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Göttingen, Dieterischen Buchhandlung, 1841. 4to. Uncut in orig. blank stiff blue wrappers. (2),34,(2- errata leaf) pp. Wide-margined. A few mild brownspots in margins. otherwise a clean and fine copy. First edition of the peak of "Gaussian dioptrics", Gauss' greatest achievement in the field of optics, which has been called "HIS GREATEST WORK". He gives the data on the construction of the image when the principal points and foci of the system are given, and finally formulas for a simple lens of nonvanishing thickness are given."In the same year he finished Dioptrische Untersuchungen (1841), in which he analyzed the path of light through a system of lenses and showed, among other things, that any system is equivalent to a properly chosen single lens. Although Gauss said that he had possessed the theory forty years before and considered it too elementary to publish, it has been labeled his greatest work by one of his scientific biographers (Clemens Schäfer. in Werke, XI, pt. 2, sec. 2, 189 ff.). In any case, it was his last significant scientific contribution." (DSB).

Amsterdam, d'Estienne Roger, 1702-07. Small 8vo. (15,5 x 10,5 cm.). Bound in 7 contemp. full calf. Richly gilt spines, titlelabels with gilt lettering. 3 titlelabels gone. Slightly rubbed, a few repairs to top of spines. Stamp on title-page and verso of. 7 engraved frontispieces. Ca. 4500 pp., 69 engraved plates, mostly large folded maps and charts.

Stockholm., 1868-(72). Atlas alene. Tvær-folio. 3 orig.helshirtmapper. Med 63+28+15 litograferede plancher. (15 plancher med lokomotiver og vogne). Ialt 106 plancher litograferede af Generalstaben, C.G.Höglind,Schlechter & Seedorff. Planchernes størrelse: 44 x 55 cm. A very rare and fine set of 106 lithographed plates depicting the Swedish trailway buildings and trains. Sweden started building railways comparatively late. Sweden hesitated under heavy debate for several years because of the costs and other issues. Following the parliament's decision in 1854 a colonel of the Navy Mechanical Corps, Nils Ericson, was chosen as the leader for the project of building the main lines (stambanorna). His proposal was that the line between Gothenburg and Stockholm (Västra Stambanan) should run south of Lake Mälaren to avoid competition with shipping. This was completed in 1862.He also proposed that the line between Malmö and Stockholm (Södra stamabanan) should go to Nässjö and then on to Falköping, where it would meet up with Västra stambanan. There was a decision that, for military reasons, the railways should avoid the coasts as much as possible.The railway to Falköping was a temporary solution until Östra stambanan between Nässjö and Katrineholm, which lay further up along Västra stambanan, could be built. Nils Ericson's proposal also included the railway between Stockholm and Ånge (Norra stambanan) and Stambanan genom övre Norrland ("the main line through Upper Norrland") which runs between Bräcke and Boden. A railway between Oslo and Laxå (Nordvästra stambanan) was also planned. Laxå lies on Västra stambanan.The first parts of Västra and Södra stambanan were opened in 1856. In 1862 the whole of Västra stambanan was opened and in 1864 Södra stambanan was opened in its entirety. Nordvästra stambanan was opened in 1871 and Östra stambanan in 1874.The Norra stambanan opened in 1881and Stambanan genom övre Norrland opened in 1894. A railway called Norrländska tvärbanan between Trondheim and Ånge opened in 1885.When Ericson resigned in 1862 his authority was divided between two agencies - Byggnadsbyrån (The Building Bureau) and Trafikbyrån (The Traffic Bureau). In 1888 the agencies were combined again as Kungliga Järnvägsstyrelsen (The Royal Railway Committee).

All: Antwerpen, Plantin; I: Balthasar Moretus, 1639, II: Apud Viduam & Filios Io. Moreti, 1636, III:Apud Balthasarem Moretum, & Viduam Ioannis Moreti, & Io. Meursium, 1630, IV: Johannes Moretus, 1610. 4to. Bound together in one contemporary full vellum binding with handwritten title to spine. Old crossed-out owner's name to first title-page and a few leaves with a few tears and creases to upper margin, far from affecting text, otherwise all works are very nice and clean, in very fine condition. I: Beautiful engraved printer's devise to title-page, beautiful woodcut vignettes and initials, and 17 excellently executed large (one small) engravings in the text (one full-page), most of which depict crucifications, a few of which depict coins. Woodcut printer's devise to last leaf. 96, (8) pp.II: Beautiful engraved title-vignette, beautiful woodcut initials, and two excellent engraved plates. Woodcut printer's devise to last leaf. (8), 86, (10) pp.III: Beautiful engraved title-vignette, beautiful woodcut initials. Woodcut printer's devise to last leaf. (8), 69, (11) pp.IV: Beautiful engraved printer's devise to title-page, beautiful woodcut vignettes and initials, 1 full-page engraving, woodcut printer's devise to last leaf. (8), 121, (7) pp. + 2 large folded engraved maps ("Lovanium" and "Hervelea").

Kiöbenhavn, Gyldendal, 1776 - 1777. 8vo. 4 volumes, uncut in publisher's original blue boards. Printed on heavy paper. Rebacked using old blue paper. Boards with marks and stains. Ex-libris and a few annotations in pencil to verso of front board. A few pages slightly stained but overall a very nice copy. The only copy we have seen on thick paper. Engraved frontispiece-portait of Carvantes (by Meno Haas) and 28 engraved plates by Georg Haas and Preisler. The rare first Danish translation of Cervantes’ Don Quixote, illustrated with elegant Rococo-style engravings copied from the French folio edition of 1746, is regarded as one of the greatest achievements of its time in the field of foreign literature translated into Danish. Dorothea Biehl approached the publisher Gyldendal, and a contract was drawn up. However, prior to this, she had already issued a prospectus and secured 350 subscribers. To honor this commitment, Biehl arranged to have 500 copies printed at her own initiative. Of these, Gyldendal agreed to take over the remaining 150 copies. In addition, Gyldendal was permitted to print a further 500 copies at its own expense, and the copperplates were transferred to the publisher. For each set sold, Biehl was to receive 600 rix-dollars. This particular copy is one of the original 500 printed on thick paper, and includes both the subscriber’s list and the Gyldendal title page.

Warszawa, March (presumably 27th, but no later than 31st) 1956. 8vo. Original printed wrappers. With "Wylacznie do uzytku organizacji partyjnych" ("Exclusively for inner-party use") printed to top of front wrapper. Stamped serial number to front wrapper: 0563. Some creases to spine and corners of wrappers and a tear to the back wrapper. Title-page a little cleased and with two small marginal holes caused by the original clips. All in all a fairly well preserved copy. 32 pp. Extremely rare first printing thus (presumably the first printing at all, and definitely the first separate printing), printed for private circulation only ("exclusively for inner-party use"), of the previously unpublished materials that led to one of the most important moments of 20th century politics, namely Khrushchev's so-called "Secret Speech", also known as the "Khrushchev Report". This seminal speech was delivered at an unpublicized closed session of Communist Party delegates, with guests and members of the press excluded. The "Unpublished materials" contain Lenin's "Testament", Lenin's "On the National Question", and Stalin's notes.The speech itself appeard in two different printings. As the present publication, those the two printings of the speech also bear the date March 1956 and all three publications were ordered by the Polish communist party authorities in the span of March 27 - March 31. The extremely scarce first printing of the speech consisted in 71 pages, namely Khrushchev's speech with the recorded interjections and ovations; the second printing, which appered four days later, consisted of 96 pages, was edited to give only Khrushchev's speech (without the recorded interjections and ovations), but containing also a second part, "Unpublished materials" with Lenin's "Testament", Lenin's "On the National Question", and Stalin's notes.The present publication constitutes the "Unpublished materials" alone, with a separate pagination (pp. 1-32, including a title-page) - exactly the same material as pp. 71-(96) of the second printing of the speech from March 31st, but here published separately, with its own title-page. Thus, the present publication was most likely published at the same time as the first printing of Khrushchev's Speech, March 27th, and meant to be an accompaniment to this. And later, it was thus incorporated into the edited second edition of the speech and publised after that, as pp. 71-(96). Khrushchev' Speech shook the Western world and changed our history for good. "Its consequences, by no means fully foreseen by Khrushchev, shook the Soviet Union to the core, but even more so its communist allies, notably in central Europe. Forces were unleashed that eventually changed the course of history. But at the time, the impact on the delegates was more immediate. Soviet sources now say some were so convulsed as they listened that they suffered heart attacks; others committed suicide afterwards." (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006 ).On February 24, 1956 before assembled delegates at a secret session of the Communist Party's Twentieth Congress, Nikita Khrushchev delivered his so-called "Secret Speech", denouncing Stalin for his transgressions. The public session of the 20th Congress had come to a formal end on 24 February 1956 when word was spread to delegates to return to the Great Hall of the Kremlin for an additional "closed session," to which journalists, guests, and delegates from "fraternal parties" from outside the USSR were not invited. Special passes were issued to those eligible to participate, with an additional 100 former Party members, recently released from the Soviet prison camp network. The speech was thus secretly held in this closed session, without discussion, and it was neither published as part of the congress' proceedings nor reported in the Soviet press. The speech that sent shock waves through the congress participants denounced Stalin, describing him as satanic despot and terrorist who had committed the greatest of crimes. Quoting from correspondence, memoranda and his own observations, Khrushchev gave details of Stalin's horrible actions during the Terror of the late 1930'ies, the unpreparedness of the country at the time of the Nazi invasion in June 1941, numerous wartime blunders, the deportation of various nationalities in 1943 and 1944, and the banishing of Tito's Yugoslavia from the Soviet bloc after the war. Absolving the party itself of these grave actions, Khrushchev attributed them to the "cult of personality" that Stalin encouraged and his "violations of socialist legality". According to Khrushchev's speech, Stalin was a tyrant, a murderer and torturer of party members.Khrushchev gave his grim tale of the obscene crimes committed by his predecessor, Josef Stalin, only three years after the death of Stalin, who was then celebrated as a great leader and whose death was mourned by the great majority of Soviet citizens, who saw him as a divine father. It is no wonder that this lengthy speech from their new leader completely shocked Soviet communists, being told so soon after his death that far from far from being divine, their hero Stalin was actually outright satanic. The leaders who inherited the party from the old dictator had agreed - after months of furious argument - that Khrushchev should make the speech, but on the condition that it should never be published.Khrushchev read from a prepared report and no stenographic record of the closed session was kept. No questions or debate followed Khrushchev's presentation, and it is reported that delegates left the hall in a state of complete disorientation. It is even said that several delegates suffered heart attacks and that some even committed suicide upon listening to the horrifying speech. On the evening of the congress, delegates of foreign Communist parties were called to the Kremlin and given the opportunity to read the prepared text of the Khrushchev speech, which was treated as a top secret state document. Reports of the speech soon reached the West and as early as March the contents were reported in Western media. "The content of the speech reached the west through a circuitous route. A few copies of the speech were sent by order of the Soviet Politburo to leaders of the Eastern Bloc countries. Shortly after the speech had been disseminated, a Polish journalist, Viktor Grayevsky, visited his girlfriend, Lucia Baranowski, who worked as a junior secretary in the office of the first secretary of the Polish Communist Party, Edward Ochab. On her desk was a thick booklet with a red binding, with the words: "The 20th Party Congress, the speech of Comrade Khrushchev." Grayevsky had heard rumors of the speech and, as a journalist, was interested in reading it. Baranowski allowed him to take the document home to read.As it happened, Grayevsky, who was Jewish, and had made a recent trip to Israel to visit his sick father, decided to emigrate there. After he read the speech, he decided to take it to the Israeli Embassy and gave it to Yaakov Barmor who had helped Grayevsky make his trip to visit Grayevsky's sick father. Barmor was a Shin Bet representative; he photographed the document and sent the photographs to Israel. By the afternoon of April 13, 1956, the Shin Bet in Israel received the photographs. Israeli intelligence and United States intelligence had previously secretly agreed to cooperate on security matters. James Jesus Angleton was the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) head of counterintelligence and in charge of the clandestine liaison with Israeli intelligence. The photographs were delivered to him. On April 17, 1956, the photographs reached the CIA chief Allen Dulles, who quickly informed U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After determining that the speech was authentic, the CIA leaked the speech to The New York Times in early June.""In the West, the impact of the speech received a colossal boost from the publication of the full, albeit sanitised, text in The Observer and the New York Times. This was the first time the full text had been available for public scrutiny anywhere in the world. Even local party secretaries who read it to members had to return their texts within 36 hours. (Those texts were also sanitised, omitting two incidents in the speech that Orlov related to me.)According to William Taubman, in his masterly biography of Khrushchev, the full text leaked out through Poland where, like other central European communist allies, Moscow had sent an edited copy for distribution to the Polish party." (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).The speech sent shock waves throughout the Communist world and caused many Western Communists to abandon the movement. In central Europe, the impact of the speech was enormous. By autumn Poland was ready to explode and in Hungary an anti-communist revolution overthrew the Stalinist party and government, replacing them with the short-lived reformist Imre Nagy."Some may doubt that Stalin's Soviet Union could ever have been reformed, but Khrushchev was not among them - and neither, indeed, was Gorbachev. But after two decades of decay under Brezhnev, even he could not hold the country together. It can well be argued that the 'secret speech' was the century's most momentous, planting the seed that eventually caused the demise of the USSR." (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).It was in the form of the second printing of the speech, with the "Unpublished Materials" in their presumably second printing, that it was leaked behind the Iron Curtain. Allegedly the CIA offered USD 1.000.000 for a copy, before they came into possession of the text through other channels. Khrushchev himself stated: "It was supposed to have been secret, but in fact it was far from being secret.. our document fell into the hands of some Polish comrades who were hostile towards the Soviet Union. They used my speech for their own purposes and made copies of it. I was told that it was being sold for very little."Like the two impressions of the Speech, on with the "Unpublished Matrials", almost all the copies of this extremely scarce publication - which were all numbered and strictly registered - were withdrawn and destroyed after 11 April 1956. We have been able to locate no copies of either impression outside of Poland and can find no copies registered in OCLC.

[Tokyo], The Zauho Press & The Kawade Shobo, 1955 - 1958. Folio. 16 volumes (complete) all in publisher's original embossed full cloth, all in the original printed casettes. A very fine and clean set richly illustrated with black/white and colour photos. A complete set, all volumes first edition, of the most extensive work on East-Asian ceramics. 1. Japan: Pre-historic, Proto-historic and Early historic periods, 1958.2. Japan: Ceramics in the Nara to Muromachi periods, 1957.3. Japan: Ceramics in the Momoyama period, 1956.4. Japan Ceramics in the Kyushu district, 1956.5. Japan: Ceranics in the Edo period (part II), 1956.6. The Edo period (part III), 1955.7. The Tea-ceremony implements, 1955.8. From Ancient China to six Dynasties, 1955.9. China: Sui and T´ang Dynasties, 1956.10. Sung and Liao Dynasties, 1955.11. Yüan and Ming Dynasties, 1955.12. China: Ch´ing Dynasty and Annamese and Thai Ceramics , 1956.13. Korea: Pre-Koryo and Koryo periods, 1955.14. Korean Ceramics in the Li Dynasty, 1956.15. Europe & others, 1958.16. Contemporary Ceramics, 1958.

Kjøbenhavn, 1843. 8vo. Contemporary dark brown half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Capitals and a bit of the front hinge worn, but overall very nice and tight. Internally a bit of brownspotting (as always due to the quality of the paper), but less than usual. Old owner's signature to title-page. VIII, 135 pp. First edition of one of Kierkegaard's most important and sought-after works, Fear and Trembling, which is rather more difficult to find than most of his other works. Fear and Trembling is one of Kierkegaard’s most important works. And it is also one of his most difficult. It deals – in forceful brevity – with the relationship between reason and faith and provides us with Kierkegaard’s most thorough exposition of the religious stage, which he considered the most meaningful form of existence. It is here that Kierkegaard introduces the “tragic hero” and contrasts it to the “Knight of Faith”, who both ignore their own wishes for a higher good. These two essential figures epitomize the ethical and the religious and pave the way for the understanding of these stages in Kierkegaard’s philosophy. It is arguably also here that the idea of the essential leap of faith is introduced for the first time. The Knight of Faith sacrifices his son at the command of God and thus sets aside an ethical demand in in order to attain a higher goal that exists beyond the ethical. This teleological suspension of the ethical requires a leap of faith that is only possible through faith in virtue of the absurd. Himmelstrup 48.

(New York, 1885). 4to. In later half cloth with gilt lettering and stamp to front board. In "Science", Vol. 5, No. 108, Feb. 27. Paper label pasted on to front board. The two titles underlined in blue pencil. Stamp to verso of map and almost parted in two, long tear in foldings, otherwise internally fine and clean. Pp. iii-iv, 163-185 + large folded map: "North America polar regions : Baffin Bay to Lincoln Sea, showing the most recent discoveries including those of U.S.S. Polaris Expedition in 1871-2, under Captain C.F. Hall, British Arctic Expedition in 1875-6, under Captain G.S. Nares, R.N., The Lady Franklin Bay Expedition in 1881-4, under Lieutenant A.W. Greely, U.S.A" First edition of Lieutenant A. W. Greely's first short account of the fatal Lady Franklin Bay Expedition (Also known as the Greely expedition). The present account is presented as a commentary to the accompanying map. A more extensive account was published in 1886 (Three Years of Arctic Service) and the full official account was published in 1888 (Report on the Proceedings of the United States Expedition to Lady Franklin Bay, Grinnell Land)The Lady Franklin Bay Expedition of 1881-1884 to Lady Franklin Bay in the Canadian Arctic was led by Lieutenant Adolphus Greely and its purpose was to establish a meteorological-observation station as part of the First International Polar Year, and to collect astronomical and magnetic data. During the expedition, two members of the crew reached a new Farthest North record, but of the original 25 men, only seven survived to return."The United States expedition during the First International Polar Year, based at Fort Conger, Lady Franklin Bay, about 81°45' N, on the east coast of Ellesmere Island, explored the north coast of Greenland from Cape Bryant to Cape Washington, about 82°30'-83°30" N, the interior and west coast of Grinnell Land (northern Ellesmere Island), and extended the maping of Hayes Sound, about 79° N, on Ellesmere. As relief ships failed to reach them, members of the party made a march out of the Hall Basin area, all but seven dying of starvation before rescue at Cape Sabine, Smith Sound" (Arctic Bibliography).

Copenhagen, 1930-86. 4to. Vol. 2,20,21,22,23 i hshirt.bd. Resten i hefter.

Frankfurt, Theobaldum Schor Wetterum, 1611. Folio. Two volumes bound in one contemporary full blindstamped vellum binding with five raised bands. Wear and soiling to extremities, corners bumped. Missing part of vellum to upper part of front board. Light occassional marginal dampstaining but generally a nice and clean copy. (12), 484 pp. + frontispiece and 12 plates; (4), 420, (39) pp. + 10 plates. Second edition of Tornielli’s great work in which he delves into Biblical architectural prototypes from Noah’s Ark to the Temple of Jerusalem and historical quandaries, and explores topics related to geography and natural science in the bible. The illustrations accompanying the present work provide numerous theoretical and practical insights into the topic of sacred architecture and are used as arguments for Tornielli’s fundamental thesis - that there is a continuous lineage from Biblical prototypes through classical culture to the contemporary Renaissance era. His approach to Scripture, focusing on historical analysis, was pioneering and influenced subsequent generations of Biblical scholars. “Tornielli personally intervened in the lively debate on these historical-Biblical themes, addressing in particular the positions of Benito Arias Montano (Exemplar sive de sacris fabricis liber, 1572) and Juan Bautista Villalpando (In Ezechielem explanationes , 1596-1604).” (Rovetta, The Theme of the Central Plan in Lorenzo Binago). Agostino Tornielli (1543-1622), a native of Novara, Italy, was a clergyman and member of the Barnabite religious order, commonly known for their association with the Church of St. Barnabas in Milan. The Barnabites placed great emphasis on learning, considering it crucial for religious devotion, and thus, they cultivated various branches of knowledge within their order. The first edition was published in Milan in 1609/1610, the present second edition in 1611, a third edition in Antwerp in 1620.

Amsterdam, 1776-1780. 4to. Bound in two contemporary uniform brown half calf bindings with gilt lines and gilt title-labels to spines. Spines with some wear and tear and vol. 2 with a couple of glue-repairs to upper capital. A small marginal damp stain to first quire of vol. 2 and (mostly very faint) marginal damp stain later on as well, otherwise internally very nice and clean. Tt2 with a tear to top margin, no loss. Beautiful allegorical vignettes to title-pages. VIII, (6), 484, (1, -errata) + 71 engraved plates (out of 72) + engraved folded map; (16), 455, (1) pp. + 52 engraved plates. In all with 123 splendid engraved plates, many of them folded, out of 124 - missing plate 29 in vol. 1. + the famous map of Yemen. First Dutch edition of Nieburh's great travel account of Arabia, originally published in Copenhagen, 1774-78, in German under the title "Reisebeschreibung von Arabien". This splendid and extremely important work on the Middle East, Egypt, Persia and India "provided a mass of new geographical, regional, and historical information... Among is many exact maps and plans, the map of the Red Sea and of Yemen served as the most reliable information for more than 50 years.""Despite its tragic course, the expedition was a complete success with regard to its scientific and scholarly results. It was especially due to Niebuhr's efforts to preserve and continue his and his collegues' , that the Royal Danish Library was eventually equipped with a host of oriental manuscripts, maps, and drawings, as well as many botanical and zoological specimens... It was Niebuhr who edited and published Forskåll's Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica (1775) and Descriptiones Animalium (1775), together with the drawings of bauerfeind. In 1772 he had alredy published his systematic and geographically organized beschreibung von Arabien, which was followed between 1774 and 1778 by the first two volume of his three-volume chronologically arranged Reisebeschreibung nach Arabien. (the item offered, the third volume was published many years later, 1837). Both works, written in a clear and sober language and illustrated with numerous precise drawings, maps, and plans, provided a mass of new geographical, regional, and historical information... Among is many exact maps and plans, the map of the Red Sea and of yemen served as the most reliable information for more than 50 years." (Josef Wiesehöfer).

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1926. 8vo. In two contemporary half cloth bindings (not uniform). Gilt lettering to spine. In: "Zeitschrift für Physik", Bd. 37 & 38, 1926. Entire volumes offered. Vol. 38: Spine partly detached and with library stamp to free front and back end paper. Both volumes with a bit of soiling to extremities. Internally fine and clean. First edition of these landmark papers in which Born formulated the now-standard interpretation of the Probability Interpretation of the Wave Function or Probability Density Function for psi*psi in the Schrödinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. It is considered to be one of the fundamental statements of modern physics and made Einstein famously state in a letter to Born in 1926: "Quantum mechanics is certainly imposing. But an inner voice tells me that it is not yet the real thing. The theory says a lot, but does not really bring us any closer to the secret of the 'old one'. I, at any rate, am convinced that He [god] is not playing at dice.""Very soon after publication of Erwin Schrödinger's works on wave mechanics. Born recognized -despite Heisenherg's and Pauli's objections to its basic conceptions - that the new theory was acceptable from a mathematical point of view; and he used Schrödinger's method of treating atomic scattering processes. Applied to a standard scattering problem with known interaction-the scattering of a particle in an external field -the quantum theory permitted an exact calculation only in principle; except in special cases the basic differential equations could not be solved. With "Quantenme-chanik der Stossvorgänge" (1926) Born elaborated the basis of the "Born approximation method" for carrying out the actual computations; the method has since grown steadily in importance. Born’s works found worldwide recognition, and gifted young researchers flocked to work under him. The "Born school" at Göttingen was its important to the flowering of theoretical physics as the school of Bohr at Copenhagen and of Arnold Sommerfeld at Munich." (DSB)."Born may not have realized at once the profundity of his contribution, which helped bring the quantum revolution to an end". (Pais, Inward Bound).

Copenhagen, 1960-73. Folio. 10 volumes bound in publishers fine red hmorocco. Bound by Jacob Baden. A collection of Danish medieval Manuscripts reproduced in facsimile. The earliest Scandinavian texts which have survived until our day from about 1100 and originate from the ancient sphere of Danish Culture.

Helsinki, Työväen Kirjapaino, 1918. 8vo. In publisher's original red cloth, with gilt lettering. Wear to extremities. Gilting on spine almost gone. Hindges very weak, book block almost detached from binding. Internally fine and clean. (4), XX, 712, (1), 79, (3) pp. The rare first complete Finnish translation of Marx' landmark work, constituting what is arguably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century."Shortly before Word War I, the young economist and socialist member of parliament Edward Gylling inspired a Finnish edition of "Capital". It was published with the help of the Finnish literature Promotion Fund (SKE). Volume one was translated by OV Louhivuori, who later became the principal of the School of Economics." (Karl Marx Memorial Library Luxembourg - http://karlmarx.lu)

Stockholm, Nordstedt & Söner, 1843. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with four raised bands. Wear to extremities, spine with scratches. Stamps (From Nordiska Bibliotheks-Sallskapet in paris. With an accompanying "deaccession"-note from the librarian Leif stating many doublets and unused book were sold, including the present) l to front free end-papers, title-page and last two leaves. With light occassional brownspotting throughout. V, (1), 783, (1), 26, (1) pp. The rare first complete Swedish translation of the Quran – also being the first translation in any Scandinavian language. “Between 1843 and 1967, four translations of the Quran were published in Scandinavia: three in Sweden, and one in Denmark. Prior to and during this period, theologians and philologists at Scandinavian universities had studied the Quran as part of their training in the Arabic language, and had translated parts of the text, first into Latin and then into the respective national languages. The first three Scandinavian translations of the Quran were into Swedish. The first of these translations, published in 1843, was done by Johan Fredrik Sebastian Crusenstolpe (1801– 1882). This was followed by the translation made by theologian and professor of Arabic literature, Carl Johannes Tornberg (1807– 1877) in 1874, and the one by Karl Vilhelm Zetterst (1866– 1953), a prominent Swedish professor of Semitic languages, which was published in 1917. Zetterst's translation has been republished several times and is still in use. In Danish, it was not until 1967 that a full translation of the Quran was published, by teacher Abdus Salam (Svend Åge) Madsen (1928– 2007), and in Norway it took another decade and a half before the first translation was published, by university lecturer Einar Berg (1921– 1995) in 1980.” (Eggen, On the Periphery, Translations of the Quran in Sweden, Denmark and Norway) Fredrik Crusenstolpe, a Swedish officer and diplomat, was known for his adventurous spirit and eccentricity. Crusenstolpe served in Tripoli, Tangier, Algiers and Lisbon. His translation emerged during a period of growing interest in the Middle East and North Africa among Scandinavia's cultural elite in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. While stationed in North Africa, Crusenstolpe developed a deep interest in the local people and their religion. However, securing financial support for the publication of his translation was challenging despite interest from a prominent publishing house. He ended up financing the project privately especially motivated by a personal desire to correct misconceptions about Prophet Muhammad in Swedish popular culture. To Crusenstolpe these misconceptions reflected not just ignorance about the Prophet but also a broader superstitious mentality he did not like. He portrayed the Muhammed as a rational "Arabic founder of law" aligning with Enlightenment-era European depictions of Muhammad. OCLC lists only four copies (Library of Congress, NY Public Library, Ohio State University & Cleveland Public Library).

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Spine lacks and covers detached (in need of a new spine). A stamp to front free endpaper (chinese). In: 'Zeitschrift für Physik', Volume 31. VIII,952 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Pauli's paper: pp.765-783. First edition of the first announcement of Pauli's Exclusion Principle which gives a criterion for the electronic structure of atoms, and explains the periodic table and the combining properties of the elements.Pauli first formulated his exclusion principle in this article in an attempt to explain the structure of the periodic table. By introducing an additional quantum number, namely the spin of an electron, to the already known three quantum numbers in Bohr's atom model, and by postulating that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers, Pauli could explain the number of electrons allowed in the outermost shell, e.g., explaining the varying lengths of successive periods in the table. The exclusion principle turned out to be applicable to all fermions, and thus plays a role in a variety of physical phenomena. For example it explains the formation of degenerate matter in white dwarfs and neutron stars. In 1945 Pauli received the Nobel Prize in physics "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle".This volume also contains a paper by Heisenberg: 'Über eine Anwendung des Korrespondenzprinzips auf die Frage der Polarisation des Floureszenzlichtes' , A. Einstein: "Bemerkung zu P. Jordans Abhandlung "Zur Theorie der Quantenstrahlung"and another paper by Pauli: 'Über den Einfluss der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Elektronenmasse auf den Zeemaneffekt' (Zeeman-Effect and the Dependence of Electron-Mass on the Velocity).

Berlin, Stockholm, Paris, F. & G. Beijer, 1882-84. Large4to (272 x 230 mm). Three volumes uniformly bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In "Acta Mathematica", volume 1-5. Light wear to extremities, boards and spines with scratches. Stamp to verso of front board in all volumes. First three leaves in first volume detached, otherwise internally fine and clean. Vol. I, pp. 1-62; Pp. 193-294; Vol. II, pp. 97-113; Vol. III. pp. 49-92; Vol. IV pp. 201-312; Vol. V pp. 209-278. First publication of these groundbreaking papers which together constitute the discovery of Automorphic Functions. "Before he was thirty years of age, Poincaré became world famous with his epoch-making discovery of the "automorphic functions" of one complex variable (or, as he called them, the "fuchsian" and "kleinean" functions)." (DSB).These manuscripts, written between 28 June and 20 December 1880, show in detail how Poincaré exploited a series of insights to arrive at his first major contribution to mathematics: the discovery of the automorphic functions. In particular, the manuscripts corroborate Poincaré's introspective account of this discovery (1908), in which the real key to his discovery is given to be the recognition that the transformations he had used to define Fuchsian functions are identical with those of non-Euclidean geometry. (See Walter, Poincaré, Jules Henri French mathematician and scientist).The idea was to come in an indirect way from the work of his doctoral thesis on differential equations. His results applied only to restricted classes of functions and Poincaré wanted to generalize these results but, as a route towards this, he looked for a class functions where solutions did not exist. This led him to functions he named Fuchsian functions after Lazarus Fuchs but were later named automorphic functions. First editions and first publications of these epochmaking papers representing the discovery of "automorphic functions", or as Poincaré himself called them, the "Fuchsian" and "Kleinian" functions."By 1884 Poincaré published five major papers on automorphic functions in the first five volumes of the new Acta Mathematica. When the first of these was published in the first volume of the new Acta Mathematica, Kronecker warned the editor, Mittag-Leffler, that this immature and obscure article would kill the journal. Guided by the theory of elliptic functions, Poincarë invented a new class of automorphic functions. This class was obtained by considering the inverse function of the ratio of two linear independent solutions of an equation. Thus this entire class of linear diffrential equations is solved by the use of these new transcendental functions of Poincaré." (Morris Kline).Poincaré explains how he discovered the Automorphic Functions: "For fifteen days I strove to prove that there could not be any functions like those I have since called Fuchsian functions, I was then very ignorant; every day I seated myself at my work table, stayed an hour or two, tried a great number of combinations and reached no results. One evening, contrary to my custom, I drank black coffee and could not sleep. Ideas rose in crowds; I felt them collide until pairs interlocked, so to speak, making a stable combination. By the next morning I had established the existence of a Class of Fuchsian functions, those which come from hypergeometric series; i had only to write out the results, which took but a few hours...the transformations that I had used to define the Fuchsian functions were identical with those of Non-Euclidean geometry..."

Leipzig, Johann Wendler, 1764. 8vo. Non-uniformely bound. Vol 1: Completely uncut in the original cardboard-binding. Some wear to capitals and hinges. Internally a bit of minor occasional brownspotting. (18), 592 pp. Vol 2: 19th century marbled paper-binding with red gilt title-label to spine. Wear to extremities. Only light occasional brownspotting. (2), 435, (1). The very rare first edition of Lambert's seminal main philosophical work, the work which coined the term "phenomenology". "Neues Organon" is a work of breakthrough that came to, directly or indirectly, influence almost all later philosophy, also that of Kant.Today, Johann Heinrich Lambert arguably mostly remembered as one of the greatest mathematicians and logicians of his time. However, a true polymath, he also played a dominant role in the development of 18th century philosophy, primarily with his philosophical magnum opus "Neues Organon", in which he set out to provide a better methodology for philosophy, with the aid of mathematics. As such, he is considered a path-breaker of Rationalism and one of the most important predecessors of Kant, who knew him well and admired him greatly; the two corresponded frequently. "Kant himself recognized Lambert as a philosopher of the highest qualities; and he expected much from his critical attitude. He had drafted a dedication of the "Critique of Pure Reason" to Lambert, but Lambert's untimely death prevented its inclusion.Lambert's place in the history of philosophy, however, should not be seen only in its relation to Kant. The genesis of his philosophical ideas dates from a time when Kant's major works had yet to be conceived. It was the philosophical doctrines of Leibniz, Christian Wolff, and Locke that exerted the more important influence - insofar as one can speak of influence with a self-taught and wayward man such as Lambert... The two main aspects of Lambert's philosophy, the analytic and the constructive were both strongly shaped by mathematical notions; hence logic played an important part in his philosophical writing. Following Leibnitz' ideas, Lambert early tried to create an "ars characteristic conbinatoria", or a logical or conceptual calculus. He investigated the conditions to which scientific knowledge must be subjected if it is to enjoy the same degree of exactness and evidence as mathematical knowledge... In "Neues Organon" he next developed the idea of a characteristic language of symbols to avoid ambiguities of everyday language; and finally, in the most original part of his work called ""Phänomenologie," he discussed appearance and gave rules for distinguishing false (or subjective) appearance from a true (or objective) one that is not susceptible to sensory illusions." (D.S.B. VII:597).

(London), Adam Islip, 1638. Folio. In contemporary full calf with six raised bands and double ruled fillets to boards. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Wear to extremities, scratches to boards. Corner bumped, with loss of leather. Inner hinges split. Title-page chipped in outer margin and with two tears, with minor loss of text. Previous owner's name to title-page. Outer half of bookblock with waterstain. (10), 1500, (20), 31, (32) pp. The engraved title-page and 32 portraits included in the pagination. Wanting the first blank. A somewhat defective but text-wise complete copy. Enlarged fifth edition of this first major original English account of the Ottoman Turks, originally published in 1603. This work was repeatedly republished, copied, and extended, and had an unparalleled influence on numerous seventeenth century authors as a source of information and authority on the Ottoman Turks. Samuel Johnson praised him as the best of English historians, saying that "in his history of the Turks [Knolles] has displayed all the excellencies that narration can admit." (Johnson, Samuel (1969) [1751], "The Rambler, Number 122). "Compiled from a range of Byzantine and western histories, travelers' reports and letters, together with material from Leunclavius' recent Latin translation of a late 15th-century Ottoman chronicle, Knolles' was the first major work on the subject to appear in English, and was quickly recognized as a masterpiece of narrative synthesis. Subsequent editions in 1621, 1631, and 1638 included continuations by other writers. Knolles' literary style was admired by such writers as Johnson and Byron, and the work's reputation as an engrossing account survived well into the 19th century" (ODNB). “Richard Knolles (late 1540s-1610) was born in Northamptonshire. When exactly Knolles began work on his most ambitious scholarly achievement The Historie of the Turkes is difficult to ascertain. The first folio edition appeared in 1603. James VI of Scotland became James I of England in March of that year following the death of Elizabeth I. Knolles took adavntage of the dynastic transition by dedicating the work to “the High and Mightie Prince James”. Knolles’ Historie is based heavily on a range of sixteenth-century printed chronicles and reports. It is, therefore, essentially a synthesis of other works, but a carefully crafted synthesis produced in English. Nothing of this scale and detail had appeared before, in English, on the Ottomans, and it would be another fifty years before a subsequent work in English would become the authority on the subject. Despite this fact, both Samuel Jonson and Lord Byron turned to Knolles centuries later, and both alluded to the richness of his prose style. William Shakespeare, moreover, likely used Knolles’ work (and possibly an earlier manuscript version) as a source for his Othello (ca. 1603-1604).” (University of Toronto, Victoria College, The Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies)

(København, antageligt 1763). Folio. (37 x 24,5 cm.).Samtidigt hldrbd. med tidstypisk sidepapir. Øve kapitæl slidt. Ryg noget slidt. Permer med brugsspor. Ialt 140 pp. Manuskriptet er rigt illustreret og koncentreret omkring kanonernes brug, typer og indretning. 28 helsides (kanoner, lavetter etc), 13 halvisdes, 5 geometriske figurer, 10 tabeller og ca. 34 tekstfigurer, de fleste i delvis håndkolorereing. Et blad løst i 6. afdeling, og de sidste 3 plancher lettere skjoldede og opklæbede. Flere af delene er signeret "O. Lütken". "Otto Lütken, 1.12.1749-21.12.1835, søofficer. Født i Helsingør, død i Kbh., bisat sst. (Holmens k.s kapel). L. blev kadet 1763 og sekondløjtnant 1768. Han var 1770-71 med briggen Postillionen, hvor hans halvbror Christian Lütken var chef, i eskadren i Middelhavet og forfremmedes 1773 til premierløjtnant. Efter forskellige togter sendtes han til Vestindien hvor han 1779-81 var chef for stationsskibet Lærken. Han viste sig her i besiddelse af så fremragende aktivitet, dygtighed og mod at kollegiet ikke alene udtalte sin anerkendelse af hans gode konduite, men også foranledigede at kongen udnævnte ham til kaptajn hvorved han sprang kaptajnløjtnantsgraden og syv årgange af sine kammerater forbi "da han ved forskellige Lejligheder har æret vort Flag og forsvaret det baade mod Overmænd og Ligemænd". Han var i de følgende år chef for fregatter og orlogsskibe samt stabschef i eskadren, blev kommandørkaptajn 1790 og kommandør 1797."(DBL).

Berlin, Stockholm, Paris, F. & G. Beijer, 1882-84. Large4to. As extracted from "Acta Mathematica", no backstrip. With title-page and the original wrappers. (except for paper no. 3 and 5 which only has the title page). In "Acta Mathematica", volume 1-5. Title pages with library stamp. Internally clean and fine. Vol. I, pp. 1-62; Pp. 193-294; Vol. II, pp. 97-113; Vol. III. pp. 49-92; Vol. IV pp. 201-312; Vol. V pp. 209-278. First publication of these groundbreaking papers which together constitute the discovery of Automorphic Functions. "Before he was thirty years of age, Poincaré became world famous with his epoch-making discovery of the "automorphic functions" of one complex variable (or, as he called them, the "fuchsian" and "kleinean" functions)." (DSB).These manuscripts, written between 28 June and 20 December 1880, show in detail how Poincaré exploited a series of insights to arrive at his first major contribution to mathematics: the discovery of the automorphic functions. In particular, the manuscripts corroborate Poincaré's introspective account of this discovery (1908), in which the real key to his discovery is given to be the recognition that the transformations he had used to define Fuchsian functions are identical with those of non-Euclidean geometry. (See Walter, Poincaré, Jules Henri French mathematician and scientist).The idea was to come in an indirect way from the work of his doctoral thesis on differential equations. His results applied only to restricted classes of functions and Poincaré wanted to generalize these results but, as a route towards this, he looked for a class functions where solutions did not exist. This led him to functions he named Fuchsian functions after Lazarus Fuchs but were later named automorphic functions. First editions and first publications of these epochmaking papers representing the discovery of "automorphic functions", or as Poincaré himself called them, the "Fuchsian" and "Kleinian" functions."By 1884 Poincaré published five major papers on automorphic functions in the first five volumes of the new Acta Mathematica. When the first of these was published in the first volume of the new Acta Mathematica, Kronecker warned the editor, Mittag-Leffler, that this immature and obscure article would kill the journal. Guided by the theory of elliptic functions, Poincarë invented a new class of automorphic functions. This class was obtained by considering the inverse function of the ratio of two linear independent solutions of an equation. Thus this entire class of linear diffrential equations is solved by the use of these new transcendental functions of Poincaré." (Morris Kline).Poincaré explains how he discovered the Automorphic Functions: "For fifteen days I strove to prove that there could not be any functions like those I have since called Fuchsian functions, I was then very ignorant; every day I seated myself at my work table, stayed an hour or two, tried a great number of combinations and reached no results. One evening, contrary to my custom, I drank black coffee and could not sleep. Ideas rose in crowds; I felt them collide until pairs interlocked, so to speak, making a stable combination. By the next morning I had established the existence of a Class of Fuchsian functions, those which come from hypergeometric series; i had only to write out the results, which took but a few hours...the transformations that I had used to define the Fuchsian functions were identical with those of Non-Euclidean geometry..."

Amsterdam, 1764. 8vo. Two very nice cont. uniform red hcalfs; gilt backs w. gilt black leather title-labels. All edges uncut. Minor repairs to upper part of back of vol. one. In very good condition. Some of the text-leaves of the last section of the second volumes are evenly browned, and a few of the last leaves are professionally repaired, otherwise only occasional brownspotting to a few leaves. Nicely printed on good paper. Richly and beautifully illustrated w. the engr. portrait of La Fontaine, engr. frontisp. in both volumes, engr. title-vignettes, engr. preliminary vignette-leaves, 77 full-page engr. plates and 63 engr. text-vignettes. I.e. in all 80 engr. plates, 67 engr. vignettes and two woodcut vignettes (in the table of contents). This rare and very beautiful Amsterdam edition is printed two years after the monumental first edition from Paris, which was commissioned by Ferniers Géneraux, and which is very scarce and sought after. This is the most beautiful and well-executed of the re-impressions (Paris, 1762 (-without vignettes), Amsterdam, 1764 and London, 1764). -"Celle d'Amsterdam, 1764, 2 vol. in-8. fig. copiées sur celles de l'édition de 1762, est assez belle..." (Brunet III:760). The illustrations of this edition are excellent and copied from the beautiful first edition; many of them are engraved and signed by C. Boily, and all are after Eisen. Most of the vignettes are after Choffard. The portrait of La Fontaine is engraved by Macret after Ficquet. "Cette imitation de l'édition des fermiers généraux est assez jolie. Le portrait de La Fontaine est tantôt gravé par Savaret, et tantôt par Macret, suivant les exemplaires." (Cohen, p. 310).The illustrations of this work are considered Eisen's main work, the book is considered one of the greatest works of rococo book-illustration, and it has greatly inspired later tradition in this field.

Wien (Vienna), Braunmüller & Seidel, 1842, 1844 & 1846. 8vo. 3 volumes uniformly bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Spines discoloured and light wear to capitals. Stamp to first and last leaf in all volumes. Exlibris (Jens P. Hart Hansen) pasted on to verso of front board. Vague damstain to lower part of vol. 3. Brownspotting to first and last leaves in all volumes, otherwise a nice copy. (8), 572; XIV, (2), 882; XIV, (2), 632 pp. The uncommon first edition, first issue, of Rokitansky’s landmark work on anatomical pathology. Rokitansky is widely considered the founder of science-based diagnostics, a merit largely based on the present work; The number of original observations in the present work is staggering. Included here are the first differentiation between lobar and lobular pneumonia, the first pathological account of spondylolisthesis, the first accurate description of yellow atrophy of the liver and the correct classification of patent ductus arteriosis as a congenital lesion – all observations that helped the Vienna School (also known as The Second Viennese School of Medicine) to reblossom into world prominence. Virchow famously named him "the Lineé of pathological anatomy". “Rokitansky ranks with Morgagni as among the greatest of all writers on gross pathology. He is said to have performed over 30,000 autopsies himself. His ‘Handbuch’ was for many years pre-eminent among its contemporaries. He foresaw the eventual importance of chemical pathology, at that time non-existent.” (Garrison & Morton). “Rokitansky was a first class anatomist, not the least of his service to pathology being the development of anecropsy method which in its anatomical logic and comprehension of detail insured an inspection of every part of the body in every examination. […] After Rokitansky names of diseases, like pneumonia and typhoid fever, conveyed to the well trained medical graduate an anatomical picture and not as theretofore, a list of symptoms of varying complexity” (Long, A History of Pathology, p. 107). “Rokitansky extended Laennec’s description of emphysema, improved existing knowledge of pneumonia, noted the perforated gastric ulcer as a special type, and gave a classic description of acute yellow atrophy of the liver, also known as “Rokitansky’s disease.”. The first edition of his Handbuch attempted a revival of humoral pathology, based upon current physiological theory of a “blastemal” or primitive fluid substance from which formed elements were derived; under criticism from Virchow, who called Rokitansky’s hypothesis a “monstrous anachronism,” Rokitansky eliminated his humoral theories from the next two editions of the Handbuch” (Norman 1845). Rokitansky published the volumes of his Handbuch in reverse order, issuing Vol. III in 1842, Vol. II in 1844 and Vol. 1 in 1846. Norman 1845Garrison & Morton 2293

London, 1907. Original brown full cloth with yellow decorations to spine and front board and gilt title to spine. Boards slightly warped. First and last two leaves brownspotted, otherwise nice and clean. Inner front hinge a bit weak. The exceedingly scarce first edition of “this lost landmark in British speculative fiction. This satirical speculative novel of political resistance is better known in its abridged form as “The Secret of the League” (1909). It mixes science fiction, social realism and office espionage, and accurately predicted the invention of the fax machine and the ascendancy of Labour politics.” (Handheld Science Fiction Classics) The work originally appeared, as it is here, in 1907, after which it appeared in abridged form under a different title in 1909. It would take 90 years for the landmark dystopian masterpiece to become available again at its original length, with its 7000 words restored, namely with the 2017-edition in the Handheld Science Fiction Classics Series. This seminal anti-socialist dystopia is generally acknowledged as having been a source of inspiration for Orwell’s “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. Orwell credited “What might have Been” with giving a considerably accurate prediction of the rise of Fascism. “[What might have Been] [a]bounds in humor and wit, especially in the early chapters. Bramah’s condemnation of the power of the press to corrupt and mislead is a pertinent today as it was in 1907” (Times Literary Supplement). “This satirical speculative novel of political resistance is better known in its abridged form as The Secret of the League (1909). It mixes science fiction, social realism and office espionage, and accurately predicted the invention of the fax machine and the ascendancy of Labour politics. What Might Have Been is a political thriller, with a nail-biting Buchanesque car chase, a sea battle that C S Forester could have written, and dramatic rescue missions in the air. The flying machines are both delightful and dramatic.”