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(Paris), 1919. Folio. With a nice, later paper backstrip. Entire issue 27, 1919 of La Presse Médicale present (pp. 353- 360). Passot's article: 7 columns on pp. 258-261. With one illustration, depicting the ways to reduce wrinkles on a face. Well preserved. The very rare first printing of this pioneering work of plastic surgery - one of the very first - most likely THE first - publication on face lifting, consisting mainly in the elevating and redraping of the facial skin. The first facelift was reportedly done in either 1901 or 1907, but "[n]ot all writers of rhytidectomy spread their innovations through publication; some were teachers instead of writers. Sooner or later, however, those they taught began to write. Giving credit to his masters, Pozzi and Morestin, as well as Mlle. Pertat, Raymond Passot in 1919 described the following technique for eliminating cheek wrinkles and the buccolabial sulcus: First, he began the operation by "withdrawing miniscule amounts of tegument in the preauricular region, using as a limit the lower part of the male's sideburns and the region onto which the mass of the female feair falls...." (Gonzales-Ulloa, The Creation of Aesthetic Surgery, p. 43). The paper is extremely famous, not only due to its great influence, but also because it has come to be regarded as a milestone publication in the history of face lifting, being perhaps the very first publication to describe this now so popular method of rejuvenation. "There is still doubt as to who performed the first facelift, but most sources date it to the first decade of the 20th century.... Hollander... in 1932 stated that his original procedure had been preformed in 1901 for a Polish aristocrat. Lexer, however, reported in 1931 that he had preformed a facelift for and acr´tress in 1906 and that he was unaware of any such operation before that date. Joseph reported in 1921 that he had preformed an operation in 1912 for cerrection of aging cheek tissues in a 48-year-old woman. By the time Hollander, lexer, and Joseph reported their first procedures, a number of other prominent surgeons in Europe, such as Noel, Passot, Morseting... were busy performing cosmetic surgical procedures.... Passot in 1919 published an illustrated article showing sites of elliptic skin excision of the hairline, the forehead, and the temporal and preauricular areas to tighten the skin and an elliptic excision of skin and fat to reduce submental fat deposits." (Neligan, Plastic Surgery, vol. 6, p. 184). "In France, Passot was the first surgeon to describe the submental excision to correct a double chin and multiple facial direct excisions in 1919 in his article "La chirurgie esthétiques des rides du visage". (Panfilov, Aesthetic Surgery of the Facial Mosic, p. 5).

Paris & Genève, Chez J.J. Paschoud, 1809. 8vo. Bound in three nice uniform cont. hcalfbdgs. w. gilt backs, red leather title-labels w. gilt lettering and gilt round green tome-labels on backs. Capitals w. a bit of wear. Internally nice and clean. W. half-titles in all three volumes and advertisement-leaf in vol. one. XIII, (1), 424, (5); (6), 395, (1); (4), 392 pp. First French edition of this political and economic classic, which constitutes Malthus' first major publication and his main work, because of which he is considered the father of demography and the main source of inspiration of Darwin and Wallace.The first edition was printed anonymously in London in 1798, and in 1803 the second edition, which also according to Malthus himself can be said to constitute a new work, appeared; -the great quarto edition from 1803 is thoroughly revised and much enlarged, the title has been changed and Malthus' name appears on the title-page, it is on this edition that all the preceding editions are based, and in consequence also the early translations. All the later editions were minor revisions of the second one. In 1807 the fourth edition appeared, and in 1809 the first French one, which is translated from the revised fourth edition ("A la suite de cette préface on trouve dans la 4.e édition, sur laquelle je traduis, une notice de tous les changements que la 3.e édition a apportés à la 2.e. Le plus considérable est celui qui a rapport à l'estimation de la fécondité des mariages. Il est absolument inutile pour les lecteurs francois de connoître le détail minutieux des autres changemens, qui ne peuvent intéresser que les acquéreurs des précédentes éditions. P.P.p", Préface, p. xxiij). New revisions of the text kept appearing till the sixth edition in 1826.The book, then as now, is considered highly controversial, and it has influenced all demographers ever since, as well as being of immense importance to the study of economic theory and genetic inheritance. "The "Essay" was highly influential in the progress of thought in the early nineteenth-century Europe.... "Parson" Malthus, as Cobbett dubbed him, was for many, a monster and his views were often grossly misinterpreted.... But his influence on social policy, whether for good or evil, was considerable. The Malthusian theory of population came at the right time to harden the existing feeling against the Poor Laws and Malthus was a leading spirit behind the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834." (PMM 251).Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834), called the "enfant terrible" of the economists, was an English demographer, statistician and political economist, who is best known for his groundbreaking views on population growth, presented in his "Essays on the Principle of Population", which is based on his own prediction that population would outrun food supply, causing poverty and starvation. Among other things this caused the legislation, which lowered the population of the poor in England. Malthus actually turned political, economic and social thought upside down with this work, which has caused him to be considered one of the 100 most influential persons in history (Hart, The 100: A Ranking of the most Influential Persons in History, 1978). Of course, he was condemned by Marx and Engels, and opposed by the socialists universally, but the work was of immense impact on not only politics, economics, social sciences etc, but also on natural sciences. "Later in the "Origin of Species" he [Darwin] wrote that the struggle for existence "is the doctrine of Malthus applied with manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms; for in this case there can be no artificial increase of food, and no prudential restraint from marriage" [p. 63]. Alfred Russel Wallace, who arrived at a worked-out formulation of the theory of evolution at almost precisely the same time as Darwin, acknowledged that "perhaps the most important book I read was Malthus's "Principles of Population" (My Life, p. 232). Although there were four decennial censuses before Malthus' death, he did not himself analyze the data, although he did influence Lambert Quetelet and Pierre Verhulst, who made precise statistical studies on growth of populations in developed countries and showed how the early exponential growth changed to an S curve." (DSB, IX, p. 69).As Malthus realized that his theories were not satisfactorily presented or sufficiently demonstrated in the first edition from 1798, he travelled for three years through Europe gleaning statistics, and then published the second edition in 1803. Among other places he travelled through France and Switzerland in 1802, and his detailed diaries of these journeys provided him with some of the evidence necessary for the development of his theory on population growth. The observational information that he gathered on his travels in Europe were crucial to the development of his theories, which also means that the work is of great interest for other European countries, and not only Britain. "In 1819 the Royal Society elected Malthus to a fellowship. He was also a member of the French Institute and the Berlin Academy, and a founding member of the Statistical Society (1834)." (DSB, IX, p. 67). Printing and the Mind of Man 251

Venice, Joannem Herthz, 1744 - 1750. Folio (450 x 325 mm). Twelve parts uniformly bound in six contemporary Cambridge-style mirror binding with six raised bands and richly gilt spines. Bindings with considerably wear and damage (especially vol. 1, 4, 5 and 6) and are in general in need of restaurantion, alternatively new bindings. Internally occassionally affected by dampstains, but otherwise generally nice and clean. Text in Hebrew and Latin in columns. With numerous engravings and vignettes in text. See below for details and collations: Vol. 1 (part 1 & 2): Spine split, front board detached. Lower compartment with loss of leather. First quire detached. Half-title damaged in inner margin. engraved half-title chipped in inner margin, with a bit of loss. Dampstain to upper outer corner throughout, primarily affecting first 55 ff. Occassionally with dampstain to inner and lower margin. 22 ff., 530 columns, 8 ff., 842 columns + frontispiece.Vol. 2 (part 3 & 4): Wear to extremities. Head and foot of spine missing leather, showing headbands. Internally nice and clean. 10 ff., 740 columns, 6 ff., 820 columns, 4 ff.Vol. 3 (part 5 & 6): Wear to extremities. Head and foot of spine missing leather, showing headbands. Internally nice and clean. Vague dampstain to upper margin of first leaves. 10 ff., 1144 columns, 9 ff., 710 columns, 1 ff. + 9 maps and plates.Vol. 4 (part 7 & 8): Spine split. Head and foot of spine missing leather, showing headbands. Vague dampstain to upper margin. 6 ff. 5-730 columns, 11 ff., 736 columns + portrait and 1 map.Vol. 5 (part 9 & 10): Upper and lower part of spine missing leather. Front board detached from book block. Paper creased throughout from previous waterdamage. 5 ff.,1182 columns, 55 ff. 1120 columns + folede plate (with tear).Vol. 6 (part 11 & 12): Lower part of spine missing, upper part partly detached. Hindges weak. Dampstains to margin. 5 ff., 1132 columns, 6 ff. 1108 columns. First twelve parts of Ugolino’s monumental “Thesaurus Antiquitatum Sacrarum” - an encyclopedic collection focusing on the antiquities of the Hebrew people, presenting a detailed exposition of their customs, laws, institutions, and sacred rites. The work is notable for its exhaustive compilation of ancient sacred antiquities related to Jewish history, traditions, and culture and as a crucial resource for scholars studying ancient Jewish culture and religion for centuries. The first eight parts are divided into following themes:Part 1: Festivals Part 2 – 4: General Antiquities. Part 5 – 6: Geography. Part 7 – 12: Priests and temples. Not much is known about Ugolino other than he was an Italian polyhistor, born in Venice around 1700. He is stated to have been a Jewish convert and was certainly well acquainted with Talmudic literature. He is primarily known for the present work.

Kjøbenhavn, Philipsen, 1895. 8vo. Bound with the original printed front-wrapper in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Front free end-paper with previous owner's name (G. Sarauw). With author's presentation inscription to title-page: "Hr. Cand. Sarauw / med venskabelig Hilsen / fra Forfatteren". Withbound is a 15 line letter from Warming: "19.4.95 / Kære Hr. Sarauw / Medfølgende vilde jeg ikke / blot gjerne have / anmeldt i Bot. Centralblad., men ogsaa kritiseret privat af / Dem (De må også / gjerne gøre det offentligt / det er ikke det jeg mener) / da jeg antager, at De / har meget at indvende / og jeg gjerne vil have Bogen / korrigeret før jeg [?] den. Venligst Hilsen / Eug Warming". (i.e. English: ""19. 4. 1895 / Dear Mr. Sarauw / the enclosed I would not only wish to have reviewed in Botanisk Centralblad, but also privately criticized by you (you are of course also welcome to do so publicly—that’s not what I mean), since I assume that you have many objections and I would very much like to have the book corrected before I [?] it. Kind regards / Eug. Warming").Light wear to extremities, otherwise a very nice and clean copy. VII, (1), 335 pp. A magnificent presentation-copy of the first edition of this milestone in the history of ecology, being the first textbook of ecological plant geography ever published and the work that established ecology as a formal scientific discipline. The present copy is inscribed by Warming to G. Sarauw, a Danish-Swedish botanist and archaeologist known for his pioneering interdisciplinary work. Inserted between the front wrapper and the title-page is furthermore a 1-page autograph letter from letter from Warming to Sarauw asking him to criticize and help correct the work before it is published. The letter reveals Warming’s intellectual humility and his scientific approach of peer engagement prior to more formal discussions - not merely seeking publicity or endorsement, but genuinely inviting criticism from a respected peer. The recipient, Sarauw, was a fellow botanist trained in the natural sciences who would later gain fame for his archaeological work at Maglemose, but at the time he was a close colleague within the Danish scientific community. Warming’s ”Plantesamfund” established ecology as a formal scientific discipline on the interaction between organisms and their environment long before the term “ecology” gained general acceptance. The work summed up decades of Warming’s own field research in Brazil, Denmark and Greenland and articulated a structured and comparative approach to vegetation types, ecological adaptations and habitat conditions. Grouping of plants understood not merely taxonomically, but functionally and in relation to their environment, was groundbreaking, marking a decisive turn in botanical science and laying the groundwork for all modern ecology. Biologist R. J. Goodland wrote in 1975: “If one individual can be singled out to be honoured as the founder of ecology, Warming should gain precedence”. (Goodland, R.J. The tropical origin of ecology: Eugen Warming’s jubilee.p. 240-245). “In "Plantesamfund" (1895) - (the work offered) - he formulated the program of his research: "To answer the question: Why each species has its own habit and habitat, why the species congregate to form definitive communities, and why these have a characteristic physiognomy.". The book created an enormous sensation as a new attempt at grouping and characterizing the plant communities - a new phytogeographical term by which Warming meant a group of species forming a physiognomically well-defined unity, such as a meadow. In all essentials the species of a community are subject to the same external conditions arising from the ecological factors. These factors are of a fundamental importance to the ecology ofthe individual plant and the plant community. Considering water to be the most important factor, Warming divided plant communities into four types: hydrophytic, xerophytic, halophytic, and mesophytic." (DSB XIV, p. 181). In the late 19th century a new interest in nature and the complicated interplay between different species and types arose: “This interest in the influence of the environment on plants gave rise to the new field of ecology, pioneered by the Danish professor Eugen Warming (Warming 1895). Warming’s work had wide-reaching impact. British botanist Arthur Tansley was drawn to ecology after reading Plantesamfund (Warming 1895), commenting: “I well remember working through it with enthusiasm in 1898 and going out into the field to see how far one could match the plant communities Warming had described for Denmark in the English countryside. ….” Tansley would later state that: “Though the organisms may claim our prime interest, when we are trying to think fundamentally, we cannot separate them from their special environments, with which they form one physical system” (1935).” (Mabberly, A Cultural History of Plants in the Nineteenth Century, p99) The work was quickly translated into German, French, English Russian, and Polish, and especially the German translation from 1896 became immensely influential, especially in Britain and North America directly inspiring leading ecologists like Arthur Tansley, Henry Chandler Cowles and Frederic Clements. Even today, Warming’s work continues to be read and is widely regarded as the foundational text of the subject, often viewed as the “bible” of ecological science.

Amsterdam, Elzevir, 1648. 4to. In contemporary full vellum over wooden boards with title in contemporary hand to spine. Extremities with wear and soiling, boards spotted and corners bumped. Vellum loosened from edges of boards. Internally with a few occassional marginal annotations in contemporary hand and last blank leaf annotated, but generally internally very fine and clean. [Ortus medicinae:] (32), 88, 87-158, 161-176, 175-382, 373-452, 457-800 pp. + portrait.; [Opuscula medica inaudita:] (8), 110, (2) pp.; [Febrium Doctrina Inaudita:] 115, (1) pp.; [Tumulus Pestis:] 88 pp. First edition of Helmont’s landmark work, in which he discovered gas. His experiment on a willow tree has been considered among the earliest quantitative studies on plant nutrition and growth and constitutes a milestone in the history of biology. "Helmont was one of the founders of gases, and indeed invented the word ‘gas'. He introduced the gravimetric idea in the analysis of urine.” (Garrison & Morton). “In Medicine, he introduced the examination of the specific gravity of urine for diagnostic purposes. He investigated the fluids in the human body and advanced the study of digestion and other physiological changes by discovering acid digestion in the stomach, coming close to identifying gastric acid with hydrochloric acid some two hundred years before the actual discovery of this fact. He also appreciated the significance of bile in the gut digestion. Helmont’s significance in the development of chemistry is perhaps even greater; he was the first to use the term ‘gas’. He realized that ‘gas’ was distinct from air and water vapour, and he distinguished the ‘gases’ derived from various sources, including that which we call carbon dioxide.” (PMM 135). Edited by his son and published posthumously, the present work established his name as one of the founders of biochemistry: “His discovery of digestive juices in the stomach and intestine, and especially his first use of the specific gravity of urine for diagnostic purposes, mark him as a man of no insignificant importance in the history of medicine”. (Heirs of Hippocrates) Johann Baptist von Helmont (1577-1644) was a Flemish chemist, physiologist, and physician known for his pioneering work in early chemistry and medicine. He is often considered one of the founders of modern chemistry and was a significant figure in the transition from alchemy to chemistry: "Helmont devoted his life to exploring the first principles of nature through chemistry. He is best remembered as the discoverer of gas, a term he coined to describe the 'specific smokes' that remain after the combustion of solids and fluids; among the gases he identified were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, chlorine gas and sulphur dioxide. He denied that metals dissolved in acid were either destroyed or transmuted, stating that such metals were recoverable in their original quantities, and correctly identifying the process of precipitation. Like Paracelsus, he rejected traditional humoral pathology and advocated an ontological concept of disease, regarding each disease as a specific entity caused by a specific pathogenic agent. He demonstrated that acid is the agent in animal digestion and came near to identifying it as hydrochloric acid; he also identified the causes of asthma and correctly described fever as a part of the body's natural healing process.” (Norman 1048) Though separately paginated, 'Opuscula medica inaudita' is considered a part of the whole volume. Originally published as a separate work in 1644, 'Opuscula medica inaudita' contains reprints of Helmont's treatises on the stone, on fevers, on the errors of humoral pathology, and on the plague" (Norman 1048).'Ortus Medicinae' was translated into English by Christopher Packe in 1662. PMM 135 Heirs of Hippocrates 254 Osler 2929 Norman 1048 Garrison & Morton 665 Wellcome III, p. 241

New Haven, Conn., J.D. & E.S. Dana, 1887. 8vo. Contemporary half calf. Gilt lettering to spine. A small stamp to top of title-page. In: "The American Journal of Science. Editors James D. and Edward S. Dana", Third series Vol. XXXIV (July to December, 1887). VIII,500 pp., textillustr. and 10 plates. (Entire volume offered). The joint paper: pp. 333-345 and textillustr. (Apparatus). A few faint brownspots to titlepage, otherwise clean and fine. First appearance of this classic paper which announced one of the most celebrated experiments in the history of physics and eventually led Einstein to his Relativity Theory.The experiment was expected to show the rate of the earth's movement through the ether; they looked in vain for a difference between the speed of light in the direction of the earth's motion around the sun and the direction perpendicular to it. The failure of this experiment was a serious blow to classical scientific theories because it cast doubts on the existance of the universal ether which had been a basic principleof, for example, the Newtonian theories of the universe. (Vide PMM: 378, 401, 408).The paper appeared first in the "American Journal of Science" in November (as offered here), and was published a month later in "Philosophical Magazine" in a slightly modified form."Michelson, trained at the U.S. Naval Academy, and Morley, minister turned chemist, began a series of experiments to determine the relation of ether drift and the velocity of light, effects of extremely minute values. They used a slightly silvered glass set angular to a ray of sunlight so that a part ofthe ray was transmitted, a part reflected out and again returned, thereby providing two paths, one perpendicular to the other. If drift existed, the superimposed rays would produce interference. None was observed, showing that the earth's motion did not affect the light's speed. The negative result held revolutionary implications which led directly thru Lorentz and Einstein to the acceptance of new standards of reference of time and space from geometry and cosmometry."(Dibner)In 1919 Einstein met Michelson in California. At a dinner given in honor of them both, Einstein said in a speech "You (Michelson) uncovered an insidious defect in the ether theory of light, as it existed, and stimulated the ideas of H.A. Lorentz and Fitzgerald, out of which the Special Theory of Relativity developed. Without your work this theory would today be scarcely more than an interesting speculation..." In an interview in 1842 Einstein said: "It is no doubt that Michelson's experiment was of considerably influence upon my work insofar as it strengthened my conviction concerning the validity of the Principle of relativity...On the other side I was pretty much convinced of the validity of the principle before I did know this experiment and its result. In any case, Michelson's experiment removed practically any doubt about the validity of the principle in optics and showed that a profound change of the basic concepts of physics was inevitable."Michelson was awarded the 1907 Nobel Prize "for his optical precision instrument (the inteferometer) and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations he has carried on."Dibner: Heralds of Science: 161 (lising the later version from "Philosophical Magazine") - Norman 1505.- Magee "A Source Book in Physics", pp. 369 ff. (the later paper).The volume contains another paper by Michelson and Morley "On a method of Making the Wave-lenght of Sodium Light the actual and practical Standard of Lenght", pp. 427-430.

Amsterdam, Honore, 1705 (+) Amsterdam, Boeteman, 1704. 8vo. In contemporary full calf with four raised bands and richly gilt spine. Tear to upper part of spine. Bookblock bended but still firmly attached to the binding. Title-page and frontispiece (of 'Voyages Du Baron Lahontan') with tears and chipped in margin, partly detached. With a few occassional brownspots and tears in plates.(18), 376, (2), 5-336, (2) pp. + 26 plates (including the frontispiece); (16), 222 pp. + 2 maps and 4 double-page engraved plates. (collation corresponds to Sabin 38641 & 38634). Second Edition, revised and enlarged, of Lahontan’s most famous work being a mix of travel narrative, geographical and ethnographic description and philosophical reflection, providing an account of Lahontan's experiences in New France and the broader North American continent, both containing personal experiences and fictionalized accounts "Although much of the work has been condemned as over-imaginative, it did influence the subsequent growth of primitivism in France and England, as reflected in the works of Montesquieu, Voltaire, Jonathan Swift, and others. For example, he tells of a tribe which he calls Essanapes, who worshiped the sun, the moon, and the stars. Beyond the Essanapes lived the Gnascitares, who lived on the shore of a great lake, and upon this lake were canoes rowed by 200 oarsmen. They had buildings three storeys high and fought battles with the Spaniards in New Mexico. The great king of this country lived in a royal palace waited upon by hundreds of servants. To add weight to this account Lahontan actually drew a map of the region, now located within the boundaries of Nebraska and South Dakota" (Howgego V1-L-54). Louis Armand de Lom d’Arce, Baron de Lahontan (1666–1715), also known as Baron de Lahontan, was a French soldier, explorer and writer. He is best known for his travels in North America and his influential writings, which provide insights into the geography, indigenous cultures and politics of the region during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Sabin 38641 & 38634

Paris, Abraham Picard, 1621. Folio. Nice mottled full calf binding (ab. 1850) with richly gilt spine and gilt title-labels. Minor wear to extremities. Lower blank margin of first two leaves repaired, far from affecting text, and very neatly restored wormhols to lower blank margin to a number of other leaves leaves, barely visible and also far from affecting text (apert from the index, where it touches a couple of letters). A bit of very light scattered brownspotting. All in all a very nice, clean, and fresh copy. Engraved title-vignette, woodcut ornamental borders and large woodcut initials to first leaves. (22), 521, (41, -Index) pp. The very rare editio princeps of one of the single most important "opera" in the history of Western thought, namely the first edition of the original Greek text of the collected works of Sextus Empiricus, a body of writing that came to determine the course of much modern thought, influencing the thought of Bruno, Montaigne, Descartes, and many other pivotal thinkers of the modern era. The present collection of writings constitutes one of the the single most important texts in the history of skepticism, determining the course of modern thought. "No discovery of the Renaissance remains livelier in modern philosophy than scepticism". (Copenhaver & Schmitt, p. 338). "The revived skepticism of Sextus Empiricus was the strongest single agent of disbelief". (ibid., p. 346). "As the only Greek Pyrrhonian sceptic whose works survived, he came to have a dramatic role in the formation of modern thought. The historical accident of the rediscovery of his works at precisely the moment when the skeptical problem of the criterion had been raised gave the ideas of Sextus a sudden and greater prominence than they had ever before or were ever to have again. Thus, Sextus, a recently discovered oddity, metamorphosed into "le divin Sexte", who, by the end of the seventeenth century, was regarded as the father of modern philosophy. Moreover, in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the effect of his thoughts upon the problem of the criterion stimulated a quest for certainty that gave rise to the new rationalism of René Descartes and the "constructive skepticism" of Pierre Gassendi and Martin Mersenne." (Popkin, p. 18)."The revival of ancient philosophy was particularly dramatic in the case of scepticism. This critical and anti-dogmatic way of thinking was quite important in Antiquity, but in the Middle Ages its influence faded [...] when the works of Sextus and Diogenes were recovered and read alongside texts as familiar as Cicero's "Academia", a new energy stirred in philosophy; by Montaigne's time, scepticism was powerful enough to become a major force in the Renaissance heritage prepared for Descartes and his successors." (Copenhaver & Schmitt, pp. 17-18). The work appeared in two variants, one printed in Paris by the Chouet brothers, and the present printed by Picard, also in Paris. No precedence between the two has been established, but the present Picard-printing is the scarcest.

Paris, l'Auteur & Desnos (vol. I), Chec l'Auteur (vol. 2-3), 1761-62. Folio. (34x28,5 cm.). 3 cont. hcalf. Backs worn, tears to spine ends, hinges weakening, corners bumped. Vol.I: 57 double-folio leaves, all engraved including engraved ornamental title in rococo-style (leaves numb. 1-57). - Vol. II: 70 double-folio leaves, all engraved including double-page engraved title (different from the title in vol. 1) + Table des Matieres. - Vol. III: 60 double-folio leaves, all engraved including double-page engraved title (the same as in vol. II) + Table des Matieres (numb. 71-130). With in all 119 handcoloured engraved maps and astronomical plates. Further 68 other plates with tables, text etc. All maps and illustrations having engraved text on both sides. On good thick paper. A few brownspots, some dampstains mainly marginal, 2 plates with small tears, no loss. First edition of this atlas, which could be called an Atlas-series, as the different part were sold separately, thus the first volume, having its own title, deals with the historical development of cosmography, geology, astronomy, oceanography, winds, streams etc. and illustrates this in a series of impressive pictures with globes, spheres, continents, world-systems etc.etc. Having many maps of the continents, globe-projections etc. - Volume 2-3 deals mainly with historical geography and mapping, having 84 handcoloured maps. Another volume was issued dealing with contemporary geography, this is not present here. A fitth volume was announced, but is unknown to the bibliographies. - Phillips No. 628. - Shirley: T-buy 1a-2a.

Kopenhagen und Leipzig, Heinecke und Faber, 1774-75. 4to. Bound in one contemp. hcalf. Raised bands. Lower compartments with scratches. Gilt lineborders on spine. Light wear to spine ends. Spine a bit rubbed. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. Stamp on title-page. (16),328;XVI,244 pp., 1 large folded engraved map (Nyt carte over Island, ved Erichsen og Schönning, 1771), 51 engraved plates, some folding (numb. I-L, + XXX bis). A few scattered brownspots. Occassional light browning. First German edition of the most important description of Iceland in the 18th century, often called the foundation for all later researches on the island, an expedition initiated by the Royal Danish Society. The authors travelled around Iceland in the years between 1752 and 1757 describing the geology, geography, zoology, botany, archaeology, mineralogy etc. as well as the economic conditions.Fiske I,439 - Klose, 598.

Kiøbenhavn, 1763-81. 4to. (25x21,5 cm.).Stort eksemplar på skrivepapir, undtagen bind 1, som er på trykpapir og som sådant i mindre format. Indbundet i 7 samtidige helldrbd. med rig rygforgyldning. Ikke helt uniforme. Bindene noget slidte og med brugsspor, nogle med revner i false. Med alle 296 kobberstukne plancher, kort, prospekter, grundtegninger m.v. (heraf 15 foldekort, incl. det Generelle Danmarkskort). Enkelte kort og plancher med nogle rifter (uden tab). En planche (København) med tab af sidste foldning. Her og der med brugsspor og brunpletter. Originaltrykket af Danmarks topografiske hovedværk.

Wien & Leipzig, Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, 1929. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Very light wear to extremities. First and last leaf with light brownspotting. A very fine and clean copy. XII, (1)-147, (1), [Blank] pp. First edition of Hayek's first book, famously stating that there is a business cycle and that it is caused by the organization of the monetary system - it was later to be known as the Austrian Business Cycle. The present work established Hayek's ideological position within the economic community and laid the foundation for his future career. Here, he wrote of the necessity of the trade cycle and that all economic phenomena present that regular wave-like appearance that we observe in cyclical fluctuations. "For Hayek, the cycle was a virtually unavoidable consequence of a credit economy"; "Hayek's fundamental point is that the business cycle is an unfortunate but unavoidable concomitant of a credit economy". (Bruce Caldwell, Hayek's Collected Works).Hayek's principal investigations in economics concerned capital, money and the business cycle. Ludwig von Mises had earlier applied the concept of marginal utility to the value of money in his Theory of Money and Credit (1912) in which he also proposed an explanation for "industrial fluctuations" based on the ideas of the old British Currency School and of Swedish economist Knut Wicksell. Hayek used this body of work as a starting point for his own interpretation of the business cycle, elaborating what later became known as the Austrian theory of the business cycle.This work was translated into English in 1933 as Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle. In 1974 Hayek shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics with Gunnar Myrdal.Masui p.1277 Cohen 184

Breslau, Löwe, 1785. 8vo. Nice contemporary half calf with five raised bands, gilt lines, and gilt title-label to spine. A bit of wear to extremities. Internally very nice and clean. Printed on good paper. A stamp to title-page (Holsteinborg). Inscribed by the author on front free end-paper. (8)215, (1, - errata) pp. A magnificent presentation-copy of the rare first edition, first issue (with the "S. das Gedicht am Ende des Briefes"-note on p. 11) of this milestone of 18th century thought, one of the most scandalous books of its time, the work that reintroduced Spinoza to a society otherwise dominated by French Enlightenment thinking, and the work that begain the famous "Pantheismusstreit", one of the most important feuds in German philosophy. Presentation-copies by Jacobi are of the utmost scarcity and hardly ever come on the market. The present copy bears a two-line inscription to the famous physician Philipp Hensler, signed "The Author", on the front free end-paper: "Seinem verehrtesten Gönner und lieben/ Freunde, dem Herrn Hensler in Altona/ Der Verfasser". The city of Altona plays a significant role in late 18th century German thought, as many of the most important thinkers of the period pass through there. In the late 18th century, Altona developed into the centre of Enlightenment in Northern Germany. It is here that Jacobi meets Hensel, who comes to play an important role in his life, as is also evident from the present inscription ("honoured benefactor and dear friend"). Philipp Gabriel Hensler (1733-1805) was a famous German doctor, an outstanding physician, who is still famous today for his pioneering work in hygiene statistics and in pox-inoculation. He was so famous in his time that for a time he was the preferred choice for the position of private doctor to the Danish King Christian VII, right up until that historical moment when Struensee was chosen instead. When Struensee was given the position, Hensler was given Struensee's old position as physician in Altona. With the first edition of "Ueber die Lehre des Spinoza" (1785), Jacobi begins the famous "PATHEISMUSSTREIT", which focused attention on the apparent conflict between human freedom and any systematic, philosophical interpretation of reality. In 1780, Jacobi (1743-1819), famous for coining the term nihilism, advocating "belief" and "revelation" instead of speculative reason, thereby anticipating much of present-day literature, and for his critique of the Sturm-und-Drang-era, had a conversation with Lessing, in which Lessing stated that the only true philosophy was Spinozism. This led Jacobi to a protracted and serious study of Spinoza's works. After Lessing's death, in 1783 Jacobi began a lengthy letter-correspondende with Mendelssohn, a close friend of Lessing, on the philosophy of Spinoza. These letters, with commentaries by Jacobi, are what constitute the first edition of "Ueber die lehre des Spinoza". The work caused great furor and the enmity of the Enlightenment thinkers. Jacobi was ridiculed by his contemporaries for attempting to reintroduce into philosophy belief instead of reason, was seen as an enemy of reason and Enlightenment, as a pietist, and as a Jesuit. But the publication of the work not only caused great furor in wider philosophical circles, there was also a personal side to the scandal which has made it one of the most debated books of the period: "Mendelssohn enjoyed, as noted at the outset, a lifelong friendship with G. E. Lessing... Along with Mendelssohn, Lessing embraced the idea of a purely rational religion and would endorse Mendelssohn's declaration: "My religion recognizes no obligation to resolve doubt other than through rational means; and it commands no mere faith in eternal truths" (Gesammelte Schriften, Volume 3/2, p. 205). To pietists of the day, such declarations were scandalous subterfuges of an Enlightenment project of assimilating religion to natural reason... While Mendelssohn skillfully avoided that confrontation, he found himself reluctantly unable to remain silent when, after Lessing's death, F. H. Jacobi contended that Lessing embraced Spinoza's pantheism and thus exemplified the Enlightenment's supposedly inevitable descent into irreligion.Following private correspondence with Jacobi on the issue and an extended period when Jacobi (in personal straits at the time) did not respond to his objections, Mendelssohn attempted to set the record straight about Lessing's Spinozism in "Morning Hours". Learning of Mendelssohn's plans incensed Jacobi who expected to be consulted first and who accordingly responded by publishing, without Mendelssohn's consent, their correspondence - "On the Teaching of Spinoza in Letters to Mr. Moses Mendelssohn" - a month before the publication of "Morning Hours". Distressed on personal as well as intellectual levels by the controversy over his departed friend's pantheism, Mendelssohn countered with a hastily composed piece, "To the Friends of Lessing: an Appendix to Mr. Jacobi's Correspondence on the Teaching of Spinoza". According to legend, so anxious was Mendelssohn to get the manuscript to the publisher that, forgetting his overcoat on a bitterly cold New Year's eve, he delivered the manuscript on foot to the publisher. That night he came down with a cold from which he died four days later, prompting his friends to charge Jacobi with responsibility for Mendelssohn's death.The sensationalist character of the controversy should not obscure the substance and importance of Mendelssohn's debate with Jacobi. Jacobi had contended that Spinozism is the only consistent position for a metaphysics based upon reason alone and that the only solution to this metaphysics so detrimental to religion and morality is a leap of faith, that salto mortale that poor Lessing famously refused to make. Mendelssohn counters Jacobi's first contention by attempting to demonstrate the metaphysical inconsistency of Spinozism. He takes aim at Jacobi's second contention by demonstrating how the "purified Spinozism" or "refined pantheism" embraced by Lessing is, in the end, only nominally different from theism and thus a threat neither to religion nor to morality." (SEP).The first unpaginated leaves contain the first printings of two of Goethe's famous poems: "Das Göttliche" and "Prometheus"(Hagen 577).

(New York), American physical Society, 1965. Lex8vo. In the original printed blue wrappers. In "Physical Review Letters", Volume 15, No. 17, November 15, 1965. Small white paperlabel pasted on to top to back wrapper. Small blue line in ballpoint pen to back wrapper, not affecting text. A nice and clean copy externally as well as internally. P. 689. [Entire issue: Pp. 687-720]. Rare first appearance of Hawking's first published paper, published a year before his Ph.D. was approved. It signposted the beginning of the area of research in black holes and singularities in general. Shortly after the present paper was published, Hawking followed up with three other seminal papers, in which he applied the Penrose-singularity (that a gravitationally collapsing star will inevitably end in a space-time singularity) to the whole universe. This resulted in his famous conclusion that: "Yes, a universe governed by the classical (i.e., nonquantum) general theory of relativity must necessarily have started in a space-time singularity" (Kragh, Cosmology and Controversy).When Hawking began his graduate studies, there was much debate in the physics community about the prevailing theories of the creation of the universe: the Big Bang and Steady State theories. Inspired by Roger Penrose's theorem of a spacetime singularity in the centre of black holes, Hawking applied the same thinking to the entire universe and during 1965, he wrote his thesis and the present paper on this topic. "Hawking [in the present paper] realized that closed trapped surfaces, in its past version, will be present in any expanding Universe close to be spatially homogeneous and isotropic. This started a series of papers by him, Ellis, Geroch and others on the question of the inevitability of an initial singularity in our past if GR is assumed to hold and some reasonable conditions are met." (Senovilla, The 1965 Penrose singularity theorem)

Hamburg, Excud. Iac. Wolffius, impens Paulus Brachfeldus, 1591. 4to. Senere halvpergament med mønstret papir over permerne. Professionelt restaurerede revner ved de først to blade, intet tab. Titelblad jævnt brunet, ellers blot en smule lettere brunpletning i margin af nogle blade. (28), 176, (7) pp. Pp. (76)-(77) udgør den kobberstukne planche (lidt tæt beskåret ved marginerne), der afbilder Jellingstenen. Tre store træskårne illustrationer i teksten. Træskårne initialer og vignetter. 4to. Later nice half vellum vith patterned paper over boards. Neatly repaired tear to first two leaves, no loss. Title-page evenly browned, otherwise only a bit of occasional minor marginal brownspotting. (28), 176, (7) pp. Pp. (76)-(77) constituting an engraved plate (a bit shaved at margins). Three large woodcut illustrations (ab. 1/2-page) in the text. Woodcut initials and vignettes. The exceedingly rare first edition of the work in which we find the first depiction of the Jelling Stone, also known as "Denmark's birth certificate", and its famous rune inscription for the first time in print. The work is of exceptional importance to Danish history and specifically important to our current knowledge of the Jelling Stone and where it was placed. The Jelling stone is a massive carved runestone from the 10th century, found at the town of Jelling in Denmark. It was raised by King Gorm's son, Harald Bluetooth in memory of his parents, celebrating his conquest of Denmark and Norway, and his conversion of the Danes to Christianity. The runic inscriptions on these stones are considered the best known in Denmark and are of the utmost importance to the history of the country. The seminal Jelling Stone is often called "Denmark's birth certificate", because Denmark is named in the inscription and also because the stone is a clear material proof of the change in religion - from paganism to Christianity. Furthermore, it is strongly identified with the creation of Denmark as a nation state. The inscription translates thus: "King Harald ordered these kumbls made in memory of Gorm, his father, and in memory of Thyra, his mother; that Harald who won for himself all of Denmark and Norway and made the Danes Christian". Not in Brunet ; Graesse: IV:218 (note); Adams: 731 (erroneously lists three plates).DANSK BESKRIVELSE:Den yderst sjældne originaludgave af dette værk om "De mærværdige Begivenheder, som har fundet Sted i Europa mellem 1586 og 91", i hvilket vi finder den første afbildning af Jellingstenen samt sammes indskrift for første gang på tryk. Værket er således af største betydning for dansk historie og endog af konkret betydning for vor nuværende viden om Jellingstenen og dens placering."1586 endelig blev Jællinge-Runestenene en almindeligere Gjenstand for bevarende og undersøgende Opmærksomhed, hvilket baade var en Frugt af de tidligere Bestræbelser, - der dog ganske vist ikke havde indskrænket sig til blot ovenstaande, som er det nu derom bekjendte - og en Opfordring til mere, og navnlig blev det Anledningen til, at der skete en god Begyndelse med at føre vore Runestenes Indskrifter ind i Litteraturen. Det var Lensmanden paa Koldinghus , den navnkundige Kaspar Markdanner, der har den Fortjeneste at have ført Jællinge-Stenene frem af set Skjul, hvori de, om ikke saa lige glemte, vare hensunkne. Ifølge en i Jællinge Kirke indsat Tavle lod han 1586 den store Runesten "opgrave paa Kirkegaarden" og opsætte. Den mindre Sten nævnes just ej ved den Lejlighed med Hensyn til, hvad Markdanner lod foretage, men Grunden er vistnok, at den ikke var större eller tungere, end at den ikke ved sin egen Vægt kunne være dybt sunket i Jorden, og at den til samme tid har tildraget sig Opmærksomhed. I nogle endnu bevarede samtidige Optegnelser af Ar. Huitfeldt kaldes den, i det dens Indskrift der er blevet optaget, "Stenen ved Kirkedören", og begge Indskrifter, baade den store Stens og den "in parvi lapide", blev strax meddlete i et Skrift, som paa den lærde Henr. Rantzaus Foranstaltning blev udgivet 1591 af P. Lindeborg, angaaende de mærkelige Begivenheder, der havde fundet Sted i Europa 1586-91. Der er forsøgt en Fortolkning af Indskrifterne, og der er tilföjet en vel udført Afbaldning af Höjene med Kirken og Omgivelserne i det hele. Denne er endnu ikke uden Værd, da den viser os en Udstyrelse med omgivende Stene, som tidenikke har bevaret, og navnlig ovenpaa den mindre Höj en meget stor Sten, som udtrykkelig siges ikke at være synderlig mindre end den store Indskrift-Sten... Lindeberg indførte ogsaa ovennævnte Afbildning af Jællinge-Stenene med de nødvendigste didhørende Oplysninger i et Skrift, som han kaldte "Hypotyposisarcium, palatiorum... - dog ikke i sammes 1. Udgave 1591, men da det anden Gang blev trykt..." (P. G. Thorsen, De danske Runemindesmærker, 1864, Bd. 1, pp. 30-32).Ikke nævnt i Thesaurus, som fejlagtigt hævder, at den første afbildning af Jellingstenen forekommer i andenudgaven af samme forfatters "Hypotyposis" fra 1592 (se Thesaurus 216).

Paris, Impremerie du depot des lois, An II (1793). 4to. In contemporary half calf with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Wear to extremities. Upper part of back hinge split, with minor loss of letters. Small dampstain to upper inner margin, otherwise a nice copy. (2), VII, (2)-116, 100, 8 pp. Exceedingly rare first edition of this highly interesting document being the Code of the Committees of Surveillance containing 106 regulations and guidelines for the functioning of these committees during the French Revolution. The Committees of Surveillance were established during the Reign of Terror (September 5, 1793 - July 27, 1794), as part of the revolutionary government's efforts to identify and suppress counter-revolutionary activities. These committees were tasked with monitoring individuals' behavior, enforcing revolutionary laws and ensuring loyalty to the revolutionary government. The document outlines the powers, duties, and procedures of these committees, as well as the penalties for those found to be opposing the revolution, providing a unique and fascinating insight into the legal and administrative framework of revolutionary France – arguable one of the most profound and radical moments in modern European history. The Committee of Surveillance in France during 1793 was established as a part of the radical phase of the French Revolution. Its function was to oversee and monitor the activities of suspected counter-revolutionaries and enemies of the Revolution, as well as to enforce laws related to internal security and revolutionary principles. The committee was tasked with identifying individuals or groups deemed to be a threat to the revolutionary government, often leading to arrests, interrogations, and, in some cases, executions by the Revolutionary Tribunal. It played a significant role in the Reign of Terror, a period marked by extreme political violence and repression in France. The present work is of the utmost scarcity. We have not been able to trace a single copy at auction, and OCLC only lists one copy (in Paris). Nadaillac, Catalogue d’une Collection Importante Sur la Revolution Francaise 724

Genff, Widerhold, 1681. Folio (340 x 210 mm). Recently bound in a magnificent pastiche-binding of brown half calf with gilt red leather title-label to elaborately gilt spine. Vellum corners. Title-page with stains. A few marginal repairs, not affecting text. (8), 82 pp. Exceedingly rare first German translation of Chardin’s “Le Couronnement de Soleimaan troisieme” (1671) - his report on the coronation of the new Persian king and what happened during the first years of his reign. Returning to Persia on the way home to Europe, Chardin witnessed the coronation of Suleiman III in 1669. Chardin’s works are considered some of the finest works of early Western scholarship on Iran and the Subcontinent in general, and the present work offered Europe a rare glimpse into the customs of the Royal house of Persia. “Chardin details the ceremonies in [the present work], with a preface that laid out the parallels between the French and Persian monarchies. Chardin portrays a filial bond between the two monarchies. The Persian shah, he declares, calls “Your Majesty [Louis XIV] his brother” due to their shared grandeur. Chardin proclaims, “The Kind of France is the greatest Emperor in Europe as he [the shah] is the most powerful Prince in Asia.” He emphasizes his admiration for Persia and its likeness to France: “Of all the vast Empires of the Orient … there is not one that should not yield to Persia, for the temperature of the air, for genius that is more reasonable than other places and is closest to our own, and for all the excellent and rare things that are found there in abundance.” (Mokhberi, The Persian Mirror) Born in Paris in a Hugenot (Protestant) family, Jean Chardin (1643-1713) undertook his travels to Persia because of his father's position as a jeweler and shareholder in the French East India Company. Chardin set out in 1664, traveling through Turkey, the Black Sea, Georgia and Armenia. Soon after his arrival in Persia he received a commission to create jewelry for Shah Abbas II, who died in 1666 and was succeeded by Shah Safi. After witnessing the latter's coronation [Described here], Chardin went on India and finally returned to Paris in 1670. In 1671, he published an account of the coronation and in the same year set off for Persia again, arriving in Isfahan in 1673 and remaining there for several years, before once more visiting India and returning home in 1677. With the persecution of the Hugenots in France, he moved to England in 1680. "Travel restarted with 17th-century missionaries, whose medical and pedagogical expertise helped counterbalance Orthodox (or pagan) reservations. Dominican Prefects Dortelli D'Ascoli and Giovanni da Lucca (1630s) extended Giorgio Interiano's description of Circassia (and Abkhazia). Theatine proselytisers targeted Mingrelia/western Georgia (Capuchins the eastern provinces) - the Vatican's Fide Press further contributed by printing the first Georgian books (Chikobava/Vateishvili). Many, including mission-head Don Pietro Avitabile (1626-1638), recounted their experiences. Prefect to Mingrelia, Joseph Marie Zampi, a 23-year denizen from approximately 1645, contributed a third significant source in his description of Mingrelian religious practice. This he handed to Jean Chardin (1643-1713) in 1672. A French traveller who became English(!) ambassador in Holland, Chardin translated and incorporated it as a substantial part of his own description of a sometimes perilous journey through Transcaucasia (1672-3), which reflects Ottoman and Persian influence in western and eastern parts, respectively - a Turkish organized slave-trade flourished from various Mingrelian ports. Linguistically, Zampi revealingly observed that the ecclesiastical language, Georgian, was as difficult for even the Mingrelian priesthood to understand as Latin was for Italian peasants!" (Speake, The Literature of Travel and Exploration, 1, 199-202). (Brunet I, 1802 – A later French edition). (Graesse II, P. 121).

Paris, Francois Regnault, (1520). 8vo. Bound in a splendid contemporary full goatskin binding with raised bands to richly blindstamped spine. Remains of paper title-label to spine. Boards with blindstamped double line-borders and oval kamé-centre-pieces with the famous Apollo and Pegasus. The clouds are in relief, the wheel of the carriage has four spokes, Apollo's clothing covers almost the entire body, the front of the whip is above the head of the horses, and the top front leg of the horse is close to straight. Boards covered in rich ornamental gilding and with gilt Greek lettering around the kamés. Neat professional restoration to spine and hinges and renewed cords. A lovely contemporary full goat binding from Venice with later elaborate ornamentation over the original. First and last leaves with a bit of soiling and brownspotting. (16), 396 ff. With the woodcut printer's device of Regnault to title-page and verso of final leaf. A lovely copy of one of the so-called pseudo-Canevari-bindings. In the 1870'ies, the name Demetrio Canevari started appearing in connection with a certain style of Renaissance bindings that all contained books printed before 1520, many from the 1540'ies. They all have certain traits in common: olive green or brown or dark red morocco, a certain type of gilding and an oval centre-piece depicting Apollo in his chariot and Pegasus on a cliff. In the 1930'ies, about 90 volumes of these bindings were known and they were all paid for with extremely high prices. Demetrio Canevari was born in 1559 and became the life doctor of Pope Urban VII. He ammassed a library of 5.000 volumes and died in Rome in 1625. The Jesuits ended up inheriting most of the remaining library in 1844, and by 1891, two librarian could conclude that there were 2.000 volumes left. Amongst those 2.000 volumes, there was not a single one bound in what we now call the Canevari-style. How they have come to be detremined as such has been somewhat of a mystery. But at the beginning of the 20th century, the mystery was solved by the librarian and professor Fumagalli - the alleged provenance of the bindings was simply made up by a daring antiquarian bookseller, who was also a book thief, the famous Count Libri Carrucci. He invented a provenance and a story for what he wanted to sell. In his catalogue from 1859, he had three books with the Apollo-centrepiece, all described with an unknown provenance. In his catalogue from 1862, these bindings were now described as coming from either Mecenate or Demetrio Canevari. This was quickly picked up by other antiquarian booksellers, and by 1883, Quaritch announced that these bindings presumably came from Demetrio Canevari's father Mecenate. It soon became a stable fact in the book world that these poetic bindings wth the "super ex-libris" came from Canevari's collection. They became a matter of mythical status and the Canevari-bindings were mentioned with the same awe at the collections of kings and popes. These magnificent bindings stamped with the distinctive Apollo and Pegasus medallion were thus celebrated long before their original Renaissance owner was correctly identified, namely as Genoese Giovanni Battista Grimaldi. This also opened the path for a highly skilled book-binder to make forgeries that would long be misten for originals. It turned out, as Fumagalli woud unravel, that a bookseller (M.) and a book binder (Villa) had set up a business together forging old book bindings, among them the so-called Canevari-bindings. Several dealers, among them Quaritch in London, bought these, not knowing they were forgeries, and sold them on. The crave for so-called Canevari-bindings did not die, however, and even the forgeries are now highly sought after. Due to extensive research, they are now fairly easy to distinguish from the originals (that still have nothing to do with Canevari) as they vary in size and stamping manner, but are still of very high quality and are utterly charming. The myth surrounding these magnificent bindings make them even more desired, as they occupy a central place in the history of book binding and book collection. The original Canevari-bindings are extremely rare on the market, as are the forgeries. In all, 144 bindings with the Apollo and Pegasus medaillion have been identified to be original, whereas Wittock 1998 lists 45 falsified ones. These are all of great interest to the serious binding collector. This book is nr. 57 in Fumagalli's register. It has belonged to the director of applied art in Frankfurt, F. Luthmer, who bought it in 1885 in Milan. It was sold in 1921 by David and Orioli in London. In 1922 it featured in Ernst Fischer: The History of the Binding, described as a book from Canevari's library. It is depicted and described as nr. 3. in Anker Kyster's study of fake Canevari-bindings from 1934.

Copenhagen, Joachim Schmitgen, 1709. Folio (398 x 260 mm). In a magnificent full brown morrocco binding with five raised bands, richly gilt spines, elaborate gilt borders to boards, inner gilt dentelles, gilt capitals and gilt ornamentation to edges of boards. All edges gilt. Binding signed by Anker Kyster. Sunning to spine and a few scratches to boards. A very nice wide margined copy. (10), 112, (11), (2), 36, (29) pp. + 7 large folded plates (including the frontispiece). Plates numbered A-F, by Andreas Reinhardt after Gottfrid Fuchs. The frontispiece was drawn by J.S. Ebert. Five of the plates bear dates, which range from 1704 to 1707. The frontispiece and plate C incorporate a portrait of Gyldenlöve. Plate A shows the casket being taken off an illuminated ship at night. Plate B, the procession through Copenhagen (4 joined sheets, 1850 mm). Plate C, closely trimmed with professional repair to inner margin, shows the laying in-state, Plate D (3 joined sheets 1470 mm) shows the funeral ceremony with the catafalque. Plate E (3 joined sheets, 1600 mm), shows the procession leaving the church with the casket. Plate F, closely trimmed with minor loss of text, shows the casket. The very scarce first appearance of one the most magnificent of all funeral books and one of the finest examples of Danish book production in general. In a grandiose baroque-style, the work documents the funeral procession of King Christian V’s young son Christian Gyldenløve’s, Count of Samsø. The procession through Copenhagen and final burial in Church of Our Lady took place in the evening, which is why the plates were printed in dark tones. Christian Gyldenløve, Count of Samsø (1674-1703), was a Danish nobleman and military officer. He was the illegitimate son of King Christian V of Denmark and his mistress Sophie Amalie Moth. Christian Gyldenløve was born on November 28, 1674, in Copenhagen, Denmark.Gyldenløve had a military career and achieved the rank of colonel. He participated in various military campaigns and battles, including the Scanian War (1675-1679) against Sweden. He commanded his own regiment and gained a reputation as a skilled and brave officer.In addition to his military duties, Christian Gyldenløve held several noble titles. In 1698, he was appointed Count of Samsø, which is a Danish island located in the Kattegat Sea. He also held the title of Lord of Rosenborg. Tragically, Christian Gyldenløve's life was cut short at the age of 28. He died on July 16, 1703, during the Battle of Thorn (modern-day Torun) in Poland, while fighting in the service of the Polish king against the Swedish forces. His premature death was a source of sorrow for his family and the Danish court to which this lavishly printed book is a testament to. The work was printed in 275 copies. Dansk Boghåndværk gennem Tiderne 75. Bibliotheca Wegeneriana 2189

(London, Harrison & Sons, 1909). Large 4to. Original printed wrappers; wrappers loose and with lack of paper, mostly to back wrapper, which is quite chipped and nicked, with tears, and lacking a bigger part of the upper right corner. Front wrapper merely lacking a few smaller pieces at the top, not affecting the presentation inscription. Pp. 281-317. Extremely scarce first edition, off-print issue with presentation-inscription, of Bohr's first published paper, constituting his only ever work in experimental physics. "His first research project, a precision measurement of the surface tension of water by the observation of a regularly vibrating jet, was completed in 1906, when he was still a student, and it won him the gold medal from the Academy of Sciences. It is a mature piece of work, remarkable for the care and thoroughness with which both the experimental and theoretical parts of the problem were handled." (DSB).The work is inscribed to renowned Danish physicist and meteorologist Dan la Cour (1876-1942), son of the great Poul la Cour (1846-1908), who is considered the "Danish Edison". The inscription reads as thus: "Hr. Docent D. la Cour/ ærbødigst/ fra/ Forfatteren." [In Danish, i.e.: "Mr. Assistant Professor D. la Cour/ with great respect / from/ the author."].Dan la Cour was the assistant of Niels Bohr's father, Christian Bohr, and a well known scientist. From 1903, he was head of the department of the Meteorological Institute, and from 1923 leader thereof. From 1908 he was Associate Professor at the Polytechnic College. His original scientific works are highly respected, as are his original apparati for measuring earth magnetism which are considered highly valuable. "His original intelligence, which in many ways resemble that of his father, also bore fruit in his patenting of various inventions: the "Pyknoprobe", developed to quickly determine the different layers of the sea; a use of termite in quickly heating food and drinks out in the open under unfavourable weather conditions." (From the Danish Encyclopaedia - own translation). He wrote a number of important and esteemed works and was member of the Danish Scientific Academy as well as many prominent international scientific commissions of meteorology and geophysics (i.e. president of the International Geodetical and Geophysical Union). He was also honorary Doctor at the George Washington University. This Bohr's fist paper grew out of a work which Bohr did in 1906, and for which he won a gold medal from the Academy of Sciences. The subject was to experimentally investigate a method, proposed by Lord Rayleigh, for measuring the surface tension of water by the observation of a regularly vibrating jet. "Bohr [...] included in his work essential improvements on Rayleigh's theory by taking into account the influence of the liquid's viscosity and of the ambient air, and by extending the earlier theory from infinitesimal to arbitrary large vibration amplitudes. In order to execute his experiments he had first of all to cope with one complication. The university had no physics laboratory." (Pais, p. 101). Bohr thus constructed many of the instruments himself using his father's laboratory. ""I did the experiments completely alone alone in the physiological laboratory... it was a great amount of work", which was technically demanding." (Pais, p. 102). In spite of being Bohr's only ever work in experimental physics, it documents his deep understanding of the methods of experimentalists."On 23 February 1907 the Academy notified him that he had won its gold medal. In 1908 he submitted a modified version to the Royal Society in London. It was his first and last paper on experiments he himself performed. His second publication was his last to deal with surface tension of liquids; it was purely theoretical. Both papers were favorably referred to in later literature.The manuscript of the prize essay, never published in its original form, is preserved in the Bohr Archives. It is handwritten, by Harald Bohr [i.e. his brother]." (Pais, p. 102), Rosenfeld, Bohr Bibliography No. 1. Rosenfeld, Dictionary of Scientific Biography II, pp. 239. Pais, Niels Bohr's Times, pp. 101-02.

Tübingen, J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1916. Lex 8vo. Uncut and unopened in the original printed wrappers. A stain to the front wrapper, from the removal of a bookplate on verso, which has also removed some of the advertisement-print to the top of the inside of front wrapper. Apart from this removed book plate the only real flaw that the copy has is a vertical break down the middle of the spine, from opening the block. Otherwise there is just minimal edgewear and slight brownspotting to the title-page. Inscribed by Heidegger "Vom Verfasser/ M.H." to top of title-page. (8), 245 pp. The scarce first edition, extremely rare presentation-copy, of Heidegger's Habilitationsschrift, in which he introduces his "Hermeneutik der Fakticität". In 1913 Heidegger was given a Ph.D. for his work "Die Lehre vom Urtheil im Psychologismus". Already in 1915 he had written his Habilitation on Duns Scotus, which was published the following year, in 1916. These two works, together with a few articles from the same period, constitute the beginning of Heidegger's path towards the question of being - the subject because of which he later became the most famous philosopher of the 20th century, establishing the philosophy that has dominated Western thinking ever since. Heidegger's Habilitation was supervised by Heinrich Rickert, and as the title indicates, it dealt with the categories of theory of meaning of Duns Scotus. The work, around which the dissertation revolved, was the "Grammatica Speculativa", which was then ascribed to Duns Scotus but which is now considered a work by Thomas von Erfurt. The "Grammatica Speculativa" is a work about types of ways of expressions in language and the corresponding ontological categories. Heidegger's interest in this shows an early interest in the relationship between language and being. Here, he attempts to unite a Medieval signification theory with neo-Kantian logical theory and the intentionality of Husserl, which was then in the beginning of its influence. It is generally accepted that Heidegger already in his Habilitation anticipates his seminal account of Dasein later fully developed in "Sein und Zeit". Though Heidegger's Habilitation has been overlooked for many years, it is now widely believed that there is a very direct connection between Scotus, Thomas of Erfurt, Husserl and Heidegger, leading the young Heidegger directly towards his "hermeneutical intuition" and being closely connected to the ideas that he develops fully in "Sein und Zeit".The work itself is very rare in the first printing, and when seen, it is often in bad condition and/or lacking the wrappers. Inscribed copies are of the utmost scarcity.

Venice, Bartholomaeus de Zanis, April 16, 1505. 8vo (19x13,5 cm). Bound in a lovely 20th century full calf binding with three raised bands to spine. Blindstamped ornamentations to spine and simple, elgant blindstamped ornamention to boards and "BUR/LAMAC/CHI" in blindstamped lettering to lower back board. Spine darkened and leather at hinges worn. A nice, charming, and solid binding, presumably from the collection of Maurizio Burlamacchi. Light soiling to first and last leaves and a small repair to lower blank margin of final leaf and tiny restoration to blank margin of AIII and AIIII. Overall nice and clean. First three leaves with a few later annotations. Beautifully printed, on good paper, with numerous lovely woodcut ornamental capitals throughout. 82 ff. Exceedingly scarce, beautifully printed post-incunable. This "Mirror of Prudence" by the hermit monk Beltrame da Ferrara was seemingly printed for the first time around 1490 (at least according to Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke), but be have not been able to trace a single copy of that edition anywhere. It is not listed at all on OCLC and is seemingly not in any libraries anywhere. We have also not been able to find it sold at auction ever, and we have not found mention of it in any other bibliographies. The present edition printed in 1505 is of the utmost scarcity with only four copies in libraries worldwide and no other copy listed in auction records. We have also not been able to find it mentioned in any bibliographies (apart from Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke - 03807). This moral work that teaches the importance of careful consideration, thoughtful planning, and the ability to learn from experience in order to make wise and ethical decisions in all aspects of life was written some time between late 14th century and ca. 1440, when Beltrame da Ferrara died. He was a monk in the congregation of San Piero in Pisa, and in 1404, he took over the leadership of the hermit convent of S. Felicitatis de Romano. The Burlamacchi family is an ancient family from Lucca. Mauritzio Burlamacchi (1930-2016) was a known bibliophile and collector, specialised in early printed works. He is the author of a book on the spas of Lucca and historical lecturer. In 2006, he was accepted into the Order of Malta as a Knight of Honour and Devotion.

Paris, Buisson, (1796/97) - An Cinquième De La République. 8vo. Very nice contemporary half calf with gilt spine. Minor, barely noticeable repair to upper capital and slight bumping to corners. A very nice and clean copy, with only very minor brownspotting. Printed on good paper. With the half-title (bearing the "Décret concernant les Contrefacteurs" on verso). Book plate of Guy de Portuales to inside of front board. (4), 411, (1) pp. The very rare first edition of Diderot's famous novel, "The Nun", which was actually begun as an elaborate practical joke, but which ended up as one of the most famous novels of the period. A great succes-de-scandale, "The Nun" has both fascinated and unsettled the vast reading public since its first appearance. It started out as a series of letters from a fictitious character, the nun Suzanne, to one of Diderot's friends, the Marquis de Crosmare (who Diderot was trying to lure back to Paris), describing her intolerable life in the convent and imploring him to help regain her freedom and her renounce her vows. The fictitious letters were later revised and written in to the novel that we know today. The work was completed in ab. 1780 and was published posthumously in 1796/97, attracting enormous attention and bringing to light a number of issues that had not previously been publically addressed. It focuses on the then-current practice of forcing young women into convents in order to get them out of the way, on the unnatural life of the convents, and on the corruption in religious institutions and among the clergy. As such, it caused an outrage when it appeared and and became an instant succes-de-scandale. "A novel mingling mysticism, madness, sadistic cruelty and nascent sexuality, it gives a scathing insight into the effects of forced vocations and the unnatural life of the convent. A succes de scandale at the end of the eighteenth century, it has attracted and unsettled readers ever since. For Diderot's novel is not simply a story of a young girl with a bad habit; it is also a powerfully emblematic fable about oppression and intolerance. This new translation includes Diderot's all-important prefatory material, which he placed, disconcertingly, at the end of the novel, and which turns what otherwise seems like an exercise in realism into what is now regarded as a masterpiece of proto-modernist fiction." (From the Oxford University Press edition, 2005). Tchemerzine IV:471

S.-Peterburg, Typografiya M.M. Ctasiulevitsa, 1882. 8vo. Bound in an elegant recent red half calf binding, in pastiche, with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Heavily underlined thoughout in blue and red. Title-page repaired at inner hinge, far from affecting text. No stamps. (4), 312 pp. The exceedingly scarce first edition of this landmark work of Russian economics, being Vorontsov's seminal pre-revolutionary book "The Fate of Capitalism in Russia", which constitutes, not only the first serious attempt at analyzing Russian capitalism, but also one of the earliest (and the first Russian) theoretical statements of the assumption of economic development along non-capitalist lines. Vorontsov, together with Danielson - who was greatly inspired by the present work - is considered the major exponent of Narodnik (and pre-revolutionary) economics, of which the present work is essentially the epitome. "In the 1880's, after the revolutionaries had clearly abandoned their indifferences to political forms, legal Populism became a distinctly separate movement with its own ideology. The common denominator linking the often very different members of this movement was the postulate of noncapitalist industrialization to be initiated and directed by the state, which would safeguard the interests of the small producers. The leading and most characteristic representative of this trend was V. P. Vorontsov (1847 - 1918). His book [the present] was the first ambitious attempt to analyze the specific features of Russian capitalism; at the same time, it was an original statement of the theoretical assumptions of economic development along noncapitalist lines." (Walicki, A History of Russian Thought)Vorontsov argues that that Russia's lack of an adequate internal market and the continued vitality of the peasant commune in Russia precluded any possibility that capitalism could ever supplant the agrarian economy that existed there; the process of industrialization had been initiated in Russia but the backwardness compared to the rest of Europe meant that the industrialized mode of production would be kept in Europe, meaning Russia would have to import instead of export goods and thereby be kept on a comparatively low industrialization level due to the lack of internal market. Vorontsov, however, saw this as a not necessarily negative development. He wrote: "The countries which are latecomers to the avenue of history have a great privilege in comparison with their foregoers, a privilege consisting in the fact that the accumulated historical experience of other countries enables them to work out a relatively true image of their next step and to strive for what others have already achieved not instinctively but consciously, not groping in the dark but knowing what should be avoided on the way." [From the present work].Vorontsov was one of the first Russian economists to study the works of Karl Marx, the historical materialism of whom he was strongly influenced by. Vorontsov, inspired by Marx, maintained that crises are caused by production of surplus value, which becomes the real purpose of the economy under capitalist relations. The "problem of the home market" and the excess of production over consumption are manifestations of the fact that the capitalist class is not in a position to consume the entire surplus value produced. Vorontsov had therefore worked out a Marxist version of the underconsumption approach, which converged with the one first introduced by Malthus: Crises emanate from "over-saving," or, in Marxist terms, from the inability of the capitalists to consume surplus value."The views of the other Marxist theoreticians of the Narodnik current, first and foremost Nikolai Danielson, who in 1891 presented his theses in comprehensive form in his "Outlines of our Social Economy after the Reform" converged with the basic conclusions of Vorontsov's analysis: inability of the economy to absorb the product generated owing to capitalism's inherent tendency to increase production beyond society's ability to consume. Within this framework, Danielson is nevertheless to be distinguished from Vorontsov as regards the factors that cause underconsumption: contraction in the purchasing power of the popular masses (and not the inability of capitalists to consume the surplus value)." (MILIOS, Tugan-Baranowsky and Effective Demand)The present work had a profound influence upon the Narodnik movement and is considered the movements economic background. It is commonly rendered as "populism" or "peopleism", an ideology which took "peasant collectivism as a vehicle for non-capitalist development in Russia. The Narodnik movement developed along two paths: The intellectual, media based approach (The most influential and to which Vorontsov belonged) and the revolutionary agitation against the Tsardom. Though their movement achieved little in its own time, the Narodniks were in many ways the intellectual and political forebearers of the socialist revolutionaries, who went on to greatly influence Russian history in the 20th century.

Tokyo, Kaizosha, 1927-1928. Small4to. 5 volumes all in publisher's original full red cloth with gilt lettering to spine, all five volumes house the original slipcases. Free end-papers browned and only very light sporadic brownspots throughout. A very fine and clean copy. Rare first complete Japanese translation of Marx's 'Das Kapital'. In response to the Russian October Revolution young Marxists produced in rapid succession partial translations of Marx's works and secondary accounts of the same. Japanese translations of Marx's works were comparatively late compared to those in Europe. Japanse translations, however, did exercise a great influence in Asia and especially in China where several of the early translations were made from the Japanese. "Similarly, Takabatake Motoyuki, the first to produce a complete Japanese translation of the three volumes of 'Capital', created a system of Marxist national socialism. Asserting the "Marxism was originally statism", Takabatake cited Thomas Hobbes and other western state theorists to support the notion that the state preceded class society and would not wither away after a proletarian revolution. To guard against external threats and to organize economic activity at home - against the possibility of proletarian imperialism on the part of Soviet Russia, for eksample - a socialist Japan would require a powerful state" (Hoston, Marxism and the Crisis of Development in Prewar Japan).