Søgningsresultat

Paris, Saillant & Nyon, 1771. 4to. Near contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine with gilt lettering. Very light wear along edges. Stamps on title-page. (8, incl. htitle),417,(1) pp., 20 engraved maps and charts (numb. 1-19 + 16 bis) of which 18 are folded, including the large world map. 2 engraved plates (numb. 1-2). Internally clean and fine, a few leaves with marginal brownspots. First edition of this famous circumnavigation, being the first voyage around the world with professional naturalists and geographers onboard. Bougainville was the first Frenchman to sail around the world. In 1771, Bougainville published his travel log from the expedition under the title "Le voyage autour du monde, par la frégate La Boudeuse, et la flûte L'Étoile". The book describes the geography, biology and anthropology of Argentina (then a Spanish colony), Patagonia, Tahiti and Indonesia (then a Dutch colony). The book was a sensation, especially the description of Tahitian society. Bougainville described it as an earthly paradise where men and women lived in blissful innocence, far from the corruption of civilisation.Bougainville's descriptions powerfully expressed the concept of the noble savage, influencing the utopian thoughts of philosophers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau before the advent of the French Revolution. Denis Diderot's book Supplément au voyage de Bougainville retells the story of Bougainville's landing on Tahiti, narrated by an anonymous reader to one of his friends. Diderot used his fictional approach, including a description of the Tahitians as noble savages, to criticise Western ways of living and thinking.Sabin, 6864.

Stockholm, Tryckt Hos Carl Deleen, 1819. Clean and well-preserved copy bound in contemporary half calf with gilt and blind tooled decorations on spine. Old name on title-page. An exceptionally fine copy. (4), 84 pp. + 38 handcoloured plates. A wonderful copy of the second illustrated (fourth overall) edition of what is considered the most beautiful Swedish book of the 18th century, which is exceedingly difficult to find in as excellent state as here, the first and second editions being equally fine. "The book consists of notes by Admiral Count Ehrensvärd, critic and antiquarian, on his visit to Italy, with plates engraved after his own drawings. Ehrensvärd's route ran from Stralsund via Paris, Milan, Terracina and Rome to Sicily, and from Sicily via Montecassino, Bologna, Milan, Venice and Vienna to Stralsund. Ehrensvärd declares at the outset that his descriptions would be too short - had not others' been too long. But, though he pointedly avoids eulogizing famous sites, he takes a less unconventional stance in continually idealising southern over northern peoples, on the grounds of their resemblance to the supposed physical and cultural character of the ancients. He concludes with an account of some monuments at Rome and Naples - approving the ancient Romans for their good taste.Most plates show landscapes or local people, and are related to passages in the text where the author declares their dress, hairstyles and general bearing to recall those of the ancient world. They are simple outline etchings, possibly intended to be coloured subsequently (all have been coloured by hand in the Royal Academy's copy).The engraver, Elias Martin, had been drawing-master to Count Ehrensvärd. Between 1768 and 1780 and again between 1788 and 1791 he lived in Britain, a friend of William Chambers, who had been born in Sweden, was a Swedish speaker and throughout his life maintained links with Swedish artists and patrons. Martin became a student at the Royal Academy in 1769, and an Associate in 1771. Influenced by Richard Wilson and Paul Sandby, he became a well-known landscape-painter both in Britain and in Sweden." (RA) The plates carry no engraved signatures. But in the Royal Academy's copy the first plate (facing p.3) has been inscribed in ink, 'Count Ehrenswärd invt.' bottom left and 'E. Martin. the Associate, sculpt.' bottom right; and the remainder, 'A.E.' bottom left and 'E.M.' bottom right (with page and line references to the text). "The question of who made the etchings is open to different opinions. The brothers Elias and Johan Fredrik Martin, both important artists, have been mentioned as Mårten Rudolf Heland." (Lindberg). Most of the original drawings are preserved in the Royal Academy of Arts, Stockholm, and in the Swedish National Museum. Lindberg, Swedish Books, 52 (first edition, 1786). Kleberg, Italien i svensk litteratur 2226. Hofberg, Sv. biogr. handlex. I, 279. NBG XV, 750.

Kjøbenhavn, C. A. Reitzel, 1866. 8vo. Bound with the original front wrapper in a recent burgundy full cloth binding. Gilt spine and gilt title to front board. With a handwritten inscription from Andersen to front wrapper: "Ildfluens Forfatterinde / en hjertelig Hilsen fra / Forfatteren." A few scattered brownspots, otherwise internally clean. (4),144;(4),191,(1) pp. A lovely presentation-copy of the third printing of Andersen's famous novel. The copy is inscribed by Andersen to the Danish author and feminist Axelline Lund (1836-1918). Lund was a close friend of Andersen and is frequently mentioned in his diaries. From 1898 through 1904, Lund taught Italian at the Royal Academy of Arts in Copenhagen. According to Andersen's diary (24 August 1874), Lund was supposed to translate the work into Italian, and the present copy was sent to her for this purpose: "Da jeg ikke fandt 'Improvisatoren' bestemt for Fru Lund, som vil oversætte den naar hun kommer til Italian, skrev jeg til Reitzel om et Exemplar." ('Since I couldn't find a copy of 'Improvisatoren' for Mrs Lund, who wishes to translate it when she goes to Italy, I asked Reitzel [the editor] for a copy.')

Frankfurt & Leipzig, Christoff Riegels, 1688. 12mo. In contemporary full vellum with yapp edges. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Light soiling to extremities. A few annotations and previous owner's name (Peter Otto Rosenørn - owner of Hersomgård) in contemporary hand to front free end-paper, a few plates with tears, otherwise internally nice and clean. (4), 1038, (6); 120, (2) pp. + 72 plates. Exceedingly rare first (and only?) edition of this extensive and richly illustrated travel-guide to Hungary and the Danube. Riegel had published a similar work two years earlier (1686) on the German speaking areas in Europe and the Rhine, the present work by far being the rarest. We have only been able to trace one copy at auction (incomplete).OCLC list two copies, both in The British Library.

Milano, Treves, 1932. 4to. Original printed wrappers. Uncut and unopened. With a brindstamped publisher's mark to title-page. A very nice copy, with slight marginal wear. (8), 133, (3) pp. The scarce first edition in book form, fourth thousand (i.e. with mention of "quinto migliaio" on title-page), of the key political document of fascist philosophical thought - the publication in which the ideological cornerstones of The National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF) are officially established. "The Doctrine of Fascism", the first part of which was actually written by Giovanni Gentile, who is not mentioned as the author, was originally published in the Italian Encyclopedia Vol. 14, 1932, as the first section of a lengthy entry on "Fascismo" (Fascism). Gioacchino Volpe's "History on the Fascist Movement" was also published in that volume, as an appendix to Mussolini's entry, and immediately after the Encyclopaedia-publication, the two pieces were published together, in the first book form of the work, under the title "La Dottrina del Fascismo. Con una Storia del Movimento Fascista di Giocchino Volpe", by the "Biblioteca della Enciclopedia Italiana", which undertook the separate publishing of the most important entries of the Encyclopaedia. Mussolini added a series of notes that appered for the first time in the first publication in book-form. The present copy bears the imprint "Quinto migliaio" at the foot of the title-page. We have been unable to determine whether this actually means that the issues of the first edition were in fact divided into thousands and this thus the fourth thousand, or whether, as would have been common practice with eg. propagandist literature, the "fourth thousand" was a way to boost the public perception of the immediate reception of the work. No matter whther the "Quinto migliaio" was a boosting gimmick or not, the work ended up being published in enormous numbers after its initial publication in 1932. Not only did it appear in several newspapers already in 1932, it was also published again in book form already in 1933 and kept appearing in different versions, with other additions on the subject, throughout the following decades. It was also translated into numerous other languages and came to have a tremendous impact on the spreading of fascist thought. This magnum opus of Italian fascism came to have the greatest impact upon Italian politics and the entire political climate of Europe. A key concept of the work is summed up in Mussolini's own words: "Granted that the 19th century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the 20th century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right', a Fascist century. If the 19th century was the century of the individual (liberalism implies individualism) we are free to believe that this is the 'collective' century, and therefore the century of the State."

Bath, R. Cruttwell, 1795. Large8vo. Bound in later half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Presentation inscription from the auhtor to top of title page: "From the Author". Title page and first few leafes with brownspotting, otherwise a fine copy. Lacking the half title. Pp. 3-8, 200 + the errata slip inserted after the title page. First edition of this landmark work in scientific social inquiry; constituting one of the earliest microeconomic- and consumer behavior analyses. Davies profoundly influenced social history and initiated the entire field of consumer behavior analysis, two areas of study which were to dominate 19th century economics, relevant not only to economic and social history, but also to present day economic analysis. Davies's work anticipates Eden's "The State of The Poor" (PMM 249) by two years. In the present work, Davies discusses in detail the causes of the poverty of agricultural labourers in England, linking the high prices of goods with poverty, and proposes measures to relieve the labourers, including linking their daily wage to the price of bread. Davies's observations demonstrated the failings of the contemporary Poor Laws and was by many seen as a direct criticism of the central policy making (or lack thereof). "The differences in consumption of poor and rich families excited attention and often compassion, but apparently never quantitative analysis, for many centuries. Finally in England in the 1790's two very different investigators made extensive compilations of workingmen's budgets. [Davies in 1795, Eden in 1797]. Both were stimulated to this task by the distress of the working classes at this time." (Stigler, The Early History of Empirical Studies of Consumer Behavior). "Was bread Giffen? The demand for food in England circa 1790" (in Review of Economics and Statistics, 1977, Vol. 59, issue 2, pp. 225-29). Koenker developed a problem in statistical demand analysis using samples from the budgets recorded in these works. "Two seminal budget studies by .. .Davies ... and ... Eden are employed ... to investigate the place of bread in the diets of English rural laborers at the end of the eighteenth century. Because of the considerable geographical and temporal dispersion in prices of foodstuffs found in these budgets, they afford a unique opportunity to study the influences of both prices and income on individual household consumption decisions. In particular a test is made of the famous hypothesis, attributed by Marshall to Robert Giffen, that a rise in the price of bread, ceteris paribus, increases its consumption among the lower classes." The budget studies to which Koenker refers comprise the 70-page appendix. Davies began collecting statistical data on the poor in 1787 while a rector in the parish of Barkham, Berkshire. "He collected six detailed budgets of 'typical' agricultural laborers living in Barkham and circulated these budgets widely to friends throughout the kingdom. Some of these correspondents were persuaded to produce similar budgets for their own localities. In 1795 Davies edited 127 of these budgets, wrote a dispassionate plea for a minimum wage law tied to the price of wheat, and published both as The Case of Labourers in husbandry." (Koenker). In making the case for government intervention Davies attacks rampant ignorance and prejudice toward the poor, in particular the notion that the poor are profligate creatures of habit. "It is wonderful how readily even men of sense give in to this censure." (p. 31).Davies's studies "were the first examples of studies in that long and semi-honorable liberal tradition of econometrically snooping into the private lives of the poor. By the mid 19th century such studies were being conducted all over Europe by such notables as Ernst Engel, Frederick Engels, Frederick LePlay and others." (Koenker, Applied Econometrics)David Davies (1742-1819), English clergyman and social commentator, was ordained in 1782 and became the rector of Barkham parish, where he remained incumbent until his death. Kress B2916Goldsmith 16422. Not in Einaudi.

Leipzig, C.G. Naumann, 1889. 8vo. Bound in a contemporary red half cloth binding with red marbled paper over boards and single gilt lines. Gilt lettering and a single gilt ornamentation to spine. Lovely patterned irdiscent end-papers in blue with white flowers. Boards slightly faded at top. Front hinge a bit soiled. Spine a bit discoloured and a bit worn at capitals. A few leaves with light, scattered brownspotting, but overall very clean and fresh. A few minor pencil marks on several pages and some faint brown spots on the final page. (8), 144 pp. First edition, published in 1889 from Nietzsche's private press, of the epitome of Nietzsche's final project -a re-valuation of all values ("Eine Umwerthung aller Werthe"), -his hugely interesting "declaration of war" (preface p. (4): "Diese Schrift ist eine grosse Kriegserklärung"), which was written during his last productive year, just before his big breakdown in Turin. "Götzen-Dämmerung" ("The Twilight of the Idols") arguably constitutes the culmination of the production of this giant of philosophy, who turned mad after having finished it.Early in 1889, Nietzsche began to exhibit signs of serious mental illness; in Turin, he finally broke down and was brought back to Basel by his friends. "The Twilight of the Idols" was released merely a few weeks after this collapse, and Nietzsche never wrote again.Nietzsche had 1.000 copies of the work privately printed. The work is considered one of his most popular, and it is here that we find some of the most frequently quoted passages from the works of Nietzsche, e.g. "What does not kill me, only makes me stronger" (p.2.: "Was mich nicht umbringt, macht mich stärker").The Twilight was meant as an introduction to, or summary of, Nietzshe's philosophy, and as such it is one of his most interesting works. It is written almost as in a rage of fever - it took him no more than a week to write it -, and he regarded it a world-changing magnum opus. As he states at the end of the preface: "Turin, am 30. September 1888, am Tage, da das erste Buch der Umwerthung aller Werthe zu ende kam." (i.e. "Turin, on September 30. 1888, on the day that the first book on the re-valuation of all value came to an end."). This highly polemical work makes clear reference to Wagner's opera "Götterdämmerung", and it presents us with a sharp critique of the most influential philosophers in history, e.g. Kant and Plato, and of Christianity in general, but also the likes of Rousseau, Hugo, Renan, Mill, Darwin, Dante etc. are attacked as the causes of cultural decadence in Europe. Giants like Caesar, Napoleon, Dostojevski, Goethe, and Thukydides are considered representatives of the opposite.The mental collapse of the author may not come as a surprise to anyone reading the work.Of the 1.000 copies, 659 still remained unsold by October 1893.Twilight of the Idols: Schaberg: 56a

Praze [Prague], Nákladem Autorovým, 1914. 8vo. In the original red binding with black lettering to spine and front board. Light wear to extremities, inner fronthinge pleit, Internally nice and clean. 389, (1) pp. + 1 folded plate. The rare first Czech translation of Darwin's landmark "Origin of Species" which predates the Latvian, Armenian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Romanian and Slovenian translations by several years. Freeman 641

Paris, Guillaumin, 1839. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. With author's presentation inscription to half title: "de la part d. l'auteur / á son ami M. Philip Taylor / H. S." (i.e. English: "From the author to his friend Mr. Philip Taylor, H. S. (i.e. Horace Say)). A few scratches to spine and internally with light occassional brownspotting, but overall a nice and clean copy. 333, (3) + 5 plates of which 2 are folded. Uncommon first edition – with author’s presentation inscription to English industrialist Philip Taylor - of Say’s seminal work in which he analyzes Brazil not just descriptively but analytically, treating it as a case study for how free trade, open markets and liberal institutions can foster economic development and growt. This embodies the classical liberal belief in progress through commerce - linking Enlightenment ideals to the economic realities of the 19th century. In the present work Say reflects and extends the liberal economic philosophy of his father famous Jean-Baptiste Say, celebrated for "Say’s Law" and his advocacy of free markets. While Jean-Baptiste laid the theoretical foundation for classical economics in France, his son Horace applied these ideas to real-world contexts - analyzing Brazil as a proving ground for liberal trade principles. The work bridges theory and practice showing how the younger Say carried forward and globalized his father’s economic legacy. Say identifies Brazil as a model for future French colonial economics - not in terms of conquest but through integration into global trade networks. This early liberal vision contrasts sharply with later exploitative imperial models and shows how economists like Say envisioned colonialism as an economic partnership shaped by industrial and technological exchange. He anticipates the country's economic take-off and presents it as a promising model for France’s emerging colonial ambitions, especially in the tropics. The book is deeply informed by the liberal economic thought of the time and offers a fine insight into the global economic thinking of 19th-century France. The present copy was given by Say to Philip Taylor (1786–1870), an English industrialist and engineer. He was a pivotal figure in Franco-British industrial exchange during the 19th century. A Protestant like Say, Taylor settled in Marseille, where he played a crucial role in advancing industrial technologies, especially in the sugar refining sector. His connection with the Say family was not only personal but also professional - he collaborated closely with Horace Say’s uncle, founder of the Say sugar refinery (later Béghin-Say), to introduce British-designed machinery into French industry. The friendship between Say and Taylor reflects a broader internatioanl network of liberal thinkers, industrialists and reformers who were shaping the global economy during the first half of the 19th century. This dedication documents a personal and ideological alliance at the heart of early industrial globalization linking two pivotal figures at the intersection of theory and industry. Kress III, C.4986 Not in Einaudi or Mattioli.

Jena, A.Schmidt, 1838-40. 4to. Bound in 2 later hcalf. 10, 128, 158 pp. and 277 very nice handcoloured engr.plates (of 285,8 plts.lacking in vol.II). Textpages with some brownspottings, esp.in vol.II. Plates fine. Nissen 487. Not in BMC.

Torino, Unione Tipografico-Editrice, 1886. Royal8vo. Bound in a contemporary half vellum binding with red and green title label to spine with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine, forming six compartments. In "Biblioteca dell'Economista", Third Series, volume 9. wear to extremities and light brownspotting throughout, especially to first and least leaves. e copy. Il Capitale: 685 pp. [Entire volume: (4), 903, (1) pp.]. First full Italian translation of Marx' landmark work, constituting what is arguably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century. The work proved immensely influential in both communist and fascist circles. Antonio Gramsci, founding member and one-time leader of the Communist Party of Italy (PCI), based much of his theoretical and practical work on the present translation of Marx' work and Ezra Pound read this Italian translation (which is among the most heavily marked annotated volumes in his personal library) and was horrified by the accounts of the exploitation of labor given by Marx which eventually grew into his sympathy for fascism and Mussolini's socialist roots. (Rainey, Textual Studies in the Cantos).The translation was done in nine installments beginning in 1882 but was not published until 1886. The translation, however, remained relatively unknown: "It was difficult in Italy during that period [late 19th century] to obtain Marx's works. With the exception of Cafiero's hard to find summary and some other summarizing pamphlets published by another Southern scholar, Pasquale Martiguetti of Benevent, those Italians who sought to consult Marx were forced (unless they could read the original German) to have recourse to the French translation of the first volume of 'Capital', published in 1875. True, in 1886 Boccardo had published in Biblioteca dell'Economista, an Italian translation of 'Capital', but this was inaccessible to those of modest means." (Piccone, Italian Marxism).The first edition of the work originally appeared in German in 1867, and only the first part of the work appeared in Marx' lifetime.Bert Andréas 154Einaudi (not numbered, between no. 3769 and 3770)Mattioli 2287 (a reprint from 1916).

Berlin, Königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1925-1929. 1. Einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1925, pp.414-419. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 147 / Boni 155).2. Neue Möglichkeit für eine einheitliche Feldtheorie von Gravitation und Elektrizität. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1928, pp.235-245. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 162/ Boni 175).3. Zur einheitlichen Feldtheorie. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1929, pp.2-7. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 165/ Boni 183).4. Einheitliche Feldtheorie und Hamiltonsches Prinzip. Offprint: S. B. preuss. Akad. Wiss., 1929, pp.156-159. Original wrappers. Mint. (Weil 166/ Boni 184).5. Über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Feldtheorie. In: Festschrift Dr. A. Stodola, Zürich, Füssli, 1929, pp.126-132. Publishers full cloth. Spine slightly faded. Otherwise mint. (Weil 168 / Boni 178).All in all a very fine set. Offprint of all four papers and first edition of the final essay, constituting Einstein's attempt toward creating a unified field theory: "a new theory of space with a view to unification of all forms of activity that fall within the sphere of physics, giving them a common explanation" (PMM416). The task of unifying nuclear, electromagnetic, and gravitational force is nowadays by many considered the holy grail of theoretical physics.Maxwell was the first to develop such a theory when he described the forces of electricity and magnetism as the single force electromagnetism. After Einstein had completed his general theory of relativity (a field theory for gravitation), he turned his attention towards generalizing his theory even further to include Maxwell's theory. Even though Einstein never succeeded in completing this task, in the way that he finished his earlier theories, he pioneered and explored many areas of this subject. "It had been repeatedly observed that Einstein's general theory of relativity necessitated a pluralistic explanation of the universe. In 1925 he announced that he had resolved this difficulty but the announcement was premature. In 1928 he attacked the problem once more, only to find that Riemann's conception of space, on which the general theory was based, would not permit of a common explanation of electromagnetic and gravitational phenomena. In a series of papers [the present] devoted to the development of 'A Uniform Theory of Gravitation and Electricity' he outlined a new theory of space with a view to unification of all forms of activity that fall within the sphere of physics, giving them a common explanation. All that would then remain to complete a scientific unison is the correlation of the organic and inorganic".PMM 416Barchas 586

Nürnberg, Johann Andreae Endtners Seel. Söhne, 1692. Folio. (46 x 30 cm.). Contemp. full calf. Wear to top of spine. 2 compartments with old repairs. A closed tear to foot of spine. Remains of old gilting and title on spine. Spine rubbed. With 3 (of 4) clasps and catches in brass. Engraved titel and printed title in red/black. (38),(22),(66),686,950,(18) pp. A few brownspots on the first leaves. A dampstain in lower margin of the last 5 leaves. A few leaves in beginning and at end a bit frayed in right margins. A few leaves with loss of blank in margin. Internally in general clean and fine. With in all 42 engraved plates (incl. general title and portrait of Luther) and 1 engraved coat of arms (portraits, apostles, plates, parttitles, plans, map etc.). A few plates with dampstains to margins. This so-called "Weimerer-Bibel" or "Ernestinische Bibel" was first printed in 1641 and ran through 13 editions up to 1792.

Paris, Gauthier-Villars et Cie, 1923. 4to. Bound in 2 contemp. full cloth. Spines gilt and with gilt lettering. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome 177. With htitle a. titlepage. 1513 pp. (Entire volume offered). De Broglie's papers: pp. 507-510, pp. 548-551 a. pp. 630-32. Clean and fine. A stamp to verso of titlepage. First edition of these papers which ESTABLISHED A NEW ERA IN PHYSICS by introducing the epochal new principle that particle-wave duality should apply not only to radiation but also to matter and thus CREATING QUANTUM MECHANICS. These 3 papers were extended to form his doctoral thesis of 1924 "Recherches sur la Théorie des Quanta."De Broglie relates "After long reflection in solitude and meditation, I suddenly had the idea, during the year 1923, that the discovery made by Einstein in 1905 should be generalized by extending it to all material particles and notably to electrons" (Preface to his PhD thesis 1924)."He made the leap in his September 10, 1923, paper: E=hv should hold not only for photons but also for electrons, to which he assigns a 'fictitious associated wave'. In his September 24 paper, he indicated the direction in which one 'should seek experimental confirmations of our ideas': a stream of electrons traversing an aperture whose dimensions are small compared with the wavelenght of the electron waves 'should show diffraction phenomena' ."(Pais "Subtle is the Lord", pp. 425-436).In the third paper (October 8) he discusses "The interplay between the propagation of the particle and of the waves could be expressed in more formal terms as an identity between the fundamental variational principles of Pierre de Fermat (rays), and Pierre Louis Maupertuis (particles) as de Broglie discussed it further in his last communication . Therein he also considered some thermodynamic consequences of his generalized wave-particle duality. He showed in particular how one could, using Lord Rayleigh’s 1900 formula for the number of stationary modes for phase waves, obtain Planck’s division of the mechanical phase space into quantum cells.Louis de Broglie achieved a worldwide reputation for his discovery of the wave theory of matter, for which he received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1929. His work was extended into a full-fledged wave mechanics by Erwin Schrödinger and thus contributed to the creation of quantum mechanics. After an early attempt to propose a deterministic interpretation of his theory, de Broglie joined the Copenhagen school’s mainstream noncausal interpretation of the quantum theory."(DSB)."This idea [i.e. de Broglie's that matter might behave as waves] was tested and confirmed by Davisson and Germer in 1927... Thus the duality of both light and matter had been established, and physicists had to come to terms with fundamental particles which defied simple theories and demanded two sets of 'complementary' descriptions, each applicable under certain circumstances, but incompatible with one another." (Printing and the Mind of Man, 417).

Paris, The Olympia Press, (1955). 2 volumes. Original green printed wrappers with slight wear along the edges. Hinges and capitals with slight paper loss. Apart from the edgewear and monir loss of paper, both volumes are fresh, tight, square, and clean, also internally. First edition, first issue (with "Francs : 900" to back wrappers) of this magnum opus of 20th century literature, which, with its innovative style and highly controversial subject matter caused an upright scandal when it appeared. The work had been turned down by six publishing houses, before it was finally printed, anticipating how it would be received by the public. In 1955, Nabokov finally signed a contract with Olympia Press in Paris. By the Sunday Express editor it was called "the filthiest book I have ever read" and "sheer unrestrained pornography"; the Home Office in Great Britain instructed British Customs to seize all copies entering the country, and in 1956 the book was banned in France. The various translations of the work into other languages caused a number of other scandals, but in spite of American officials being anxious about the appearance of the first American edition, this was issued without problems (in 1958) and became an instant bestseller. In fact, it sold more than 100.000 copies within the first three weeks (being the first book after "Gone With the Wind" to do so).Today, the book is considered a classic of modern literature and one of the finest novels of the 20th century.

Kiøbenh. (i.e. Copenhagen), 1663. 8vo. Contemporary full vellum with handwritten title to spine. Nice and tight with little wear. Einar Christiansen's book plate to inside of front board. (10), 200 pp. With the wonderful engraved illustrated title-page with 11 lovely illustrations allegorically depicting the different chapters. WITH A DATED (1676) ORIGINAL SIGNATURE OF PEDER PEDERSEN SYV INSERTED TO FRONT FREE END-PAPER. The very rare first edition of the first Danish work of comparative linguistics and the first Danish work on comparative history of literature. The work is of seminal importance to the development of the Danish language as the accepted official and written language of Denmark. The seminal philological treatise constituted a programmatic defense of vernacular national languages and Syv is hereby responsible for introducing Danish in a wider spectrum of social domains and to establish a notion of Danish literature as accepted in its own right. Up until Syv, Latin and German were the learned languages of Denmark and the languages used for all matter of official business. But just as Dante had done with Italian, Peder Syv, with the present work, began the quest of making Danish a language also respected for written literature.The Cimbrian language included Scandinavian, Gothic, Slavic, German, and partly English and Russian, and Syv regarded it as one of the oldest tongues in the world, coming from Hebrew and older than Greek and Latin. He refused to view it as originally German. "Peder Syv is sometimes referred to as "the fist Danish grammarian." In this remarkable little book, with its curious illustrated title-page, Syv defends the use of the Danish language in literature. To demonstrate the strength of his native danish tongue, Syv cites the accomplishments of important authors writing in Danish... for example, Huitfeldt, Skonning, Arrebo, Bording, and Pontoppidan." (Reinhardt)Nancy S. Reinhardt: "Danish Literature. An exhibition at the Houghton Library". The Harvard College Library, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1986, nr. 10.

Paris, l'imprimerie Nationale, 1793. 12mo. Uncut and unbound with original stitching. Printed on blue paper. A fine, clean, and fresh copy. 39 pp. The rare first pocket-edition of the highly influential French 1793-Declaration 'Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen' often referred to as the Constitution of the Year I, or the The Montagnard Constitution. A folio-edition was printed the same year but this pocket-edition was probably the first meant for the public. The present publication constitutes the univocal break with l'Ancien Régime. The Constitution of 1793 was the second constitution written and approved during the French Revolution but legally created the First French Republic, which had been established on September 22, 1792. The Declaration and Constitution were ratified by popular vote in July 1793, following approval by 1,784,377 out of approximately 1,800,000 voters. Unknown to most, the Constitution of 1791 did not entail a complete break with l'Ancien Régime. In fact, the political order envisaged by the Assembly was a form of constitutional monarchy. This uneasy compromise was bound to be overtaken by the historical events and eventually this first true republican constitution was adopted by the National Convention on June 24, 1793. The Constitution was based on the 'Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen' of 1789, to which it added several rights, proclaiming the superiority of popular sovereignty over national sovereignty, and various economic and social rights, such as the right of association, right to work and public assistance, and the right to public education.This constitution also required the government to ensure a "right to subsistence," while simultaneously reiterating the inviolability of personal property. To many, especially the Jacobins, the Constitution of 1793 provided a model framework for an egalitarian, democratic republic.The text was mainly written by Hérault de Séchelles, a French judge and politician who took part in the French Revolution on the side of the Montagnards a political group during the French Revolution whose members sat on the highest benches in the Assembly. The term, which was first used during a session of the Legislative Assembly, came into general use in 1793. Led by Maximilien Robespierre, the Montagnards unleashed the Reign of Terror in 1794.The constitution was officially suspended on October 10 in favor of "revolutionary government [...] until the peace" and it was eventually replaced by the French Constitution of 1795.

Lyckstad, Andrees Kock og Kiøbenhaffn, Christen Jensen [Wering], 1648-54. Tvær 16mo. Indbundet i et smukt, nyere privat helskindsbind med guld- og blindtryk på ryg og permer (Anker Kyster). Indvendig guldbordure og kanter af permer forgyldte. Med et særdeles nydeligt sølvspænde. Indlagt i en kunstfærdig bogæske. Ryg falmet. Titelbladet til første del, samt fem yderligere blade (anden del: pp. 15-16, 47-48, 59-60, 129-30, 177) restaureret, i nogle tilfælde med tab af tekst. Gennemgående vanskjold i første del, ellers ren og pæn indvendig. (32), 190; (24), 182; (8), 166, (2) pp. 16mo. Bound in a beautiful later full calf binding (Anker Kyster). Spine and boards lavishly gilt and blindstamped. Gilt inner dentelles, edges of boards gilt. With an unusually beautiful silver clasp. In an artful clamshell box. Spine faded. Title page of the first part, as well as five other leaves restored (second part: pp. 15-16, 47-48, 59-60, 129-30, 177), in some cases with loss of text. First part water stained throughout, otherwise clean inside. (32), 190; (24), 182; (8), 166, (2) pp. Probably the only copy in private hands of the extremely rare collection of melodies for ‘Dend Hyrdinde Astrea’ (1645), based on Honoré d'Urfé's work L'Astrée and translated from French into Danish in 1645 (Thesaurus 694). D'Urfé's magnum opus, L'Astrée, was published in five parts from 1607 to 1627, totalling around 5,000 pages. Set on the banks of the Lignon River in 5th century Gaul, the novel depicts a world of pastoral innocence. The title refers to the protagonists Astrée and Céladon, who cannot marry because of their families' mutual enmity. The copy previously belonged to the two prominent book collectors Einar Christiansen and Erik Dal. According to a note at the back of the book, the copy was bound in black cloth when Einar Christiansen bought it at Wimmer's auction in 1913. _____________________________________________ Formodentlig det eneste eksemplar i privat eje af den uhyre sjældne melodisamling til 'Dend Hyrdinde Astrea' (1645), baseret på Honoré d'Urfés værk L'Astrée og oversat fra fransk til dansk i 1645 (Thesaurus 694). D’Urfés magnum opus, L'Astrée, blev udgivet i fem dele fra 1607 til 1627 og består samlet af omkring 5.000 sider. Romanen, der udspiller sig ved bredden af floden Lignon i det 5. århundredes Gallien, skildrer en verden af pastoral uskyld, hvor hyrder og hyrdinder lever for kærligheden. Titlen refererer til hovedpersonerne Astrée og Céladon, der ikke kan gifte sig på grund af deres familiers indbyrdes fjendskab. Eksemplaret har tidligere tilhørt de to prominente bogsamlere Einar Christiansen og Erik Dal. Ifølge en note bagerst i bogen var eksemplaret - da Einar Christiansen købte det på Wimmers auktion (1913) - indbundet i sort lærred. ______________________________________________________ Biblioteca Danica IV, 203. Thesaurus 693.

Stockholm, Pet. Momma, 1739. Small 8vo. Preserved in covers of older blindstamped golden paper. Title-page a bit soiled and with old owner's names (one of them crossed out, the other one being Roland Martin). A small restoration to lower blank margin of title-page. Woodcut initial at beginning and woodcut end-vignette. (18) pp. Exceedingly rare first edition, first issue (with an excellent provenance) of Linnaeus' seminal speech which has gone down in history as one of the most famous and influential summations on the economy of nature - demonstrated by "curiosities among insects". With poetical eloquence, Linnaeus shows us the wonder of the small creature that is the insect and beautifully ties together the nature of the world that we live in, providing to all living things a means and an end. Published merely four years after the groundbreaking first edition of the "Systema Natura" - and two decades before the definitive 10th edition of it - Linnaeus, in this epochal speech, points us to the fact that only with the "Systema Natura" had the true nature of the insect been discovered, revealing to us also the true wonder of nature. This groundbreaking speech was given at the inauguration of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm in 1739. Linnaeus himself was one of the founders of the academy; this foundational speech not only marks the beginning of the world-changing Academy of Sciences, being the first in a long series of presiding speeches that were given four times a year (when the Academy chose a new chairman), it also marks an epoch in the theory of natural history. The frequent reprinting of the speech bears witness to its epochal character and the importance it came to hold for Linnaeus himself. The extremely scarce first issue was printed by Momma in a poor antiqua setting, mixing three different styles, and the last three pages are in a smaller font. New issues appeared in Swedish in 1747 and 1752, the speech was reprinted in Latin numerous times in different issues of the "Amoenitates", and it was translated into English and German. When occupying oneself with the greatest modern zoologist, Carl von Linné, the founder of binominal nomenclature, one rarely comes across references to his philosophical theory of the world. Unlike many modern thinkers, 18th century scientists and philosophers did not find the notion of God as ruler of the Universe incompatible with hard scientific facts. On the contrary, the relationship between God and Nature was an issue of crucial importance to many natural scientists of the period. The present speech constitutes the most important declaration of Linnaeus' thoughts on the subject, presenting him as what we would call a "physicotheologist". By means of the "curiosities among insects", Linnaeus here presents Nature as a single, self-regulating global entity - an entity that is a wonder created by God. The present publication constitutes one of the most personal works that Linnaeus ever wrote and provides with a direct insight into his entire world view - the view of the world that enabled us to properly classify and systematize all living things. It is not least due to the present work that Linnaeus was so widely admired by the greatest of his contemporaries. In his own time he was not only admired for his great scientific accomplishments, he became famous for wider cultural reasons and for the moral qualities that understream his scientific work. That is the main reason why he was considered a hero by the likes of Rousseau and why the likes of Goethe made debating Linnaeus a pastime in fashionable Romantic circles. The work is of the greatest scarcity. OCLC lists merely six copies in libraries world-wide, two of which are in the US: Kansas State University and North Carolina State University. The remaining four copies are in: Sweden, France, UK, and The Netherlands. ROLAND MARTIN (1726-1788) was prominent physician, who was a student of Linnaeus. He studied at the University of Uppsala and here defended his dissertation in 1745 (under Linnaeus). He was nominated professor of medicine twice, but refused both times. He was considered an excellent teacher and a great physician, but he was a controversian man and caused dramatic debacle when he left the Collegium medicum and joined the Societas chirurgica (only to return in 1766, with a tarnished reputation). Hult, p. 31-32.BMC 3141Soulsby 1341

Hannover, 1599. Small 8vo. Contemporary full vellum. Binding with some wear, especially to extremities. Lower spine restored. Evenly browned throughout. 210 pp. Extremely scarce first edition of Genitili's highly important "Two Disputations", including the first printing of his seminal treatise "On Lying", which is of fundamental importance to Gentili's legal system that was based on practice and experience and became extremely influential. "In his disputation on lying, published in 1599, he defended the use of the "officious lie" in cases of "great necessity", and insisted that the law should be considered in the light of its ultimate aim, citing the maxim, "Salus populi suprema lex esto" (Let the safety of the people be the supreme law)." (Note: Gentili, Disputationum Duae… 1599). (Kingsbury & Straumann, The Roman Foundations of the Law of Nations. Alberico Gentili and the Justice of Empire, p. 142). Alberico Gentili, the "Father of international law" (1552 -1608), was an Italian jurist, tutor of Queen Elizabeth I, and a standing advocate to the Spanish Embassy in London, who served as the Regius professor of civil law at the University of Oxford for 21 years. He was the earliest writer on public international law, and in 1587, he became the first non-English person to be a Regius Professor. Gentili's books are recognized to be among the most essential for international legal doctrines. "A prominent early modern Italian legal theorist and practicing lawyer, Alberico Gentili is regarded, along with Francisco de Vitoria and Hugo Grotius, as one of the founders of the science of the modern law of nations (ius gentium) and a major figure in the development of international relations. He designed a solid and autonomous framework for the law of nations based on three pillars: the Greco-Roman idea of natural law, the Justinian compilation of Roman law, and the-then novel Bodinian notion of sovereignty as supreme, perpetual, and indivisible power. Gentili freed the law of nations from excessive scholastic influences and theological importations, avoiding metaphysical developments and overly subtle dialectics. He tried to build a system based on practice and experience. His legal construction is more inductive from events, episodes, customs, and facts, than deductive from unchanged premises. Providing some new arguments, he removed religion as a valid reason for conflict and war, he advocated for the legitimacy of non-Christian regimes, especially the Ottomans, and he tried to fix the tenuous lines of separation between jurisprudence and theology and between the internal forum and external forum of canon law. Neither the pope nor the Roman Catholic Church has a place in Gentili's systematic account. His world-famous saying - silete theologi in munere alieno! - commands the theologian not to be involved in other people's business and was claimed centuries later by the jurisprudence of European public law to argue in favor of the secularization of the law, beyond the limits Gentili himself intended." (Domingo & Minucci, Alberigo Gentili and the Secularization of the Law of Nations, p. 1). Alberico Gentili was a transitional, erudite, legal thinker and practicing lawyer fully involved in the events of his lifetime and attentive to continuous and profound political and social changes. Educated in the Bartolist method, he gradually evolved to a more integrated jurisprudence, in accordance with the humanist approach. He elaborated a new framework for the law of nations as a part of the law of nature to be applied between and among sovereign states and governed by Justinian Roman law. He also offered a systematic account of two of the most relevant institutions of international relations: diplomacy and war. Gentili's severe critique of religious intolerance; his drawing of a demarcation between the spiritual and the temporal, the internal and the external forum of conscience; his separation of functions between theologians and jurists; his continuous interpretative effort to find principles of natural law-all of these ideas and attitudes, among others, contributed to the establishment of the theoretical basis of the European modern state and to the building up of an international society of sovereign nations. (Domingo & Minucci, Alberigo Gentili and the Secularization of the Law of Nations, p. 17). First editions by Gentili are exceedingly rare on the market.

Göttingen, Dieterich, 1828. Small 4to. Extracted from: 'Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis', Volume 6, pp.99-146. 4to. Modern half morocco with gilt spine lettering. Fine and clean throughout. First edition of the work which inspired one of the greatest breakthroughs in geometry since Euclid.Euler established the theory of surfaces in his 'Recherches sur la courbure des surfaces', 1767. But Euler's treatment of surfaces is not invariant under a natural notion of isometry; with his notion of curvature, for example, the plane and cylinder have different curvatures, although one surface can be bent into the other without stretching or contracting. Such two surfaces are locally alike and one would naturally demand that geometry on these two isometric surfaces are the same. Another way of viewing this is to say that geometry on the surface depends on the geometry of the particular space, in which the surface is embedded.In this work Gauss took a fundamentally different approach to the study of surfaces; in contrast to Euler he represented the points of a surface in terms of two external parameters. Gauss then derived his own notions of the fundamental quantities of surfaces, e.g. arc length, angle between curves, and curvature. The Gauss curvature is related to the Euler curvature, but possesses a fundamentally different property, namely that it is intrinsic, e.g. isometric surfaces have the same curvature at all points. Or, in other words: Geometry (in Gauss' notion) on the surface is independent of the particular geometry of the ambient space. This remarkable result is known as Gauss' "theorema egregium". With this work Gauss established a whole new (and more proper) theory of surfaces. In the paper Gauss derived several important theorems about the length, area, and angles of figures on surfaces. But the "theorema egregium" has deep roots in the foundation of geometry and was to initiate one of the greatest breakthroughs in geometry since Euclid. To Bernhard Riemann (a student of Gauss) this result suggested that a surface could be regarded as a space in itself with its own geometry, having its own notion of distance, angles, etc. independent of the geometry of some other space containing the surface. This idea became the corner stone of Riemann's famous 'Ueber die Hypothesen, welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen', 1867.Norman 880.

Berlin, 1913. Royal 8vo. Uncut and partly unopened in original printed wrappers. A bit of spotting to original printed spine, but overall in magnificent condition. Completely original and as fresh as can be wished for. (8), 446, (2). The very rare first edition of Rosa Luxemburg's magnum opus - "without doubt, one of the most original contributions to Marxist economic doctrine since "Capital". In its wealth of knowledge, brilliance of style, trenchancy of analysis and intellectual independence, this book, as Mehring, Marx's biographer, stated, was the nearest to "Capital" of any Marxist work. The central problem it studies is of tremendous theoretical and political importance: namely, what effects the extension of capitalism into new, backward territories has on the internal contradictions rending capitalism and on the stability of the system." (Tony Cliff). Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) was one of the most influential Marxists of the late 19th century. In her youth, she joined the socialist movement and went to Switzerland in exile in 1889. Here she studied law and economics and developed close connections to the leading members of the Russian socialist party. As opposed to Lenin, she was in complete favour of internationalism and therefore in opposition to the established Russian and Polish socialist parties that supported Polish independence. In 1893, she co-founded what was to be the forerunner of the Polish Communist Party, namely the Socialdemocratic Labour Party of Poland.In 1899, Rosa Luxemburg settled in Berlin and joined the German Socildemocratic Party, SPD and represented the revolutionary wing. She believed strongly in revolutionary mass action, but as opposed to Lenin, she was not completely bound to the revolutionary party and spoke out against movements like the reform union in Germany. "Rosa Luxemburg was born in the small Polish town of Zamosc on 5 March 1871. From early youth she was active in the socialist movement. She joined a revolutionary party called Proletariat, founded in 1882, some 21 years before the Russian Social Democratic Party (Bolsheviks and Mensheviks) came into being. From the beginning Proletariat was, in principles and programme, many steps ahead of the revolutionary movement in Russia. While the Russian revolutionary movement was still restricted to acts of individual terrorism carried out by a few heroic intellectuals, Proletariat was organising and leading thousands of workers on strike. In 1886, however, Proletariat was practically decapitated by the execution of four of its leaders, the imprisonment of 23 others for long terms of hard labour, and the banishment of about 200 more. Only small circles were saved from the wreck, and it was one of these that Rosa Luxemburg joined at the age of 16. By 1889 the police had caught up with her, and she had to leave Poland, her comrades thinking she could do more useful work abroad than in prison. She went to Switzerland, to Zurich, which was the most important centre of Polish and Russian emigration. There she entered the university where she studied natural sciences, mathematics and economics. She took an active part in the local labour movement and in the intense intellectual life of the revolutionary emigrants.Hardly more than a couple of years later Rosa Luxemburg was already recognised as the theoretical leader of the revolutionary socialist party of Poland. She became the main contributor to the party paper, Sprawa Rabotnicza, published in Paris. In 1894 the name of the party, Proletariat, was changed to become the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland; shortly afterwards Lithuania was added to the title. Rosa continued to be the theoretical leader of the party (the SDKPL) till the end of her life.In August 1893 she represented the party at the Congress of the Socialist International. There, a young woman of 22, she had to contend with well-known veterans of another Polish party, the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), whose main plank was the independence of Poland and which claimed the recognition of all the experienced elders of international socialism. Support for the national movement in Poland had the weight of long tradition behind it: Marx and Engels, too, had made it an important plank in their policies. Undaunted by all this, Rosa Luxemburg struck out at the PPS, accusing it of clear nationalistic tendencies and a proneness to diverting the workers from the path of class struggle; and she dared to take a different position to the old masters and oppose the slogan of independence for Poland. (For elaboration on this, see Rosa Luxemburg and the national question below.) Her adversaries heaped abuse on her, some of them, like the veteran disciple and friend of Marx and Engels, Wilhelm Liebknecht, going so far as to accuse her of being an agent of the Tsarist secret police. But she stuck to her point.Intellectually she grew by leaps and bounds. She was drawn irresistibly to the centre of the international labour movement, Germany, where she made her way in 1898." (Tony Cliff, Rosa Luxemburg Biography).In 1919, she was captured and murdered by reactionary freetroop officers, but her theoretical works remained highly influential throughout almost a century. As late as the 1960'ies and 70'ies, she was still seen as somewhat of a revolutionary hero and champion of communism. "When the First World War broke out, practically all the leaders of the Socialist Party [SPD] were swept into the patriotic tide. On 3 August 1914 the parliamentary group of German Social Democracy decided to vote in favour of war credits for the Kaiser’s government. Of the 111 deputies only 15 showed any desire to vote against. However, after their request for permission to do so had been rejected, they submitted to party discipline, and on 4 August the whole Social Democratic group unanimously voted in favour of the credits. A few months later, on 2 December, Karl Liebknecht flouted party discipline to vote with his conscience. His was the sole vote against war credits.This decision of the party leadership was a cruel blow to Rosa Luxemburg. However, she did not give way to despair. On the same day, 4 August, on which the Social Democratic deputies rallied to the Kaiser’s banner, a small group of socialists met in her apartment and decided to take up the struggle against the war. This group, led by Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, Franz Mehring and Clara Zetkin, ultimately became the Spartakus League. For four years, mainly from prison, Rosa continued to lead, inspire and organise the revolutionaries, keeping high the banner of international socialism...The revolution in Russia of February 1917 was a realisation of Rosa Luxemburg’s policy of revolutionary opposition to the war and struggle for the overthrow of imperialist governments. Feverishly she followed the events from prison, studying them closely in order to draw lessons for the future. Unhesitatingly she stated that the February victory was not the end of the struggle but only its beginning, that only workers’ power could assure peace. From prison she issued call after call to the German workers and soldiers to emulate their Russian brethren, overthrow the Junkers and capitalists and thus, while serving the Russian Revolution, at the same time prevent themselves from bleeding to death under the ruins of capitalist barbarism.When the October Revolution broke out, Rosa Luxemburg welcomed it enthusiastically, praising it in the highest terms. At the same time she did not believe that uncritical acceptance of everything the Bolsheviks did would be of service to the labour movement. She clearly foresaw that if the Russian Revolution remained in isolation a number of distortions would cripple its development; and quite early in the development of Soviet Russia she pointed out such distortions, particularly on the question of democracy.On 8 November 1918 the German Revolution freed Rosa Luxemburg from prison. With all her energy and enthusiasm she threw herself into the revolution. Unfortunately the forces of reaction were strong. Right-wing Social Democratic leaders and generals of the old Kaiser’s army joined forces to suppress the revolutionary working class. Thousands of workers were murdered; on 15 January 1919 Karl Liebknecht was killed; on the same day a soldier’s rifle butt smashed into Rosa Luxemburg’s skull.With her death the international workers’ movement lost one of its noblest souls. "The finest brain amongst the scientific successors of Marx and Engels", as Mehring said, was no more. In her life, as in her death, she gave everything for the liberation of humanity." (Tony Cliff, Biography of Rosa Luxemburg).Sraffa 3560Social Liberation 4066

Paris, Steph.Ganeau, 1714. Folio. Bound in one beautiful cont.full mottled calf w. six raised bands, gilt compartments. Hinges, capitals and corners professionally restored. Internally very nice and clean, apart from heavy browning to the smaller woodcut of the second title-page. Engraved title-page, title-page w. woodcut vignette, XXVI, (19), 140 pp., second engraved title-page, and 334 sheets of plates, containing 1327 fine engravings on 334 sheets (being 331 sheets with four engravings on each and three sheets with one large engraving on each; all of these are numbered (the engravings on the first 331 sheets are numbered 1-1324); number 406 has to extras, being 406+ and 406*, number 673 has one extra being 673+, number 674 has one extra, being 674+, numbers 826, 827 and 828 are collected on one engraving, and numbers 1076 and 1256 (would have been within the plates that consist of four engravings each) are omitted), complete. All of the first 331 sheets consist of four illustration, and most of them are made as four separate engravings, but some of them are made frofrom just two engravings, but still depicting four illustrations of axactly the same measure as the rest. First edition of Barrelier's chief botanical work, his famous "Hortus Mundi", for which he was supported financially by Gaston von Orléans but which he never finished due to illness. The text was destroyed in a fire after his death, but the numerous drawings survived and in 1714, ab. 40 years after Barrelier's death, Antoine de Jussieu published the work with the original plates under the title "Plantae per Galliam...".Jacques Barrelier (1606 - 1673) was a French Dominican, botanist and physician. He undertook extensive travels throughout France, Spain and Italy and spent 25 years in Rome, where he founded the botanical garden of the Saint-Xyste convent. During his time in Rome he worked on his magnum opus, which was later to become his "Plantae per Galliam...", for which he had an enormous amount of engravings made after his numerous drawings of plants. When he returned to Paris in 1672, he had stopped working on his great work, and in 1973 he died of an asthma-attack. The text for the work is destroyed in a fire, but the engravings are saved, which makes it possible for Antoine de Jussieu about 40 years later to publish the work the Barrelier never came to finish himself. Antoine de Jussieu (1686-1758) was out of a prominent French family distinguished for ist excellent botanists. He was a physician who also practiced medicine and devoted much of his time to treating the very poor. He studied at the University of Montpellier, and like Barrelier, he travelled through Spain and Portugal. In 1708 he went to Paris, where he succeeded J.P. de Tournefort at the Jardin des Plantes. His main works are his publication of Barrelier's "Plantae per Galliam..." and an edition of Tournefort's "Institutiones rei herbariae", printed in 1719 in three volumes.Barrelier has given name to the flower genus "Barleria", which covers roughly 300 species.Pritzel 423. Nissen I:7-8. (Nissen mentions "334 Kupf. mit 1324 Fig.; this, however seems not to omit the last three full-page engravings that are numbered 1325-27). Hunt II,I:432.

Paris, Gauthier-Villars et Cie, 1923. 4to. Bound in one contemp. full buckram. Spines gilt and with gilt lettering. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome 177. Bound with orig. printed front-wrapper to No. 1, half-title and title-page to vol. 177. 1513 pp. (Entire volume offered). De Broglie's papers: pp. 507-510, pp. 548-551 a. pp. 630-32. Clean and fine. A punched stamp on foot of title-page. First edition of these papers which ESTABLISHED A NEW ERA IN PHYSICS by introducing the epochal new principle that particle-wave duality should apply not only to radiation but also to matter and thus CREATING QUANTUM MECHANICS. These 3 papers were extended to form his doctoral thesis of 1924 "Recherches sur la Théorie des Quanta."De Broglie relates "After long reflection in solitude and meditation, I suddenly had the idea, during the year 1923, that the discovery made by Einstein in 1905 should be generalized by extending it to all material particles and notably to electrons" (Preface to his PhD thesis 1924)."He made the leap in his September 10, 1923, paper: E=hv should hold not only for photons but also for electrons, to which he assigns a 'fictitious associated wave'. In his September 24 paper, he indicated the direction in which one 'should seek experimental confirmations of our ideas': a stream of electrons traversing an aperture whose dimensions are small compared with the wavelenght of the electron waves 'should show diffraction phenomena' ."(Pais "Subtle is the Lord", pp. 425-436).In the third paper (October 8) he discusses "The interplay between the propagation of the particle and of the waves could be expressed in more formal terms as an identity between the fundamental variational principles of Pierre de Fermat (rays), and Pierre Louis Maupertuis (particles) as de Broglie discussed it further in his last communication . Therein he also considered some thermodynamic consequences of his generalized wave-particle duality. He showed in particular how one could, using Lord Rayleigh’s 1900 formula for the number of stationary modes for phase waves, obtain Planck’s division of the mechanical phase space into quantum cells.Louis de Broglie achieved a worldwide reputation for his discovery of the wave theory of matter, for which he received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1929. His work was extended into a full-fledged wave mechanics by Erwin Schrödinger and thus contributed to the creation of quantum mechanics. After an early attempt to propose a deterministic interpretation of his theory, de Broglie joined the Copenhagen school’s mainstream noncausal interpretation of the quantum theory."(DSB)."This idea [i.e. de Broglie's that matter might behave as waves] was tested and confirmed by Davisson and Germer in 1927... Thus the duality of both light and matter had been established, and physicists had to come to terms with fundamental particles which defied simple theories and demanded two sets of 'complementary' descriptions, each applicable under certain circumstances, but incompatible with one another." (Printing and the Mind of Man, 417).

Hamburg: Otto Meissner, 1885. 8vo. Very nice contemporary black half calf with gilt spine. A bit of wear to extremitoes. Inner front hinge a little weak. Title-page a littel dusty, but otherwise very nice and clean. Book-plate (Arnold Heertje) to inside of front board. XXVII, (1), 526 pp. + 1 f. With pp. 515-16 in the first state ("Consumtionsfonds" with a C) and with the imprint-leaf at the end. Scarce first edition of the second volume of "The Capital", edited from Marx's manuscripts by Friedrich Engels and with a 20 pages long preface by Engels. The second volume constitutes a work in its own right and is also known under the subtitle "The Process of Circulation of Capital ". Although this work has often been to as referred to as "the forgotten book" of Capital or "the unknown volume", it was in fact also extremely influential and highly important - it is here that Marx introduces his "Schemes of Reproduction", here that he founds his particular macroeconomics, and here that he so famously distinguishes two "departments" of production: those producing means of production and those producing means of consumption - "This very division, as well as the analysis of the relations between these departments, is one of the enduring achievements of Marx's work." (Christopher J. Arthur and Geert Reuten : The Circulation of Capital. Essays on Volume Two of Marx's Capital. P. 7).The work is divided into three parts: The Metamorphoses of Capital and Their Circuits, The Turnover of Capital, The Reproduction and Circulation of the Aggregate Social Capital, and it is here that we find the main ideas behind the marketplace - how value and surplus-value are realized. Here, as opposed to volume 1 of "The Capital", the focus is on the money-owner and -lender, the wholesale-merchant, the trader and the entrepreneur, i.e. the "functioning capitalist", rather than worker and the industrialist. "[i]t was here, in the final part of this book [i.e. vol. II of Das Kapital], that Marx introduced his "Schemes of Reproduction", which influenced both Marxian and orthodox economics in the first decades of the twentieth century." (Arthur & Reuten p. 1).The first volume of "Das Kapital" was the only one to appear within Marx' life-time. It appeared 1867, followed by this second volume 18 years later, which Engels prepared from notes left by Karl Marx.