Søkeresultat

Kiøbenhaffn, Lorentz Benedict, 1564. 4to. Senere helldrbd. 188,156,114 blade. Titelblad og fortale samt sidste blad i smuk lystryk faksimile ( 3 blade ialt). de sidste 10 blade kantrepareret. Lettere brugsspor. 3 træskårne titelblade, tæt beskåret foroven. Talrige større træsnitillustrationer i teksten. Første danske udgave af Luthers Postil og af største sjældenhed i komplet stand. Kun ganske få bevarede på private hænder. De fleste eksemplarer i de offentlige biblioteker er ukomplette (Lauritz Nielsen anfører kun 7 komplette eksemplarer). En af de mest betydningsfulde bøger fra Benedichts trykpresse, og det største i omfang.Extremely scarce first Dansih edition of Luther's "Hauspostille" with only af few copies still on private hands.Thesaurus I, 104. - Birkelund, 24. - Lauritz Nielsen, 1084. - Paulli, 20.

Cambridge, 1910. Royal 8vo. In a recent half calf with four raised bands and green leather title-label with gilt lettering to spine. Repair to half title, not affecting text. Title-page with repair to outer margin, not affecting text. Previous-owner's name on whilte paper label pasted on to verso of title-page, not affecting text. Errata-leaf with repairs to lower margin. Otherwise, fine and clean. XIII, (3), 666 pp. The seminal first edition of the first volume of the landmark work that founded modern mathematical logic and came to define research in the foundations of mathematics throughout the 20th century. "Principia Mathematica" proved to be remarkably influential in at least three ways. First, it popularized modern mathematical logic to an extent undreamt of by its authors. By using a notation superior to that used by Frege, Whitehead and Russell managed to convey the remarkable expressive power of modern predicate logic in a way that previous writers had been unable to achieve. Second, by exhibiting so clearly the deductive power of the new logic, Whitehead and Russell were able to show how powerful the idea of a modern formal system could be, thus opening up new work in what soon was to be called metalogic. Third, Principia Mathematica re-affirmed clear and interesting connections between logicism and two of the main branches of traditional philosophy, namely metaphysics and epistemology, thereby initiating new and interesting work in both of these areas.As a result, not only did Principia introduce a wide range of philosophically rich notions (including propositional function, logical construction, and type theory), it also set the stage for the discovery of crucial metatheoretic results (including those of Kurt Gödel, Alonzo Church, Alan Turing and others). Just as importantly, it initiated a tradition of common technical work in fields as diverse as philosophy, mathematics, linguistics, economics and computer science." (SEP)""Principia Mathematica", the landmark work in formal logic written by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, was first published in three volumes in 1910, 1912 and 1913. A second edition appeared in 1925 (Volume 1) and 1927 (Volumes 2 and 3). In 1962 an abbreviated issue (containing only the first 56 chapters) appeared in paperback. In 2011 a digest of the book's main definitions and theorems, originally transcribed by Russell for Rudolf Carnap, was reprinted in The Evolution of Principia Mathematica, edited by Bernard Linsky.Written as a defense of logicism (the thesis that mathematics is in some significant sense reducible to logic), the book was instrumental in developing and popularizing modern mathematical logic. It also served as a major impetus for research in the foundations of mathematics throughout the twentieth century. Along with Aristotle's Organon and Gottlob Frege's Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, it remains one of the most influential books on logic ever written." (SEP).

Paris, Crochard, 1820. 8vo. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Volume 15, pp.59-76;170-218. The entire volme 15 offered here in contemporary fine half calf with gilt spine. Five engraved plates accompanying the memoires. A fine copy. First edition of the first announcement of Ampère's discoveries on electromagnetism. Ampère first heard of Ørsted's discovery of electromagnetism on the 4th of September when Arago announced Ørsted's results to the Paris Academy of Sciences. In Ørsted's experiment a current-carrying wire is held over, and under, a compass needle - the result being that the needle is positioned at 45 degrees in respect to the wire. Ampére immediately saw that this result made no physical sense and realized that the true nature of the effect could not be observed until the force of terrestrial magnetism was somehow neutralized; what Ørsted had observed and reported on was the resultant of the force from the wire and that from the earth's magnetic field. Ampère discovered that the compass needle sets at 90 degrees to the current-carrying wire when the effect of terrestial magnetism is eliminated. He also observed that current-carrying wires which are formed as spirals act as permanent magnets, and this lead him to his theory that electricity in motion produces magnetism and that permanent magnets must contain electrical currents. And thus Ampère laid the foundation of the new field of electrodynamics.Ampère announced his theory and experimental results, for the first time, in a series of memoires read before the Paris Academy of Sciences in September and October 1820. These memoires were first published in the September and October issues of Arago's 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique' (the offered items). In November Ampère had a seperate printing of his findings published under the title 'Mémoires sur I'action mutuelle de deux courans électriques, sur celle qui existe entre un courant électrique et un aimant ou le globe terrestre, et celle de deux aimans I'un sur I'autre.' (Dibner 62, Norman 43). On the title-page of this publication it is stated 'Extrait des Annales de Chimie et de Physique' and therefore this publication is often identified as an offprint of the two offered papers (see the Norman sales catalogue for an example). This is, however untrue, since it contains considerable changes and additions in comparison with text of the journal issues (see Williams: What were Ampère's Earliest Discoveries in Electrodynamics? ISIS, volume 74, p.492).Honeyman 82, Barchas 51, Wheeler 762.

Kopenhagen, Nicolaus Möller, 1774-78. 4to. Bound in two contemporary full sprinkled calf bindings with five raised bands and richly gilt spines. Extremities with light wear. Spine on vol. 1 with wear with most of gilting worn off. Internally fine and clean. 2 engraved titlevignettes. Halftitles. XVI, (6), 505, (1); (16), 479 pp. 1 large folded map, "Tabula Iteneraria... Terrae Yemen... 1763." and 124 engraved maps and plates (complete). Scarce first edition of Niebuhr's great travel account of Arabia. Like his "Beschribung von Arabien", his "Reisebeschreibung von Arabien" "provided a mass of new geographical, regional, and historical information... Among is many exact maps and plans, the map of the Red Sea and of Yemen served as the most reliable information for more than 50 years.""Despite its tragic course, the expedition was a complete success with regard to its scientific and scholarly results. It was especially due to Niebuhr's efforts to preserve and continue his and his collegues' , that the Royal Danish Library was eventually equipped with a host of oriental manuscripts, maps, and drawings, as well as many botanical and zoological specimens... It was Niebuhr who edited and published Forskåll's Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica (1775) and Descriptiones Animalium (1775), together with the drawings of Bauerfeind. In 1772 he had alredy published his systematic and geographically organized beschreibung von Arabien, which was followed between 1774 and 1778 by the first two volume of his three-volume chronologically arranged Reisebeschreibung nach Arabien. (the item offered, the third volume was published many years later, 1837). Both works, written in a clear and sober language and illustrated with numerous precise drawings, maps, and plans, provided a mass of new geographical, regional, and historical information... Among is many exact maps and plans, the map of the Red Sea and of Yemen served as the most reliable information for more than 50 years."(Josef Wiesehöfer).

Madrid, Administracion de la Revista de medicina y cirugia practicas, 1885. 8vo. In contemporary red half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Light wear to extremities, cloth-boards with repairs. Inner hinges split. Bookbinder-stamp to front free end-paper. Internally very fine and clean. VIII, 725 pp. A landmark in the history of Darwinism in the Spanish-speaking world, this 1885 Madrid edition is the first full Spanish translation of “The Descent of Man”, and without question the most important Spanish edition of Darwin’s major work on human evolution. “Segunda edición revisada y aumentada” stated on the title-page strictly refers to the fact that this phrase is translated directly from the title-page of the second edition of Darwin’s “The Descent of Man (Second Edition, Revised and Augmented)”. A earlier partial translation (Barcelona, 1876) was made, however, only the seven chapters of Part I was translated, none of Darwin's footnotes are translated or mentioned and none of the illustrations are reproduced here. The translator states in his "Preface" that he is indeed summarizing much, and that his intention is to give a most complete extract of Darwin's main works in one single volume. And since it's necessary to be familiar with "The Origin of Species" he believes that a good way of explaining the basics is to translate a few pages from Ernst Haeckel, which occupies pp. ix to xi of said preface. He doesn't specify the source, but it seems to be a translation of Haeckel's The History of Creation, chapter VII, paragraphs 153-161. This present edition edition is unabridged, translating the full content of both volumes, including Darwin’s detailed exposition on sexual selection, racial theory, and moral evolution, accurately annotated, preserving Darwin’s own footnotes and incorporating his illustrations, unlike any prior Spanish attempt and being scientifically rigorous, following the English second edition directly, without filtering through French intermediaries or secondary paraphrases, and without reference to earlier Spanish partial versions. This 1885 edition of "La descendencia del hombre" represents a key moment in the Spanish reception of Darwin’s ideas. As the first complete and direct translation of "The Descent of Man", it provided Spanish readers with full access to Darwin’s arguments on human evolution, including material previously unavailable in earlier partial versions. Its continued use well into the 20th and even 21st century underscores its bibliographic importance and lasting influence - a major Spanish publisher reused this 1885 translation as late as 2019. In Darwinian thought in the Spanish-speaking world it remains a significant and foundational edition. Freeman 1122c Blanco & Llorca 124

London, Printed for William Mount and Thomas Page on Tower Hall, no date (c. 1715). Folio. 53X35 cm. Cont. hcalf with marbled boards. Rebacked and recornered in old style with raised bands. Engraved typographical titlepage with a large engraved vignette showing the English King's Coat of Arms. With all 15 double-page engraved sea-charts (numbered (1)-(15) in lower right corners). Neat repairs to inner margins of free endpapers and titlepage. Some browning to charts. Chart 5 (45x75,5 cm) having the right margin shaved reaching the printed frame. Second edition of this scarce "Atlas Maritime". According to Shirley it was first published by Richard Mount and Thomas Page in 1701 and re-issued with undated title (as this) in ab. 1715, but with the charts unchanged and a new engraved titlepage. A third issue came out in 1737 with a dated title. The fine charts are copied from Pieter Mortier's famous "Neptune Francois" (1693-1702) and reduzed in size."The charts in this early Mount & Page atlas "The Sea-Coasts of France" are re-engravings, reduzed in size, from the charts in the French Neptune of 1693. The charts may also be found in the 1702 edition of Mount and Page's Atlas Maritimus Novus..." (Rodney Shirley). - Not in Phillips. - Shirley Vol. II: M.M&P - 12 b.

Tokyo, Tokyo Kaiseikan, Meiji 38 [1905]. 8vo. In the original full bloth cloth with gilt letteing (in both Japanese and Latin characters). Light occassional brownspotting, otherwise a fine copy. 4, 894, 28, 12 pp. + frontispiece and folded plate with genealogical tree. Rare second translation, and arguably the most important, of the Japanese translation of Darwin's "Origin of Species" (the first being from 1896 and only published once). This is the first translation to be made by a professional biologist. The previous translation ("Seibutsu Shigen") was made by a law student which presumably was a contributing factor to the fact that the work primarily was embraced by social thinkers, philosophers and politicians to advocate the superiority of Japanese culture and society (and military) and not by biologist and zoologist. With the present translation Darwin's ideas and theories were finally properly introduced to the people they were intended for: biologist and zoologist. The popularity of Darwin's works and theories became immensly popular in Japan: "Curiously, there are more versions of "The Origin" in Japanese than in any other language. The earliest were literary, with subsequent translations becoming more scientific as the Japanese developed a technical language for biology." (Glick, The Comparatice Reception of Darwinism, P. XXII)."It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations." (Golley, Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology).Darwin's work had in Japan - as in the rest of the world - profound influence on the academic disciplines of zoology and biology, however, in Japan the most immediate influence was not on these subjects but on social thinkers: "[...] it exerted great influence on Japanese social thinkers and social activists. After learning of Darwin's theory, Hiroyuki Kato, the first president of Tokyo Imperial University, published his New Theory of Human Rights and advocated social evolution theory (social Darwinism), emphasizing the inevitable struggle for existence in human society. He criticized the burgeoning Freedom and People's right movement. Conversely Siusui Kautoku, a socialist and Japanese translator of the Communist Manifesto, wrote articles on Darwinism, such as "Darwin and Marx" (1904). In this and other articles, he criticized kato's theory on Social Darwinism, insisting that Darwinism does not contradict socialism. The well known anarchist, Sakae Osugi published the third translation of On the Origin of Species in 1914, and later his translation of peter Kropotokin's Mutial Aid: A Factor of Evolution. Osugi spread the idea of mutual aid as the philosophical base of Anarcho-syndicalism." (Tsuyoshi, The Japanese Lysenkoism and its Historical Backgrounds, p. 9) "Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was introduced to Japan in 1877 (Morse 1936/1877) during Japan's push to gain military modernity through study of western sciences and technologies and the culture from which they had arisen. In the ensuing decades the theory of evolution was applied as a kind of social scientific tool, i.e. social Spencerism (or social Darwinism) (Sakura 1998:341; Unoura 1999). Sakura (1998) suggests that the theory of evolution did not have much biological application in Japan. Instead, Japanese applied the idea of 'the survival of the fittest' (which was a misreading of Darwin's natural selection theory) to society and to individuals in the struggle for existence in Japan's new international circumstances (see also Gluck 1985: 13, 265).However, at least by the second decade of the 1900s, and by the time that Imanishi Kinji entered the Kyoto Imperial University, the curricula in the natural and earth sciences were largely based on German language sources and later on English language texts. These exposed students to something very different from a social Darwinist approach in these sciences. New sources that allow us to follow" (ASQUITH, Sources for Imanishi Kinji's views of sociality and evolutionary outcomes, p. 1)."After 1895, the year of China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War, Spencer's slogan "the survival of the fittest" entered Chinese and Japanese writings as "the superior win, the inferior lose." Concerned with evolutionary theory in terms of the survival of China, rather than the origin of species, Chinese intellectuals saw the issue as a complex problem involving the evolution of institutions, ideas, and attitudes. Indeed, they concluded that the secret source of Western power and the rise of Japan was their mutual belief in modern science and the theory of evolutionary progress. According to Japanese scholars, traditional Japanese culture was not congenial to Weastern science because the Japanese view of the relationship between the human world and the divine world was totally different from that of Western philosophers. Japanese philosophers envisioned a harmonious relationship between heaven and earth, rather than conflict. Traditionally, nature was something to be seen through the eyes of a poet, rather than as the passive object of scientific investigations. The traditional Japanese vision of harmony in nature might have been uncongenial to a theory based on natural selection, but Darwinism was eagerly adopted by Japanese thinkers, who saw it as a scientific retionalization for Japan's intense efforts to become a modernized military and industial power. Whereas European and American scientists and theologians became embroiled in disputes about the evolutionary relationship between humans and other animals, Japanese debates about the meaning of Darwinism primarily dealt with the national and international implications of natural selection and the struggle for survival. Late nineteenth-century Japanese commentators were likely to refer to Darwinism as an "eternal and unchangeable natural law" that justified militaristic nationalism directed by supposedly superior elites". (Magner, A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded, p. 349)"Between 1877 and 1888, only four works on the subject of biological evolution were published in Japan. During these same eleven years, by contrast, at least twenty Japanese translations of Herbert Spencer's loosely "Darwinian" social theories made their appearance. The social sciences dominated the subject, and when Darwin's original The Origin of Species (Seibutsu shigen) finally appeared in translation in 1896, it was published by a press specializing in economics. It is not surprising then that by the early 20th century, when Darwin's work began to make an impact as a biological rather than a "social" theory, the terms "evolution" (shinka), "the struggle for existence" (seizon kyôsô), and "survival of the fittest" (tekisha seizon) had been indelibly marked as social and political principles. It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations." (Golley, Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology).Freeman 719

London, Thames and Hudson, 1963. Folio-oblong (340 x 400 mm). In the original clothbinding with black printed Picasso-drawings on front board. Housed in the original slipcase. Slipcase with some wear and stains, otherwise very nice and clean. (14) pp. + 45 linocuts by Picasso. The uncommon and exquisitely printed “Linocuts” by Picasso, which marked the beginning a new period for him as an artist. The prints were made by carving away part of the surface of a sheet of linoleum then inking and printing the remaining surface. Picasso began creating linoleum cuts to give color a more prominent role in his graphic work having previously considered it a secondary medium. His linoleum cuts emerged from a desire to adapt previous artistic concepts to a new medium and he quickly achieved original results that were not secondary to his pervious works. Inspired by memories of bullfighting from his youth in Arles and Nimes Picasso focused on this theme in his linoleum cuts produced in the fall of 1959. Despite not having seen bullfights in Spain for many years, he felt their influence after the town of Vallauris allowed bullfighting under revised rules in 1954. “Just how and when Picasso became attracted by the linoleum technique is not known. Perhaps it was like the instance of the year 1957, when he capriciously finished his “L’ Arlésienne* with pigeon feathers picked up from the floor of his home “La Californie.” It must be assumed, aware as we are of Picasso’s working methods, that his interest in linoleum technique was derived from some insignificant yet real incident, as well as from a response to a deep artistic need. The smooth and supple drawings in India ink and lithograph pencil for the “Tauromaquia”, which set the tone for the subsequent linoleum cuts, reveal a difference, something remarkably new and fresh. The ink drawings, particularly, point the way to heavy and unmodeled designs which are more crisp and more succinct (their similarity with a silhouette-like effect is certainly significant). When he began the series of linoleum cuts, the artist was already prepared with a wide range of procedures that would adjust his subjects to the flat, extended areas that are inherent in this medium. Although Picasso had made only a few woodcuts in the past, he immediately adopted a resolute and robust approach to the new technique and interpreted in the widest possible way the rules of carving such an easily yielding material. Formal principles that embody lines and surfaces, as well as pictorial and decorative elements, are freely applied to create prints that are sometimes produced from a combination of several individual color blocks or, more often, from a single linoleum block that was cut and recut. Others, browns, and blacks, reminiscent of Greek vase painting, became the dominating color scheme, permitting a limited range of color variations. As usual, Picasso intuitively developed techniques which exhausted the medium.” (From the introduction to the present work)

London, Lockyer Davis, 1772, 1775, 1776 & 1783. 4to. In recent marbled paper wrappers. Extracted from "Philosophical Transactions". Including title-page of volume. Most leaves reinforced in margin. Light offsetting from folded plates as usual. Plate depicting the full telescope with professional repair to lower right corner. Pp. (4), 147-264, 383-394, 225-248, 397-434. First edition of Priestley's landmark paper on pneumatic chemistry. In this present work, which marked an new epoch in the history of chemistry, he announced the discovery of hydrochloric acid and nitric oxide, as well as the discovery that plants restored air that had been vitiated by combustion, putrefaction, and respiration. Priestley's 'contribution to the knowledge of gases were crucial. He improved the technique for studying them by collecting them over mercury instead of water, so that many more gases could be observed.His many chemical discoveries contributed to the "chemical revolution"' (PMM)"The paper here, for which the Royal Society awarded Priestley the Copley medal announced the discovery of hydrochloric acid and nitric oxide and the use of the latter in measuring the purity of air, which led through the work of Cavendish, Fontana and others to exact eudiometry. Priestley also observed that plants consume carbon dioxide and gave out oxygen, thereby purifying air which has been vitiated by combustion, respiration and putrefaction, and that this action takes place only under daylight." (Printing and the Mind of Man No. 217)."In this paper he also announced two new gases that he had obtained - nitrous oxide and carbonic oxide; these won him the Royal Society's Copley medal. Two years later his experiments in heating red oxide of mercury produced "dephlogisticated air" which was announced in 1775 and identified by Lavoisier as oxygen." (Dibner Heralds of Science No. 40).The work contains a proposal to saturate water with carbonic acid under either atmospheric or increased pressure, which led to the creation of the mineral-water industry.The Centenary of the discovery of oxygen was celebrated at Priestley's American home at Northumberland, Pennsylvania, and was followed in 1876 by the foundation of the American Chemical Society. (PMM). PMM 217. Honeyman No. 2535 - Barchas 1718. Dibner 40 Norman 1749

Berlin, Stettin und Leipzig, Johann Heinrich Rüdigern, 1762-75. 4to. Bound in 13 fine uniform full calf, raised bands, gilt backs. Remains of paperlabels on backs. Top of spine on one volume frayed. Small rubber stamp on titles. A few brownspots. A good copy. Having in all 374 (of 585) fine engraved plates (1 plate supplied in xerox-copy). Plates measure around 37x24cm. First German edition of one of the main works of the 18th century in the fields of crafts and technology as it is a translation of the famous series "Description des Arts et Metiers" issued by Academie Royale des Sciences 1760-75. The French edition was published in folio. Band 1: Kohlenbrennen, Lichtziehen, Ankerschmieden, Nadler, Papiermacher. 31 plates and 1 table;Band 2: Eisenhämmer. Teil 1-2, Wachsziehen, Pergamentmachen, Leder-Vergoldung, Schieferbrüche. 22 plates; Band 3: Eisenhämmer. Teil 3-4, Spielkartenherstellung, Seidenfärberei, Pappenmacher. 29 plates (1 plate supplied in xerox-copy); Band 4: Böttcherkunst, Weißgerber, Ziegelstreichen, Zuckersieden, Silber affinieren. 30 plates; Band 5: Messingherstellung, Tuchmacherkunst, Lohgerberei. 33 plates. Band 6: Tuchfrisierkunst, Saffianleder-Herstellung, Leder auf ungarische Art, Weißgerber, Hutmacher, Dachdecker. 19 plates; Band Band 7: Tapetenweberei, Kalkbrennerkunst, Ziegelstreichen in Holland, Ziegelhütten, Ball- und Raquettenmacher. 30 plates and 1 table; Band 8: Perückenmacherkunst, Müller, Nudelmacher und Bäcker. 15 plates; Band 9: Schuster, Schlösserkunst. 48 plates; Band 10: Steinkohlenbergbau, Indigobereiter. 22 plates; Band 11: Eisenbergwerke und Hüttenwerke in der Steiermark, Leimsiederei, Fischerei, Teil 1. 25 plates and 1 table; Band 12: Fischerei, Teil 2. 50 plates; Band 13: Fischerei, Teil 3, Porzellanherstellung. 23 plates and 1 engr. frontisp.; Band 14: Glasmalerei und Glasarbeiten. Mit 13 (von 14) Tafeln; Band 15: Wollenzeugfabrikant. 17 plates; Band 16: Seifensider, Leinwandhandel, Schneiderhandwerk, Leinenmanufaktur, Tabaksmanufaktur. 27 plates; Band 17: Bleiarbeiter, mathematische und astronomische Instrumente, Baumwoll-Samtfabrikation. 38 plates; Band 18: Stickerkunst, Siebmacher, Riemer und Sattler (mit Kutschenbau), Drahtzieherei, Stahlblattmacher. 51 plates Band 19: Schiffbaukunst. 18 plates and 1 engr. frontisp.;Band 20: Zinngießerkunst. 32 plates; Band 21: der Strumpfwirkerstuhl und sein Gebrauch. 14 plates.

Augsburg & Ulm, Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731 - 1735. Folio (390 x 255 mm). Uniformly bound in four contemporary full calf bindings with five raised bands and richly gilt spine. All edges gilt. Bindings defective, spines missing or partly detached and boards with scratches. Internally with various defects (see below) but internally overall nice and clean. With 706 engraved plates out of 762.Vol. 1: Spine missing, boards partly detached. Stamp with crown to half-title. 10-line note in contemporary hand to title-page (Stating it was given by Gottlieb Heinrich Kannegiesser to Carl Friedrich Cramer, professor i Kiel). Leaf A and A2 with tear. Internally with occassional light marginal miscoluring but generally nice and clean. Half-title, Title-page, (52), 276 pp. + Portrait, frontispiece and 164 (of 177) engraved plates.Vol. 2: Extremities with wear, boards with numerous scratches. Leather on lower compartment detached and partly missing. Head of spine chipped. Small crowned stamp to lower margin of title-page. First 5 ff. with tear to lower margin. Plate CCXL with tear. First leaves slightly soiled and occassional marginal brownspotting throughout, but generally internally nice and clean. (8), 277-672 pp. + 178 (of 189) engraved plates. Vol. 3: Spine partly missing, hinges loose. Most of title-page missing. Last 10 ff. missing upper half of leaves torn off. Light marginal miscolouring throughout, but otherwise internally nice and clean. (6 - not counting the partly missing title-page), 738 pp. + 200 (of 210) engraved plates. Vol. 4: Small stamp to lower margin of title-page. First 5 ff. chipped at lower outer margin, but a bit off loss to the portrait. A few leaves evenly browned and a few leaves with tears. Last leaves soiled. Occassional light marginal brownspotting but internally generally nice and clean. (8), 739-1426, (78) pp. + portrait and 164 (of 173) engraved plates. First appearance of Scheuchzer’s monumental of lavishly illustrated work attempting to marry the scriptures with the sciences, including paleontology, zoology, biology, astronomy and geology. Scheuchzer's is here attempting a scientific explanation of biblical history and discusses events such as the creation, flood and various miracles in terms of physics, medicine and natural history. Further more it also contains a taxonomy of all the plants and animals mentioned in the Bible. “In Scheuchzer’s gigantic work, Physica Sacra, the Baroque attains, philosophically as well as artistically, its high point and its conclusion. It is the last of those elegant works which do not really contain illustrations to a text but which are, in effect, composed of splendid plates with a text to accompany them. The best engravers of the time took part ... and made the whole splendor of Baroque chalcography appear once more” (Faber du Faur). Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672 – 1733), was a Swiss naturalist and geologist. Scheuchzer extensively studied and mapped the geological layers of Switzerland, collecting numerous fossils of shells, fish, and plants. As a diluvialist, he believed that the rock strata and fossils were remnants of Noah's Great Flood. Notably, Scheuchzer identified what he thought were human remains from the Flood, which he named “Homo diluvii testis” or the "human witness of the Flood". “Scheuchzer, however took a giant step beyond his contemporaries. If one can learn about God and the world by studying the Bible and by studying nature, why not combine the two and publish a Bible with a running commentary on natural history, so that each discipline can mutually shed light on the other. The outcome was Scheuchzer's massive Physica Sacra, a four-volume set of thick folios that is often referred to as the "Copper Bible” (Bibel kupfer), because of its abundant copper-plate engravings. The work starts with Genesis 1:1 and proceeds via 760 engravings to illuminate 760 Biblical verses with the most recent information gathered by natural philosophers and natural historians.The attraction of the Copper Bible format for Scheuchzer is that it gave him a framework within which to place a wealth of scientific knowledge that otherwise would be very difficult to structure. It was an encyclopedia of nature, organized by God and annotated by Scheuchzer. No wonder it was so popular, with editions in Latin, French, and German. It was, almost, the perfect book.” (Dr. William B. Ashworth, Linda Hall Library, Scientist of the Day – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer) A Latin edition was published simultaneously. Nissen ZBI 3659(Brunet V, 198 - The Latin edition).

Paris, Crochard, 1820. 8vo. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique', Volume 15, pp. 59-76; 170-218. The entire volme 15 offered in a nice contemporary half calf with gilt spine. A bit of wear to extremities. Five engraved plates accompanying the memoires. A very fine copy. First edition of the first announcement of Ampère's discoveries on electromagnetism. Ampère first heard of Ørsted's discovery of electromagnetism on the 4th of September, when Arago announced Ørsted's results to the Paris Academy of Sciences. In Ørsted's experiment, a current-carrying wire is held over and under a compass needle - the result being that the needle is positioned at 45 degrees in respect to the wire. Ampére immediately saw that this result made no physical sense and realized that the true nature of the effect could not be observed until the force of terrestrial magnetism was somehow neutralized; what Ørsted had observed and reported on was the resultant of the force from the wire and that from the earth's magnetic field. Ampère discovered that the compass needle sets at 90 degrees to the current-carrying wire, when the effect of terrestial magnetism is eliminated. He also observed that current-carrying wires which are formed as spirals act as permanent magnets, and this lead him to his theory that electricity in motion produces magnetism and that permanent magnets must contain electrical currents. And thus Ampère laid the foundation of the new field of electrodynamics.Ampère announced his theory and experimental results, for the first time, in a series of memoires read before the Paris Academy of Sciences in September and October 1820. These memoires were first published in the September and October issues of Arago's 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique' (i.e. the offered item). In November Ampère had a seperate printing of his findings published under the title 'Mémoires sur I'action mutuelle de deux courans électriques, sur celle qui existe entre un courant électrique et un aimant ou le globe terrestre, et celle de deux aimans I'un sur I'autre.' (Dibner 62, Norman 43). On the title-page of this publication it is stated 'Extrait des Annales de Chimie et de Physique' and therefore this publication is often identified as an offprint of the two offered papers (see the Norman sales catalogue for an example). This is, however untrue, since it contains considerable changes and additions in comparison with text of the journal issues (see Williams: What were Ampère's Earliest Discoveries in Electrodynamics? ISIS, volume 74, p.492).Honeyman 82, Barchas 51, Wheeler 762.

Paris, B. Rembolt, 1511. Large folio. (40x30 cm.). Contemp. full brown calf over wood, richly blindtooled covers. Later rebacking. 5 raised bands. Brass clasps and catches. Leather on clasps renewed. Brass edges on covers. Fol. 459,(27),46,(1). Lacking Folios in Index (Fol. 41-43). Title-page printed in red/black within woodcut border and with printers woodcut device. Text throughout printed in red/black. Large woodcut on Fol. 1 verso (biblical figures, church fathers and Gratian in the middle). Numerous figurative woodcut initials throughout. Internally very fine and clean, a few leaves with a faint dampstain to margins. On fine thick paper. On the renewed spine is with letters in gold printed 1507 (it should be 1511). Scarce early edition of the famous collection of Canon Law. The Decretum Gratiani, also known as the Concordia discordantium canonum or Concordantia discordantium canonum, is a collection of Canon law compiled and written in the 12th century as a legal textbook by the jurist known as Gratian. It forms the first part of the collection of six legal texts, which together became known as the Corpus Juris Canonici. It was used by canonists of the Roman Catholic Church until Pentecost (May 19) 1918, when a revised Code of Canon Law (Codex Iuris Canonici) promulgated by Pope Benedict XV on 27 May 1917 obtained legal force. (Wikipedia).Adams

(Berlin, Haude & Spener, 1770). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in "Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres", tome XXIV, pp. 327-354 and 1 engraved plates. First edition. Lambert's work on non-Euclidean geometry is among the most important in the field. Carl Boyer writes "No one else came so close to the truth without actually discovering non-Euclidean geomtry." (History of Mathematics, pp. 504). Lambert wrote his famous book 'Theorie der Parallellinien' in 1766, but it was not published until 1786 (nearly a decade after his death). Lambert originally set out to prove Euclid's parallel postulate in a similar way to that which Saccheri had used in his 'Euclides Vindicatus', but in contrast he did not interpret the consequences of non-Euclidean geometry as absurd. The offered paper ('Observations Trigonometriques') is the only work by Lambert on non-Euclidean geometry which was published during his life-time. Here he made the important discovery of the duality between spherical and hyperbolic geometry, i.e., that hyperbolic trigonometries can be deduced from spherical trigonometries by using imaginary angles (and consequently he introduced the hyperbolic functions, for the first time). By illustrating this duality Lambert gave strong evidence of the consistency of non-Euclidean geometries. (See Kline's Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, pp. 404 & 868).

St. Petersburg, 1895. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with (vague) title to spine. Extremities with wear. Small stamp to top of right corner of title-page, otherwise internally fine. (4), 287, (1) pp. The exceeding rare first edition of Plekhanov's (published under the pseudonym of Beltov) landmark work which was seminal in the spreading of Marxism in Russia. Today, it is considered one of most important theoretical works of Russian Marxism from that period. Lenin would later comment that Plekhanov's book "helped educate a whole generation of Russian Marxists", and Engels, shortly after the publication, wrote directly to Plekhanov congratulating him on the "great success". Plekhanov is regarded as being the founder of Russian Marxism and its main theoretician. Due to his effort and present publication, Russian revolutionaries turned from the Narodniki (populists) movement fashionable in the 1860ies and 70ies to Marxism. The book was sold out immediately after publication and during the Soviet years it was translated into 12 languages and Russian author Mikhail Ivanovich Bulgakov referred to it as the 'The gospel of Russian Social-Democracy'. With the present publication, Plekhanov provided the first creative application of Marxism to the analysis of economic conditions in Russia after the Reform and showed the immediate needs of the Russian revolutionary movement and the political tasks of the Russian working class. He laid bare the reactionary essence of the so-called socialist views of the Narodniks, which had nothing in common with scientific socialism."Marx tells us, he declared, that when a society "has got upon the right track of the natural laws of its movement" it can "neither skip the natural phases of its development nor remove them by legal enactment"; Russia, however, Plekhanov insisted, had not yet entered upon this disastrous track. Western Europe was forced to develop along capitalist lines because the village commune there had disintegrated in the struggle with feudalism; in Russia, though, the village commune had been preserved relatively intact." Later he attacked the course for a socialist revolution, steered by Lenin. He held that the revolution in February 1917, being a bourgeois revolution, was to be the beginning of a long period of capitalist development in Russia. That was why he had a negative attitude towards the Great October Socialist Revolution, seeing it as a "violation of all the laws of history". " (Walicki, A History of Russian Though).Engels commented in January 30, 1895 in a letter to Vera Zasulich that it had been published at a most opportune time. Tsar Nicholas II had just released a statement on January 29 that announced that it was fruitless for the locally elected district councils (Zemstvos), to agitate for any more democratic reforms in the Russian government. Nicholas II had decided to return Russia to the absolute Tsarist autocracy of his father, Alexander III. Under Nicholas II's re-initiation of absolute autocracy, the Zemstvos would become superfluous and basically be abolished. Engels expected this announcement would cause an upsurge in popular protest in Russian and Engels thought the timely publication of Plekhanov's book would augment that popular protest.By the time of its publication, the author was in exile, banned from returning to Russia for 15 years. He wrote the book while staying in London, where he went after being deported from France in 1894 and it appeared legally in Russia under the pseudonym Beltov. Because of the censorship, Plekhanov gave the book, as he put it, the "purposely clumsy" name "monist" without indicating which conception of history-the materialist or the idealist- was meant. Plekhanov's works served the dissemination of proletarian internationalism and the establishment of close ties between the revolutionary movement in Russia and in Western Europe, which is why Lenin pointed to the necessity of studying Plekhanov's philosophical works and insisted on them being republished and included in the "series of compulsory manuals of communism.

[Both works:] (No place but possibly Basel, no printer), 1589. 8vo. In contemporary limp vellum. Extremities with wear and soiling, repair to upper part of spine and back board. Dampstain throughout, primarily affecting first and least leaves. A few worm-tracts throughout, occassionally touching text. (16), 201, (7); 331, (3) + portrait. A most interesting sammelband containing two works on political theory, offering contrasting views on rulers legitemacy and how to exercise power. The two works are: Third Latin edition translated by Sylvestre Tellio of Machiavelli's foundational work of modern political philosophy "The Prince", perhaps published in Basel by Pierre Perna like the two previous 1580-editions or in Montbeliard by Jakob Foillet as suggested by “Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachbereich erschienenen Drucke des 16. Jahrhunderts” (VD 16). Machiavelli’s work is here as usual accompanied with the anonymous influential Huguenot tract "Vindiciae contra tyrannos" first published in 1579 of which authorship is uncertain but is usually attributed to Theodore de Beze, Hubert Languet or Philippe de Mornay. It was published in the Wake of the Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre and seeks through questions to question a King’s legitimatcy: are bound to obey or are able to resist their king when he breaks the divine law? Can the people resist a king on the grounds that he is destroying the commonwealth? Can foreign princes legally support a popular rising against a king on the conditions set out in the first three questions? "The Prince" and "Vindiciae contra Tyrannos" offer contrasting perspectives on the nature of power, the role of rulers, and the relationship between the state and its subjects. Machiavelli's work is pragmatic and focused on the exercise of power, while "Vindiciae contra Tyrannos" is a principled defense of liberty and justice against tyranny. Machiavelli's work is often associated with a cynical view of human nature and politics. He argues that rulers should be pragmatic and willing to act immorally if it serves the interests of the state. "Vindiciae contra Tyrannos" takes a more principled stance on morality, emphasizing the importance of justice and the natural rights of individuals. It argues that rulers are subject to moral constraints and that tyranny is fundamentally unjust. Machiavelli's "The Prince" is notorious for its pragmatic approach to power. Machiavelli argues that a ruler should prioritize stability and order over moral considerations, and he famously states that "the ends justify the means." He advocates for the use of deception, manipulation, and force when necessary to maintain power. "Vindiciae contra Tyrannos," on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of justice and the rule of law. It argues that rulers derive their authority from the consent of the governed and that tyrannical rulers forfeit their legitimacy. The tract provides a theoretical framework for resistance to tyranny, advocating for the right of subjects to resist unjust rule. Adam M-49 Gerber, p. 71, 3. Kress, S. 79.

Augspurg, Eberhard Kletts Wittib., 1761. Contemporary white-dyed sheepskin. Spine with a bit of surface wear, old hand-written paper-label to spine. XXVIII, 317 pp. A stamp inside front free end-paper. Light browning, scattered marginal brownspots, but in general a fine copy. A few leaves in "Vorrede" misbound. The scarce first edition of Lambert's sensational "Cosmological Letters", his most important astronomical work, in which he to a large extent fore-shadowed the documentation of the basic features of the universe that Hershel later carried out.The work became very popular and was translated into French, Russian, and English, and it was later re-written and published as "Systeme du Monde" in Berlin, 1770. "Of special interest among Lambert's astronomical writings - apart from applications of his physical doctrines - are his famous Cosmologische Briefe über die Einrichtung des Weltbaues" (Augsburg, 1761).Not familiar with the similar ideas of Thomas Wright (1750) and with Kant's "Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels" (1755), Lambert had the idea that what appears as the Milky Way might be the visual effect of a lens-shaped universe. On this basis he elaborated a theory according to which the thousand of stars surrounding the sun constituted a system. Moreover he considered the Milky Way as a large number of such systems, that is, a system of higher order…; the "Cosmologische Briefe was a great sensation and was translated into French, Russian, and English. Only when William Hershel systematically examined the heavens telescopically and discovered numerous nebulae and "telescopic milky-ways" did it become obvious that Lambert's description was not mere science fiction but to a large extent a bold vision of the basic features of the universe" (Scriba in D.S.B. VII:598). Kant's mentor (Martin Knutzen) died in 1755, three years before the pre-critical project unfolded. But Kant still had the chance of meeting kindred spirits. One of these was the great philosopher and mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert, whom he admired a great deal. Finally he had encountered a thinker who appreciated both the scientific and metaphysical perspective, who worried about their tensions, and who was searching for a truce. In his "Cosmologische Briefe…" (Cosmological Letters on the establishment of the universe), Lambert worked on the same topic as Kant had worked on in his earlier Universal Natural History. The tasks and results of both works resemble each other, in so far as they were both proposals of integrating Newtonian physics into a larger framework, and they both contained a theory of the dynamic constitution of the universe. Furthermore, as Kant's scientific works should be viewed under the perspective of his general philosophical outlook, so must Lambert's work in physics and astronomy be seen in relation to his general philosophical outlook and his perpetual quest for introducing mathematical exactness into the sciences. "Lambert's efforts to improve communication and collaboration in astronomy were noteworthy. He promoted the publication of astronomical journals and founded "Berliner astronomisches Jahrbuch oder Ephemeriden". Many of the articles that he contributed to it were not published until after his death... He also favored the founding of the Berlin observatory. These suggestions, in line with Leibniz' far-reaching plans for international cooperation of scientific societies, inaugurated a new period of scientific teamwork." (D.S.B., VII:598).

Berlin, 1821. 8vo. A beautiful and excellently made pastiche binding in brown half calf with richly gilt spine and red gilt leather title-label. Previous owner's name to title-page (dated 1909) and a few light pencil-marginalia, otherwise internally very nice and clean with only occasional minor brownspotting. XXVI, 355, (1) pp. A very fine copy. The scarce first edition of Hegel's seminal "The Outline (or later Elements) of the Philosophy of Right", the last of Hegel's major works, which represents the culmination of a life-long interest in politics and political phenomena. Hegel was perhaps more than any other German philosopher influenced by the French Revolution, and this masterpiece of philosophy constitutes a grandiose attempt to make freedom the foundation of human society. "Taken apart from the rest of his system, Hegel's political philosophy has been much misrepresented by totalitarian propagandists. He was, however, one of the most profound and influential thinkers of the nineteenth century. Theology, philosophy, political theory, all have been radically influenced by his system; Strauss (300), Baur (322), Bradley, Kierkegaard (314), Marx (326, 359), Lenin (392), all came under his spell, and his indirect influence has been limitless." (PMM 283).

Erevan, Armenia, Gosizdat, 1936. 8vo. In publisher's original full cloth with title in silver lettering to spine and front board. A picture of Darwin embossed to front board. Extremities with wear and hindges weak. Spine miscoloured and remains of paperlabel to upper part of spine. First quire loose. Internally fine and clean. (2), 765 pp. + frontiespiece and plate with genealogical tree. The exceedingly rare first Armenian translation of Darwin's landmark work.Only two Armenian translations of 'Origin of Species' has been made. The present first a second from 1963, both translations are of the upmost scarcity. Due to the relatively low number of people speaking Armenian (approximately 3 million in Armenia and 7 million outside) books in Armenian were printed in comparatively low numbers. OCLC locates no copies. Freeman 630.R.B. Darwin Online, F630.

S.-Peterburg, Izdanie redaktsii zhurnala "Znanie, 1871. 8vo. In contemporary black half calf with four rasied bands and gilt lettering to spine. Corners of binding with repairs and a three cm long tear to lower front hindge. Light miscolouring throughout, especially to first 10 leaves. (2), VII, (6), 439 pp. The exceedingly rare first Russian translation of Darwin's 'Descent of Man' published only four month after the original English. The Russian publisher was eager to have a translation published, hence this early abridged edition - two other Russian translations followed later the same year - The present translation being the very first into any language. "The Descent of Man showed that the process of organic evolution, propelled by the struggle for existence and natural selection, applied to man no less than to the rest of the animal kingdom. It gave explicit recognition to the idea of the anthropoid origin of man. This claim surprised no one, for it was clearly hinted at in the great work of 1859 and was elaborated in Thomas Huxley's Man's Place in Nature and Vogt's Lectures on Man. Nor was it much of a surprise when three Russian translations of The Descent appeared within one year after the publication of the English original. Two general ideas represented the essence of The Descent: natural selection is not only behind the physical survival of man but also behind the evolution of cultural values; and the differences between animal and human behavior are differences of degree rather than of kind." (Darwin in Russian Thought) "The Expression helped lay the foundations for a scientific study of the psychological aspect of the evolution of species. The book appeared in a Russian translation only a few months after the publication of the English original. The paleontologist Vladimir Kovalevskii was the translator, and the embryologist Aleksandr Kovalevskii was in charge of editorial tasks. In 1874 Vladimir wrote to Darwin that nearly two thousand copies of the Russian translation were sold." " The Expression deals much more extensively with selected aspects of human and animal behavior than with general problems of evolutionary biology. The Russian reviewers were generally impressed with Darwin's descriptions and categorizations of animal behavior. The Journal of the Ministry of Public Education was unusually profuse in praising the book's content and writing style. The reviewer commended Darwin's impartiality and avoidance of "materialistic trappings." Even the adherents of spiritualism could read the book, he wrote, without the least discomfort. The reviewer thought that psychologists would benefit from the information the book presented on the "physiological" basis of behavior. Indeed, he recommended the book to all readers interested in the scientific foundations of human behavior. The liberal journal Knowledgewas equally laudatory. It noted that the book was eminently successful on two counts: it offered a "rational explanation" of many expressions of human emotions, and it integrated the study of animal and human behavior into the universal process of organic evolution. In fact, no educated person could afford to ignore it.N. P. Vagner, professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at St. Petersburg University, called The Expression a book with "great strengths and minor flaws." The volume reminded him of Darwin's previous works, which marked "turning points in the history of science." The strength of the book lay much more in its suggestion of new topics for comparative-psychological research than in a presentation of a theoretically and logically integrated system of scientific thought. Insufficient exploration of the physiological underpinnings of mental activities represented the book's major shortcoming" (Darwin in Russian Thought) In Russia Darwinism had a profound influence not only upon the different sciences, but also on philosophy, economic and political thought, and the great literature of the period. For instance, both Tolstoy and Dostoevsky referenced Darwin in their most important works, as did numerous other thinkers of the period.Like Strakhov, however, Dostoevsky, acknowledging the significance of the "Origin of Species", saw the dangers of the theory. In the same year as the publication of Rachinsky's translation, he lets the narrator in "Notes from Underground" (1864) launch his attack on Darwinism , beginning: "As soon as they prove you, for instance, that you are descended from a monkey, then it's no use scowling, you just have to accept it."In "Crime and Punishment" (two years later, 1866) the Darwinian overtones inherent in Raskolnikov's theory of the extraordinary man are unmistakable. He describes the mechanism of "natural selection," where, according to the laws of nature, by the crossing of races and types, a "genius" would eventually emerge. In general, Darwinian themes and Darwin's name occur in many contexts in a large number of Dostoevsky's works.'Descent of Man' was transted into Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian and Swedish in Darwin's lifetime. Freeman 1107.

Wien, Alfred Hölder, 1889. 8vo. Uncut in the original printed yellow wrappers. Light soiling and a few minor nicks to extremities. A very fine and clean copy. XVI, 239 pp. First edition, rarely seen in the original wrappers, of this important work in which Wieser attempts to apply marginal utility analysis to the determination of cost, thus for the first time fully developing a theory of value. The work "ranks high as an original achievement" and is one of the very earliest to realize the information value of prizes. It is furthermore here that the term "imputation" is coined."It was only with Friedrich von Wieser's book [the present] that an attempt was made to fill the lacuna left by Menger and Böhm-Bawerk. Wieser makes it clear that without a solution to the problem of 'imputation' the new theory would remain incomplete and would be subjected to the widespread criticism that it cannot deal with production. The problem is posed as follows" 'The statement that the productive goods receive their value from the value of their produce suffices only to evaluate [schätzen] the collaborating factors of production as a whole, but not separately. In order to be able to do also this, a rule is needed which allows one to apportion the total produce in detail.'(Wieser, 1889)." (Steedman, Socialism & Marginalism in Economics 1870 - 1930). "[H]e continued to work on the same problems and also on what he regarded merely as a first step toward a theory of value that was to be fully developed in [the present work]. He employed the expository device of studying value in a centrally directed economy and suggested possible applications of utility theory to public finance. The book gained him almost immediate acclaim, and it was soon translated into English" (Frederich von Hayek in IESS)."[In the present work he] worked out the Austrian theories of cost and distribution (he coined the phrase 'Zurechnung', imputation), which Menger had not more than sketched, and this work must in spite of the latter fact and also in spite of glaring faults of technique, rank high as an original achievement. (Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis)"In this work he applied the marginal utility theory not only horizontally, i.e. to trading and exchange, but also vertically, i.e. to production processes. He defined the value of higher goods produced alongside them, thus developing his imputation theory. Wieser, who possessed a certain "obsession with compulsive computability" is recognized as one of the first economist to realize the information value of prices." (Schulak, the Austrian School of Economics). Masui p. 909Menger col. 395.

Altona, J.F. Hammerich, 1807. 8vo. 2 volumes both uncut in the original blank wrappers. Wear to extremities, front wrapper on vol. 1 detached and with tear. Missing ab. half of the paper on spines. Internally fine and clean. XVI, 368; VIII, 358, (1) pp. Rare first German edition of this political and economic classic, which constitutes Malthus' first major publication and his main work, because of which he is considered the father of demography and one of the main sources of inspiration for Darwin and Wallace. It is the first translation of the "Principle on Population" into any language, and it influenced German politics tremendously.The first edition was printed anonymously in London in 1798, and in 1803 the second edition, which, also according to Malthus himself, can be said to constitute a new work, appeared; -the great quarto edition from 1803 is thoroughly revised and much enlarged, the title has been changed and Malthus' name appears on the title-page for the first time, it is on this edition that all the preceding editions are based, and in consequence also the early translations. All the later editions were minor revisions of the second one. In 1806 the third edition appeared, and as soon as 1807 the first German one, which is translated from the revised third edition ("Die gegenwärtige Uebersetzung ist nach der dritten Ausgabe, Oktav, London 1806. Die Quartausgabe ist minder vollständig", Vorwort, p. V). New revisions of the text kept appearing till the sixth edition in 1826. The book, then as now, is considered highly controversial, and it has influenced all demographers ever since, as well as being of immense importance to the study of economic theory and genetic inheritance. "The "Essay" was highly influential in the progress of thought in the early nineteenth-century Europe.... "Parson" Malthus, as Cobbett dubbed him, was for many, a monster and his views were often grossly misinterpreted.... But his influence on social policy, whether for good or evil, was considerable. The Malthusian theory of population came at the right time to harden the existing feeling against the Poor Laws and Malthus was a leading spirit behind the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834." (PMM 251).Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834), called the "enfant terrible" of the economists, was an English demographer, statistician and political economist, who is best known for his groundbreaking views on population growth, presented in his "Essays on the Principle of Population", which is based on his own prediction that population would outrun food supply, causing poverty and starvation. Among other things this caused the legislation, which lowered the population of the poor in England. Malthus actually turned political, economic and social thought upside down with this work, which has caused him to be considered one of the 100 most influential persons in history (Hart, The 100: A Ranking of the most Influential Persons in History, 1978). Of course, he was condemned by Marx and Engels, and opposed by the socialists universally, but the work was of immense impact on not only politics, economics, social sciences etc, but also on natural sciences. "Later in the "Origin of Species" he [Darwin] wrote that the struggle for existence "is the doctrine of Malthus applied with manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms; for in this case there can be no artificial increase of food, and no prudential restraint from marriage" [p. 63]. Alfred Russel Wallace, who arrived at a worked-out formulation of the theory of evolution at almost precisely the same time as Darwin, acknowledged that "perhaps the most important book I read was Malthus's "Principles of Population" (My Life, p. 232). Although there were four decennial censuses before Malthus' death, he did not himself analyze the data, although he did influence Lambert Quetelet and Pierre Verhulst, who made precise statistical studies on growth of populations in developed countries and showed how the early exponential growth changed to an S curve." (DSB, IX, p. 69). As Malthus realized that his theories were not satisfactorily presented or sufficiently demonstrated in the first edition from 1798, he travelled for three years through Europe gleaning statistics, and then published the second edition in 1803. Among other places he travelled through Northern Germany, and his detailed diaries of these journeys provided him with some of the evidence necessary for the development of his theory on population growth. The observational information that he gathered on his travels in Europe were crucial to the development of his theories, which also means that the work is of great interest for other European countries, and not only Britain. "In 1819 the Royal Society elected Malthus to a fellowship. He was also a member of the French Institute and the Berlin Academy, and a founding member of the Statistical Society (1834)." (DSB, IX, p. 67). Printing and the Mind of Man 251 (first edition).

Warszawa, Przegladu Tygodniowego, 1884. Large8vo. In contemporary half calf. Spine with wear, lacking the upper 1 cm. Small stamp to title-page. Hindges weak and back board detached from bookblock. Verso of title-page and first leaf on content. 437, (1), XVI [Including the plate] pp. First edition of the first full Polish translation of Darwin's "Origin of Species". An attempt to publish a Polish translation was made as early as 1873. This was, however, never completed and only half of the work was published (Freeman 739), thus making the present copy the very first full Polish translation. As seen in several other countries (especially in Japan) the majority of Polish intellectuals adopted a Social Darwinism perspective at a very early stage, rather than appreciating the English naturalist's caution in applying his ideas to human society."Before the first translations of Darwin's appeared [...], many Polish intellectuals, such as positivist writer Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841-1910) complained about the increasing confusion over the essence of the English naturalist's ideas, which had all too often been mixed up with all sorts of ideological debates. However, when Darwin's books were actually available in Polish translations, the novelty of his concepts gradually wore off, making room for more serious attempts to come to terms with evolutionary theory." (Glick, The Reception of Charles Darwin in Europe). "It appears that the struggle for or against Darwinism in partitioned Poland prefigured a pattern that is relevant for Polish thinking up to the present day: the conflict of striving for progress with the help of powerful allies abroad and of virulently rejecting all foreign advice for fear of losing one's cultural identity." (Ibid.).Translation was begun by Szymon Dickstein who in the processe of the translation committed suicide. It was completed by Józef Nusbaum who also translated 'The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication' in 1888.Freeman 740

Moscow, Academy of Science, 1935-1959. Royal8vo. In 9 uniform full cloth bindings (albeit with slightly different colours, as published). All volumes with Darwin's signature "Ch. Darwin" embossed in gold to lower right corner of front board. All nine volumes with wear to spines. All nine volumes internally fine and clean (no stamps or brownspotting). XLVII, (1), 604, (4) pp. + 3 folded maps.: 682, (2) pp. + 3 folded maps: X, (2), 831, (1) pp. + 1 folded map.: 883, (1) pp.: 1040 pp. + 1 folded plate.: 696 pp.: 650 pp.: 543, (1) pp.: LVI, 734, (1) pp. The following being the collation of the papers which represent the first Russian translation of the given paper:[Geologija, Eskavajra, Tjlena Korolevskogo obschestva (i.e. 'Manual of Scientific Enquiry']: Vol. 2: Pp. 613-637[Usonogie raki (i.e. 'Living Cirripedia')]: Vol. 2: Pp. 37-87[Lectsii evolutsionnoi teorii (i.e. 'Studies in the theory of descent')]: Vol. 3: p. 755.[Proishozhdenie vidov putem estestvennogo otbora... (i.e. 'On the tendency of species to form varieties')]: Pp. 239-255.[Razlichnye formy tsvetov u rastenii odnogo i togo zhe vida (i.e. 'The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species')]: Vol. 7: Pp. 31-251.[Oplodotvorenie tsvetov (i.e. 'Fertilisation of flowers (Hermann Müller)']. Vol. 6: Pp. 652-654.[Zhizn Erazma Darvina (i.e. 'The Life of Erasmus Darwin')]. Vol. 9: Pp. 251-309. A rare complete run of Moscow's Academy of Science Journal's publication of Darwin's 'Collected Works' containing seven first Russian translations of Darwin's shorter works. -Manual of Scientific Enquiry, Freeman 338, Translated by D. L. Weiss. Annotated by N. S. Shatskiï. 1935-Living Cirripedia, Freeman 341, Translated by N. I. Tarasov. 1936.-Studies in the theory of descent (August Weismann), Freeman 1415, Translated and with notes by S. L. Sobol'., 1939.-On the tendency of species to form varieties , Freeman 370, Translated by A. D. Nekrasov, S. L. Solol, 1939.-Different forms of flowers, Freeman 1302, Translated by A. P. Il'inskiï and E. D. D'yakov, 1948.-Fertilisation of flowers (Hermann Müller), Freeman 1433. Translated by V. A. Rybin., 1950.-Erasmus Darwin (Ernst Krause), Freeman 1324, Translated by V. N. Sukachev., 1959.Freeman 338, 341, 370, 1302, 1324, 1415, 1433,

Kiøbenhaffn, Hans Støckelman oc Andreas Gutterwitz, 1575. Folio. Nær samtidigt hellæderbind med ophøjede bind på ryggen, rig rygforgyldning. Skindtitel senere fornyet. Permer helt intakte, men med krakeleringer i skindets overflade. Titelblad i rødt/sort. Nederste højre hjørne af titelbladet bortrevet, men fint udbedret i faksimile. Fr. II's træskårne portræt trykt på bagsiden af titelbladet. (36),547,(33) pp. Trykt på godt svært papir. Mindre skjolder i nogle marginer til slut, få spredte brunpletter, enkelte tilskrifter. Originaludgaven af den første dansk-sprogede Saxo-Udgave - et monumentalværk i dansk litteratur, idet værket først med Vedels oversættelse nåede frem til den almene læser. The first printed Danish translation of Saxo Grammaticus "Danorum Regum heroumque Historie".Laur. Nielsen 1451 - Thesaurus 205 (Ed. B).