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Kiøbenhaffn, Hendrick Gøde, 1661. 4to. Nyere halvpergamentsbd. Trykt rygtitel i sort. marmoreret sidepapir. Lille stempel på titelbladet. (65),277,(20) pp. Lidt tæt beskåret foroven og forneden. Papiret er af ret dårlig kvalitet hvorfor bladene gennemgående er noget gulnede. Lidt spredte brunpletter. Et blad med et hul i ydre margin, uden teksttab. Titelbladet let forstærket i indre margin. Har tidligere tilhørt sprogforskeren Peter Skautrup og bærer hans navn på fribladet. Den meget sjældne originaludgave af senrenaissancens digteriske hovedværk i Danmark og Norge, forfattet i rimede hexametere. Værket udkom først efter forfatterens død og blev besørget af hans søn Christian Anderssøn Arrebo. Det er en fri ombearbejdelse af Salluste du Bartas digt "La prémiere Semaine" (ugen, Skabelsens seks dage) hvis omarbejdelse til de europæiske hovedsprog blev et nationalt anliggende for disse lande. I Danmark var initiativtageren kansler Christian Friis til Kragerup.Bibl. Dan. I,342. - Thesaurus II,320. - Christian IV og Europa, 1589.

Wisingsborg, J. Kankel, 1674. 4to. Nyere hpergamentsbd. (4),304 pp. Gl. ejernavne på titelbladet. Øverste højre hjørne af titelbladet fornyet, intet tab af tekst. Titelbladet med brunpletter og nogle blælpletter. Nogle blde med gl. understregninger. Spredte brunpletter og brugsspor. Anden udgaven af denne berømte svenske rejsebog med originalberetninger fra rejser i Asien, Afrika, Ostindien og Japan, China. - Både denne og førsteudgaven er trykt i Wisingborg af Johann Kankel.Collijn 1600-talet, 457.

Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1944. 4to. Original pre-publication typescript, hectographt print, printed on rectos only. In original red printed wrappers with black cloth spine. Paley Johanson's copy, with his owner's name and inscription to top of front wrapper: Paley Johnson/ Dept. of Colloid Science/ Free School Lane/ Cambridge". A few smaller nicks and creases to front wrapper, otherwise a fine clean copy. (2), 135 ff. Scarce pre-publication typescript, with an excellent provenance, of Schrödinger's important attempt at developing a simple, unified standard method of dealing with all cases of statistical thermodynamics, developed in his seminar lectures of the Dublin institute for advanced studies in January - March 1944. A very small edition of the lectures was published in hectograph form by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies [offered item]. In 1952 the first public printing, differing a bit from the hectograph printing, of the lectures appeared - in a book of the same title. That highly popular book was printed in large numbers. "The idea of this seminar is to develop briefly one simple, unified standard method, capable of dealing, without changing the fundamental attitude, with ALL cases (classical, quantum, Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac, etc.) and with every new problem that may turn up. The interest is focused on the general procedure, and examples are dealt with as illustrations thereof. Not a first introduction for new-comers to the subject is intended, rather a 'repetitorium'. The wording is extremely shortened about well-known stories to be found in every one of a hundred text-books, but more extended on some vital points, usually passed over in all but large monographs (as Fowler's and Tolman's)There is, essentially, only one problem in statistical thermodynamics: the distribution of a given amount of energy E over N identical systems..." (From the General Introduction by Schrödinger, f. 1).It is in the course of the present lectures that Schrödinger explains why he thought the Boltzmann counting method not be appropriate. Furthermore, Schrödinger here distinguishes himself from his 1925-6 publications on the same subject by presenting (1) the complete relinquishment of the concept of wave packets, and (2) the exclusive stress put on the field quantization formalism which, for all statistical purposes, is equivalent to Schrödinger's initial quantized matter wave model. "A very small edition of these lectures was published in hectograph by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. It is hoped that the present edition, for which the text has been slightly revised, may reach a wider circle of readers. (Initiating Note in the second edition of the book). PALEY JOHNSON (1917-2011) was a famous colloid scientist, in the field of which he became a world authority, focusing on the physical properties of biological macromolecules in solution. Having won a place at Trinity College Cambridge and gone on to make a PhD there, he went on to the Royal Institution in London, where, along with Albert Alexander, he produced a comprehensive two-volume Oxford University Press monograph on Colloid Science, which, for nearly half a century, remained the authoritative text in the field, and is still a valuable reference source, even today. Primarily in recognition of this, along with other achievements, the University subsequently awarded Paley the distinction of an ScD degree. In 1950, he returned to Free School Lane to take up an academic post at the Colloid Science Laboratory."Paley was first and foremost an experimentalist, one of the best, and his attention turned to physical techniques for solving biological problems - to two techniques in particular, of which he became the master and a world authority. One was the analytical Utracentrifuge. [...] Paley found a completely new application for this technique in the characterization of gels, gelatin and other jelly-like materials. One of the present world leaders in colloid science, Professor Helmut Colfen at the University of Konstanz in Germany, comments on this work on gel analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge: "Paley did the first systematic analyses of gel systems in the centrifuge which was highly pioneering work since up to then, only solutions or dispersions of particles had been investigated. He found that the behaviour of a gel in the centrifuge was fundamentally different from a solution or dispersion and established the theory describing this. He was thus the first one to accurately describe the behaviour of gels in the centrifugal field and laid the foundations for the analysis and understanding of the important class of materials known as hydrogels, crucial for their application in food and biopharmaceuticals."The other technique which became Paley's trademark was light scattering of macromolecular dispersions - a technique requiring meticulous attention to detail. Without that attention, as Paley would say, "experiments were not useful". In his own research and publications, he did a lot to establish good practice, giving detailed procedures for achieving this, and was very critical of other studies where this attention to detail was not followed or shortcuts had been taken. [...] Colloid science at Cambridge and Paley Johnson were almost synonymous." (Steve Harding, Obituary in The Biochemical society, december 2011).Colloid Science, with its study of large molecules, is a bridge building subject lying at the boundary of a number of disciplines, physical chemistry, biology and mathematics. It's results are important and beneficiel in a large number of fields. During the War Paley worked in the colloid laboratory collaborating with others on various projects: the development of incendiary mixtures and the use of cellulose nitrate in making cordite for rockets; the use of detergents in lubrication; the use of synthetic polymers in warfare. He also had a wartime research Fellowship sponsored by ICI looking at an interest, which remained a serious study, the use of the protein in peanut butter.

London, 1895-96. Uncut in 18 excellent, uniform, blue half morocco bindings with richly gilt spines in maritime theme. Capitals and top edge gilt. Minor bumping to some corners and occasional edge wear. Two spines (vols. 9 and 10) faded and vol. 7 with a small nick to the top compartment of spine. Overall en excellent set. Internally overall very nice, clean, and fresh. Old label removed to inside of front boards, which all also have the book plate of Frances Evely Countess of Warwick. Bookplates with a later library placement stamp and title-pages with a crowned stamp (royal marine library). Beautiful engraved frontispiece to each volume, except for vol. 17, which has a double-page printed map in stead. Illustrated with engraved plates throughout. An excellent set of this magnificent illustrated edition, all volumes nr. 6 of 25 copies on hand-made paper, "for England". Wonderfully illustrated with engraved plates by Downing and Nooth.

London, Longman, Brown, Green, And Longman, 1856, 8vo. In the original full embossed red cloth, rebacked, preserving most of the original spine. Map with 10 cm long tear. Wear to extremities and 1 quire lose. Otherwise internally fine. (I)-XV, 300, (1)-4, 24 pp. + 1 folded map. The exceedingly rare first edition of Captain Bernard Whittingham's notes on his voyage from Hong Kong aboard HMS Sibylle to the Russian settlements in Eastern Siberia. Here he recounts in detail the movements and actions of HMS Sybille, including the period of the capture of the Diana's crew (under the command Nikolai Baron Schilling) and their transfer in Hong Kong to other Royal Navy ships. Whittingham had volunteered to join an Allied squadron attempting 'to discover the progress of Russian aggrandisement in North-eastern Asia, and to ascertain how far the reports of her successful encroachment on the sea frontiers of China and Japan were true'. In the context of the Crimean War's Pacific theatre, he was also keen to see avenged the Royal Navy's defeat by the Russians at Petropavlovsk the previous year."Between March and May, the British Commander-in-Chief, Admiral Bruce, assembled his fleet in preparation for a renewed attack on Petropavlovsk to be carried out in May. On March 26 (7), the frigate HMS Sybille (Commodore the Hon. Charles Elliot), steam corvette HMS Hornet and brig HMS Bittern left Hong Kong under instructions from Rear Admiral Sir James Stirling, Commander-in-Chief on the China station. By April 2 (14) the Screw Steam Ship HMS Encounter (Captain George William Douglas O'Callagan) and the Paddle Wheel Steam Sloop HMS Barracouta (Commander Frederick Henry Stirling), both vessels detached for the purpose from the East India station by Rear Admiral Stirling, were in position at the rendezvous position patrolling some distance off Petropavlovsk. Accuracy in the accounts of the events involving HMS Sybille and HMS Barracouta is greatly enhanced by the existence of contemporary journals written by Captain Bernard Whittingham, Royal Engineers, travelling as an observer on HMS Sybille, and by Assistant Surgeon John M Tronson, of HMS Barracouta." (Girad, "Setting the Scene").The present publication consists of the authors partially unedited notes: "The following rough notes were originally pencilled at intervals of a few days, to refresh the recollections of their writer, and they have subsequently been copied amidst the bustle of the saloons of crowded Oriental steamers; and as the duties of the writer's profession preclude any attempt to remould or amplify them, they are offered in their present unpolished form, in the hope that the slight and meagre information they afford of lands comparatively unknown - the Japan Islands, and the shores of Tartary and Eastern Siberia - may interest the public." (from the preface).

London, J. Brotherton, 1735. 12mo. Bound in one beautiful contemporary full mottled calf binding with four raised bands and red title-label with gilt lettering to spine. Single gilt line-border to boards, inside which a lovely blindstamped ornamental border to one side. All edges of boards with blindstamped ornamentations. P. 1 has a contemporary neat inscription reading: "Exam.d Morris" - in the author's own hand? Macclesfield copy, with the armorial bookplate of Earls of Macclesfield to pasted down front end-paper and Shirburn Castle (seat of the Earls of Macclesfield) armorial blindstamp to first four leaves Ex-libris. A lovely, clean, and crisp copy. IV, 48 + (2), 92 pp. Exceedingly scarce first edition of Morris' book of tables for renewing and purchasing leases in relation to age, being the most accurate and comprehensive list of tables published at the time. The work was considered controversial due to the proposed fall in rent in relation to age, which was seen as a discrimination against young people; a concept which today has been implemented in virtually all aspects of banking and insurance. "As late as 1735, Gael Morris, a writer of commercial manuals on annuities and leases, explained that annuities could frequently be purchased cheaper on lives aged between 30 and 40 than on lives under 25 because 'the Hazards of Persons between 15 and 25 are so many' - a conclusion making some intuitive sense but strictly at odds with the lessons taught by Halley's table. There seems to have existed, in short, a deep reluctance to embrace the discovery that the value of annuities and land leases made for the duration of a life (or lives) varied predictably with the age(s) of the lessee(s)." (Clark, Betting On Lives: The Culture of Life Insurance in England, 1695-1775, p. 116).Gael Morris worked as a mathematician and astronomer and was the assistant of British astronomer James Bradley for several years, where he helped to compute tables of planetary orbits.The work is of the utmost scarcity, with only five copies listed on OCLC (two in the US) and merely one copy listed at auction within the last 40 years (being this copy). Goldsmith: 7269.Hanson: 4767Macclesfield: 1455

Brünn, 1867. 8vo. Entire volume present. Uncut and unopened in the original printed wrappers. A few tears and lacks of paper to extremities. Paper spine (entirely present) kept together by tape. Internally completely fresh. Pp. (160) - 172. [Entire volume: XXII, (2), 87, (1), 236, (2) pp.]. Extremely scarce first edition of the fifth meteorological publication (from the same periodical in which "Über Pflanzen-Hybriden" was published the year before) by the founder of genetics, Gregor Mendel. The paper represents an important contribution to the emergence of exact weather-forecasting and helped found Mendel's reputation as the leading meteorologist of Moravia.Apart from plant growing and seeding, Gregor Mendel's main interest lay in the field of meteorology, to which he contributed substantially throughout many years of his life. Mendel was a farmer's son and grew up with farm growing. His great interest in the science of meteorology may be partly explained by his background, as he was very much aware of the tremendous influence of the weather on the productivity and harvesting of crops. The idea behind his precise meteorological observations, the first official one of which he made in 1848, was for him to become able to make reliable weather predictions - a thing which would be of great value to farmers especially. From 1848 to 1862 Mendel and Dr. Pavel Olexik recorded a series of observations, which they presented at the first meeting of the newly established Brünn Natural Science Society. After that Mendel began supplying the Vienna Meteorological Institute with the data of his daily observations in Brünn. It was due to Mendel and other experts on the subject that the institute began publishing daily weather reports and forecasts in the 1870'ies, as they had been persuaded of the value of such reports and forecasts to farmers. "Mendel began his meteorological studies in 1856 and was soon recognized as the only authority on this subject in Moravia. In his first meteorological paper, published in 1863, he summarized graphically the results of observations at Brno, using the statistical principle to compare the data for a given year with the average conditions of the previous fifteen years. Between 1863 and 1869, the paper was followed by five similar communications concerned with the whole of Moravia... In 1877, with his support, weather forecasts for farmers in Moravia were issued, the first in central Europe... These studies [i.e. the meteorological ones]... have much in common methodologically with his studies of hybridization. They grew out of his habit of scrupulously collecting and recording data, thinking in quantitative terms, and subjecting observational data to statistical treatment " (D.S.B. IX:279)."Note that his meteorological work was well known and highly regarded during his lifetime, but is now almost forgotten. By contrast, his work with peas, to which he devoted only eight years, was ignored during his lifetime, but is now highly regarded." (Corcos & Monaghan, Gregor Mendel's Experiments on Plant Hybrids, 1966, p. 32). According to Dictionary of Scientific Biography, "The "Verhandlungen" was distributed to 134 scientific institutions in various countries, including those in New York, Chicago, and Washington." It is generally accepted that no more than 200 copies of the "Verhandlungen" were published, and the surviving volumes are of great scarcity.

Kiøbenhavn [Copenhagen], N. Möller, 1779. 4to. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands and gilt ornamentation to spine. Light wear to extremities, corners bumped. Previous owner's name to upper margin of front free end-paper. Occassionally leaves split between quires. A few leaves miscoloured. An overall very nice and clean copy. (20), 291, (24) + 34 engraved plates, several of them folded and 1 frontispiece. First edition of one of the very first detailed descriptions of North Africa and Morocco in particular, containing the earliest description of Moroccan-Arabic dialect in a European source by mentioning personal pronouns, some verbs and prepositions, genitive marker, present markers and euphemisms, together with comparisons between Moroccan and Classical Arabic. Containing detailed and accurate information about the history, geography, government, commerce, religion, culture and customs, it became one of the most important works for the study of Morocco in the eighteenth century, and it was quickly translated into German and French. Georg Hjersing Höst (1734-1794) was between 1760 and 1768 in Morocco, first in the service of the Danish-African Royal Company and later as vice consul of Denmark in Mogador (Essaouira).Schnurrer "Biblioheca Arabica", vide Nos. 125 a. 139.

Basel, Io. Bebelium, 1534. Folio. Smukt nyere helldrbd. i flammet kalv, ophøjede bind på ryg udført i gl. stil. (16),189 blade. Titelbladet opsat med lidt skjolder og reparationer. Fra fol 127 starter en svag skjold i indre margin som gennem siderne breder sig i teksten. Fol 187-89 repareret med tab af lidt tekst i nederste hjørner. Lidt brunpletter og svage skjolder, mest i marginer. Første tekstside med bred træskåren ramme efter forlæg af Hans Holbein. Iøvrigt en del træskårne initialer.Folio. Beautiful recent full mottled calf binding in old style w. raised bands on back. Title-page mounted w. a few restorations and a bit of waterstaining. From f. 127 and throughout weak foxing to inner margin, which further on streches out into the text. Ff. 187-189 repaired w. a bit of loss of text to lower corners. A few brownspots and weak waterstaining, mostly marginal. First leaf of text w. a broad woodcut frame, made after Holbein. Many woodcut initials. (16), 189 ff. The rare Basel-edition of Saxo. It is the second Saxo-edition, but it is rarer than the first. Ther present work constitute the first full history of Denmark for posterity and to this day the most important of all Danish historical publications. This magnificent work contains the first known written narrative of the legend of Hamlet and served as the basis for Shakespeare's play. Denne såkaldte Basel-udgave er anden trykte Saxo-udgave og regnes for den mest sjældne.Adams S,631. - Lauritz Nielsen, 241.

Paris, De L'Imprimerie de la République, An V (1797). 4to. Uncut and partially unopened. Contemporary manuscript-binding. Provenance: With the exlibris of Stillman Drake - one of the most renown Galileo scholars. Some light brown spotting through out. Otherwise a very good copy. (4),VIII,276 pp. First edition, first printing. Several bibliographies mention that there are two issues of the first edition, with no priority established - one with 277 numbered pages and another with 276 numbered pages which compromises Vol. III of the ninth cahier of the 'Journal de l'Ecole Polytechnique' (see Norman 1258 for example). However, the second mentioned printing was first published in 1801 (See Prof. Craig G. Fraser's article in "Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940", pp. 258-276).Lagrange is the great formulizer of his time. In his masterpiece 'Méchanique Analytique' from 1788 he freed Newtonian mechanics from synthetic and geometrical reasoning by reducing the theory of mechanics and the art of solving problems in that field to the mere solution of general formulas. In this work, the 'Théorie des fonctions analytiques', Lagrange attempted to give calculus an algebraic foundation and avoid the employment of infinitely small quantities. In this work Lagrange developed a systematic foundation of the calculus. Throughout the eighteenth century a critical attitude had developed both within mathematics and within general scientific culture. Bishop George Berkeley had already in 1734 in his work 'The Analyst' called attention to what he perceived as logical weaknesses in the reasonings of the calculus arising from the employment of infinitely small quantities. And by the end of the century a growing interest in the foundations of analysis was reflected in the decisions of the academies of Berluin and Saint Petersburg to devote prize competitions to the metaphysics of the calculus and the nature of the infinite. In Original contributions: Lagrange's conception of theorem-proving in analysis; his derivation of what is today called the Lagrange remainder in the Taylor expansion of a function; his formulation of the multipiler rule in the calculus of variations; and his account of sufficiency questions in the calculus of variations.Barchas 1198. Riccardi I (2), 3. Norman 1258. Honeyman 1881, Stanitz ,

Frankfurt am Main, Wolffgang Hoffmann, 1635. Folio (340 x 220 mm). In contemporary vellum with blind tooled frames to boards and yapp edges. Small white paper label to upper part of spine, indicating the number in an estate library. A fine copy. (46), 962, 969-1316 pp. + 37 engraved plates, the majority being double-page. Wanting the frontispiece. First edition, rarely found in such nice condition as here, of this monumental and beautifully illustrated work, often regarded as being one of the best documentations on the era of the Thirty Years’ War, that of Louis XIV and early modern Europe in general. The work continued to be published by various authors and editors up till 1728 and ended with 21 volumes. Wüthrich III, S.121.

Kief, F. A. Johanson, 1882. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Extremities with wear and spine lacking 1 cm of upper part of spine. Title-page with 8 numbers written in contemporary hand. Pasted down back end-paper with two small stamps, otherwise internally fine. VII, 433 pp. Rare first Russian translation of Darwin's "The Power of Movement in Plants" published two years after the Original English. "This [the present work] was an extension of the work on climbing plants to show that the same mechanisms hold good for flowering plants in general. It was another specialist book...". (Freeman).It appeared in French, German and Russian by 1882, and in Italian and Romanian later. Freeman 1349

Koppenhagen, (Colophon: Mads Vingaard - zu kauff bey Heinrich Waldkirch), 1597. 4to. Indbundet i et 1700-tals helbind i masrmoreret kalveskind. 5 ophøjede bind på ryggen. Rig forgyldning i rygfelterne. Forgyldt titeletiket. Lidt slid langs kanter. marmorerede forsatse. Titelbladet trykt i rødt og sort. Rigsvåbnet i træsnit på A3 verso.(104) unnummererede blade. Lettere bladgulning i starten, spredte brunpletter, nogle blade i midten med svage marginalskjolder. Øverst på et af de forreste friblade signeret "Oldenburg" (Frederik Oldenburg, assessor i Højesteret, historiker og kendt bogsamler). Originaludgaven af August Erichs kendte førstehåndsberetning om Christian IV's kroning. Året efter blev værket udgivet på dansk."August Erich calls himself "German Secretary to his Royal Majesty". He was present at the ceremonious coronation of King Christian IV August 29, 1596, and describes the various processions, festivities and tournaments. He also records the names of the persons taking part in the coronation and how they were dressed." (Thesaurus I, 230).Lauritz Nielsen, 573. - Bibl. Dan.III,70. - Thesaurus I,230.

Cambridge, 1722. 4to. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands with red leather title-label with gilt lettering to spine. Boards with a few scratches, missing small parts of the leather. corners bumped. Upper endbands showing. Upper outer corner with dampstain, primarily affecting first leaves, otherwise a good copy. Printed on good paper. (20), 249, (3), 125, (1) pp. + 1 folded plate. First edition of Cotes’ important posthumously published work. Roger Cotes (1682-1716) published only one scientific paper in his lifetime, and the present work thus constitutes the earliest and main record of his mathematical achievements. According to Augustus de Morgan, this is 'the earliest work in which decisiveness progress was made in the application of logarithms and of the properties of the circle of the calculus of fluents'; it includes the first version of the Newton-Cotes formulas, the first introduction of Euler's formula, and the 'Cotes' theorum' of trigonometry. Furthermore, it contains the “Earliest attempt to frame a theory of errors.” (Jungnickel, Cavendish: The Experimental Life, p. 150). Roger Cotes (1682–1716), much respected in his own right, is also known for working closely with Isaac Newton by proofreading the second edition of his famous book, the Principia, before publication. He became the first Plumian Professor at Cambridge University from 1707 until his death. When Cotes died Cambridge in 1716 at the early age of 33 Isaac Newton famously remarked, "If he had lived we would have known something." Tomash & Williams C184 Norman 519 Wallis 246 Babson (Supplement) 29

Paris, J. Baudry, 1868 - 1877. Large 4to. In contemporary full blue cloth with two red title-labels to spines. Wear to extremities, corner's bumped, scratches to boards and parts of the title-label missing. Underlinings and marginal annotations in pencil. Plates brownspotted, primarily in margin, and dampstain to inner margin of plate 16-38. (8), 164 pp. + 38 plates. Second expanded edition of this landmark work on semitic inscriptions “In which he revealed, for the first time, the great richness of late antique architecture to be found in the interior of Syria” (Kennedy, Crusader Castles) - here with the added part of the "inscriptions sabéennes", found in the region south east of Damascus in Syria, not present in the first edition. The first part is identical to first edition from 1868 but here also with the must sought after "inscriptions sabéennes". It focuses on the central region of Syria and provides a comprehensive analysis and translation of the inscriptions found in this area. The author, Charles Jean Melchior de Vogüé, was a renowned scholar and archaeologist dedicated to the study of ancient Semitic languages and scripts. Vogüé's book offers valuable insights into the historical and cultural significance of the region through its meticulous translation and commentary on the inscriptions. "De Vogüé travelled with William Waddington in 1853 and 1854, exploring the area from Aleppo to Damascus, Palmyra and Basra. It was an important expedition and much new material was uncovered. The author became ambassador to the Porte in 1871" (Blackmer). Blackmer 174

Strassbourg, Hans Schotten, 1545. Folio. Later hcalf (mid 19th century). Gilt spine, raised bands and with gilt lettering. A large crowned monogram, stamped in gold, on frontcover. Title in red/black with large coat of arms in woodcut. (8), 504, (10) pp. Colophon-leaf with printed monogram in woodcut and with errata. many historical initials in woodcut. 10 first leaves waterstained in a small part of upper margins, 70 first and last 50 leaves with dampstaining on foot. First German edition. Brunet III:696. Bibl. Danica II, 593 . This is a separate edition of the Denmark part of the first edition of Krantz' important chronicle of the Nordic countries, with new title pages and with the arms of Frederick III. Albert Krantz (c. 1450 - December 7, 1517), German historian, was a native of Hamburg. He studied law, theology and history at Rostock and Cologne, and after travelling through western and southern Europe was appointed professor, first of philosophy and subsequently of theology, in the University of Rostock, of which he was rector in 1482. In 1493 he returned to Hamburg as theological lecturer, canon and prebendary in the cathedral. By the senate of Hamburg he was employed on more than one diplomatic mission abroad, and in 1500 he was chosen by the king of Denmark and the duke of Holstein as arbiter in their dispute regarding the province of Dithmarschen. As dean of the cathedral chapter, to which office he was appointed in 1508, Krantz applied himself with zeal to the reform of ecclesiastical abuses, but, though opposed to various corruptions connected with church discipline, he had little sympathy with the drastic measures of Wycliffe or Huss. With Martin Luther's protest against the abuse of Indulgences he was in general sympathy, but with the reformer's later attitude he could not agree. When, on his death-bed, he heard of the ninety-five theses, he is said, on good authority, to have exclaimed: "Brother, Brother, go into thy cell and say, God have mercy upon me!" Krantz died on the 7th of December 1517.Krantz was the author of a number of historical works which for the period when they were written are characterized by exceptional impartiality and research. The principal of these are Chronica regnorum aquilonarium Daniae, Sveciae, et Noruagiae (Strassburg, 1546); Vandalia, sive Historia de Vandalorum jerq origine, etc. (Cologne, 1518); Saxonia (1520); and Metropolis, sive Historia de ecclesiis sub Carolo Magno in Saxonia (Basel, 1548).Brunet III,696. - Bibl. Danica II, 593 .

Duisburg, Falk & Lange, 1866. 8vo. Original publisher's black cloth with gilt lettering to spine and blindstamped borders to boards. Small tears to top capital and a small tear to the top of hinges. Otherwise very clean and fresh, aslo internally. VIII, 256 pp. Scarce first edition of Lange's highly influential work, which came to serve as a great source of inspiration to Karl Marx, who read it extensively. Especially Lange's theories on rent theory and soil exhaustion (chapter 4 in the present work) influenced Marx profoundly.Apart from his influence through Marx, Lange was seminal in the spreading of Darwinism in Germany. Nietzsche was introduced to Darwin via Lange, which became pivotal in his construction of his theory of the Übermensch. "[Lange], elucidates his critique against the Leibig school in the 1866 book [the present], the title which ironically mocks Dühring's book. Marx made some excerpts from this book in the beginning of 1868 and possessed a copy in his library. These excerpts are important because Marx focused on chapter 4 in which lange criticizes Carey's and Dühring's view on agriculture. Marx documented a passage in which Lange rejects Carey's idea of the harmonious development; especially the latter's treatment of a "protective tariff" as "panacea" which should automatically lead to the establishment of an autarchic. " (Karl Marx's Ecosocialism)."Thus in 1868 Marx began reading the work of authors who took a more critical stance toward Liebig's Agricultural Chemistry. He was already familiar with arguments such as Roscher's, which held that the robbery system should be criticized from the point of view of "natural science" but could be justified from an "economic" standpoint insofar as it was more profitable. According to Roscher, it was only necessary to stop the robbery just before it became too expensive to recover the original fertility of the soil-but market prices would take care of that. Adopting Roscher's arguments, Friedrich Albert Lange, a German philosopher, argued against Dühring's reception of Liebig and Carey in his J. St. Mill's Views of the Social Question [J. St. Mills Ansichten über die sociale Frage] published in 1866. Marx read Lange's book at the beginning of 1868, and it is no coincidence that his notebook focuses on its fourth chapter, where Lange discusses the problems of rent theory and soil exhaustion. Specifically, Marx noted Lange's observation that Carey and Dühring denounced "trade" with England as a cause of all evils and regarded a "protective tariff" as the ultimate "panacea," without Lange's recognizing that "industry" possesses a "centralizing tendency," which creates not only the division of town and country but also economic inequality. Similar to Roscher, Lange argued that "despite the natural scientific correctness of Liebig's theory," robbery cultivation can be justified from a "national economic" perspective."( Saito, Marx's Ecological Notebooks)Lange is a significant figure among the mid nineteenth century German intellectuals who were concerned to think through the impact of developments in natural science for philosophy, pedagogy, and politics."Lange was one of the originators of "physiological neo-Kantianism" and an important figure in the founding of the Marburg school of neo-Kantianism. He played a significant role in the German labour movement and in the development of social democratic thought. He articulated a socialist Darwinism that was an alternative to early social Darwinism." (SEP)Die Bibliotheken von Marx und Engels (MEGA IV.32).

Budapest, Kiadja A. K. M., 1884. 8vo. In the publisher's original two embossed full red cloth bindings with gilt lettering to spine. Small vague stamp to both half-titles. Hindges loose on volume i. A fine fine and clean copy. LXXI, (1), 542 pp.; VII, 5, 436 pp. The exceedingly rare first Hungarian translation of Darwin's The Descent of Man. "Compared with the original and with a biography by Margó Tivador" (Freeman). The Hungarian public was introduced to Darwinism early on when Ferenc Jánosi reviewed The Origin of Species in the Budapesti Szemle (Budapest Review) a half year after it first appeared in English. Darwin's principal works were first published in Hungarian translation by the Royal Hungarian Natural Science Society (Királyi Magyar Természettudományi Társulat). The Origin of Species, translated by László Dapsy, was published in 1873; The present work in 1884 and a few years later, in 1897, the latter work was translated anew and published by László Seress. "It is characteristic of the enlightened spirit of the country in this period that Darwin received academic recognition earlier in Hungary than in England. Although Cambridge did not honor Darwin until 1879, he was elected an honorary member of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1872, the same year on this occasion the renowned Hungarian zoologist Tivadar Margó visited him at Down.Historical circumstances played a major role in this quick appearance of Darwinism and its popularity in Hungary. The failure of the 1848-49 revolution and war of independence seemingly put an end to progressive political discourse, signaling an ideological crisis among the intelligentsia. In this context, the natural sciences with their 'eternal truths' promised a way out, inasmuch as science's promised objectivity might well serve as a politically neutral expression of progressive values" (Mund, The Reception of Charles Darwin in Nineteenth-Century Hungarian Society)."Darwin wrote, in the preface to the second edition, of 'the fiery ordeal through which this book has passed'. He had avoided the logical outcome of the general theory of evolution, bringing man into the scheme, for twelve years, and in fact it had, by that time, been so much accepted that the clamour of the opposition was not strident. He had also been preceded in 1863 by Huxley's Man's place in nature. The book, in its first edition, contains two parts, the descent of man itself, and selection in relation to sex. The word 'evolution' occurs, for the first time in any of Darwin's works, on page 2 of the first volume of the first edition, that is to say before its appearance in the sixth edition of The origin of species in the following year." (Freeman).Freeman no. 1084.

[No place], 1792 & 1793. Folio. 2 volumes. Vol. 1 (1792) in a bit later half calf with five rasied bands and gilt lettering to spine. Vol. 2 in a later full sprinkled calf with five raised bands and with gilt lettering and gilt stamp to spine. Small paper-label pasted on to pasted down front end-papers and stamp to first front free end-paper and two stamps to title-pages. Light wear to extremities. Written of thick paper. Fine and clean. LLII, 277, (3) pp. XVII, 291, (4) pp. Danish manuscript translation of Tofino's famous description of the Spanish Mediterranean coast. "Vincente Tofiño was a rear-admiral in the Spanish navy. He was a renowned astronomer and mathematician and near the close of his career was the King’s hydrographer. Between 1783-1788, Tofiño charted the ports and coasts of Spain as well as the shore of North Africa. He eventually was elected as correspondent of the Spanish Academy of History and of the French and Portuguese Academies of Sciences." Translator De Løwenørn (Kommandør-Kaptajn Friderich de Løwenørn) n 1784, captain lieutenant Poul de Løwenørn assisted the Danish crown in establishing the Royal Danish Nautical Chart Archive. He was appointed the institution’s first Director. At this time, only France had a similar institute."In the first instance, the Danish Admirality requested Løwenørn to collect all existing nautical charts and navigational details in the country, for both Danish and international waters. He was to develop accurate and reliable charts for both the Navy and Merchant Marine.In addition to these formidable tasks, Løwenørn also took the initiative to establish a Lighthouse Authority, a Buoy Authority and a Pilot Authority as well as improve the country’s harbours." (Danish Geodata Agency).Hansen, Sources of the History of North Africa, Asia and Oceania in Denmark, p. 459.

København, 1828-35. 3 smukke senere hldrbd.m.rygforgyldn.og skindtitler. Frisk ubeskåret eksemplar, såvel plancher som tekstsider. Med ialt 288 håndkolorerede, kobberst. blomsterplancher(efter Flora Danica og Palmstruch) samt 576 pp. beskrivende tekst. Bound in three beautiful later hcalfs w. gilt backs and leather title labels to backs. Clean and uncut copy, wich goes for both text-leaves and plates. All in all 288 handcoloured engr. plates of plants (after Flora Danica and Palmstruch) and 576 pp. of descriptive text. Et af de smukkeste blomsterværker på dansk. Sjælden.The work is rare and counts as one of the most beatiful works on plants in Danish.

Lancaster, American Physical Society, 1923. Royal8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In: Physical Review, Second Series, Vol. 25, No. 5, May 1923. With black cloth back-strip. Front wrapper missing top right corner and front wrapper washed/polished. Internally fine and clean. [Compton's paper:] pp. 483-502. [Entire issue:] Pp: 483-584. First printing of this milestone paper in quantum physics in which Compton verifies Planck's quantum postulate and found that some of the X-rays had, in scattering, lenghtened their wavelenght. This phenomena was called the "Compton Effect" in his honour. For this discovery Compton received the Nobel prize in physics in 1927."Compton was able to account for this (lenghtening of wavelenght) by presuming that a photon of light struch an electron, which recoiled, subtracting some energy from the photon and therefore increasing its wavelenght. This made it seem that a photon acted as a particle: thus after more than a century, the particulate natuer of light, as evolved by Newton, was revived... What itamounted to was that Compton brought to fruition the view that electromagnetic radiation had both a wave aspect and a particle aspect, and that the aspect which was most evident depended on how the radiation was tested. De Broglie was, at the same time, showing that this held true also for ordinary particles, such as electrons." (Asimov)Parkinson "Breakthroughs", 1923 P. - Sigmund Brandt "The Harvest of as Century", Episode 31.

Paris, Hachette, 1843. 8vo. Bound in a beautiful contemporary half calf binding with four raised bands and elegant gilding to spine. Fine, elegant super ex-libris to front board (Lycée Louis le Grand, Université de France), inside blindtamped border. A bit of occasional brownspotting. An excellent and very beautiful copy. (4), VIII, 448 pp. + one plate. The rare first edition of the work in which the theory of probability is stated clearly and completely for the first time, making it of the utmost importance to mathematics, logic, philosophy, economics, and philosophy of science.The work "is important in the theory of probability, since it examines in an original way the interpretation and foundations of this calculus and its applications." (D.S.B. III:451). Cournot insists on a clear distinction between "objective possibility" and "subjective possibility", and to that he himself adds that which he calls "philosophical probability". "Of course, Cournot neither solved nor satisfactorily stated the problem of the logical foundation of the calculus of probability. But he had the distinction of having been the first to dissociate -in a radical way- various ideas that still were obscure, thus opening the way for deeper and more systematic research..." (D.S.B. III:451).Whereas Bernoulli was the first to actually formulate the theory of probability often called "the principle of moral certainty", Cournot, in the present work, is the first to suggest that it provides a bridge between the mathematics of probability and the real world. It is Cournot's theory of probability that Borel later develops further and calls "the only law of chance".

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Gilt spine. Wear to top of spine and with 2 tears to hinges at upper spine. Inner backhinge nearly broken. A stamp to foot of a few leaves In: 'Zeitschrift für Physik', Volume 31. VIII,952 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Pauli's paper: pp.765-783. Internally clean and fine. First edition of the first announcement of Pauli's Exclusion Principle which gives a criterion for the electronic structure of atoms, and explains the periodic table and the combining properties of the elements.Pauli first formulated his exclusion principle in this article in an attempt to explain the structure of the periodic table. By introducing an additional quantum number, namely the spin of an electron, to the already known three quantum numbers in Bohr's atom model, and by postulating that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers, Pauli could explain the number of electrons allowed in the outermost shell, e.g., explaining the varying lengths of successive periods in the table. The exclusion principle turned out to be applicable to all fermions, and thus plays a role in a variety of physical phenomena. For example it explains the formation of degenerate matter in white dwarfs and neutron stars. In 1945 Pauli received the Nobel Prize in physics "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle".This volume also contains a paper by Heisenberg: 'Über eine Anwendung des Korrespondenzprinzips auf die Frage der Polarisation des Floureszenzlichtes' , A. Einstein: "Bemerkung zu P. Jordans Abhandlung "Zur Theorie der Quantenstrahlung"and another paper by Pauli: 'Über den Einfluss der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Elektronenmasse auf den Zeemaneffekt' (Zeeman-Effect and the Dependence of Electron-Mass on the Velocity).

Leipzig, J.G.J. Breitkopf und Comp, 1793. 8vo. Bound in one very nice contemporary half calf binding with beautifully gilt title- and tome-labels to spine. Corners bumped. Internally very fresh and clean. A very nice, clean, and fresh copy. Woodcut vignettes to all title-pages. (8), CLXXII, 258; 245, (1); 238 pp. Extremely scarce first edition of Hausius' classic on the critical philosophy of Kant, which constitutes the first collection of materials pertaining to the reception of Kant's philosophy, a work of utmost importance to Kant scholarship and to establishing the entire Critical tradition. The work, which appeared in the same year as Kant's third and final Critique, constitutes an invaluable source for anyone interested in the early development of critical philosophy, "a work which is as valuable as it is rare." (Adickes)."The Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is without question one of the landmarks of the entire history of Western philosophy, comparable in its importance and influence to only a handful of other works such as Plato's Republic, Aristotle's organon of logical works, and Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy. The Critique was first published in 1781, after a decade of intensive preparation,1 and within a few years became the center of attention in German philosophy,and shortly after that in other European countries with advanced philosophical culture such as Britain and France as well.2 - 2: As early as 1793, Karl Gottlob Hausius was able to publish a three-part collection of Materialen zur Geschichte der critischen Philosophie("Materials for the History of the Critical Philosophy") (Leipzig: Breitkopf, 1793)." (Poul Guyer, The Cambridge Companion to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, p. 1). " "Materialien zur Geschichte der Critischen Philosophie. In Drey Sammlungen. Nebst Einer historischen Einleitung zur Geschichte der Kantischen Philosphie. " A work which is as valuable as it is rare. After a preface of eight pages, and a table of contents, follows [pp. III - XCVI] a fairly complete bibliography of writings UPON Kant, up to 1793 inclusive [...], of 243 titles [no. 244 is given as an addendum, pp. CLXXI, CLXXIII]. The remarks appended to most af the works cited [some lines to two pages long] are, so far as I have examined them, and I have identified a majority, reviews or portions of reviews from the A.D.B. and the Th.A. The works are grouped in four classes: [1] those of speculative and [2] practical content; [3] those refrring to positive religion and [4] to the history of Kantian philosophy. [...] (Erich Adickes: Bibliography of Writings by and on Kant Which Have Appeared in Germany up to the end of 1887).Only few copies are listed on OCLC, and only some of these have all three parts. It seems that four Americal Libraries own copies: Harvard (Houghton), Columbia, Cornell, and University of Southern California.

Leipzig, Felix Meiner, 1931. The entire volume present. 8vo. Orig. printed green wrappers. Sunning to spine, and a bit of soiling and minor wear to front wrapper w. minor loss of upper layer of paper at two pages, not gone through paper. A few leaves w. marginal markings, quite discreet. Library marking to inside of front wrapper, library stamp to title-page (Mathematical Institute of the University of Amsterdam). Overall a fine and nice copy. Pp. (91) - 105 + (106) - 115 + (116) - 121. The entire volume: (2) pp., Pp. (91) - 190. First edition of the Erkenntnis-volume from the Königsberg congress of 1930, where Gödel introduced his incompleteness results and Carnap, Heyting and von Neumann held the seminal papers (here printed for the first time) that ended the "Grundlagenkrise der Mathematik" (foundational crisis of mathematics). It is also in this volume that the seminal discussions following Gödel's announcements of his results are printed for the first time ("Discussion on the Foundation of Mathematics", between Gödel, von Neumann, Carnap, Hahn, Reidemeister, Heyting, and Scholz) (Gödel, Collected Works, 1931a) as well as the article which inaugurated the logicist foundation of mathematics, in which the modern sense of "logicism" is introduced (Carnap's contribution).In Königsberg in September 1930, Gödel presented his incompleteness results, a landmark in mathematical logic, at the second congress of scientific epistemology, -a congress which proved to be a turning point in the history of philosophical and mathematical logic. It is the papers presented at this congress which are printed in the present volume, apart from the contributions by Gödel and Scholtz (which were printed elsewhere) together with the seminal discussions that followed the presentation of the papers. The groundbreaking papers that are printed here include Carnap's "Die Logizistische Grundlegung der Mathematik", which furthermore introduced the modern sense of the term "logicism", Arend Heyting's "Die intuitionistische Grundlegung der Mathematik" and Johann von Neumann's "Die formalistische Grundlegung der Mathematik" as well as papers by Neugebauer, Reichenbach and Heisenberg. The present papers, as well as the following discussion, mark a turning point in the history of logic and a cornerstone in the future development of the field. The so-called "Foundational Crisis of Mathematics" was a phase within mathematics begun in the early 20th century due to the search for proper foundations of mathematics and the uncertainty of this quest, which was supported by the many difficulties that philosophy of mathematics faced at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century . The crisis took its actual beginning with the publication of Russell's "principles of Mathematics" of 1903, culminated in the 1920'ies with the main advocates of Formalism and Intuitionism respectively, Hilbert and Brouwer, in what is called the "foundational struggle of mathematics", and ended with the present volume in 1931, following the congress of 1930.With the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry in the 18th century, it became evident that not only one sort of mathematics was possible, and even that some propositions could be true in one mathematical system, but false in another. This was the actual basis for the awareness of a mathematical foundation in the mathematical public, which again was the basis for the fact that the question of the foundation of mathematics could develop -and could develop into an actual crisis. During the first 30 years of the 20th century, almost all great mathematicians worked on their answer to the question of the correct foundation of mathematics, and thus it came to a crisis that developed into a struggle. It is this struggle and crisis that Carnap, Heyting and von Neumann break in 1930, where they present the three great positions of the struggling years: logicism (Carnap), intuitionism (Heyting) and formalism (von Neumann), and it is these three papars that pave the way for the discussion that follows, "Diskussion zur Grundlegung der Mathematik", between Gödel, Hahn, Carnap, Heyting, von Neumann, Reidemeister, and Scholz. They all presented their positions in the most conciliatory manner, out of the comprehension that all parties who had contributed to the crisis had also contributed because they wanted to solve it, and because they were also searching for the best possible foundation. It is also this comprehension that Hilbert takes over, when he, in his program, sets out to prove the contradiction-freedom of infinite mathematics on the basis of finite arithmetic.Thus, the seminal papers in the present volume once and for all ended the foundational crisis of mathematics and any fear of new antinomies.