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Hernösandesne, Carolen G. Nordinen Trykkeriast, 1811. 8vo. In modest contemporary half calf over marbled boards. Repair to hinges and head of spine. Ex-libris pasted on to verso of front board. Stamp to title-page and last leaf of text. Internally very fine and clean. A fine copy. (2), 687, (1) pp. Rare second printing, published simultaneously with the Editio Princeps of the complete bible (Darlow & Moule 6060), of the second translation of the the New Testament into the Sami language. In 1808 Dr. Paterson and Dr. Henderson, who were visiting Torneå as delegates of the B.F.B.S. (British and Foreign Bible Society), reported the preparation of the Lapp Bible [the Editio Princeps] to the London Committee. ON hearing of the activities of the B.F.B.S. Bishop Nordin suggested that the Society should publish a separate edition of the N.T. The London Committee made a grant of 250l. towards this object; and, under the care of the Evangelical Society of Stockholm, which supplied the paper an edition […] was printed with the same type as athe Bible of 1811, and issued concurrently with it. The edition was intended chiefly for gratuitous circulation, and copies were distributed among Lapps by the aid of the Swedish Government. (Darlow & Moule 6061] Darlow & Moule 6061.

Kjøbenhavn, Bianco Luno, 1839. 8vo. Nice comtemporary half calf with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Minor wear to capitals and corners bumped. Light brownspotting to first and last leaves. A very fine and clean copy. (8), 470 pp. Rare first Danish edition of the monumental main work by one of the absolutely most influential classical economists, David Ricardo, the systematizer of economics. The Danish translation is translated from the third edition, which appeared in 1821.David Ricardo (1772-1823) was born in London as the son of a Dutch Jew. Initially Ricardo was primarily interested in science and mathematics, but after having read Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations" in 1799, he devoted himself entirely to political economy, and in 1817 he could publish his seminal work "The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation" (see PMM 277). Two years later, in 1819, Ricardo was elected to the Parliament, and became the House's acknowledged expert on economic affairs, -also as such he considerably influenced the opinion towards free trade.There are three classical economists, who must be said to have fundamentally changed political economy, and they are Adam Smith, Thomas Robert Malthus, and David Ricardo, -the three main founders of "modern economic analysis". On the basis of "The Wealth of Nations", classical political economy could be founded by Malthus and Ricardo, -in his "Principles". Ricardo was in doubt as to whether he should publish his later so exceedingly famous work, but was persuaded to do so by his friend James Mill, chief Apostle of the Utalitarians, and so he did in 1817, when the work presented the population of Great Britain with some very unexpected conclusions. Enlarging on the Physiocrats, Ricardo places the interest of the landlord and that of the community in the most violent opposition, -he states: "the interest of the landlord is necessarily opposed to the interest of every other class in the community." On the grounds of this theory, he gathered quite a number of opponents, who considered this the embodiment of injustice and strongly opposed of his theories. "Ricardo, in his paradox to arrest attention, outlined the case for class war. It is one of the issues which John Stuart Mill will be forced to confront, and upon which Marx built his theory and makes his observations." (Catlin, A History of the Political Philosophers, Ldn., 1950, p. 374). In opposition to Smith, Ricardo was not interested in the value as the principle for the equal exchange between differentiated individuals, but in it as the means of building up theories of the relation between wages, profits and rents and their distribution to landlords, capitalists and labourers, -thus developing the famous theory of "labour as measure". Against Malthus he opposes the interest of the agriculturalist as against that of the free-trading manufacturer, -one of his distinctive contributions to economics lies in expounding the monopoly theory of rent. "Ricardo was, in a sense, the first "scientific" economist. Lacking Smith's warmth and sympathy for humanity and for the labourer in particular, Ricardo saw the study of economics as a pure science whose abstractions were capable of quasi-mathematical proof. Although his theorems remain hypothetical, his deductive methods have proved a great use in the elementary analysis of economic problems, currency and banking, it has proved a lasting value." (Printing and the Mind of Man 277).The work is groundbreaking in numerous respects, one of them being that Ricardo here also sets out to establish paper-money, -he actualized this as well as the theory that the banks should convert its stock of gold into standardized gold bars, -this is the reason why the very first gold bars, as we know them, were called "Ricardos"; the first was issued in 1820.The work has been immensely influential throughout Europe, and has had a strong effect on Danish liberal thought and politics.

New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1890. Lex 8vo. Original blue full clothWith title in blue to front board and blue and gilt lettering to spine. Spine and parts of boards lightly brownspotted. A bit of wear to capitaks and corners. But overall a very nice copy of this fairly fragile and delicate cloth binding (there is an original variant binding with cloth spine and illustrated boards, but no precidency between the bindings has been established). Internally very nice and clean. XV, (1), 304 pp. Wih numerous illustrations, most of them photographic. First edition of this landmark work on the miserable living conditions of the poor immigrants in New York, constituting one of the very earliest - and certainly the most popular and influential - attempts at making "the other half", i.e. the middle and upper classes, aware of how the poor in New York actually lived. Riis's work created attention to the neglected and overseen community that was the underprivileged in New York. In the long run, the great success of the work created attention to the status, living conditions and general health of the poor, and it initiated social reform movements in all major North American cities. Furthermore, the work is regarded the very first example of "muckraking" journalism and was the first to extensively use halftone photographic reproductions in a book.Riis used a convincing combination of facts from Dr. Roger S. Tracy, Registrar of Vital Statistics, and his own talents as a photo journalist to make a hitherto unseen powerful description of the correlation between the high crime rate, drunkenness and reckless behavior of the poor and their lack of proper homes. The statistical facts made it a relevant and sober work and lent it enough authority to the book's claims for it to be taken serious by city official. His groundbreaking photographs confirmed the dry numbers and "spoke directly to people's hearts". (Pascal, "Jacob Riis: Reporter and Reformer", p. 87). Unlike all previously works on the living conditions of the poor, "How the Other Half Lives" offered concrete solutions on how to improve living condition, how to make the tenants improve their buildings, and finally how the politicians and city officials could make the appropriate and necessary juridical changes.The effect of the work was immediately seen and included: the tearing down of New York's worst tenements, sweatshops, and the reformation of the city's schools. The book led to a decade of improvements in Lower East Side conditions, with garbage collection, sewers, and indoor plumbing all following soon after. Because of the present work, Riis quickly rose to fame and in 1895 he became close friends with Theodore Roosevelt, then a New York City official, who wrote of Riis: "Jacob Riis, whom I am tempted to call the best American I ever knew, although he was already a young man when he came hither from Denmark". After Roosevelt became President, he wrote a tribute to Riis that started: "Recently a man, well qualified to pass judgment, alluded to Mr. Jacob A. Riis as "the most useful citizen of New York". Those fellow citizens of Mr. Riis who best know his work will be most apt to agree with this statement. The countless evils which lurk in the dark corners of our civic institutions, which stalk abroad in the slums, and have their permanent abode in the crowded tenement houses, have met in Mr. Riis the most formidable opponent ever encountered by them in New York City."The title refers to the French writer François Rabelais, who famously wrote in Pantagruel: "one half of the world does not know how the other half lives". As a work of journalism and of social criticism, Riis's book still stands as a truly seminal testimony to how the lower classes lived at the turn of the century. Due to this work, attention was eventually paid to them and their conditions bettered.

[No place], The Association for Symbolic Logic, 1936 & 1937. Royal8vo. Bound in red half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Journal of Symbolic Logic", Volume 1 & 2 bound together. Barcode label pasted on to back board. Small library stamp to lower part of 16 pages. A very fine copy. [Church:] Pp. 40-1; Pp. 101-2. [Post:] Pp. 103-5. [Turing:] Pp. 153-163; 164. [Entire volume: (4), 218, (2), IV, 188 pp.] First edition of this collection of seminal papers within mathematical logic, all constituting some of the most important contributions mathematical logic and computional mathematics. A NOTE ON THE ENTSCHEIDUNGSPROBLEM (+) CORRECTION TO A NOTE ON THE ENTSCHEIDUNGSPROBLEM (+) REVIEW OF "A. M. TURING. ON COMPUTABLE NUMBERS, WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE ENTSCHEIDUNGSPROBLEM":First publication of Church's seminal paper in which he proved the solution to David Hilbert's "Entscheidungsproblem" from 1928, namely that it is impossible to decide algorithmically whether statements within arithmetic are true or false. In showing that there is no general algorithm for determining whether or not a given statement is true or false, he not only solved Hilbert's "Entscheidungsproblem" but also laid the foundation for modern computer logic. This conclusion is now known as Church's Theorem or the Church-Turing Theorem (not to be mistaken with the Church-Turing Thesis). The present paper anticipates Turing's famous "On Computable Numbers" by a few months. "Church's paper, submitted on April 15, 1936, was the first to contain a demonstration that David Hilbert's 'Entscheidungsproblem' - i.e., the question as to whether there exists in mathematics a definite method of guaranteeing the truth or falsity of any mathematical statement - was unsolvable. Church did so by devising the 'lambda-calculus', [...] Church had earlier shown the existence of an unsolvable problem of elementary number theory, but his 1936 paper was the first to put his findings into the exact form of an answer to Hilbert's 'Entscheidungsproblem'. Church's paper bears on the question of what is computable, a problem addressed more directly by Alan Turing in his paper 'On computable numbers' published a few months later. The notion of an 'effective' or 'mechanical' computation in logic and mathematics became known as the Church-Turing thesis." (Hook & Norman: Origins of Cyberspace, 250) Church coined in his review of Turing's paper the phrase 'Turing machine'.FINITE COMBINATORY PROCESSES-FORMULATION I: The Polish-American mathematician Emil Post made notable contributions to the theory of recursive functions. In the 1930s, independently of Turing, Post came up with the concept of a logic automaton similar to a Turing machine, which he described in the present paper (received on October 7, 1936). Post's paper was intended to fill a conceptual gap in Alonzo Church's paper on 'An unsolvable problem of elementary number theory'. Church had answered in the negative Hilbert's 'Entscheidungsproblem' but failed to provide the assertion that any such definitive method could be expressed as a formula in Church's lambda-calculus. Post proposed that a definite method would be one written in the form of instructions to mind-less worker operating on an infinite line of 'boxes' (equivalent to the Turing machines 'tape'). The range of instructions proposed by Post corresponds exactly to those performed by a Turing machine, and Church, who edited the Journal of Symbolic Logic, felt it necessary to insert an editorial note referring to Turing's "shortly forthcoming" paper on computable numbers, and asserting that "the present article ... although bearing a later date, was written entirely independently of Turing's". (Hook & Norman: Origins of Cyberspace, 356).COMPUTABILITY AND LAMBDA-DEFINABILITY (+) THE Ø-FUNCTION IN LAMBDA-K-CONVERSION: The volume also contains Turing's influential "Computability and lambda-definability" in which he proved that computable functions "are identical with the lambda-definable functions of Church and the general recursive functions due to Herbrand and Gödel and developed by Kleene". (Hook & Norman: Origins of Cyberspace, 395).

Washington, The Smithsonian Institution, 1936. 8vo. In recent red full cloth with gilt lettering to front board. Published as part of "Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Volume 95, Number 3, Publication 3381". A fine and clean copy. (2), 10 pp. + 11 photographic plates. First edition of Goddard's paper on liquid-fueled rocket development. Goddard is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket and is often referred to as the man who ushered in the Space Age (Pendray, Rocket Development). By temperament and training Goddard was not a team worker, yet he laid the foundation from which team workers could launch men to the moon" (DSB). Goddard was secretive about his research and only published two papers; "A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes" (1919) and the present. Goddard launched the first liquid-fuel rocket on 16 March 1926 near Auburn, Mass. The ten-foot rocket, nicknamed "Nell" reached an altitude of 41 feet, traveled a distance of 184 feet and landed 2.5 seconds after lift-off in a cabbage patch. "Although his list of firsts in rocketry was distuguished, Goddard was eventually surpassed by teams of rocket research and development experts elsewhere, particularly in Germany." (DSB)."Like the Russian hero Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and the German pioneer Hermann Oberth, Goddard worked out the theory of rocket propulsion independently [...] Having explored the mathematical practicality of rocketry since 1906 and the experimental workability of reaction engines in laboratory vacuum tests since 1912, Goddard began to accumulate ideas for probing beyond the Earth's stratosphere. His first two patents in 1914, for a liquid-fuel gun rocket and a multistage step rocket, let to some modest recognition and financial support from the Smithsonian Institution [...] With an eye toward patentability of demonstrated systems and with the aid of no more than a handful of technicians, Goddard achieved a series of workable liquid-fuel flights starting in 1926. Through the patronage of Charles A. Lindbergh, the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation, and the Carnegie and Smithsonian institutions, the Goddards and their small staff were able to move near Roswell, New Mexico. There, during most of the 1930s, Goddard demonstrated, despite many failures in his systematic static and flight tests, progressively more sophisticated experimental boosters and payloads, reaching speeds of 700 miles per hour and altitudes above 8000 feet in several test flights" (DSB).

Kiöbenhavn, H.J. Graae, 1771. Marmoreret papbd. fra 1800-tallet med senere håndskevet papirtitelfelt på forperm og ryg. Nydeligt eksemplar på skrivepapir, med kun enkelte letter brunplettede blade. Tidligere ejernavn på forsatsen. Den uhyre sjældne originaludgave af denne digtsamling, der anses for noget af det ypperligste skandinaviske lyrik på Holbergs tid. Den lyriske gigant, Ambrosius Stub (1725-1758), som frembyder særsynet af "(e)n anakreontisk Lyriker midt i Paryktiden, en vagabonderende Digterskikkelse i Embedsfilisteriets Dage -" (P. Hansen. Illustr. dansk Litteraturhist, II: 189) fik kun trykt ét eneste digt i sin levetid. Man ved ikke meget om denne forunderlige forfatter til digte som "Den kiedsom Vinter gik sin Gang" (trykt hér første gang), og det er kun en del af hans digtning, der er bevaret for eftertiden. "Stubs Sange vare i Alles Munde og vandrede fra Haand til Haand i Afskrifter; nogen fuldstændig Samling af dem besad han vel neppe engang selv, ialtfald har han i sin Beskedenhed aldrig tænkt paa nogen trykt Udgave af dem." (Illustr. dansk Litteraturhist, II: 193). Først i århundredet efter Stubs død blev interessen for ham for alvor genvakt, og allerede dengang var originaludgaven af største sjældenhed.Stubs poesi rager højt op over sin samtids lyriske digtning, og hans digte udviser en individualitet og naturlighed, der er et forunderligt særsyn i denne periode.

Prentet udi Aarhus, i Autoris Tryckeri 1650. Velholdt eksemplar indbundet i samtidigt helpergament med kalligraferet titel på ryggen. Samtlige sider indrammet af bred røskenbort. Med dedikation fra bogens tidligere ejer fra 1650 og fremefter. 322 pp. Hans Hansen Skonning (1579–1651) var forfatter, bogtrykker og klokker ved Domkirken i Aarhus. Efter at være blevet afsat som klokker af biskop Morten Madsen i 1641 hævnede han sig med denne satire, der retter sig mod forholdene i Aarhus. Skonning oprettede sit eget bogtrykkeri i byen omkring 1630 og fik i 1635 bevilling til at drive en papirmølle. Foruden sit virke som trykker var han en flittig forfatter. Hans mest omtalte værk i samtiden var 'Kattens Rettergang med Hundene', en dyreallegori i stil med Reineke Fuchs. Værket er en bredt satirisk fremstilling i knittelvers, hvor Skonning indædt hævder, at sandhed og retfærdighed er hjemløse i en verden, hvor lasten triumferer. Thesaurus 644. Bibl. Danica IV, 246. Houghton no. 15: "A contemporary of Arrebo, Skonning is today an obscure figure. In his lifetime, however, he was well known as a poet and a printer. This first edition, an allegorical verse epic with prose commentary, is a relatively rare seventeenth-century Aarhus imprint, published at the author's own printing house. Each page of text is printed within a border of type ornaments."

A Liege, 1716 (Petitpied) & 1714 (Maigrot). 8vo. In a very nice Cambridge-style mirror binding with five raised bands and richly gilt spine. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Back board with scracth with loss of leather. Edge of back board with small tear showing the wooden board. Front free end-paper with a few annotation, otherwise a nice and clean copy. XXI, (1), 539 pp. + folded plate; (8), 184 pp. Highly interesting sammelband consisting of two works, both relating to Jesuit affairs and rarely found in the trade: 1 - The second edition of Jouvency’s ‘Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus’, which was condemned immediately after its publication in 1710 (here all the condemned parts are included) because of its critique of seqular rulers. 2 - First edition of Maigrot’s critique of Jouvency’s view on Chinese religion namely that of the The Chinese rites controversy (c.1582–1742), which wasc a religious quarrel between different Catholic orders over whether it was permissible for Chinese converts to observe traditional rites and use the Chinese terms tian and shangdi to refer to the Christian God. “Rites Controversy debate was most intense in Fujian province where an active group of Christian literati debated with a combative Catholic bishop named Charles Maigrot de Crissey (1652–1730).European missionaries divided largely on the lines of religious orders and nationalities.The Jesuits largely supported the Chinese while the Iberian mendicants (Dominicans and Franciscans) and secular priests were less accommodating. Bishop Maigrot was born and educated in Paris and joined the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris whose missionaries competed with the Jesuits in East Asia.Although Maigrot was resistant to any change in European Christianity,he realized the practical need to study the Chinese language and culture with the assistance of two low-level Chinese literati.Although his linguistic facility remained quite limited,it gave him a false confidence in his knowledge that would eventually cause him great embarrassment. In his interpretation of the Chinese rites,Maigrot relied on the writings of a treatise written by the Dominican missionary Francisco Varo in 1672.Varo took a hard line in prohibiting Chinese Christians from performing ceremonies in honor of their ancestors and Confucius.The Christian literatus Yan Mo (baptized Paul) responded with an essay “Distinguishing Different Forms of Sacrifice” (Bianji) that defended the practice of Christians honoring their ancestors and Confucius.Yan argued that the word for sacrifice (ji) was ambiguous and that it meant different things when it was applied to sacrifices for ancestors, the ancient sages,primary teachers,and the Christian God.He emphasized that one needed to carefully distinguish the internal meaning from the outward ritual because the meaning of “sacrifice”varied with each case.” (Mungello, The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500-1800)

(Cape Town, 1967). 4to. The entire issue, in the original green/white and illustrated wrappers, bound in very nice full burgundy cloth with gilt lettering to front board. A bit of brownspotting to a couple of leaves, due to the paper quality, but overall an excellent, clean and bright copy of this richly illustreted issue, which is devoted entirely to the groundbreaking medical performance that was Barnard's human heart transplant. LX pp. + pp. 1257-1278 (the pagination includes the wrappers). First printing in this scarce issue, in which Barnard's milestone paper of modern medicine appeared, describing for the first time one of the most important medical performances in the course of history - "the most publicised event in world medical history", namely the first human heart transplant. This medical breakthrough introduced to the world a way to prolong life that would become of seminal importance to modern man.The entire issue of the "South African Medical Journal" is devoted to Barnard's astonishing performance (done only three weeks prior to the publication) and is very interesting in itself, constituting a magnificent historical document. Apart from the first appearance of Barnard's paper, it also contains tributes to Barnard and his team by other leading physicians, ethical discussions about tranplantations, a description of the honourary degree bestowed upon Barnard due to the operation, discussions about donors for heart transplantations, papers on legal requirements, pre-operative assessment, tissue typing tests anestesia, and, of course, the great operation itself. To that also comes the highly interesting "Provisional Report on the Autopsy of L.W. (the patient, Louis Washkansky) as well as numerous advertisements and several heartfelt congratulations to Barnard (and his team) upon the operation (e.g. a half-page "add" saying "UPJOHN and their S. African Subsidiary/ TUCO (PTY LTD./ heartily congratulate/ all concerned/ in the historic/ HEART TRANSPLANTATION/ carried out at Groote Schuur Hospital" and many others like it), reflecting the astonishing effect that this historic event immidiately had upon contemporary society. "Christiaan (Chris) Barnard was born in 1922 and qualified in medicine at the University of Cape Town in 1946. Following surgical training in South Africa and the USA, Barnard established a successful open-heart surgery programme at Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town in 1958. In 1967, he led the team that performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant. The article describing this remarkable achievement was published in the South African Medical Journal just three weeks after the event and is one of the most cited articles in the cardiovascular field. In the lay media as well, this first transplant remains the most publicised event in world medical history. Although the first heart transplant patient survived only 18 days, four of Groote Schuur Hospital's first 10 patients survived for more than one year, two living for 13 and 23 years, respectively. This relative success amid many failures worldwide did much to generate guarded optimism that heart transplantation would eventually become a viable therapeutic option. This first heart transplant and subsequent ongoing research in cardiac transplantation at the University of Cape Town and in a few other dedicated centres over the subsequent 15 years laid the foundation for heart transplantation to become a well-established form of therapy for end-stage cardiac disease. During this period from 1968 to 1983, Chris Barnard and his team continued to make major contributions to organ transplantation, notably the development of the heterotopic ( 'piggy-back') heart transplants; advancing the concept of brain death, organ donation and other related ethical issues; better preservation and protection of the donor heart (including hypothermic perfusion storage of the heart; studies on the haemodynamic and metabolic effects of brain death; and even early attempts at xenotransplantation." (Cardiovasc J Afr. 2009 Jan-Feb; 20(1):31-5.)Garrison&Morton: 3047.12 ("First cardiac homotransplant in man.").

Venetiis (Venice), Paulum Manutium (Aldus), 1555. Folio (342 x 230 mm). In later half calf with five raised bands with gilt lettering to spine. Head of spine with repair, hindges bit weak and some scratches to boards. Ex-libris (H. P. Rohde, librarian at the Royal Danish Library) pasted on to verso of front board. Annotated by Rohde in pencil on front free end-paper. Title-page with a few dots and marks and light miscolouring to margins. First five leaves with small nick to upper margin, far from affrcting text. Damage to upper part of foreedge causing small hole to Pp. 30-130 in upper outer margin, far from affecting text. Very few sporadic dots throughout, overall internally very fine and clean. (4), 478 ff. (Wanting the 98 ff. of part II). First edition of this monumental and landmark Livy-edition edited by Carlo Signonio, introducing critical methods for reconstructing the past which revolutionized the study of ancient Roman history and the Italian Middle Ages. This edition was the first systematically to apply critical method to the rendition of the text and to the chronology of Roman history, marking the beginning of a new approach in the study of Roman history. This edition ‘made Sigonio’s European reputation ... In the Aldine folio of 1555 the miscellaneous fragments of the various annotators were swept away, and readers were offered a revised text of Livy, majestically printed, and the imposing Scholia of Sigonio alone, scholia which in sheer mass, acumen, and acerbity, far outstripped the combined efforts of all his predecessors’ (W. McCuaig). ”This is one of the many editions which were published with the annotations of Sigonhjs—"quae quidem," says Harles, "nonnullorum bilem moverunt." Renouard says it is an elegantly printed book, but is rarely to be found in good condition. At Mr. Bridges's sale a superb copy of this edition, on laege paper, was sold for the extraordinary sum of 3bl. 10s. M. Renouard has also a copy on large paper, containing many notes in the hand-writing of De Thou.” (Dibdin) "Belle édition bien imprimée, sur bon papier, et peut-être de toutes celles de cet historien, la plus amie de l'oeil et la plus facile à lire" (Renouard, 166.15). Ahmanson-Murphy 477 Renouard 166:15 Brunet III:1106 Adams L1342; Dibdin II 166

London, Printed for J. Baker and T. Warner, 1716. 8vo. In a contemporary Cambridge-style mirror binding with five raised bands. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Light wear and miscolouring to extremities, corner bumped. A few corrections and cross-outs in text. Small worm-tract to lower outer corner of last 20 ff. (16), 206 pp. (Pp. 50-63 misnumbered). The rare first edition of this anonymously published political and religious treatise that addresses the dangers posed by the ongoing rebellion against the British monarchy during a period of political and religious turmoil following the Jacobite rising of 1715. “The following Discourse was occafion'd by a Sermon preach'd Nov. 15. 1715. It was some time before I refolved upon the Publication of it, and then thought fit to add in proper Places, the Substance of several other Sermons which related to the same Subject; which with other Thoughts occurring, swell'd the Book to a much larger Bulk than I at first intended. The main Design is, partly to demonstrate the Unreasonableness, Impiety, and Wickedness of those who rife up in Rebellion against our only Rightful Sovereign King George, endeavour to dethrone him, and set up a Popish Pretender to his Crown” (From the preface to the present work). The Jacobite rising of 1715 was the attempt by James Edward Stuart (or the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland for the exiled Stuarts. The English Jacobites allied with Scottish Jacobites under the command of William Gordon they marched into England, where they encountered Government forces at the Battle of Preston on November 12–14. Initially, the Jacobites gained the upper hand, however, the arrival of Government reinforcements the following day turned the luck which lead to the eventual surrender of the Jacobite forces.This main sermon/discourse of this present work was written on November 15th, that is immediately after the fall of the Jacobites. Probably due to the instability and relatively insecure future the author has wished to remain anonymous. The document is structured to provide an analysis of the causes and consequences of the rebellion, underlining the author's position that the monarchy and the Church of England must be upheld to maintain social order and stability. The book criticizes the growing influence of dissenting religious groups particularly those associated with Calvinistic beliefs, arguing that their rebellion against the established order was both treasonous and destabilizing. Terry: A BIBLIOGRAPHY of Jacobite History 1689-1788, P. 288.

Wittemberg, Nickel Schirlentz, 1539. 4to. In a later paper binding. Blank white paper label pasted on to spine. Woodcut title-page depicting Herod's guest with Salome and the decapitated John the Baptist. Woodcut-initials in text. Two stamps to verso of title-page. Small paper mark pasted on to lower outer margin on title-page. Title-page with light soiling and last 30 ff. with dampstain to upper and lower outer corner. 120 ff. + 1 blank (H4) (Complete). Exceedingly rare second printing of Luther’s exegetical commentary on the 110th psalm (The first being from 1537). This psalm is a cornerstone in Christian theology, as it is cited as proof of the plurality of the Godhead and Jesus' supremacy as king, priest, and Messiah. For this reason, Psalm 110 is "the most frequently quoted or referenced psalm in the New Testament".[3] Classical Jewish sources, in contrast, state that the subject of the psalm is either Abraham, David, or the Jewish Messiah. The printer Schirlentz had previously had printers license revoked because he had published the epigrams of Lemnius. Luther wanted to help Schirlentz and asked the elector personally for permission to print his psalm. Benzing 3322

(No place), L’Imprimerie De La Société Littéraire-Typographique, 1785-89. 8vo. Uniformly bound in 90 contemporary full sprinkled calf bindings with five raised bands and gilt lettering and ornamentation to spines. Ex-libris (Karl Henrik Koch, Danish author and philosopher) pasted on to pasted down front end-papers. Bindings with wear, of which 35 have considerable wear, with loss of leather and boards party detached. Internally with light marginal browning, but generally nice and clean. With 2 portraits (in vol. 1 and 16) and 14 engraved plates (in vol. 39). Wanting vol. 57 and 87. This edition of the Voltaire's Complete Works notably includes the bulk of Voltaire’s previously unpublished correspondence. The Société littéraire typographique was a publishing house founded by Beaumarchais and Condorcet in order to publish a new complete edition of Voltaire's works. Based in Kehl in Baden to escape censorship it operated from 1780 to 1790 they aimed at creating a monumental posthumous edition, seven years after Voltaire’s death. To achieve this Beaumarchais purchased the printing types of the great English typographer John Baskerville from his widow and acquired paper mills and presses (including three paper mills in the Vosges). Graesse VII, 390.Brunet V, 1354.Bibliographie Voltairienne , p. 101.

Paris, Masson et Cie, 1903. 8vo. Nice contemporary half calf with four raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Light miscolouring to spine. A nice and clean copy. (8), 399 pp. First edition of the groundbreaking work, in which Metchikoff coins "gerontology" and establishes the field, which today is considered more important than ever, namely the study of the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging.Earlier on, Metchnikoff had made pioneering studies in immunology, and these led him on to the problems of biological ageing. His first work on the subject is the present, in which he coins the term "gerontology" and advances the idea that senile changes result from the toxins produced by bacteria in the intestine. In order to prevent these "unhealthy fermentations", Metchnikoff advocates the inclusion of sour milk on one's diet. As his ideas of "right living" were so closely connected with the consummation of large amounts of fermented milk or yoghurt made with a Bulgarian bacillus, his name actually came to be associated with a popular commercial preparation of yogurt (although he received no royalties). His studies into the potential life-lengthening properties of lactic acid bacteria, inspired Japanese scientist Minoru Shirota to begin investigating the causal relationship between bacteria and good intestinal health, which eventually led to the worldwide marketing of Kefir and other fermented milk drinks or probiotics, still extremely popular today.Apart from the consummation of yoghurt, Metchnikoff warned of eating uncooked foods, claiming that the bacteria present on them could cause cancer. Metchnikoff claimed he even plunged bananas into boiling water after unpeeling them and passed his silverware through flames before using it."In his "Nature of Man" Metchnikoff argued that when diseases have been suppressed and life has been hygienically regulated, death would come only with extreme old age. Death would then be natural, accepted gratefully, and robbed of its terrors." (D.S.B. IX: 334-35).He continued writing on ageing and death until 1910. In 1908 he shared the Nobel Prize for medicine with Ehrlich for his work on immunity.

Lyon, Jean Thioly, 1669. 12mo. In contemporary full calf with five raised bandes and richly gilt spine. Small paper label pasted on to upper part of spine indicating the inventory number in an estate library. Lower part of front hindge split. Small worm-tract affecting first two leaves, but otherwise a nice copy. (8), 198, (2) pp. The uncommon first edition of this famous account of the expedition undertaken by François d'Aubusson, duc de la Feuillade to assist the Venetian rulers of Heraklion, Crete (Candia), against the siege undertaken by Ottomans in the final year of the Cretan Wars (1645-1669) De la Feuillade, who had previously engaged Ottoman forces at the Battle of St. Gothard in 1664, willingly volunteered for this mission. With support from Pope Clement IX, he personally funded and organized a contingent of 500 men. The journal, composed as a letter by a volunteer on the expedition, not only provides a detailed account of the Cretan war but also offers valuable insights into the Greek Orthodox Church. Interestingly, the manuscript fell into the possession of a certain Thioly, who, despite having the text, disavowed any knowledge of the author. Subsequently two more editions were published in Grenoble in the same year, followed by another in 1670. Additionally, an English translation was published in 1670.Blackmer 859

Montreal, Acta Inc., 1950. Royal8vo. In the original full red cloth. Hindges a bit weak and light wear to extremities. With dedication (not from the author) to front free end paper. XX, 822, (2), 203 pp. First edition of Selye's landmark work on stress in which he presented his General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), a 3-stage set of physiological processes which prepare the body for danger so that we ready to stand a better chance of surviving it compared to if we remained passively relaxed when faced with a threat. Hans Selye was the first scientist to single out these side effects and to identify them collectively as being the result of 'stress', today he is is widely acknowledged as "the father of the stress field".Selye himself acknowledged that stress impacts each individual differently (Selye, 1950). What one person considers to be a severely stressful situation, another person may experience as only mildly distressing. Physiologists define stress as how the body reacts to a stressor, real or imagined, a stimulus that causes stress. Acute stressors affect an organism in the short term; chronic stressors over the longer term. The general adaptation syndrome (GAS), developed by Hans Selye, is a profile of how organisms respond to stress; GAS is characterized by three phases: a nonspecific mobilization phase, which promotes sympathetic nervous system activity; a resistance phase, during which the organism makes.Selye considered "Stress in heath and disease is medically, sociologically, and philosophically the most meaningful subject for humanity that I can think of".

London, J. Peele, 1727. 8vo. Without wrappers. A fine and clean copy. 72 pp. Scarce first edition of Gould's influential treatise in which he declared that the interest on government securities should be kept near "the natural interest of money," as defined by Locke. Gould's essay is the very first work commenting on England's massive debt burden in the 18th century and it anticipates the major economic debate on the role of national debt and The Sinking Fund by 50 years. Gould documented that since 1716 the national debt had been greatly reduced and he argued that in time, by the application of the principle of compound interest, the sinking fund would pay off all of the national debt. To support this argument he showed that one million pounds, accumulating at four percent compound interest, would amount in 105 years to 1575 millions. "The English public was in fact so nervous [by the massive national debt] that the Pitt government in 1786 resumed, on a larger scale and more seriously, the policy of paying an annual sum into a Sinking Fund. The plan adopted is usually attributed to the suggestion of Richard Price, [1772]. Sir Nathaniel Gould had published similar views before [in the present publication]. (Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis, 327)."Gould appears, in fact, to have been the first person to have employed those arguments on behalf of the policy of simultaneously borrowing and repaying which subsequently became an accepted element in financial theory. [...] Gould had complete confidence in the permanence of and the efficacy of the sinking fund". (Wormell, National Debt in Britain. P. 41)Kress 3695Goldsmith 6548Hanson 3737Hollander 932Houkes: p. 405(Not in Einaudi, but lists it. See Einaudi Vol. p. 400)

[Dublin, Printed by and for Geo. Grierson, in Essex-Street, and for George Ewing, in Dames-Street, 1 8vo. Nice 19th century half calf with richly gilt spine. A bit of occasional brownspotting, but overall very nice. Half-title with three old owner's entries - that of Jens Baggesen (1802), another one dated 1860, and finally that of esteemed book collector Paul V. Rubow, statitng that this is Pope's edition. Another old owner's signature (Brammer) to title-page. 424, (48 - Index), (6 - table of editions of Shakespeare's Plays), (2 - advertisements) pp. - lacking the title-page for the volume, but with all half-titles for the separate plays present. Six large allegorical woodcut head-pieces, woodcut initials, and woodcut ornamentations. Volume 7 - containing Cymbeline, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Othello - of the extremely rare first Irish edition of Shakespeare's works, which appeared in 8 volumes in all, the 8th being a supplementary volume by Dr. Sewell. This 7th volume is arguably the most sought-after of the volumes, as it includes not only Hamlet, but also Romeo and Juliet as well as Othello and will thus also have been saleable and collectable on its own. This copy of vol. 7 was bought by the great Danish Golden Age author Jens Baggesen (1764-1626) on his travel to London in 1802 and bears his inscription "London, April 13th" and signature to the front free end-paper. "Jens Baggesen, in full Jens Immanuel Baggesen, leading Danish literary figure in the transitional period between Neoclassicism and Romanticism.In 1782 Baggesen went to Copenhagen to study theology. Three years later, at age 21, he had an unprecedented success in Denmark with his first collection of poems, Comiske fortællinger (1785; "Comical Tales"). Later, after his libretto to the first major Danish opera, Holger Danske (1789; "Ogier the Dane," music by Friedrich Kunzen), received adverse criticism (mainly because of its supposed lack of nationalism), Baggesen traveled through Germany, Switzerland, and France. The journey became the basis of his most important book, the imaginative prose work Labyrinten (1792-93; "The Labyrinth"), a "sentimental journey" reminiscent of the work of the 18th-century English novelist Laurence Sterne. Baggesen was variously a Germanophile, a great admirer of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, an ardent supporter of the French Revolution, a disciple of Immanuel Kant, and a Romanticist and early admirer of Denmark's foremost Romantic poet, Adam Oehlenschläger. Later in life he vigorously opposed Romanticism, carrying on a seven-year feud with Oehlenschläger.A perennial traveler, attracted to existential harmony but always torn between material and spiritual values, Baggesen found himself at home everywhere and nowhere. His restless existence was tempered only by his sense of humour and absurdity. He has been called a European spirit who "held a passport to the whole world except his own heart"." (Encycl. Britt.). It was in December 1800 that Baggesen moved from Denmark and settled down in Paris. He was not happy and he was not healthy. In late March 1802, he went to London, where he wrote the famous line ""Dover! Shakespear! Oh Ocean! Oh Mountains! I am thrilled!" ("Dover! Shakespear! O Hav! O Bjerge! Jeg er henrykt!")- and it was here, on April 13th, that he acquired the present volume of Shakespeare's works, containing the greatest of the author's plays.The eight volumes of this first Irish edition of Shakespeare's works was published by George Grierson and George Ewing and constitutes a piracy reprint of Pope's 6-volume 4to edition of 1725, including also the Index of the Characters, Sentiments, Speeches and Descriptions, which is present here in volume 7. The edition is very scarce and only few libraries world-wide have a copy in their holdings.Not in Lowndes

London, The Macmillan Company, 1899. 8vo. In the original full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Traces after removel of label on lower part of spine. Library labels pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Embossed library stamp to titbel page (not affecting text). Otherwise a fine copy. XXVIII, (2), 445, (3) pp. The scarce first edition of Clark's seminal work - a cornerstone of neoclassical micro-economics -, which is considered "by any reasonable test, a landmark treatise in the development of economics". (New Palgrave). Clark "is regarded in some quarters as the one great American economist of the calibre of Smith and Mill". (Cohen, American Thought: A Critical Sketch, p. 117).Clark here presented his famous theorem: Given competition and homogeneous factors of production labor and capital, the repartition of the social product will be according to the productivity of the last physical input of units of labor and capital. This theorem is one of the pillars of neoclassical micro-economics and was popularly formulated by Clark himself: "[W]hat a social class gets is, under natural law, what it contributes to the general output of industry.""Very early in his career Clark began to work on the problem of factor shares (possibly because of his interest in Henry Georg) and concluded that the treatment of land rent as a surplus whose size is not determined by marginal productivity was gross error. The most complete statement of his views on distribution is in [The present work]. [...] Despite its flaws (which include the universal measure of value) 'the Distribution' is a remarkable book and, by any reasonable test, a landmark treatise in the development of economics.The 'Distribution represents an advance on the prior art in two important respects. It offers a discussion of the relation of statics to dynamics - the terms was introduced into economics by Clark - superior to that of previous treatments. And it offers, for the first time, a complete and lucid exposition of the neo-classical theory of distribution." (The New Palgrave)"One of the classics on the subject. "Aims "to show that the distribution of the income of society is controlled by a natural law, and that this law if it worked without friction, would give to every agent of production the amount of wealth which the agent creates." (A Select Bibliography of Modern Economic Theory, 1870-1929, P. 69). John Bates Clark (1847 - 1938), American neoclassical economist, was one of the pioneers of the marginalist revolution and opponent to the Institutionalist school of economics, and spent most of his career teaching at Columbia University.Mattioli 687Einaudi 1114Katalog der Karl Menger-Bibliothek 431

Aarhus, Prentet udi Autoris Tryckeri, 1650. 4to. I samtidigt helpergamentsbind. Bind misfarvet og med en smule slitage. Indvendige false en smule svage. Alle blade i bred røskenramme. Indskriptioner fra 1650 til 1924 på indersiden af begge permer. Første ejers (1650) navnetræk på titelbladet. Ex-libris (Sigurd & Gudrun Wandel) på sidste blanke blad. 332 ff. Originaludgaven af bogtrykker Hans Hansen Skonnings mest originale værk, det første originale danske (ti år før udgivelsen af Anders Arrebos skabelsesdigt), der er formet som en selvstændig dyreallegori over Rævebogen.Som alt andet i hans produktion fremstillet på hans eget trykkeri og sandsynligvis på papir af egen fabrikation fra hans papirmølle syd for Aarhus.Skonning virkede forudsom som forfatter og bogtrykker også som klokker ved Domkirken i Århus. Da biskop Morten Madsen i 1641 afsatte ham som klokker, tog han havn med denne satire, rettet mod forholdene i Århus. Ifølge Jens Worm er den fyldt med "Gusten galde og sort blækspruttesnavs". Skonning sendte øjensynligt breve om, hvad han så fra kirketårnet, både til Jacob Madsen, svoger til Ole Worm og til Ole Worm selv. Eksemplaret udmærker sig ved, at samtlige ejere fra 1650 til 1923 har sat en inskription på indersiden af begge permer. De nyeste dokumenterede ejere omfatter Herman Lynge og Sigurd Wandel. Den første ejer anfører på indersiden af bagpermen, at han den 9. juli 1650 har købt bogen af Hans Hanssen Skaaning i Aarhus.Bibl. Dan. IV,246. Thesaurus 644.

Washington, U. S. Treasury, 1944. 8vo. Bound with the original wrappers in later half cloth. White library numbering to top left corner of front boards and front wrapper. "Withdrawn" stamp to front wrapper. Soiling to top right corner of front wrapper affecting first 20 leaves. Front wrapper creased. X, 88 pp. First announcement of the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) at Bretton Woods in July 1944 - the greatest, most powerful and successful international economic agreement ever made. 44 Allied nations led by The United States and Great Britain sought to rebuild the international economic system while World War II was still going on. The Bretton Woods system obligated each country to adopt a monetary policy that maintained the exchange rate by tying its currency to the U.S. dollar and the ability of the IMF to bridge temporary imbalances of paymentsThe formation of the Bretton Woods system is by many considered the main factor in the economic prosperity experienced in Western Europe and the USA during the 50ies and 60ies thus shaping the world economy for decades. Regardless of the fact that some of the basic traits of the system (the gold standard) was abandoned in 1971 - usually referred to as the Nixon Shock - it is still the most influential economic event in the post war-years, if not the entire 20th century. "The United States and Great Britain took the lead in constructing the postwar international monetary institutions, with John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White drawing up rival designs for the new system. The Charter of the International Monetary Fund provided for a system based on pegged, but adjustable, exchange rates and an institution which would lend additional reserve assets to countries which were having temporary difficulties in maintaining convertibility. Resort to floating exchange rates, competitive devaluations, and trade restirctions to promote domestic employment were explicitly to be avoided, in the light of the problems of the 1930s".

Torino, Fratelli Bocca, 1884. 8vo. Cont. full green cloth w. gilt title and ornamentation to spine. Minor occasional browning. A very nice and clean copy. XXXII, 333, (5, -index and errata) pp. The scarce first edition of Peano's first major publication, his first book, the work that brought him international fame, and one of the most important calculus texts since the time of Euler and Cauchy.The present book, which has a somewhat strange history, contributing to its scarcity, is considered a constitutional work of the science of infinitesimal calculus. In 1899 it was translated into German, and in 1903 into Russian.The famous Italian mathematician, logical philosopher, pioneer of symbolic logic, and a founder of mathematical logic and set theory, Giuseppe Peano (1858 -1932), studied mathematics at the University of Turin, where he was employed just after graduating (1880), and where he stayed almost all of his life, devoting his life to mathematics. After having graduated with honours, he was employed to assist first Enrico D'Ovidio, and then the renowned Angelo Genocchi, who possessed the chair of Infinitesimal calculus. At this time, Genocchi's health was declining, and the teaching of the infinitesimal calculus course was handed over to Peano already in 1882. In 1880 Peano had published his first paper, and the following year he published another three; in 1884 he published his first book, the foundational "Calculus and Principles of Integral Calculus", which constitutes one of "the most important works on the development of the general theory of functions since the work of the French mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857)". (Encycl. Britt.)As is evident from the title-page, the work was based on Genocchi's lectures on calculus; however, the book turned out to be much more than, and in fact something completely different from, that. Peano stands as the editor of the work, but in fact most of the book is written by Peano himself. Apparently, Genocchi had given his approval to the publication of an edited version of his lectures, but when he saw the final result, he regretted the fact that it had appeared under his name. Genocchi stated in a letter that "... the volume contains important additions, some modifications, and various annotations, which are placed first. So that nothing will be attributed to me which is not mine, I must declare that I have had no part in the compilation of the aforementioned book and that everything is due to that outstanding young man Dr Giuseppe Peano ...".Peano assumed full responsibility for the work and also recognised it as his own. He later saw the importance that this book has had on the development of the science of infinitesimal calculus. "In 1915 he (Peano) printed a list of his writings, adding: "My works refer especially to infinitesimal calculus, and they have not been entirely useless, seeing that, in the judgment of competent persons, they contributed to the constitution of this science as we have it today." This "judgment of competent persons" refers in part to the "Encyclopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften", in which Alfred Pringsheim lists two of Peano's books among nineteen important calculus texts since the time of Euler and Cauchy. The first of these books was Peano's first major publication and is something of an oddity in the history of mathematics, since the title page gives the author as Angelo Genocchi, not Peano: "Angelo Genocchi, Calcolo differenziale e principia de calcolo integrale, publicato con aggiunte dal Dr. Guiseppe Peano." The origin of the book is that Bocca Brothers wished to publish a calculus text based on Genocchi's lectures. Genocchi did not wish to write such a text but gave Peano permission to do so. After its publication Genocchi, thinking Peano lacked regard for him, publicly disclaimed all credit for the book, for which Peano then assumed full responsibility." (D.S.B. X:441).Later the same year, after the publication of this his first major work, Peano became professor at the university of Turin. His first work now stands, not only as one of the founding texts of modern infinitesimal calculus, but also as a prime example of Peano's excellent style, which perfectly mixes simplicity and rigour. "Beginning with a strict definition of real number, essentially that of Dedekind, he develops the calculus systematically, formulating every theorem with the greatest possible accuracy and precision, and strictly avoiding in the proofs any illegitimate appeal to intuitive properties of curves. When the customary enunciations of theorems are too loose, or conditions that need to be satisfied are not as a rule clearly stated, Peano often constructs counter-examples to show that assertions made in standard textbooks are incomplete or erroneous...." (Kneebone, Mathematical Logic and Foundations of Mathematics, p. 142). Cellerino nr. 1. "Prima edizione del primo libro di Peano che venne tradotto nel 1899 in tedesco e nel 1903 in russo. Pubblicato sotto il nome di Genocchi di cui Peano era assistente, il volume è in realtà interamente opera sua tanto che Genocchi lo disconobbe publicamente dando origine ad una breve polemice. Questa è l'opera che diede a Peano notorietà internazionale." (Cellerino, Guiseppe Piano e la sua scuola. Catalogo monografico. Milano, 2004).

Geneve, Barde & Compagnie, 1787. 8vo. In a fine contemporary half calf binding with five raised bands, red leather title label with gilt lettering and gilt ornamentations to spine. Boards recently repaired An extraordinarily fine copy. VI, 294 pp. The rare first printing of abbé Legros's fierce critique of physiocratic doctrines. The physiocratic school and the dawning liberalism dictated that the economic order should espouse as closely as possible the concatenation of causes which make up the order of Nature and that everything is interconnected in the human world as it is in nature. In his own early critique of this physiocratic political economy, the traditionalist Legros developed attacks which can equally well apply to Quesnay, Spinoza, Diderot or d'Holbach: "if this grand order, this concatenation [cet enchaînement], this general law of movement are eternal [...] if they are necessary, then they exist by themselves, by the necessity of their nature; they therefore replace the Divinity, they take its place; if the grand order is one and the only one, then there no longer is any moral order, any metaphysical order, any supernatural order." (From the present work: Pp 142-3).Legros (1739-1790) studied theology and functioned as a priest in St.-Aebeul. He always published under the name "d'un Solitaire".Einaudi 3300; INED 2773; Masui P. 406.

London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1944. 8vo. In the original printed stapled wrappers. Stapels with rust affecting surrounding paper. A small 1 cm long tear to lower left part of front wrapper, otherwise fine and clean. 70 pp. First European announcement of the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) at Bretton Woods in July 1944 - the greatest, most powerful and successful international economic agreement ever made. 44 Allied nations led by The United States and Great Britain sought to rebuild the international economic system while World War II was still going on. The Bretton Woods system obligated each country to adopt a monetary policy that maintained the exchange rate by tying its currency to the U.S. dollar and the ability of the IMF to bridge temporary imbalances of paymentsThe formation of the Bretton Woods system is by many considered the main factor in the economic prosperity experienced in Western Europe and the USA during the 50ies and 60ies thus shaping the world economy for decades. Regardless of the fact that some of the basic traits of the system (the gold standard) was abandoned in 1971 - usually referred to as the Nixon Shock - it is still the most influential economic event in the post war-years, if not the entire 20th century. "The United States and Great Britain took the lead in constructing the postwar international monetary institutions, with John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White drawing up rival designs for the new system. The Charter of the International Monetary Fund provided for a system based on pegged, but adjustable, exchange rates and an institution which would lend additional reserve assets to countries which were having temporary difficulties in maintaining convertibility. Resort to floating exchange rates, competitive devaluations, and trade restirctions to promote domestic employment were explicitly to be avoided, in the light of the problems of the 1930s". The present publication was printed in August 1944, thus being first publication to introduce the Bretton Woods system to the British and European public and legislators.

London, Nicholas Okes, 1622. Folio. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands to spine. Boards with triple blind rule to boarders. Traces from paper-label to upper compartment of spine. Title-page soiled and with waterstain throughout, primarily affecting first and last leaves. (XXXVI), 68, 99-362 pp. First and only edition, posthumously published, of this important work in which Fotherby refuted atheism. Fotherby's approach involves using natural reasoning and secular authorities rather than relying solely on Scripture and Church Fathers, as was common, to convince skeptics of Christian truths. He understood the limitations of appealing only to divine revelation and therefore added arguments with references from classical literature and early modern travel accounts, aiming to persuade through credible sources rather than religious dogmatic authority. “Fotherby, Martin (1549?–1619), bishop of Salisbury, son of Maurice Fotherby, a resident at Grimsby, Lincolnshire, was born about 1549. He entered at Cambridge, and eventually became a fellow of Trinity. He became prebendary and archdeacon of Canterbury in 1596, and in 1615 was presented to the deanery. He had married some years before his first promotion; for on 9 Sept. 1609 Lady Cooke wrote to Lord Salisbury asking him to promote the marriage of her eldest daughter with the archdeacon's eldest son, to which Fotherby objected, and in the following year, after the marriage had taken place, begged for a knighthood at the creation of the Prince of Wales for her son-in-law, because her daughter's worth and birth had been much disgraced by the match. Three years afterwards, being chaplain to James I, he was appointed to the bishopric of Salisbury. He was consecrated by Abbot, assisted by the bishops of London, Coventry, and Lincoln, 19 April 1618, and protested at his consecration that he had given nothing for his promotion. He died 29 March 1619, aged 70, and was buried in Allhallows Church, Lombard Street. In the epitaph on his tomb he is described in very high-flown terms of praise. He left an imperfect work against atheism, which was published after his death in 1622 in folio, under the title ‘Atheomastix: clearing foure Truthes against Atheists and Infidels.’ Four sermons were published together in 1608 in quarto, having been written in 1604. Copies of both these works are in the British Museum.” (DNB) Not in Lowndes.