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Lund, C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, 1909 & 1911. 8vo. Bound with the original wrappers of volume 1 in one contemporary half blue cloth binding with red leather titel label with gilt lettering to spine. A fine and clean copy. XVI,191, (4), 179 pp. First edition of the first Swedish translation of Adam Smith's ground-breaking main work, the "Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations". Smaller parts of the book had previously been translated into Swedish (in 1800, 1804 and 1869), but the present translation is considered the first actual translation of the work (even though some parts have been excluded by translator Emil Sommarin, who based his translation the 5th English edition, the last edition to be supervised by Adam Smith himself). It is to this date the only Swedish translation of the work, which tells us a lot about the history of Swedish economics. Despite the comparatively late translation into Swedish, it still had a profound influence, not on economists since they were well aware of the original work in English, but upon politics and public opinion in general: "There are few things more striking to the modem student of the history of ideas in Sweden than the negative phenomenon that Sweden was almost entirely uninfluenced by this fact and thus remained almost unaffected by English economic thought during a period when its superiority was most evident. As far as I am acquainted with the Swedish economic discussion and our popular economic literature of the 1860's and 1870's, there is almost no trace of any influence from English writers. [...]Of Adam Smith we have still only one abbreviated translation of his famous work and that was published as late as during this century; and, as far as I know, nothing of Ricardo's or Malthus' exists in Swedish, nor do any of the major economic works of J.S. Mill." (Heckscher, A survey of economic thought in Sweden, 1875-1950).Translator Emil Sommarin (1874-1955) was a student of Knut Wicksell, arguably the most influential Swedish economist, and Sommarin succeeded Wicksell's professorship in national economics. Wicksell "came to know his classics very well and became and remained an admirer of Adam Smith. Around 1910 he also assisted his former student and successor as economics professor in Lund, Emil Sommarin, with the translation of WN, still the most complete we have in Sweden. In this connection he wrote to a friend in Uppsala, "It is almost unbelievable that we have been denied this masterpiece for 125 years and our economic policy is a result of the omission" (Cheng-Chung Lai, Adam Smith Across Nations, p. 384).

Preveo M. Pijade (Belgrad), Biblioteka Marksizma-Lenjinizma, 1945. 8vo (195 x 145 mm). In the original printed wrappers. A few small nicks to wrappers and a few occassional light markings in margin. Otherwise a fine and clean copy. 64, (3) pp. First Croatian translation of the Communist Manifesto, translated by Moša Pijade (1890 – 1957), a Yugoslav communist, politician and Tito’s close friends. Pijade also translated the introductions to previous translations to other languages, to help the reader to understand the importance of the work. Pijade, artist, art critic and author, was born in Belgrade and of Sephardic Jewish parentage. He joined the Communist party in the 1920s, in which he was active as a writer for various newspapers and magazines. After having translated ‘Das Kapital’ in 1924, Pijade was arrested and sentenced to 20 years in prison because of his ‘revolutionary activities’, a sentence, for which he served 14 years. In the prison Moša Pijade befriended Josip Bros-Tito, who was also imprisoned for his illegal communist activities, and the two men became good friends. During WWII, Pijade became one of the leaders of Tito’s partisans and after the war the President of the Yugoslavian Parliament between 1954 and 1955. In 1948, Pijade convinced Tito to allow the Yugoslav Jews to immigrate to Israel.

(Bucharest), National Academy, 1957. Folio. With the original printed wrappers in publisher's full cloth with gilt lettering to spine and gilt ornamentation to spine forming 6 compartments. A fine copy. (2), LXXXIV, 398, (2) pp. [plate with genealogical tree included in the pagination]. Rare first complete Romanian translation of Darwin's "Origin of Species". A preliminary and incomplete translation was made and published in 1950 (48 pp,. which also included a biography of Darwin [Freeman 746]).Freeman 747.

Leipzig, Carl B. Lorck, [1848?]. 12mo. Bound in the original richly gilt and blindstamped full cloth binding. All edges gilt. Minor wear to outer hinges, neatly restored. Inscribed by Andersen to front free endpaper: "Kunstnerinden / den elskværdige Madam / Rosenkilde / bringer jeg denne Bouquet / fra min Digterhave / Nytaarsmorgen / 1852. / H. C. Andersen." ('To the artist, the amiable Madam Rosenkilde, I bring this bouquet from my garden of poetry / New Year's Morning / 1852. / H. C. Andersen'). (8), 448 pp. A beautiful copy of the rare pocket edition, without Vilhelm Pedersen's illustrations, of Carl B. Lorck's German edition of Andersen's collected fairy tales. The edition is undated, but according to the Hans Christian Andersen Centre, it was printed in 1848, a year after the first volume of the first German edition of Andersen's collected works. The present copy is inscribed by Andersen to the renowned Danish actress Julie Weber Sødring, born Rosenkilde (1823-1894). Rosenkilde was a dear friend of Andersen and is mentioned frequently in his diaries. The copy once belonged to the Danish historian Theodor Alfred Müller (1865-1950), who passed it on to Kamma Roos (1886-1973), wife of the prominent literary historian Carl Roos (1884-1962). In 1968, Kamma gifted it to the distinguished Danish librarian and Andersen collector Erik Dal (1922-2006).

London, 1913 & 1914. 8vo. 2 volumes, uniformly bound with the original wrappers in recent full blue cloth. In "The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine", Sixth Series, Vol. 26, no. 156, December 1913 & vol. 27, no. 160, April 1914. Lower part of index (pp. 1059-1064) in vol 26 with horisontal repair to lower part, affecting last three line (but legible). A fine and clean set. Moseley's papers: pp. 703-13; pp. 1024-1034. [Entire issues: pp. 937-1064; pp. 541-756]. First edition of these groundbreaking papers, in which the arrangement of the elements in the periodic table was based on the atomic number and which thus placed the atomic table on a firm scientific foundation. "Moseley, working under Rutherford at Manchester, used the method of X-ray spectroscopy devised by the Braggs to calculate variations in the wave-lenght of the rays emitted by each element. These he was able to arrange in a series according to the nuclear charge of the element. Thus if the nuclear charge of hydrogen is 1, in helium it is 2, in lithium 3, and so on by regular progression to uranium as 92. These figures Moseley called atomic numbers.he pointed out that they also represented a corresponding increase in extra-nuclear electrons and that it is the number and arrangement of these electrons rather than the atomic weight that determines the properties of an element. It was now possible to base the periodical table on a firm foundation, and to state with confidence that the number of elements up to uranium is limited to 92. When Moseley'stable was completed, six atomic numbers had no corresponding elements; but Moseley himself was able to predict the nature of four of the missing elements."(PMM 407). “In a very short time, Moseley produced the first of his two famous papers in which he showed the spectra of K radiation of ten different substances … Moseley arranged the spectra, one below the other in a step-like fashion, in such a way that a given wavelength was in the same position for all spectra. It then became clear by simple inspection of this ‘step ladder’ that the spectrum of K radiation of each element contains two strong lines (which Moseley called Ka (for the longer wavelength) and Kß (for the shorter) and that this pair of lines moves to shorter and shorter wavelengths in a monotonic fashion if one moves step by step from calcium to zinc Moseley's work made it clear once and for all that indeed the position number in the Periodic Table is equal to the number Z of positive elementary charges in the nucleus of an atom. It also showed that Z is more important for the spectroscopic and chemical properties of an atom than the atomic mass number A. This is evident in the case of the elements cobalt (Z = 27, A = 58.9) and nickel (Z = 28, A = 58.7), where even the order in A differs from that in Z.” (Brandt, The Harvest of a Century: Discoveries in Modern Physics in 100 Episodes) PMM 407Evans 62Norman 1599

Gera-Untermhaus, (1896-1905). Folio. 12 orig. hcloth, gilt backs. Backs with light traces of use. Textillustr. and 449 plates of which 439 are fine chromolithographed plates. Volume 12 with a faint dampstain to inner corners of leaves and plates, mostly seen on the egg-plates. Bookplate of Lorenz Ferdinand. Anker no.356. The old text from the edition in 1822-60 has been preserved unaltered, corrections in footnotes. The figures for all the plates have been re-drawn and show the birds in their natural surroundings. Among the many artists are O.Kleinschmidt, J.G. Keulemans, O. van Riesenthal and others. The eggs are figured in a series of special plates, based on Eugene Rey's Collection.

Paris, Tresse & Stock, 1892. 8vo. Contemporary red half calf with lovely gilt ornamentation to spine and gilt library-lettering to bottom of spine. Spine slightly soiled. Binder's stamp to front free end-paper. Evenly browned throughout. Title-page closely shaven at outer margin, but not affecting print. XV, (1), 297, (1) pp. + (1, contents) f. The very rare first edition of Kropotkin's main work, "The Conquest of Bread", the great constructivist work of the libertarian tradition and the greatest modern work of anarchism. By 1880, Kropotkin had broken with the Bakunist idea of remuneration for labour in the post-revolutionary society. While Bakunin and the Federalist wing of the First International suggested a period of economic transition between Capitalism and Libertarian Communism, Kropotkin believed it necessary to leap from one to the other, from day one of the revolution. Any retention of the wages system in whatever form, such as labour cheques or time coupons, would only result in further exploitation and injustice. The revolution has to consist in the belief that all things are the common inheritance of humanity and should also be held in common; therefore, Kropotkin states in his magnum opus, collectivists merely tinker with the wages system in stead of destroying it, and the only way forward is to get rid of it completely. Kroptkin's groundbreaking "The Conquest of Bread" constitutes a work of anarcho-communist economics and history rather than a mere text book on revolutionary organization. "[I]n "The Conquest of Bread", [h]e doesn't seem to see anarchism as a political ideology on a par with, say Marxism, but rather he sees it as a constantly present tendency within human groups. Anarchism, then, is more of an anthropological category than a political one for Kropotkin... He highlights events from the French revolution where associations of labourers sprang up to till the soil together. He looks at aspects of Russian and Swiss peasant communal land use as well as the English lifeboat crews who voluntarily aid seamen in distress. This is where Kropotkin's real worth is - in the field of history and ethics. Of course some of his historical conclusions can be criticised: medieval cities were not as democratic and peaceful as he would have us believe. But he did illuminate an aspect of human history which had been completely neglected. Academics of the nineteenth century were heavily under the influence of neo-Darwinist ideas which sought to justify both capitalism and imperialism. Kropotkin was one of the very first to attempt to refute the 'survival of the fittest' idea. The basic point that humanity has made most progress under conditions of co-operation runs through the length and breadth of "The Conquest of Bread".The book contains much of interest for present day libertarians. Kropotkin touches on "integral education", agricultural production in cities, international trade, the decentralisation of industry and much else of importance currently. It is, to reiterate, one of the great constructivist anarchist works". (Gary Heyter, A Review of Kropotkin's "The Conquest of Bread"). Prince Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (1842 -1921) was a Russian activist, scientist, and philosopher, who advocated decentralized government and anarchism. Kropotkin was a proponent of a communist society free from central government and based on voluntary associations between workers. He wrote many books, pamphlets and articles, the most prominent being his groundbreaking "The Conquest of Bread" from 1892. He also contributed the article on anarchism to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition."The Conquest Of Bread" first appeared in Paris in 1892, after having been serialized in the anarchist journals "La Révolté" and "Le Révolte". After the appearance of the book, it became extremely influential and was serialized again, though only in part, between 1892 and 1894 in the London journal "Freedom". It quickly reached an extremely large audience and was translated an reprinted numerous times. It was translated into Norwegian already in 1898, and in Japanese in 1909."The Conquest of bread" came to play an enormous role in the modern development of anarchism and is the most significant modern work of the libertarian tradition.

Amsterdam, David Mortier, 1719-18. 4to. Contemp. full calf. Spine defective, lacking leather at upper and lower compartment and frontcover detached from spine. Front free endpaper gone. The first two title-pages printed in red/black and both with an engraved vignette with a portrait of Erasmus. (4),82;(2),94;(2),24,(12) pp. Vol I: 1 large folded engraved plate and 1 textengraving. - Vol. II: 34 textengravings (1/2-page a. full-page) + 21 engraved plates (4 large and folded). - "Les Pavillons": 90 engraved plates of flags. The first flag "Pavillon de George I" is handcoloured. (Last printed leaf numbered 101 because the 90 engraved plates is counted as pages !). Complete. Light marginal browning, a few leaves with small closed tears. A classic on shipbuilding, finely illustrated with construction drawings and nautical instruments and equipment. It is the first edition in French of Allard's "Nieuwe Hollandse Scheeps-bouw", first published in 1695. Polak notes that, though known as 'L'Allard français', it was more than a straightforward translation, being augmented with chapters by Witsen and van Eyk, and with plates representing vessels and nautical instruments as well as the flags of the maritime nations.

London, Printed by Th. Harper for Philip Nevil, 1642. Folio (295 x 200). In contemporary full calf with five raised bands. Title in contemporary hand to upper compartment. Small paper label pasted on to upper part of spine indicating the inventory number in an estate library. Light wear to extremities and first leaves with marginal miscolouring, an overall nice copy. (16), 898 pp. + erratta leaf/commentary leaf inserted between p. 12 and 13. Pages 110, 121, 262, 519, 873, 897 incorrectly numbered 111, 221, 260, 59, 874, 896, respectively. No. 76-77 omitted in the paging. Rare first edition of Roger’s exposition of the biblical story of Naaman the Syrian, which is found in the Old Testament, second part of the Book of Kings, fifth chapter. Naaman was a commander of the army of the king of Aram (Syria), and he is notable for being healed of leprosy through the prophet Elisha. According to the biblical narrative, Naaman was highly regarded by the king of Aram because of his military prowess. However, he suffered from leprosy, a serious skin disease. A young Israelite girl, who was captured and served Naaman's wife as a maid, informed them that there was a prophet in Israel who could heal Naaman. Naaman traveled to Israel with a letter from the king of Aram to the king of Israel, seeking a cure for his leprosy. The king of Israel, feeling powerless to heal Naaman, sent him to the prophet Elisha. Initially, Naaman was offended by Elisha's simple instructions to wash seven times in the Jordan River. However, at the urging of his servants, Naaman followed the instructions, and miraculously, he was cleansed of his leprosy. This story is often cited as an example of faith, humility, and the unexpected ways in which God works. Naaman's healing is attributed to his willingness to humble himself and follow the instructions given by the prophet Elisha. Daniel Roger (1573–1652) was the firstborn son of Richard Rogers from Wethersfield, Essex, born to his initial wife. Ezekiel Rogers, his younger sibling, was born in the same town. He pursued his education at Christ's College, Cambridge, under the guidance of William Perkins. Graduating in 1599, he served as a fellow from 1600 to 1608. After leaving the university, Rogers served as a minister in Haversham, Buckinghamshire. When Stephen Marshall, his father's successor in Wethersfield, relocated to Finchingfield, Rogers returned to Wethersfield as a lecturer, working alongside Daniel Weld or Weald, another Puritan. Despite personal discussions with William Laud and acknowledgment of his scholarship, he faced suspension by the archbishop in 1629 due to nonconformity. Although conforming clergy in North Essex petitioned on his behalf, he seemingly left Essex for a period. Rogers spent the latter part of his life in Wethersfield. During the fast day following Charles I's execution, he joined Giles Firmin, his neighbor and the vicar of Shalford, in mourning the king's death. In 1649, when the army's petition for tolerance, known as 'the agreement of the people,' reached Essex, Rogers, representing the Presbyterians, drafted and was the first to sign the Essex Watchmen's Watchword. This document protested against the tolerance of those who refused to sign the Solemn League and Covenant.

London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1806. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1806 - Part II. Pp. 239-268. Having also the titlepage to the volume (Part II, 1806). A faint bit of soiling to outer right margin of the first 2 leaves, otherwise clean and wide-margined. First printing of this important paper relating Flinder's observations on the ship "Investigator" when exploring the coast of Australia. IN THE PAPER THE NAME "AUSTRALIA" APPEARS PROBABLY FOR THE FIRST TIME IN A SCIENTIFIC MEMOIR (p. 247).The name Australia was popularised by Matthew Flinders, who pushed for the name to be formally adopted as early as 1804. When preparing his manuscript and charts for his 1814 A Voyage to Terra Australis, he was persuaded by his patron, Sir Joseph Banks, to use the term Terra Australis as this was the name most familiar to the public. Flinders did so, but allowed himself the footnote:"Had I permitted myself any innovation on the original term, it would have been to convert it to Australia; as being more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the earth." In the paper offered he used the name "Australia" as early as 1806."Captain Matthew Flinders RN (16 March 1774 - 19 July 1814) was one of the most successful navigators and cartographers of his age. In a career that spanned just over twenty years, he sailed with Captain William Bligh, circumnavigated Australia and encouraged the use of that name for the continent, which had previously been known as New Holland. He survived shipwreck and disaster only to be imprisoned for violating the terms of his scientific passport by changing ships and carrying prohibited papers. He identified and corrected the effect upon compass readings of iron components and equipment on board wooden ships and he wrote what may be the first work on early Australian exploration A Voyage to Terra Australis."(Wikepedia)

Uppsala, Eschillus Matthiæ, 1637. Small 4to. Cont. full vellum over wood. Spine ends worn, tears to hinges, but not broken, lower edges of boards with old repairs. Some old ink annotations on boards. Inside frontcover and on title many old owner names, small wholes cut in titel without loss of letters. First ab. 20 leaves with a faint dampstain in upper margin, inkspots on last page. Internally clean. (24),350,(2) pp., numerous geometrical diagrams in the text. Scarce first edition of the first Swedish edition of Euclid's Elements (Book I-VI) with Gestrinius' commentaries to the axioms and porpositions and with his attempt of a proof of the "Parallel-axiom" (The Fifth Postulate). In the preface he discusses the use of plane-geometry in the theories of Aristoteles, Eudoxus, Ptolemy and Kepler. - Gastrinius (1594-1648) became professor of mathematics in Uppsala in 1621 after studies in Greifswald.Collijn (1600-Talet) I:310. - Riccardi p. 436 (1637,2) - Poggendorff I:889. - Not in Max Steck.

Moscow, izdanie V. P. Plemânnikova, 1876. 8vo. 3 parts bound in 2 uniform contemporary full cloth bindings with blind stamped titles to spines. Some soiling to extremities and part of cloth around hinges worn of. Internally with occassional brownspotting. (4), 168, (2), 393, (1), VII, (2) pp. + 4 folded plates. Rare first Russian translation of Darwin’s Insectivorous Plants published only one year after the English original. Freeman F1244OCLC only locates one copy (in Poland), Huntinton in Pasadena also holds a copy.

Amsterdam, Rotterdam, E. van Harrevelt, Henry Beman, 1774. 4to. Bound in 4 cont. full mottled calf. 6 raised bands, gilt titlelabels. Backs a little rubbed, some cracking to leather along hinges, but covers not detached. Corners bumped. Ocasionally somewhat brownspotted, a few tears in plates (no loss). A few corners dampstained. With all 4 halftitles. (8),XXXII,388 - (6),536 - (6),394 - VIII,367,(3) pp. and 52 engraved plates, mostly large and folded, among these are 28 folded maps. (all). First French edition of Cooke's first travel, a title-issue identical with the Paris-edition from the same year, only with a different title-page and a printed Privilege in Dutch for the Dutch publisher. It is the 4to-edition, not one of the 8vo -editions published the same year. - Sabin 30941.

London, Harrison and Sons, 1888. 8vo. In later full blue cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London", vol. XLIV. Entire volume offered. Soiling to extremities, endges of front board torn and upper front hindge with small tear. Library label pasted on to front free end-paper. Vague blindstamp to title-page of volume. Internally fine and clean. [Darwin's orbituary;] I-XXV pp. [Entire volume: viii, 464, XXXV, (1) pp.]. First appearance of Huxley's famous obituary of Darwin. "While Huxley was composing this and other expositions of technical education in the late 1880s, he was also writing an obituary notice on Darwin for the Proceedings of the Royal Society. Though he undertook this piece in 1883, he did not complete it until five years later. In letters to Foster and Hooker in early 1888, Huxley remarked that he was still rereading Origin of Species, trying to separate the "substance" of the theory from its "accidents," with the aim of warding off a generation of "hostile comments and would-be improvements.". Even though he had written at least a half-dozen abstracts of the work and was reading it, he said, "for the nth time," he was "getting along slowly" and finding it "one of the most difficult books to exhaust that ever was written." At this juncture in his life, it seemed that Huxley had difficulty concluding what he had always concluded previously about Darwin's theory: that its points of central importance were the facts of variation, the Malthusian principle of overpopulation, and its consequence, universal struggle. As Huxley finally came around to saying once again the obituary article , it was immaterial how organisms differed from each other or why." (White, Thomas Huxley: Making the 'Man of Science, P. 152)Darwin-Online A344.

Paris, Jean Jombert, 1694. 8vo. 2 contemp. full calf. Raised bands. Richly gilt spines with gilt lettering. Light wear to spine top of spines. 2 very small nicks to lower compartment of volume 2. Small crack to one hinge on volume 2, but in no way loosening. (32),400;(16),303,(1) pp. + "Horloges" separately paginated (8),163,(5) pp. With in all 84 engraved plates, some with many figs. Internally clean and fine. Scarce first edition and the first work of its kind, "Recreational Mathematics".Qzanam's "contributions consisted of popular treatises and reference works on "useful and practical mathematics," and an extremely popular work on mathematical recreations; the latter had by far the more lasting impact. Ozanam’s Récréations may be regarded as the forerunner of modern books on mathematical recreations. He drew heavily on the works of Bachet de Méziriac, Mydorge, Leurechon, and Daniel Schwenter; his own contributions were somewhat less significant, for he was not a particularly creative mathematician. The work was later augmented and revised by Montucla and, still later, was translated into English by Hutton (1803)."(DSB).

London, Harrison and Sons, 1928. Royal8vo. In the original printed wrappers. In "Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol. 117, No. 778". Black cloth backstrip pasted on to spine, otherwise a fine copy (without institutional stamps). [Dirac's paper:]Pp 610-624. [Entire issue:] Pp. 541-730, (2), XXXVI, X + 6 plates. First printing of Dirac's landmark paper in which he unified quantum mechanics and relativity and implied the existence of antimatter now known as the Dirac Equation; one of the great triumphs of theoretical physics which brought him on a par with the works of Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein before him. In 1933 he was awarded the Nobel Price in Physics "for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory", a direct consequence of the present paper. "[The Dirac Equations] ranks among the highest achievements of twentieth-century science" (Pais, Inward Bound, p. 290)."In the Dirac equation not only quantum mechanics and the special theory of relativity were married, but also the spin of the electron is contained in it without any ad hoc assumption. But the equation not just beautifully described known phenomena, it did more. It predicted the existence of electrons with negative energy. This was at first held to be a severe problem of the theory but was finally understood as great progress, because negative-energy electrons could be interpreted as hitherto unknown particles. Thus, the existence of new particles was predicted which had all properties of the electron except for the electric charge. These particles were indeed found four years after the equation. Dirac is often quoted to have said that his equation 'contains most of physics and all of chemistry'." (Brandt, The Harvest of a Century)."Even with the many successful applications of quantum mechanics to spectroscopy and other areas of physics, the theory was not without problems. There was, for example, the question of the relationship between relativity and quantum mechanics. If quantum mechanics was really a fundamental theory of the microcosmos, it ought to be consistent with the fundamental theory of macroscopic bodies, the (special) theory of relativity. Yet it was obvious from the very beginning that this was not the case. It was not too difficult to construct a relativistic quantum wave equation, such as Schrödinger had already done privately and as Oskar Klein, Walter Gordon, and several other physicists did in 1926-27. Unfortunately, this equation, known as the Klein-Gordon equation, did not result in the correct fine structure of hydrogen and it proved impossible to combine it with the spin theory that Pauli had proposed in 1927. The solution appeared in January 1928, when Dirac published his classical paper on 'The Quantum Theory of the Electron', which included a relativistic wave equation that automatically incorporated the correct spin. Dirac's equation was of the same general form as Schrödinger's equation [...] and included matrices with four rows and four columns; correspondingly the Dirac wave function had four components. Most remarkably, without introducing the spinning electron in advance, the equation contained the correct spin. In a certain, unhistorical sense, had spin not been discovered empirically, it would have turned up deductively from Dirac's theory. The new theory was quickly accepted when it turned out that the Dirac eigenvalue equation for a hydrogen atom resulted in exactly the same energy equation that Sommerfeld had derived in 1916. Dirac's relativistic wave equation marked the end of the pioneering and heroic phase of quantum mechanics, and also marked the beginning of a new phase" (Kragh, Quantum Generations, p. 167)

London, Archibald Constable and Co, 1818. 8vo. Bound uncut in a nice recent half calf binding with five raised bands with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. A very nice and clean copy. (6), (I)-LXXIV, (2), 439, (1) pp. First appearance of Well's important work, which constitutes the first clear pioneering statement about natural selection. He applied the idea to the origin of different skin colours in human races, but from the context it seems he thought it might be applied more widely. Charles Darwin said: "[Wells] distinctly recognises the principle of natural selection, and this is the first recognition which has been indicated". (Darwin, Charles 1866. The origin of species by means of natural selection. 4th and subsequent editions, in the preliminary 'Historical sketch')In 1813, Wells read a paper to the Royal Society of London, occasioned by a white female patient with splotches of dark skin. In his paper, Wells speculated about the origin of skin color variations in humans. He suggested that long ago, there might have arisen in equatorial regions a variety of humans that were better able to resist diseases such as malaria, perhaps aided by darker skin, and they survived where other variations perished. Similarly, lighter-skinned humans might have been variations that were better able to survive in temperate and arctic regions."Wells' paper was not printed in the Philosophical Transactions, but after he died in 1817, two of his treatises, "On Single vision with Two Eyes," and "On Dew", were published posthumously, and Wells' brief "Account of a white female, part of whose skin resembles that of a negro" was added on at the very end. No one noticed, certainly not Charles Darwin, who was 9 years old at the time.Time went by, Darwin discovered natural selection on his own in the late 1830s, and he sprang it on the world in On the Origin of Species in 1859. During the year after publication, various readers noticed that certain aspects of Darwinian evolution had been anticipated by such naturalists as Étienne Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Patrick Matthew, and the anonymous author of the Vestiges. So in 1861, for the third edition of the Origin, Darwin added an "Historical Sketch" in which he discussed his precursors and to what extent they anticipated his own work (third image). Geoffroy St. Hilaire, Matthew, and the Vestiges all merited a paragraph in the "Historical Sketch." But there was still no mention of William Wells.Then, sometime before 1866, an American, Robert Rowley, drew the attention of an Englishman, Charles Loring Brace, to Wells' paper, and Rowley conveyed the information to Darwin. Darwin was apparently impressed. For the fifth edition of the Origin, he revised the "Historical Sketch", and he added a paragraph about Wells, in which he commented: "In this paper he [Wells] distinctly recognises the principle of natural selection, and this is the first recognition which has been indicated." Darwin also pointed out, quite correctly, that Wells used natural selection only to account for human races, not to explain the origin of species. But still, Wells was the only precursor of natural selection that Darwin took seriously."( William B. Ashworth, Linda Hall Library)

(London, Taylor and Francis, 1911). 8vo . In recent half cloth with cloth title-label with gilt lettering to front board. Extracted from "The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science" Sixth Series, Vol. XXI. A fine and clean copy. [Rutherford's paper:] pp. 669-688. [Withbound:] Pp. 585-696. First appearance of one of the most influential papers in physics in the 20th Century, describing the discovery of the ATOMIC NUCLEUS, and suggesting that the atom consists of a small central nucleus surrounded by electrons. This view of the atom is the one accepted today, and it replaced the concept of the featureless, indivisible spheres of Democritus, which dominated atomistic thinking for twenty-three centuries. Rutherford's 'nuclear atom' was a few years later by Niels Bohr, combined with the quantum theory of light to form the basis of his famous theory of the hydrogen atom.Hans Geiger (Rutherford's assistant in his work on alpha particles) tells "One day (Rutherford) came into my room, obviously in the best of moods, and told me that now he knew what the atom looked like and what the strong scatterings signified." - On 7 March 1911, Rutherford presented his principal results to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. The definitive paper came out in the May issue of "Philosophical Magazine" (the paper offered here)."After the first five or sic years of intense activity following the discovery of radioactivity, there was a brief lull untill 1911, when a new series of fundamental discoveries was made. These began with the discoveries of the nucleus and of artificial atomic transmutations by Rutherford. By 1811 it was known that electrons entered into the constitution of atoms, and Barkla had shown that each atom has approximately A/2 electrons (where A is the atomis weight). J.J.Thomson had conceived of a model of an atom according to which the electrons were distributed inside a positively charged sphere. To verify this hypothesis, Rutherford had the idea of bombarding matter using alpha-radiation of radioactive bodies and measuring the angles through which the rays were deflected as they passsed through matter. For the Thomson model of the atom the deflections should rarely be more than 1 or 2 degrees.However, Rutherford's experiments showed that deflections of more than 90 degrees could occur, particularly with heavy nuclei."(Taton (Edt.) Science in the Twentieth Century, p. 210).

(Amsterdam, 1584-1605). 35x52 cm. Kobberstukket søkort med de danske landsdele som omgiver Storebælt og Lillebælt. Bælterne er omkranset af den østlige del af Jylland (fra Djursland til Holsteen), Fyn (som er gengivet meget fortegnet), Nordlangeland, nordlige del af Lolland og Sjælland. Stor kompasrose, skibe i søen. Kortet "ligger ned" med nord til højre. Brede marginer, fin stand. Yderst sjældent søkort over danske farvande af "den første store søkorttegner af internationalt format" Det pragtfulde kort her er fra en fransk udgave (fransk tekst på bagsiden) af Waghenaer's berømte søkortatlas i lille folio "Spieghel der Zeewart" som udkom 1583-85.Bramsen p. 63.

Paris, Crochard, 1820. Recent hcloth. Some repairs to inner margin of titlepage to "Annales". In "Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago" Tome XIV pp. 417-25. The whole volume present: 448 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates. First French translation and the first translation of Oersted's epoch-making announcement in his Latin pamphlet "Extperimenta circa effectum conflictus electrici in acun magneticam. Hafniæ, 1820" (privately printed in a very small number, and only distributed to colleques in Europe). This discovery and confirmation of the connection between 2 forces, electricity and magnetism, must be considered one of the happiest events in the history of science, both with regard to scientific and practical results. - "From the moment that Ørsted's discovery became known it created an enormous sensation. The results communicated were so astounding that they were received with a certain distrust, but they were stated with such accuracy that it could hardly be permitted to entertain any doubts. In the course of a short time the treatise was translated into all the chief languages." (Kirstine Meyer). - Dibner:61 - PMM: 282 - Horblitt: 3 b. - Sparrow: 152.

Christiania, Lehmann & Grøndahl, 1814. 8vo. Six parts uniformly bound in two contemporary half calf bindings with red leather title-label and gilt lettering to spines. Previous owner's names to front free end-papers and title-pages. Previous owner's stamp (N. M. Bugge) to title-pages. Wear to extremities, boards with scratches. Leaf A1 in the fifth part with reapir in inner margin, slightly touching text, otherwise internally very nice and clean. Part 1-2: (2), 67, (2), 104, 104 pp. Part 3-6: (2),108, (2), 107, (2), 128 pp. Scarce first edition of all the minutes from Norway's Constitutional Assembly, immediately leading to the first Norwegian Constitution of May 17, 1814. It was adopted on 16 May and signed on 17 May 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll. The latter date is the National Day of Norway. It is the fourth oldest written single-document national constitution in Europe after the Constitution of Poland, the French constitution of 1791, and the Spanish Constitution of 1812. The document is also the second oldest working national constitution in the world, after the Constitution of the United States. “On 10 April 1814 a national assembly consisting of 112 elected representatives met together at Eidsvoll, convened by the Regent of Norway, Christian Frederik. Their task was to draw up a new constitution, since Norway had become an independent kingdom and no longer part of Denmark.It soon became obvious that the assembly was divided: one party favoured union with Sweden and the other favoured independence. The advocates of union, led by Count Wedel Jarlsberg, felt that it would not be possible for Norway to retain its independence without the support of the major European powers. They argued that it would be better to negotiate with Sweden on the best possible conditions for union.The independence party supported Christian Frederik, who maintained that Norway should be an independent nation. It was this party, led by Christian Falsen and Professor Georg Sverderup, that held the majority in the assembly.” (The Royal House of Norway) On April 12, a special committee led by Christian Falsen was established to draft the new constitution. The committee presented its proposal outlining the core principles to the assembly just four days later, where the majority of provisions were widely accepted.The constitution defined Norway as a free and independent. It assigned executive power to the King, legislative authority to a popularly elected national assembly and judicial power to independent courts. Freedom of religion and freedom of the press were also included.On May 17, 1814, the Constitution was formally adopted, and the assembly unanimously elected Christian Frederik as Norway’s first king in nearly 500 years. “However, the Swedish Crown Prince, Carl Johan, refused to accept Norway’s independence since under the Treaty of Kiel Denmark had ceded Norway to Sweden. On 29 July Swedish troops marched into Norway and rapidly put down the Norwegian resistance. On 14 August both parties signed the Convention of Moss, under the terms of which Christian Frederik had to surrender the Norwegian throne. The King of Sweden agreed to accept the Eidsvoll constitution, amended only to take account of the union with Sweden. On 4 November, after the Norwegian national assembly had adopted the amended Constitution, Carl XIII of Sweden became Carl II of Norway.” (Ibid.). The constitution was a very radical one for its time. Instead of being concentrated in the person of an autocratic king, power was divided between the king, the courts and a popularly elected national assembly. The king had the executive power and the national assembly the legislative power. Almost half the male population had the right to vote.

Paris, Briasson, 1727 - 1740. 8vo. Uniformly bound in 41 nice contemporary Cambridge-style mirror bindings with five raised bands and richly gilt spines. Boards with scratches, occassionally with loss of leather. Internally nice and clean. Vols. 1-37 (vol. 10 in two bindings), 39-41. First edition of this large and extensive bio-bibliography of European authors from the Renaissance to the 18th century. The earliest author is John Dee (d. 1607) and the latest being Guillaume Delisle (d. 1720). Jean-Pierre Nicéron was “A French lexicographer, born in Paris, 11 March, 1685, died there, 8 July, 1738. After his studies at the Collège Mazarin, he joined the Barnabites (August, 1702). He taught rhetoric in the college of Loches, and soon after at Montargis, where he remained ten years. While engaged in teaching, he made a thorough study of modern languages. In 1716 he went to Paris and devoted his time to literary work. His aim was to put together, in a logically arranged compendium, a series of biographical and bibliographical articles on the men who had distinguished themselves in literature and sciences since the time of the Renaissance. It required long research as well as great industry. After eleven years he published the first volume of his monumental work under the title of "Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des hommes illustres de la république des lettres avec le catalogue raisonné de leurs ouvrages" (Paris, 1727). Thirty-eight volumes followed from 1728 to 1738. The last volume from his pen was published two years after the author's death (Paris, 1740).”(Catholic Encyclopedi) “It has been often repeated that this work lacks method, ana that the length of many articles is out of proportion to the value of the men to whom they are devoted. This criticism, however true it may be, does not impair the genuine qualities and importance of the whole work. Even now, these "Mémoires" contain a great amount of information that could hardly be obtained elsewhere. Moreover, they refer to sources which, but for our author, would be easily overlooked or ignored.” (Ibid) A German translation was published in 1747-1777 Brunet IV, 55.

Guelppherb (Wolfenbüttel), Gottlieb Henrich Grenzius, 1689. 4to. In contemporary vellum with title in contemporary hand to spine. Small paper-label to upper part on spine indicating the inventory number in an estate library. Extremities with some marks and light miscolouring. Title-page with stain to upper outer corner, otherwise a very nice copy. (14), 232, (14), 48 pp. + frontispiece and 5 folded maps. Fourth edtion of Heidmann’s early work on Palestine’s history and topography. His work on the Holy Land, which he had never visited, was published during the 17th century in a large number of editions, the first being published in 1655. Heidmann never visited Palestine and his description is to a large extent based on ancient authors such as Flavius Joseph.

Kjøbenhavn, P. G. Philipsens Forlag, (1862). 8vo. Bound in the original cardboard binding. With minor wear to capitals, otherwise almost completely fresh. Neatly restored tear to title page. Small ink stain to outer right margin of the last leaves. With a long gift inscription by H. C. Andersen to front free endpaper. Internally clean. A beautiful copy of Julius Exner's and Christian Winther's "Billeder og Vers" with a charming dated gift inscription from H. C. Andersen to a young boy, Jørgen: "Til Tak for hvert Smiil jeg fik i det / gamle Aar af min lille Ven Jørgen, / bringer jeg ham her en Billedbog og den / vil han engang læse i og tænke paa / sin gamle Ven / H. C. Andersen / Kjøbenhavn Nytaars Ugen 1862." (Translation: As thank for every smile I recieved in the old year from my small friend Jørgen, I bring him here a picture-book and in this he will in due time read and think of his old friend H. C. Andersen. Copenhagen new-year week 1862). Julius Exner (1825-1910) was a Danish painter known for his romantic paintings of the life of the peasants. Christian Winther (1796-1876) was one of the greatest Danish poets of the 19th century. Winther is best known for his poem "Hjortens Flugt" which is considered to be one of the classics of Danish literature. The inscription is written to Jørgen Hansen Koch (1861-1935). Jørgen, who was only 1 year old at the time the inscription was written, later became president of the Maritime and Commercial Court and Det Classenske Fideicommis. Jørgen and his family had a close relationship with H. C. Andersen and they are mentioned frequently in his diaries. H. C. Andersen wrote in his diary that he visited the Koch family January 2 1862. It was presumably during that visit that he gave Jørgen this copy. Works of other authors inscribed by H. C. Andersen are very rare.

Istanbul, Devlet Matbaasi, 1927 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Spine with repair and a few nicks to wrapper with minor loss to lower part of both front and back wrapper. Discolouring to inner upper part of back wrapper. Very light brownspotting throughout. An overall fine copy. 71 pp. The exceedingly rare first Turkish translation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet published in the recently founded Turkish Republic. Published by the Ministry of Education as part of “Examples from World Literature” series for schools, this translation is not only abridged but also employs a thoroughly simple language in line with the plain language movement that was initiated in the late 19th century. Written Ottoman Turkish had developed into a convoluted and tortuous language only a minor educated elite mastered and the present publication is one of the earliest and finest examples of this bourgeoning movement. This movement “is a reflection of the attempt to educate masses and common people during the birth of a new nation after the War of Independence. However, only a year after the publication of Serif’s Hamlet translation, a grand change effects literature as well as communication and daily life in Turkey. Following the official proclamation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, as the successor of the Ottoman Empire, the Parliament took new measures to westernise the newly established republic. One of the most visible distinctions between the western culture and that of the Ottoman Empire was the Ottoman language, which was written in the Arabic script. Although the first two attempts to replace the Arabic script with the Latin alphabet were rejected in 1923 and 1924, the law establishing the new Turkish script – employing the Latin alphabet – passed in November 1928.” (Bilge, History of Hamlet Translations in Turkey).