi 30 Novembre). Here Pasteur found that lactic acid fermentation is due to small corpuscles of yeast cells, and thus carried out by living bacteria. He hereby ended the long controversy with Liebig, who insisted that fermentation was a purrely chemical phenomenon that did not involve living organisms. THE MEMOIR IS CONSIDERED THE FOUNDING PAPER OF MICROBIOLOGY."Pateur's researches on fermentationm led him to the discovery of the bacteria and yeasts and hence to the germ theory of disease: FROM THIS ALL MODERN BACTERIOLOGY AND IMMUNIOLOGY DEVELOPED."(Garrison & Morton, note to 2472)."There (at the University of Lille) he became interested in the problem of France's importent wine industry. Wine and beer often went sour as they aged and millions of francs were lost as a result. Wasn't there some chemical to prevent this ? In 1856 a Lille industrialist turned to the famous young chemist and put the problem to him. Pasteur agreed to tackle the matter and turned to the microscope. He found almost at once that when the wine and beer aged properly, the liquid contains little speherical globules of yeast cells. When wine and beer turn sour, the yeast cells are elongated. Clearly there are two types of yeast, one of which produces alcohol (good) and the other lactic acid (bad). Pasteur was the first to show definitely that fermentation involves living organisms and that it is necessary to supply the correct organism to provide the correct type of fermentation."(Isaac Asimov).Dibner No. 198. (= the offered paper in Comptes Rendus). - Garrison & Morton 2472.

Kjøbenhavn, 1845. Bound uncut with the original printed wrappers in a lovely marbled paper binding (August Sandgren) with gilt leather title label to spine. Front wrapper with small marginal professional paper restoration. An excellent copy with usual brownspotting. Scarce first edition, extremely rare with the original wrappers, of the first edition of the third "collection" of Andersen's second fairy tale-collection, containing five of his best fairy tales in the first printing - among them the cherished tales "The Red Shoes" and "The Shepherdess and the Chimney-Sweep ".The five famous fairy tales that all appear here for the first time are: Elverhøi (The Elf Mound), De røde Skoe (The Red Shoes), Springfyrerne (The Jumpers), Hyrdinden og Skorsteensfeieren (The Shepherdess and the Chimney-Sweep), Holger Danske (Holger Danske - Holger the Dane). BFN: 467 - 468, 469, 470, 471, 472.

Kiøbenhavn, Joh. Phil. Bockenhoffer, 1695. Samtidigt hellæderbind. Ryg med blindtrykte stempler. Titel ligeledes i blindtryk. Ryg med lidt krakeleringer. I kassette med skindforstærkninger. Kobberstukket titelblad med teksten 200 Viser... (Vedels inkluderet). Bogtrykt titelblad trykt i rød/sort. (48),783,(11 - Register) pp. Med navnetræk af tidligere ejere: P. von Gersdorf (øverst på det kobberstukne titelblad) og J.C.P. Wormskjold. Usædvanligt velbevaret eksemplar med nogle få svage skjolder og enkelte brunpletter. Contemporary full calf binding. Spine with blindstamped title and decorations. Leather on spine with cracks. Housed in slip-case with leather edges. Engraved title-page with the text "200 Vider..." (including those of Vedel). Printed title-page in red and black. Title-page with the ownership signatures of P. Gersdorf J.C.P. Wormskjold. Unusually well preserved copy with only minor vagie damp staining and very little brownspotting. (48), 783, (11 - Index) pp. Den yderst sjældne originaludgave, her tilmed i det egentlige førsteoplag idet der findes 3 forskellige tryk med samme årstal, de 2 med træstukket titelblad, hvor førsteoplaget (som her) har kobberstukket titelblad. Thesaurus (II,676) anfører, at de "to sidste er dog sandsynligvis først udkommet efter århundredskiftet". Et monument i dansk litteratur idet Peder Syv her viderefører Anders Sørensen Vedels Visebog. Exceedingly scarce first edition, in the even scarcer first issue, of this monument of Danish literature, folk tales, folk song, and story telling. Three issues appeared with the same year on the title-page; only the first issue has the engraved title-page. According to Thesaurus, the two other issues were presumably only issued after the turn of the century, even though the bear the printing date 1695. Peder Syv’s magnificent work collecting the songs narrating the tales about our kings, giants and other greats is one of the most important treasure troves of Danish and Scandinavian folk songs and tales. The work contains Anders Sørensen Vedel’s 100 songs, to which is added another 100 songs taken from manuscripts, fly leaves, and word-to-mouth, also preserving translations of skaldic epics that would otherwise have been lost. He also included a few contemporary poems, such as Laurids Kok’s “Danmark dejligst, Vang og Vænge, which is one of the most beloved songs about our country, printed here for the first time. The work was very popular and was reprinted several times in the 18th century. Thesaurus II,676. - Bibl. Danica IV,192.

K., 1866-1995. 8vo. 1866-1912 indb. i to slags hldrbd. 1914-64 i hæfter og resten i orig. papbd. Mangler 3 årg.: 1880,1913,1934.

Paris, 1907. 8vo. Bound uncut in a later brown half calf with gilt title-label and gilt lines to spine. Neat marginal repairs to a few leaves and first two leaveas trimmed at lower margin. Signed author's presentation-inscription to half-title. (4), VIII, 403 pp. + 31 pp. of advertisements from Félix Alcan. Rare first edition, presentation-copy for Jean Baruzi, of Bergson's seminal main work, the "Creative Evolution", his most famous and influential book, which constitutes the great philosopher's cult-like showdown with Darwinian mechanism, which resulted in a theory of cosmic evolution that covered everything from biology and other sciences to metaphysics and religion.Jean Baruzi (1881-1953), an important French philosopher and historian of religion, specialized in Leibnitz and William James, was a student of Bergson. He was the author of a controversial dissertation, "St. John of the Cross and the Problem of Mystical Experience", which gave an existential-phenomenological description of religious andguish and the "lived experience" of the mystic. He was a professor at the Collège de Frace and held the Histoy of Religion chair after Alfred Loisy. In 1907, when Henri Bergson's third book, "Creative Evolution", was published, the seminal French philosopher, who had studied both mathematics and philosophy, possessed the professor chair of modern philosophy at the Collège de France. Though the book was the result of several years of extremely thorough research, Bergson himself could have hardly foreseen the effect that this book was going to have throughout the 19th century with an amazing revival in the 20th century, making him one of the most important philosophers of his time.Always committed to the reality of time as the basis and as a source of creative change, Bergson, in his magnum opus, sets out to free the sciences of psychology and biology from the materialism and mechanism that had dominated them in the late nineteenth century and due to which they had been made unable to explain creativity, growth and change. He makes an amazing new contribution to the theory of knowledge by providing an account of creative evolution and the creative mind, thereby freeing psychology and biology from a number of problems otherwise unsolvable through philosophical and scientific explanations. Bergson accepts the historical facts of evolution but rejects all the mechanistic and materialistic explanations of the evolutionary process. Like Darwin, he accepts natural selection as an explanation of extinction, but he does not accept it as an explanation of evolutionary change, and likewise with Lamarck, Spencer, and the orthogenesists, he accepts the foundational theories of evolution but only to the point at which mechanism or materialism sets in, instead of which, he basically explains further change and growth with a basic vital principle that accounts for creative changes.As such, "Creative Evolution" sets out to found a philosophy that can account for the continuity of all living things, for both the creation of life and the diversity that results from creation, and Bergson does this with his idea of an original vital principle, a governing immaterial force of life, a sort of natural creative impulse, that embraces the whole of life in one. The book was hugely popular when it appeared, and its immediate immense influence lasted a couple of decades, making Bergson an internationally acknowledged cult-like hero of a French intellectual. After the Second World War, though, the interest in Bergson decreased, only to be reawakened in the late 1960'ies where a growing interest in his works re-emerged, making him to this day one of the most read philosophers of the early 20th century. There can be no doubt as to the continued influence of his works.

Leipzig, Thomas Fritschen, 1706. 4to. In contemporary full vellum with yapp edges and gilt lettering to spine. All edges coloured in red. Light wear to extremities. Ex-libris (Carl Juel, Danish statesman and owner of Valdemar's Castle) pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Two-line note in contemporary hand to front free end-paper. First 5 leaves evenly browned. A very nice and clean copy. (14), 786 pp. + frontispiece depicting Sophia Electress of Hanover, Hereditary Princess of England, mother of George I. The very rare first edition of this important and influential first English/German dictionary: “Thus when, in 1706, Ludwig inaugurated the history of bilingual German/English lexicography, it was as a somewhat late first entrant to the history of bilingual dictionaries among what we might today consider the ‘major’ languages of Europe, and certainly notably later than English–French, English–Spanish, English–Italian and English–Dutch lexicography. It is telling that Ludwig had recourse to the older practice of adapting an existing bilingual source. There were as yet no monolingual German dictionaries on which to draw.” (McLelland, Christian Ludwig (1660–1728) and the beginnings of German/English lexicography) Ludwig’s dictionary was not only the first but also so good it was do dominate the market for an entire century. The first leaves comprise a long dedication to Sophia, Electress of Hanover. For a time it looked as if she was to succeed to the throne of England, hence the relative sudden interest in Germany of such a dictionary. Sophia died less than two months before she would have become Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Consequently, her son George I became King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714. “Dedicating his 1706 dictionary to Sophia, Electoral Princess and duchess-dowager of Hanover, Ludwig remarked on the change in Anglo-German relations from previous entfremdung und widerwillen (‘alienation and antipathy’) to eine erwünschte vereinigung (‘a desired unification’) through the anticipated royal dynastic connection. In 1716 Ludwig similarly pointed out that his German–English dictionary was timely (‘an der zeit’), since the ascent of the Hanoverian George I to the throne in 1714 meant English and German people were now ‘würcklich verknüpfft’ (‘really connected’). (McLelland, Christian Ludwig (1660–1728) and the beginnings of German/English lexicography). It was reprinted in 1736, 1763 and 1791.

Berlin & Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter, 1925. Large 4to. (300x234mm). The entire volume 154 [(4),259,(1) pp.] offered here in original blank wrappers. Exceptionally fine. First edition of von Nuemann's first significant publication, in which he introduced the concept of classes, and gave the first finite axiomatisation of set theory.

1810-11. Folio. (36,5x23,5 cm.). Nyere hldrbd. i brun oaseged. Består af 9 sider i håndskreven folio, uden forfatterangivelse. Bladenes kanter og bund lidt flossede, nederste del af tekstsiderne med lidt misfarvning og skjolder. Det håndtegnede kort (20,5x21,5 cm.) er opsat bagerst, men noget brunet, med en revne og fragilt. Det er håndkoloreret og med bogstavsignaturer (A-K) angives kortets skovområder (A. Teglstrup Hegn etc.etc.). De på kortet indførte tal (1-125) henviser til en medfølgende planche "Tallenes Forklaring" som navngiver 125 steder, som iøvrigt er omtalt i tekstdelen. Unik militær-topografisk beskrivelse af Nordøstsjælland fra Hellebæk i nord over Helsingør, Lokkerup, Snekkersten, Espergærde, Humlebæk, Sletten, Nivaa til Mikkelborg i syd samt de bagved liggende landskaber, landsbyer, gårde, skove, søer m.v. i en "trekant" som udgøres af hjørnerne Hellebæk/Helsingør - Frederiksborg/Herlöw - Mikkelborg.Efter englændernes landgang 1807 under Syv-årskrigen, kom Sundets kystforsvar under nøje inspektion, idet englænderne i 1807, uden at møde nogen modstand, landsatte deres hær mellem Skodsborg og Vedbæk. Den foreliggende topografiske undersøgelse må anskues under denne synsvinkel; og det står klart, at det er en militær-topograf som har affattet beretningen, som ud over en fyldig topografisk beskrivelse indeholder vurderinger af, hvorledes landområdet, med henblik på en gentagelse af et angreb, bedre kunne befæstes og beskyttes. Således anbefales anlægget af forskellige kystbatterier til beskydning ved angreb, og et telegraf-system foreslåes (semifor-telegrafi). Af et sådant indeholder beskrivelsen endda en lille tegning.Et eksempel på den topografiske beskrivelse: "Snekkersteen og Lokkerup er ubetydelige Fiskerbyer. (de)..tæt bag Snekkersteen værende høie Bakker som hen ad Lokkerup (er) noget Skovgroet, tilbyder et godt Forsvar mod en (Landed) Fiende, og især da Skandsøre Batterie kan assistere (den) venstre Fløy - (ved) Snekkersteen er en Kystsignal(streng), som signalerer til Gaard Kÿst Signalen ? paa Alshoÿ, ved Nyboe (?) Strandstykke fra Helsingör til Lokkerup er meget sandig og besværlig at passere (for ?) alle Troppe Arter.....etc....Agemose er en liden bye som er og kommet ved fulgte almindelige Udskiftning...terrainet som (omslutter)...fra Fuglefængehusene til Agemose og Teglstrup hegn bestaaer (for) størstedelen af Lÿng og af...."

Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. In contemporary full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Annalen der Physik", Vierte Folge, Band 23. Entire volume offered. Ex-libris pasted on to top right corner of pasted down front free end-paper. Light rubbing to extremities, a very fine and clean copy (not an ex-library copy). Pp.371-384. [Entire volume: VIII, 1000 pp. + 4 plates]. First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's landmark energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' (see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 4 pp.323 for examples). However, in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' [the offered paper] which predates the former mentioned by six months, Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade, pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper, 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2, and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, e.g., that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' [the offered paper] Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein "Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"", pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works, Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19.

Altona, und in der Cramerischen Handlung in Bremen, (1770). 8vo. Contemp. marbled boards. The marbled paper on covers gone, scratches to marbled paper on spine. (Binding fully intact). Title-and tomelabels in leather with gilt lettering. A stamp on foot of title-page. (6),XXIV,560,32;VIII,112 pp. Some scattered brownspots, mainly to "Verbesserungen des ersten Theiles" and to title-pages. Very scarce first edition of Basedow's main work in educational theory meant to explain his "Elementarwerk".He was strongly influenced by Rousseau's ideas on education in Emile, and he proposed the reform of schools and of the common methods of instruction, the establishment of an institute for qualifying teachers and solicited subscriptions for the printing of a new, illustrated, book, Elementarwerk ("Elementary Book"), where his principles were to be explained at length assisted by "Das Methodenbuch".Basedow was called to Denmark in 1753 to become professor at Soroe Akademi, where he stayed for 8 years. He was dismissed to Altona in 1761 caused by his theological views going against the prevailing orthodoxy. While he stayed in Soroe he published his "Praktische Philosophie für alle Stände", 1758.

Leiden, Joannis Maire, 1653 - Amsterdam, Ioannes Blaeu, 1650. 4to. One contemp. full vellum. Contemp. handwritten titles (weak) to spine. First title in red/black with large engraved titlevignette. (8),154,(1) pp. (Ars Historica 1653) - (16),94,(14) pp. (Grammatistice etc. 1650) - (8),83,(15) pp. (De Philologia, 1650) - (16),467,(33) pp. (De Universae Mathesios..., 1650). Fine and clean. First edition of "De Qvattuor Artibus..." (which includes "De Universae Mathesios" with separate titlepage) and second edition of "Ars Historica"The mathematical work: Poggendorff II, 1235. "de Mathesios.": "According to prof. Cantor, (it) is the first history of mathematics in its widest sense". Honeyman Coll., 3081.

Paris, Bossange Frères, 1823. 8vo. Completely uncut in the original printed wrappers. A bit of wear to spine and extremities, and internally a bit of light brownspotting, but overall a very nice copy in the rare and fragile original wrappers. VIII, 318 pp. The very rare first edition of the first French translation of the seminal main work by the co-founder of classical economics (together with Ricardo) and a main popularizer of utilitarianism James Mill. The work is considered the first textbook of Ricardian economics as well as the first popular exposition of the principles of classical economics. As such the work, and the important translations of it into the other main languages of Europe - French and German -, came to exercise a profound influence on later economis.The work originally appeared in English in 1821, and apart from the first edition, the present first French translation constitutes the most important edition of the work. "In Elements of Political Economy, James Mill describes his ideas (in the Schumpeterean sense) using economic thought and economic analysis. He uses examples of the Industrial Revolution (industry) and the agricultural industry surrounding England. The utilitarian economist, father of John Stewart Mill, discusses his theory of velocity of circulation of money, the interest from capital as the result of wages of labor (against Ricardian theory), and many other economic principles. James Mill historically writes "the aggregate of commodities, taken all together, there is neither fall nor rise" an issue later paraphrased by Karl Marx in his Das Kapital." (Review - from the 1999-edition of the work)."James Mill, (1773 - 1836), Scottish philosopher, historian, and economist. He was prominent as a representative of philosophical radicalism, a school of thought also known as Utilitarianism, which emphasized the need for a scientific basis for philosophy as well as a humanist approach to politics and economics. His eldest son was the celebrated Utilitarian thinker John Stuart Mill.... His Elements of Political Economy (1821), an especially precise and lucid work, summarizes the views of the philosophical radicals..." (British Encycl.).

Leiden, Elie Luzac jun., 1750. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with five raised bands and richly gilt spine. Light wear to extremities, top of spine with small tear, otherwise a fine copy. XXXII, 440 pp. + 9 plates, primarily folded. First (and only) Dutch edition of the description of the voyage of the ships Dobbs and California to Hudson Bay in Canada (1746-1747), where they finally proved the nonexistence of a North West passage from Hudson Bay. "The first part contains a synopsis of twenty-three English voyages to discover the Northwest Passage, a history of the rise of the Hudson's Bay Company, and the discovery attempted from New England. The second part gives an account of a voyage under Captains Moor and Francis Smith, financed by private subscription, with Arthur Dobbs the leading subscriber. Ellis, also a subscriber, was hydrographer, surveyor, and mineralogist on the expedition, which proved, finally, the nonexistence of a Northwest Passage from Hudson Bay. The voyage led to a rapid decline of British interest in the search for a Northwest Passage, which was not revived until 1816. The work includes many valuable observations on tides, on the vagaries of the compass, and on the customs of the Eskimos, people then practically unknown" (Hill – referring the the original English edition from 1749). Sabin 22315

Kopenhagen, 1837. 8vo. Uncut and unopened in the original printed wrappers. A A completely fresh copy - mint condition. (4), 108, (4 - advertisements) pp. Scarce first German edition of this milestone publication, which laid the foundation of modern archaeology and transformed it into an exact science. With this seminal publication, Thomsen was the first to establish an evidence-based division of prehistory into discrete periods, and with it he became the originator of the three-age system (the division into Stone Age - Bronze Age - Iron Age), which is "the basic chronology that now underpins the archaeology of most of the Old World" (Rowley-Conwy: From Genesis to Prehistory, p.1). This foundational work altered our understanding of our world and our place in it and contains the first use of "culture" in an archaeological context."Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, (born Dec. 29, 1788, Copenhagen, Den.-died May 21, 1865, Copenhagen), Danish archaeologist who deserves major credit for developing the three-part system of prehistory, naming the Stone, Bronze, and Iron ages for the successive stages of man's technological development in Europe. His tripartite scheme brought the first semblance of order to prehistory and formed the basis for chronological schemes developed for other areas of the globe by succeeding generations of archaeologists." (Encycl. Britt.).Up until the beginning of the 19th century, our understanding of antiquities had been very loose and fumbling. Studying the artifacts, earlier archaeologists had used a great deal of imagination, especially when adapting information from written sources to the objects. Only when Thomsen enters the scene, this approach changes. He is the first to focus the investigation upon the artifacts themselves. Quickly realizing that this approach must be the only way forward, he soon distinguished clearly between objects, both similar and different, and established what belonged together in time and where there were chronological differences. He was among the first to differentiate between history that could be studied through written sources and prehistory which could only be studied through material culture. He realized - as the first - that in order to interpret findings of prehistoric objects, one would have to know their source and the context in which they were found - thus establishing the foundation for modern excavation technique. He trained the great archaeologist J.J.A. Worsaae and sent him on excavation expeditions to acquire artifacts for ethnographic museum that he had founded and thus also founded Danish archaeology. Thomsen was the first to perceive typologies of grave goods, grave types, methods of burial, pottery and decorative motifs, and to assign these types to layers found in excavation, thus combining our different sources of knowledge to establish certainty. When, in 1836, the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries published Thomsen's illustrated contribution to "Guide to Scandinavian Archaeology" (i.e. the present publication), in which he put forth his chronology for the first time, together with comments about typology and stratigraphy, Thomsen already had an international reputation. But this publication gave him more than that - it made him the founder of modern archaeology and arguably the most influential archaeologist of all times. In 1816 Thomsen had been appointed head of "antiquarian" collections, which later developed into the National Museum of Denmark. It was while organizing and classifying the antiquities for exhibition that he discovered how much more sense it would make to present them chronologically, and so he did, using what is now known as the "three-age system". Proposing that prehistory had advanced from an age of stone tools, to ages of tools made from bronze and iron was not in itself a novel idea, but no previous proposals allowed for the dating of artifacts (which Thomsen's system did for the first time) and they were all presented as systems of evolution. Refining the idea of stone-bronze-iron phases, Thomsen turned it into a chronological system by seeing which artifacts occurred with which other artifacts in closed finds. In this way, he was the first to establish an evidence-based division of prehistory into discrete periods. It is this seminal achievement that led to his being credited as the originator of the three-age system.He provided for the first time a solid empirical basis for the system that ever since the present publication has laid at the foot of all archaeological research. He showed that artifacts could be classified into types and that these types varied over time in ways that correlated with the predominance of stone, bronze or iron implements and weapons. In this way he turned the Three-age System from being an evolutionary scheme based on intuition and general knowledge into a system of relative chronology supported by archaeological evidence."His published and personal advice to Danish archaeologists concerning the best methods of excavation produced immediate results that not only verified his system empirically but placed Denmark in the forefront of European archaeology for at least a generation. He became a national authority when C.C Rafn, secretary of the Kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab ("Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries"), published his principal manuscript in "Ledetraad til Nordisk Oldkyndighed" ("Guide to Scandinavian Archaeology") in 1836."This groundbreaking publication was immediately translated into German (published the following year, 1837), in which form it reached a wide audience, influencing the archaeologists of all of Europe. In 1848, it was published in English and became highly influential on the development of archaeology theory and practice in Great Britain and the United States.In 1849 Thomsen founded the world's first ethnografic museum, which continued to contribute significantly to the development of modern archaeology."Throughout the course of the nineteenth century growing amounts of archaeological material were being recovered as the vastly expanding engineering activities of the Industrial Revolution were transforming Central and Western Europe into the "workshop of the world." Indeed, much of the popular appeal of archaeology in early Victorian times lay in its seeming demonstration that this contemporary technological advancement, which both intrigued and delighted the middle classes, was no mere accident but the acceleration of a tendency for "progress" which was innate in humankind. This evidence that cultural evolution as opposed to degeneration from an original state of grace had been a significant feature of human history made archaeology pre-eminently a science of progress. Within the context of the history of the discipline, however, the birth of this "scientific archaeology", as distinct from the antiquarianism of earlier times, is generally associated with the unfolding of the "Three Age System" and the pioneering work of C.J. Thomsen.While in the past a few archaeologists had attempted to subdivide prehistoric materials into various temporal segments, it was Thomsen who first envisaged, and applied, on the basis of archaeological evidence, a systematic classification of antiquities according to the criteria of material use and form which could be correlated with a sequence of temporal periods: the Ages of Stone, Bronze, and Iron, familiar to every student of archaeology for the last hundred years. The novelty of this approach, however, did not lie in the concept of technological development gleaned from his familiarity with the conjectural history of the Enlightenment, or in his assumption of a sequence of Stone, Bronze, or Iron Ages, itself a variation of Lucretius' popular model. Rather, it lay in his employment of "seriational principles" acquired from his extensive knowledge of numismatics, which he used to combine evidence concerning technology, grave goods, along with the shape and decoration of various artefacts into an internally consistent developmental sequence. Though Thomsen's Museum of Northern Antiquities in Denmark had arranged its collection of artefacts in accordance with this new system as early as 1819, the first written account of his research was not set out in print until the "Ledetraad til Nordisk Oldkyndighed" ("Guide Book to Northern/Nordic Antiquities") was published in 1836. While prior to Thomsen's work, thinking about antiquities in both Europe and the United States bas both intellectually fragmented and essentially speculative, the publication of the "Ledetraad" and its translation into German a year later unified archaeological studies by providing scholars with an exemplar or "paradigm". For, while previously antiquarians and indeed classical archaeologists, who were interested in what are now recognized to be prehistoric remains, tended to look to written records and/or oral traditions to provide a historical context for their finds, it was Thomsen who liberated archaeologists from this restrictive assumption through the creation of a carefully controlled chronology which allowed for the comprehensive study of those periods in history for which NO written records were available. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Thomsen's system established itself as THE system, as his basic classification of artefacts, arranged in periods by virtue of an analogy with the form and function of tools in his own day, was modified an elaborated upon by, among others, Worsaae, de Mortillet and John Lubbock." (D.A. Nestor: Cognitive Perspectives on Israelite Identity, pp. 46-48).

Warszawa, 1887. 4to. In contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine and four raised bands. Spine with wear and top right corner (3 x 5 cm) of title-page lacking, not affecting text. Internally fine and clean. (4), II, 412, XVIII pp. Extremely rare first Polish translation of Darwin’s Journal of Researches: "His first published book is undoubtedly the most often read and stands second only to ‘On the origin of Species’ as the most often printed. It is an important travel book in its own right and its relation to the background of his evolutionary ideas has often been stressed."(Freeman p. 31).Freeman 223

London, MacMillan & Co. 1902. Original red cloth pictorially stamped in black and white (in a design by the author) on covers, lettered in white on front cover, and pictorially stamped and lettered in white on spine. White pigment flaking a little, mainly on the spine, but far less than usual. With slipcase. Minimal foxing to endpapers. [6], 249, [2]; 22 plates by Kipling. First edition of one of Kipling's best known and most beloved works.

(Paris), Gallimard, (1957). Bound with the original printed wrappers in an elegant light brown morocco binding with gilt lettering to spine and waxed patterned paper in red-browninsh nuances to boards. Gilt lineborder to boards. Top-edge gilt. Binding signed Alain Devauchelle. Gilt super ex-libris to inside of front board. Housed in brown paper slipcase with light brown morocco-edges. An excellent, clean, blight, and fresh copy. With the original advertisement-leaf for "L'Exil et le Royaume". First edition, Service de Presse-copy ("S. P." punctured to bottom of back wrapper) - with signed presentation-inscription for the publisher Camille Bloch to half-title - of Camus' great collection of stories, which are considered among the best of his works. Together, these stoires cover the entire variety of existentialism - or absurdism. There is general consensus that the clearest manifestation of the ideals of Camus can be found in the present work.