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Basel, Io. Bebelium, 1534. Folio. Smukt nyere helldrbd. i flammet kalv, ophøjede bind på ryg udført i gl. stil. (16),189 blade. Titelbladet opsat med lidt skjolder og reparationer. Fra fol 127 starter en svag skjold i indre margin som gennem siderne breder sig i teksten. Fol 187-89 repareret med tab af lidt tekst i nederste hjørner. Lidt brunpletter og svage skjolder, mest i marginer. Første tekstside med bred træskåren ramme efter forlæg af Hans Holbein. Iøvrigt en del træskårne initialer.Folio. Beautiful recent full mottled calf binding in old style w. raised bands on back. Title-page mounted w. a few restorations and a bit of waterstaining. From f. 127 and throughout weak foxing to inner margin, which further on streches out into the text. Ff. 187-189 repaired w. a bit of loss of text to lower corners. A few brownspots and weak waterstaining, mostly marginal. First leaf of text w. a broad woodcut frame, made after Holbein. Many woodcut initials. (16), 189 ff. The rare Basel-edition of Saxo. It is the second Saxo-edition, but it is rarer than the first. Ther present work constitute the first full history of Denmark for posterity and to this day the most important of all Danish historical publications. This magnificent work contains the first known written narrative of the legend of Hamlet and served as the basis for Shakespeare's play. Denne såkaldte Basel-udgave er anden trykte Saxo-udgave og regnes for den mest sjældne.Adams S,631. - Lauritz Nielsen, 241.

Strassbourg, Hans Schotten, 1545. Folio. Later hcalf (mid 19th century). Gilt spine, raised bands and with gilt lettering. A large crowned monogram, stamped in gold, on frontcover. Title in red/black with large coat of arms in woodcut. (8), 504, (10) pp. Colophon-leaf with printed monogram in woodcut and with errata. many historical initials in woodcut. 10 first leaves waterstained in a small part of upper margins, 70 first and last 50 leaves with dampstaining on foot. First German edition. Brunet III:696. Bibl. Danica II, 593 . This is a separate edition of the Denmark part of the first edition of Krantz' important chronicle of the Nordic countries, with new title pages and with the arms of Frederick III. Albert Krantz (c. 1450 - December 7, 1517), German historian, was a native of Hamburg. He studied law, theology and history at Rostock and Cologne, and after travelling through western and southern Europe was appointed professor, first of philosophy and subsequently of theology, in the University of Rostock, of which he was rector in 1482. In 1493 he returned to Hamburg as theological lecturer, canon and prebendary in the cathedral. By the senate of Hamburg he was employed on more than one diplomatic mission abroad, and in 1500 he was chosen by the king of Denmark and the duke of Holstein as arbiter in their dispute regarding the province of Dithmarschen. As dean of the cathedral chapter, to which office he was appointed in 1508, Krantz applied himself with zeal to the reform of ecclesiastical abuses, but, though opposed to various corruptions connected with church discipline, he had little sympathy with the drastic measures of Wycliffe or Huss. With Martin Luther's protest against the abuse of Indulgences he was in general sympathy, but with the reformer's later attitude he could not agree. When, on his death-bed, he heard of the ninety-five theses, he is said, on good authority, to have exclaimed: "Brother, Brother, go into thy cell and say, God have mercy upon me!" Krantz died on the 7th of December 1517.Krantz was the author of a number of historical works which for the period when they were written are characterized by exceptional impartiality and research. The principal of these are Chronica regnorum aquilonarium Daniae, Sveciae, et Noruagiae (Strassburg, 1546); Vandalia, sive Historia de Vandalorum jerq origine, etc. (Cologne, 1518); Saxonia (1520); and Metropolis, sive Historia de ecclesiis sub Carolo Magno in Saxonia (Basel, 1548).Brunet III,696. - Bibl. Danica II, 593 .

Stockholm, Nordstedt & Söner, 1843. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with four raised bands. Wear to extremities, spine with scratches. Stamps (From Nordiska Bibliotheks-Sallskapet in paris. With an accompanying "deaccession"-note from the librarian Leif stating many doublets and unused book were sold, including the present) l to front free end-papers, title-page and last two leaves. With light occassional brownspotting throughout. V, (1), 783, (1), 26, (1) pp. The rare first complete Swedish translation of the Quran – also being the first translation in any Scandinavian language. “Between 1843 and 1967, four translations of the Quran were published in Scandinavia: three in Sweden, and one in Denmark. Prior to and during this period, theologians and philologists at Scandinavian universities had studied the Quran as part of their training in the Arabic language, and had translated parts of the text, first into Latin and then into the respective national languages. The first three Scandinavian translations of the Quran were into Swedish. The first of these translations, published in 1843, was done by Johan Fredrik Sebastian Crusenstolpe (1801– 1882). This was followed by the translation made by theologian and professor of Arabic literature, Carl Johannes Tornberg (1807– 1877) in 1874, and the one by Karl Vilhelm Zetterst (1866– 1953), a prominent Swedish professor of Semitic languages, which was published in 1917. Zetterst's translation has been republished several times and is still in use. In Danish, it was not until 1967 that a full translation of the Quran was published, by teacher Abdus Salam (Svend Åge) Madsen (1928– 2007), and in Norway it took another decade and a half before the first translation was published, by university lecturer Einar Berg (1921– 1995) in 1980.” (Eggen, On the Periphery, Translations of the Quran in Sweden, Denmark and Norway) Fredrik Crusenstolpe, a Swedish officer and diplomat, was known for his adventurous spirit and eccentricity. Crusenstolpe served in Tripoli, Tangier, Algiers and Lisbon. His translation emerged during a period of growing interest in the Middle East and North Africa among Scandinavia's cultural elite in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. While stationed in North Africa, Crusenstolpe developed a deep interest in the local people and their religion. However, securing financial support for the publication of his translation was challenging despite interest from a prominent publishing house. He ended up financing the project privately especially motivated by a personal desire to correct misconceptions about Prophet Muhammad in Swedish popular culture. To Crusenstolpe these misconceptions reflected not just ignorance about the Prophet but also a broader superstitious mentality he did not like. He portrayed the Muhammed as a rational "Arabic founder of law" aligning with Enlightenment-era European depictions of Muhammad. OCLC lists only four copies (Library of Congress, NY Public Library, Ohio State University & Cleveland Public Library).

Cologne, Pierre Gaillard, 1701. 8vo. In contemporary vellum. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Light wear and soiling to extremities. Previous owner's name (Peter Otto Rosenörn) to front free end-paper. Dampstain to inner upper margin of first half of book block. A few quires split in margin and a few plates closely trimme, with minor loss in outer margin, otherwise internally nice and clean. (3), 397, (3), (24), 389 pp. + frontispiece and 100 etchings by Romeyn de Hooghe (included in the pagination). First edition with Hooghe’s beautiful illustrations of this famous collection of tales modelled on the Boccaccio’s Decameron. According to Brunet two variants were published: one with text published below or above the engraving (The present copy) and one with engravings published separately. According to Brunet the former is preferable due to better printing quality. (Brunet I, 1735/1736). "Les Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles" stands as a cornerstone in the development of French literature and is regarded as being the first work of literary prose in French. Believed to have been composed around the 1460s at the court of Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy, this collection of tales offers a glimpse into the cultural and literary landscape of late medieval France. The stories were collected and possibly edited by Antoine de la Sale (1385/86 – 1460/61). "Les Cent Nouvelles" nouvelles were first printed by Antoine Vérard in 1486, twenty years after manuscript circulation (only one manuscript is known today). Romeyn de Hooghe, (1645 - 1708)born in Amsterdam, was a multi-talented artist known for etching, drawing, painting, and sculpting. He became famous for his political caricatures of Louis XIV and propaganda prints supporting William of Orange. His work included early comic strips and illustrations for significant texts like "Hieroglyphica of Merkbeelden der oude volkeren" (1735).Throughout his career, de Hooghe produced over 3500 prints and adorned city maps with decorative borders. He was praised for inventive compositions in engravings and painted large panels for public and private spaces. Despite acclaim, he faced criticism later in life for his controversial subjects and lifestyle. Historian Simon Schama lauded de Hooghe as the first great modern graphic satirist, highlighting his role in portraying conflicts between William III and Louis XIV as struggles for liberty against religious despotism. Brunet, II, 1735. Graesse, II, 102.

Copenhagen, 1960-73. Folio. 10 volumes bound in publishers fine red hmorocco. Bound by Jacob Baden. A collection of Danish medieval Manuscripts reproduced in facsimile. The earliest Scandinavian texts which have survived until our day from about 1100 and originate from the ancient sphere of Danish Culture.

Wien (Vienna), Braunmüller & Seidel, 1842, 1844 & 1846. 8vo. 3 volumes uniformly bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Spines discoloured and light wear to capitals. Stamp to first and last leaf in all volumes. Exlibris (Jens P. Hart Hansen) pasted on to verso of front board. Vague damstain to lower part of vol. 3. Brownspotting to first and last leaves in all volumes, otherwise a nice copy. (8), 572; XIV, (2), 882; XIV, (2), 632 pp. The uncommon first edition, first issue, of Rokitansky’s landmark work on anatomical pathology. Rokitansky is widely considered the founder of science-based diagnostics, a merit largely based on the present work; The number of original observations in the present work is staggering. Included here are the first differentiation between lobar and lobular pneumonia, the first pathological account of spondylolisthesis, the first accurate description of yellow atrophy of the liver and the correct classification of patent ductus arteriosis as a congenital lesion – all observations that helped the Vienna School (also known as The Second Viennese School of Medicine) to reblossom into world prominence. Virchow famously named him "the Lineé of pathological anatomy". “Rokitansky ranks with Morgagni as among the greatest of all writers on gross pathology. He is said to have performed over 30,000 autopsies himself. His ‘Handbuch’ was for many years pre-eminent among its contemporaries. He foresaw the eventual importance of chemical pathology, at that time non-existent.” (Garrison & Morton). “Rokitansky was a first class anatomist, not the least of his service to pathology being the development of anecropsy method which in its anatomical logic and comprehension of detail insured an inspection of every part of the body in every examination. […] After Rokitansky names of diseases, like pneumonia and typhoid fever, conveyed to the well trained medical graduate an anatomical picture and not as theretofore, a list of symptoms of varying complexity” (Long, A History of Pathology, p. 107). “Rokitansky extended Laennec’s description of emphysema, improved existing knowledge of pneumonia, noted the perforated gastric ulcer as a special type, and gave a classic description of acute yellow atrophy of the liver, also known as “Rokitansky’s disease.”. The first edition of his Handbuch attempted a revival of humoral pathology, based upon current physiological theory of a “blastemal” or primitive fluid substance from which formed elements were derived; under criticism from Virchow, who called Rokitansky’s hypothesis a “monstrous anachronism,” Rokitansky eliminated his humoral theories from the next two editions of the Handbuch” (Norman 1845). Rokitansky published the volumes of his Handbuch in reverse order, issuing Vol. III in 1842, Vol. II in 1844 and Vol. 1 in 1846. Norman 1845Garrison & Morton 2293

Te Leiden, Te Amsterdam, 1766-91. 8vo. Bound in 94 contemporary full vellum. With 47 engraved plates (partly folded) and many fold.Tables. Each year consists of 2 or more parts, in the set lacks 5 parts (Deel 3:1, 16:2, 19:1 - 7:1, 23:1).

Stockholm, L. L. Grefing, 1757. 8vo. Bound in a very nice recent half calf pastich binding (by Gust. Hedberg, Stockholm) with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Very light miscolouring to spine. Internally with a few occassional brownspots. Overall a very nice copy. (8), 312, (4), 317-376, (16) + 12 engraved plates. First edition of this important account of two Swedish voyages to China and the East Indies, with a foreword by Linné. The first being by the Swedish botanist and explorer Peter Osbeck and the second by the Swedish naturalist Olof Torén. Both are notable for their contributions to botany, natural history and cultural exchange between Europe and Asia.In 1750–1752 Peter Osbeck travelled on the ship Prins Carl to Asia where he spent four months studying the flora, fauna, and people of the Canton region of China. He returned home just in time to contribute more than 600 species of plant to Linnaeus' Species Plantarum, published in 1753. Osbeck's journal contain detailed observations on the languages, cultures, and local economy of the regions he visited. However, its primary significance lies in the extensive sections dedicated to foreign plants and fish which are illustrated in 12 engravings.Soulsby 3599.

London, 1907. Original brown full cloth with yellow decorations to spine and front board and gilt title to spine. Boards slightly warped. First and last two leaves brownspotted, otherwise nice and clean. Inner front hinge a bit weak. The exceedingly scarce first edition of “this lost landmark in British speculative fiction. This satirical speculative novel of political resistance is better known in its abridged form as “The Secret of the League” (1909). It mixes science fiction, social realism and office espionage, and accurately predicted the invention of the fax machine and the ascendancy of Labour politics.” (Handheld Science Fiction Classics) The work originally appeared, as it is here, in 1907, after which it appeared in abridged form under a different title in 1909. It would take 90 years for the landmark dystopian masterpiece to become available again at its original length, with its 7000 words restored, namely with the 2017-edition in the Handheld Science Fiction Classics Series. This seminal anti-socialist dystopia is generally acknowledged as having been a source of inspiration for Orwell’s “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. Orwell credited “What might have Been” with giving a considerably accurate prediction of the rise of Fascism. “[What might have Been] [a]bounds in humor and wit, especially in the early chapters. Bramah’s condemnation of the power of the press to corrupt and mislead is a pertinent today as it was in 1907” (Times Literary Supplement). “This satirical speculative novel of political resistance is better known in its abridged form as The Secret of the League (1909). It mixes science fiction, social realism and office espionage, and accurately predicted the invention of the fax machine and the ascendancy of Labour politics. What Might Have Been is a political thriller, with a nail-biting Buchanesque car chase, a sea battle that C S Forester could have written, and dramatic rescue missions in the air. The flying machines are both delightful and dramatic.”

Berlin, Stockholm, Paris, F. & G. Beijer, 1882-84. Large4to. As extracted from "Acta Mathematica", no backstrip. With title-page and the original wrappers. (except for paper no. 3 and 5 which only has the title page). In "Acta Mathematica", volume 1-5. Title pages with library stamp. Internally clean and fine. Vol. I, pp. 1-62; Pp. 193-294; Vol. II, pp. 97-113; Vol. III. pp. 49-92; Vol. IV pp. 201-312; Vol. V pp. 209-278. First publication of these groundbreaking papers which together constitute the discovery of Automorphic Functions. "Before he was thirty years of age, Poincaré became world famous with his epoch-making discovery of the "automorphic functions" of one complex variable (or, as he called them, the "fuchsian" and "kleinean" functions)." (DSB).These manuscripts, written between 28 June and 20 December 1880, show in detail how Poincaré exploited a series of insights to arrive at his first major contribution to mathematics: the discovery of the automorphic functions. In particular, the manuscripts corroborate Poincaré's introspective account of this discovery (1908), in which the real key to his discovery is given to be the recognition that the transformations he had used to define Fuchsian functions are identical with those of non-Euclidean geometry. (See Walter, Poincaré, Jules Henri French mathematician and scientist).The idea was to come in an indirect way from the work of his doctoral thesis on differential equations. His results applied only to restricted classes of functions and Poincaré wanted to generalize these results but, as a route towards this, he looked for a class functions where solutions did not exist. This led him to functions he named Fuchsian functions after Lazarus Fuchs but were later named automorphic functions. First editions and first publications of these epochmaking papers representing the discovery of "automorphic functions", or as Poincaré himself called them, the "Fuchsian" and "Kleinian" functions."By 1884 Poincaré published five major papers on automorphic functions in the first five volumes of the new Acta Mathematica. When the first of these was published in the first volume of the new Acta Mathematica, Kronecker warned the editor, Mittag-Leffler, that this immature and obscure article would kill the journal. Guided by the theory of elliptic functions, Poincarë invented a new class of automorphic functions. This class was obtained by considering the inverse function of the ratio of two linear independent solutions of an equation. Thus this entire class of linear diffrential equations is solved by the use of these new transcendental functions of Poincaré." (Morris Kline).Poincaré explains how he discovered the Automorphic Functions: "For fifteen days I strove to prove that there could not be any functions like those I have since called Fuchsian functions, I was then very ignorant; every day I seated myself at my work table, stayed an hour or two, tried a great number of combinations and reached no results. One evening, contrary to my custom, I drank black coffee and could not sleep. Ideas rose in crowds; I felt them collide until pairs interlocked, so to speak, making a stable combination. By the next morning I had established the existence of a Class of Fuchsian functions, those which come from hypergeometric series; i had only to write out the results, which took but a few hours...the transformations that I had used to define the Fuchsian functions were identical with those of Non-Euclidean geometry..."

Copenhagen., A.& S. Soldin, Trykt hos C.M. Cohen, 1807. 4to. All four issues in the original blank wrappers with paper title-lables to front wrappers. Each issue with a later cloth backstrip. Housed in an exquisite box with a beautifully gilt red morocco spine and marbled blue and red paper, with gilt super ex-libris to front. Some leaves brownspotted, especially in the fourth issue 48 pp + 40 finely hand-coloured plates (on two of which the engraved is mentioned: "Fridrich sc."). Two versions of the title-page for the fourth issue. 4to. Foreligger i de 4 originale hefter med glanspapirsomslag, shirtryg i en smuk bogæske af rød maroquin med rygforgyldning. 4 titelblade (af hefte 4 foreligger 2 versioner). På skrivepapir. 48 pp. samt 40 fint håndkolorerede plancher (på 2 plancher nævnes kobberstikkeren: Fridrich sc.). Nogle plancher brunpletted, især i 4. hefte. Of the utmost scarcity. OCLC records merely one copy. Af største sjældenhed. Kobberstikkeren må være identisk med Johann Georg Fridrich (1742-1809) som er kendt for brandbillederne fra 1794, jvf. Krohn p. 82, heri er værket dog ikke nævnt. B. Danica II:191.

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Spine lacks and covers detached (in need of a new spine). A stamp to front free endpaper (chinese). In: 'Zeitschrift für Physik', Volume 31. VIII,952 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Pauli's paper: pp.765-783. First edition of the first announcement of Pauli's Exclusion Principle which gives a criterion for the electronic structure of atoms, and explains the periodic table and the combining properties of the elements.Pauli first formulated his exclusion principle in this article in an attempt to explain the structure of the periodic table. By introducing an additional quantum number, namely the spin of an electron, to the already known three quantum numbers in Bohr's atom model, and by postulating that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers, Pauli could explain the number of electrons allowed in the outermost shell, e.g., explaining the varying lengths of successive periods in the table. The exclusion principle turned out to be applicable to all fermions, and thus plays a role in a variety of physical phenomena. For example it explains the formation of degenerate matter in white dwarfs and neutron stars. In 1945 Pauli received the Nobel Prize in physics "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle".This volume also contains a paper by Heisenberg: 'Über eine Anwendung des Korrespondenzprinzips auf die Frage der Polarisation des Floureszenzlichtes' , A. Einstein: "Bemerkung zu P. Jordans Abhandlung "Zur Theorie der Quantenstrahlung"and another paper by Pauli: 'Über den Einfluss der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Elektronenmasse auf den Zeemaneffekt' (Zeeman-Effect and the Dependence of Electron-Mass on the Velocity).

[Tokyo], The Zauho Press & The Kawade Shobo, 1955 - 1958. Folio. 16 volumes (complete) all in publisher's original embossed full cloth, all in the original printed casettes. A very fine and clean set richly illustrated with black/white and colour photos. A complete set, all volumes first edition, of the most extensive work on East-Asian ceramics. 1. Japan: Pre-historic, Proto-historic and Early historic periods, 1958.2. Japan: Ceramics in the Nara to Muromachi periods, 1957.3. Japan: Ceramics in the Momoyama period, 1956.4. Japan Ceramics in the Kyushu district, 1956.5. Japan: Ceranics in the Edo period (part II), 1956.6. The Edo period (part III), 1955.7. The Tea-ceremony implements, 1955.8. From Ancient China to six Dynasties, 1955.9. China: Sui and T´ang Dynasties, 1956.10. Sung and Liao Dynasties, 1955.11. Yüan and Ming Dynasties, 1955.12. China: Ch´ing Dynasty and Annamese and Thai Ceramics , 1956.13. Korea: Pre-Koryo and Koryo periods, 1955.14. Korean Ceramics in the Li Dynasty, 1956.15. Europe & others, 1958.16. Contemporary Ceramics, 1958.

(London), Adam Islip, 1638. Folio. In contemporary full calf with six raised bands and double ruled fillets to boards. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Wear to extremities, scratches to boards. Corner bumped, with loss of leather. Inner hinges split. Title-page chipped in outer margin and with two tears, with minor loss of text. Previous owner's name to title-page. Outer half of bookblock with waterstain. (10), 1500, (20), 31, (32) pp. The engraved title-page and 32 portraits included in the pagination. Wanting the first blank. A somewhat defective but text-wise complete copy. Enlarged fifth edition of this first major original English account of the Ottoman Turks, originally published in 1603. This work was repeatedly republished, copied, and extended, and had an unparalleled influence on numerous seventeenth century authors as a source of information and authority on the Ottoman Turks. Samuel Johnson praised him as the best of English historians, saying that "in his history of the Turks [Knolles] has displayed all the excellencies that narration can admit." (Johnson, Samuel (1969) [1751], "The Rambler, Number 122). "Compiled from a range of Byzantine and western histories, travelers' reports and letters, together with material from Leunclavius' recent Latin translation of a late 15th-century Ottoman chronicle, Knolles' was the first major work on the subject to appear in English, and was quickly recognized as a masterpiece of narrative synthesis. Subsequent editions in 1621, 1631, and 1638 included continuations by other writers. Knolles' literary style was admired by such writers as Johnson and Byron, and the work's reputation as an engrossing account survived well into the 19th century" (ODNB). “Richard Knolles (late 1540s-1610) was born in Northamptonshire. When exactly Knolles began work on his most ambitious scholarly achievement The Historie of the Turkes is difficult to ascertain. The first folio edition appeared in 1603. James VI of Scotland became James I of England in March of that year following the death of Elizabeth I. Knolles took adavntage of the dynastic transition by dedicating the work to “the High and Mightie Prince James”. Knolles’ Historie is based heavily on a range of sixteenth-century printed chronicles and reports. It is, therefore, essentially a synthesis of other works, but a carefully crafted synthesis produced in English. Nothing of this scale and detail had appeared before, in English, on the Ottomans, and it would be another fifty years before a subsequent work in English would become the authority on the subject. Despite this fact, both Samuel Jonson and Lord Byron turned to Knolles centuries later, and both alluded to the richness of his prose style. William Shakespeare, moreover, likely used Knolles’ work (and possibly an earlier manuscript version) as a source for his Othello (ca. 1603-1604).” (University of Toronto, Victoria College, The Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies)

Berlin, Stockholm, Paris, F. & G. Beijer, 1882-84. Large4to (272 x 230 mm). Three volumes uniformly bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine. In "Acta Mathematica", volume 1-5. Light wear to extremities, boards and spines with scratches. Stamp to verso of front board in all volumes. First three leaves in first volume detached, otherwise internally fine and clean. Vol. I, pp. 1-62; Pp. 193-294; Vol. II, pp. 97-113; Vol. III. pp. 49-92; Vol. IV pp. 201-312; Vol. V pp. 209-278. First publication of these groundbreaking papers which together constitute the discovery of Automorphic Functions. "Before he was thirty years of age, Poincaré became world famous with his epoch-making discovery of the "automorphic functions" of one complex variable (or, as he called them, the "fuchsian" and "kleinean" functions)." (DSB).These manuscripts, written between 28 June and 20 December 1880, show in detail how Poincaré exploited a series of insights to arrive at his first major contribution to mathematics: the discovery of the automorphic functions. In particular, the manuscripts corroborate Poincaré's introspective account of this discovery (1908), in which the real key to his discovery is given to be the recognition that the transformations he had used to define Fuchsian functions are identical with those of non-Euclidean geometry. (See Walter, Poincaré, Jules Henri French mathematician and scientist).The idea was to come in an indirect way from the work of his doctoral thesis on differential equations. His results applied only to restricted classes of functions and Poincaré wanted to generalize these results but, as a route towards this, he looked for a class functions where solutions did not exist. This led him to functions he named Fuchsian functions after Lazarus Fuchs but were later named automorphic functions. First editions and first publications of these epochmaking papers representing the discovery of "automorphic functions", or as Poincaré himself called them, the "Fuchsian" and "Kleinian" functions."By 1884 Poincaré published five major papers on automorphic functions in the first five volumes of the new Acta Mathematica. When the first of these was published in the first volume of the new Acta Mathematica, Kronecker warned the editor, Mittag-Leffler, that this immature and obscure article would kill the journal. Guided by the theory of elliptic functions, Poincarë invented a new class of automorphic functions. This class was obtained by considering the inverse function of the ratio of two linear independent solutions of an equation. Thus this entire class of linear diffrential equations is solved by the use of these new transcendental functions of Poincaré." (Morris Kline).Poincaré explains how he discovered the Automorphic Functions: "For fifteen days I strove to prove that there could not be any functions like those I have since called Fuchsian functions, I was then very ignorant; every day I seated myself at my work table, stayed an hour or two, tried a great number of combinations and reached no results. One evening, contrary to my custom, I drank black coffee and could not sleep. Ideas rose in crowds; I felt them collide until pairs interlocked, so to speak, making a stable combination. By the next morning I had established the existence of a Class of Fuchsian functions, those which come from hypergeometric series; i had only to write out the results, which took but a few hours...the transformations that I had used to define the Fuchsian functions were identical with those of Non-Euclidean geometry..."

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1926. 8vo. In two contemporary half cloth bindings (not uniform). Gilt lettering to spine. In: "Zeitschrift für Physik", Bd. 37 & 38, 1926. Entire volumes offered. Vol. 38: Spine partly detached and with library stamp to free front and back end paper. Both volumes with a bit of soiling to extremities. Internally fine and clean. First edition of these landmark papers in which Born formulated the now-standard interpretation of the Probability Interpretation of the Wave Function or Probability Density Function for psi*psi in the Schrödinger equation, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954. It is considered to be one of the fundamental statements of modern physics and made Einstein famously state in a letter to Born in 1926: "Quantum mechanics is certainly imposing. But an inner voice tells me that it is not yet the real thing. The theory says a lot, but does not really bring us any closer to the secret of the 'old one'. I, at any rate, am convinced that He [god] is not playing at dice.""Very soon after publication of Erwin Schrödinger's works on wave mechanics. Born recognized -despite Heisenherg's and Pauli's objections to its basic conceptions - that the new theory was acceptable from a mathematical point of view; and he used Schrödinger's method of treating atomic scattering processes. Applied to a standard scattering problem with known interaction-the scattering of a particle in an external field -the quantum theory permitted an exact calculation only in principle; except in special cases the basic differential equations could not be solved. With "Quantenme-chanik der Stossvorgänge" (1926) Born elaborated the basis of the "Born approximation method" for carrying out the actual computations; the method has since grown steadily in importance. Born’s works found worldwide recognition, and gifted young researchers flocked to work under him. The "Born school" at Göttingen was its important to the flowering of theoretical physics as the school of Bohr at Copenhagen and of Arnold Sommerfeld at Munich." (DSB)."Born may not have realized at once the profundity of his contribution, which helped bring the quantum revolution to an end". (Pais, Inward Bound).

Leipzig, Johann Wendler, 1764. 8vo. Non-uniformely bound. Vol 1: Completely uncut in the original cardboard-binding. Some wear to capitals and hinges. Internally a bit of minor occasional brownspotting. (18), 592 pp. Vol 2: 19th century marbled paper-binding with red gilt title-label to spine. Wear to extremities. Only light occasional brownspotting. (2), 435, (1). The very rare first edition of Lambert's seminal main philosophical work, the work which coined the term "phenomenology". "Neues Organon" is a work of breakthrough that came to, directly or indirectly, influence almost all later philosophy, also that of Kant.Today, Johann Heinrich Lambert arguably mostly remembered as one of the greatest mathematicians and logicians of his time. However, a true polymath, he also played a dominant role in the development of 18th century philosophy, primarily with his philosophical magnum opus "Neues Organon", in which he set out to provide a better methodology for philosophy, with the aid of mathematics. As such, he is considered a path-breaker of Rationalism and one of the most important predecessors of Kant, who knew him well and admired him greatly; the two corresponded frequently. "Kant himself recognized Lambert as a philosopher of the highest qualities; and he expected much from his critical attitude. He had drafted a dedication of the "Critique of Pure Reason" to Lambert, but Lambert's untimely death prevented its inclusion.Lambert's place in the history of philosophy, however, should not be seen only in its relation to Kant. The genesis of his philosophical ideas dates from a time when Kant's major works had yet to be conceived. It was the philosophical doctrines of Leibniz, Christian Wolff, and Locke that exerted the more important influence - insofar as one can speak of influence with a self-taught and wayward man such as Lambert... The two main aspects of Lambert's philosophy, the analytic and the constructive were both strongly shaped by mathematical notions; hence logic played an important part in his philosophical writing. Following Leibnitz' ideas, Lambert early tried to create an "ars characteristic conbinatoria", or a logical or conceptual calculus. He investigated the conditions to which scientific knowledge must be subjected if it is to enjoy the same degree of exactness and evidence as mathematical knowledge... In "Neues Organon" he next developed the idea of a characteristic language of symbols to avoid ambiguities of everyday language; and finally, in the most original part of his work called ""Phänomenologie," he discussed appearance and gave rules for distinguishing false (or subjective) appearance from a true (or objective) one that is not susceptible to sensory illusions." (D.S.B. VII:597).

(København, antageligt 1763). Folio. (37 x 24,5 cm.).Samtidigt hldrbd. med tidstypisk sidepapir. Øve kapitæl slidt. Ryg noget slidt. Permer med brugsspor. Ialt 140 pp. Manuskriptet er rigt illustreret og koncentreret omkring kanonernes brug, typer og indretning. 28 helsides (kanoner, lavetter etc), 13 halvisdes, 5 geometriske figurer, 10 tabeller og ca. 34 tekstfigurer, de fleste i delvis håndkolorereing. Et blad løst i 6. afdeling, og de sidste 3 plancher lettere skjoldede og opklæbede. Flere af delene er signeret "O. Lütken". "Otto Lütken, 1.12.1749-21.12.1835, søofficer. Født i Helsingør, død i Kbh., bisat sst. (Holmens k.s kapel). L. blev kadet 1763 og sekondløjtnant 1768. Han var 1770-71 med briggen Postillionen, hvor hans halvbror Christian Lütken var chef, i eskadren i Middelhavet og forfremmedes 1773 til premierløjtnant. Efter forskellige togter sendtes han til Vestindien hvor han 1779-81 var chef for stationsskibet Lærken. Han viste sig her i besiddelse af så fremragende aktivitet, dygtighed og mod at kollegiet ikke alene udtalte sin anerkendelse af hans gode konduite, men også foranledigede at kongen udnævnte ham til kaptajn hvorved han sprang kaptajnløjtnantsgraden og syv årgange af sine kammerater forbi "da han ved forskellige Lejligheder har æret vort Flag og forsvaret det baade mod Overmænd og Ligemænd". Han var i de følgende år chef for fregatter og orlogsskibe samt stabschef i eskadren, blev kommandørkaptajn 1790 og kommandør 1797."(DBL).

Wisconsin, The Association for Symbolic Logic, 1936. Lev8vo. Entire volume one of "Journal of Symbolic Logic" (i.e. number 1-4), March, June, September, December 1936) BOUND WITH ALL THE ORIGINAL WRAPPERS in a blue half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Crossed-out library paper-label to lower part of spine and top left corner of front board. Two library stamps (in Chinese) to back of front free end-paper. Chinese library-stamp (red) and stamped inventory-number lower part of all four front wrappers. Minor bumping to lower corner of nr. 4, otherwise internally a very fine and clean copy of the entire volume. [Church:] Pp. 40-1; 101-2. [Post:] Pp. 103-5. [Entire volume: 218 pp.]. First publication of Church's seminal paper in which he proved the solution to David Hilbert's "Entscheidungsproblem" from 1928, namely that it is impossible to decide algorithmically whether statements within arithmetic are true or false. In showing that there is no general algorithm for determining whether or not a given statement is true or false, he not only solved Hilbert's "Entscheidungsproblem" but also laid the foundation for modern computer logic. This conclusion is now known as Church's Theorem or the Church-Turing Theorem (not to be mistaken with the Church-Turing Thesis). The present paper anticipates Turing's famous "On Computable Numbers" by a few months. "Church's paper, submitted on April 15, 1936, was the first to contain a demonstration that David Hilbert's 'Entscheidungsproblem' - i.e., the question as to whether there exists in mathematics a definite method of guaranteeing the truth or falsity of any mathematical statement - was unsolvable. Church did so by devising the 'lambda-calculus', [...] Church had earlier shown the existence of an unsolvable problem of elementary number theory, but his 1936 paper was the first to put his findings into the exact form of an answer to Hilbert's 'Entscheidungsproblem'. Church's paper bears on the question of what is computable, a problem addressed more directly by Alan Turing in his paper 'On computable numbers' published a few months later. The notion of an 'effective' or 'mechanical' computation in logic and mathematics became known as the Church-Turing thesis." (Hook & Norman: Origins of Cyberspace, 250) The volume also contains first printing of Post's seminal paper, in which he, simultaneously with but independently of Turing, describes a logic automaton, which very much resembles the Turing machine. The Universal Turing Machine, which is presented for the first time in Turing's seminal paper in the Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society for 1936, is considered one of the most important innovations in the theory of computation and constitutes the most famous theoretical paper in the history of computing. "Post [in the present paper] suggests a computation scheme by which a "worker" can solve all problems in symbolic logic by performing only machinelike "primitive acts". Remarkably, the instructions given to the "worker" in Post's paper and to a Universal Turing Machine were identical." (A Computer Perspective, p. 125)."The Polish-American mathematician Emil Post made notable contributions to the theory of recursive functions. In the 1930s, independently of Turing, Post came up with the concept of a logic automaton similar to a Turing machine, which he described in the present paper [the paper offered]. Post's paper was intended to fill a conceptual gap in Alonzo Churchs' paper on "An unsolvable problem of elementary number theory" (Americ. Journ. of Math. 58, 1936). Church's paper had answered in the negative Hilbert's question as to whether a definite method existed for proving the truth or falsity of any mathematical statement (the Entscheidungsproblem), but failed to provide the assertion that any such definite method could be expressed as a formula in Church's lambda-calculus. Post proposed that a definite method would be written in the form of instructions to a mindless worker operating on an infinite line of "boxes" (equivalent to Turing's machine's "tape"). The worker would be capable only of reading the instructions and performing the following tasks... This range of tasks corresponds exactly to those performed by a Turing machine, and Church, who edited the "Journal of Symbolic Logic", felt it necessary to insert an editorial note referring to Turing's "shortly forthcoming" paper on computable numbers, and ascertaining that "the present article... although bearing a later date, was written entirely independently of Turing's" (p. 103)." (Origins of Cyberspace, pp. 111-12).Even though Post's work to some degree has been outshined by Turing's, the present paper is of seminal importance in the history of the foundation for modern computer logic and the ideological basis for the modern computer.The volume also contains the following important papers by W. V. Quine:1. Toward a Calculus of Concepts. Pp. 2-25.2. Set-theoretic Foundations for Logic. Pp. 45-57.Hook & Norman, Origins of Cyberspace, 2002: 250 + 356 Charles & Ray Eames, A Computer Perspective, 1973: 125.

London, G. Lathum and R Young, 1634. Folio (350 x 230 mm). In contemporary full calf with six raised bands. Some wear to extremities, corners bumped and leather on hinges to upper compartment split. Occasional marginal dampstaining throughout. A few small worm-tracts, otherwise a good copy. (62), 184, 181-555, [1], 512, 517-669, (54) pp. + 8 double-page maps. Fine copy of Raleigh’s highly influential work on the history of the world. Its immense popularity resulted it in being published in nearly twenty editions and abridgements this early edition being the fifth. Imprisoned in the Tower of London after the death of Queen Elizabeth in 1603, Walter Ralegh spent seven years producing this massive work. Created with the aid of a library of more than five hundred books that he was allowed to keep in his quarters, this incredible work of English vernacular would become a best seller. It covers the course of human history from Genesis to the conquest of Macedon by Rome. Raleigh intended to write more volumes relating the rise and fall of the great empires, but his release in 1615, his expedition to Guiana, and his execution in 1618, prevented the accomplishment of his plan. According to author Edmund Gosse, "This huge composition is one of the principal glories of seventeenth-century literature, and takes a very prominent place in the history of English prose”. “The success of Raleigh’s History, which apart from numerous abridgements, ran through ten editions between 1614 and 1687, can perhaps be explained by the very fact that it is not a work of history in the academic sense but a political tract of immediate applicability. Its author was listened to, not so mucnh because he was a scholar (which he certainly was by contemporary standards of scholarship), as because he embodied all the glories of the reign of Elizabeth I, which at the time of the publication had already begun to be transfigured into a golden age.” (PMM 177). (PMM 177, the first edition).

Amsterdam, 1764. 8vo. Two very nice cont. uniform red hcalfs; gilt backs w. gilt black leather title-labels. All edges uncut. Minor repairs to upper part of back of vol. one. In very good condition. Some of the text-leaves of the last section of the second volumes are evenly browned, and a few of the last leaves are professionally repaired, otherwise only occasional brownspotting to a few leaves. Nicely printed on good paper. Richly and beautifully illustrated w. the engr. portrait of La Fontaine, engr. frontisp. in both volumes, engr. title-vignettes, engr. preliminary vignette-leaves, 77 full-page engr. plates and 63 engr. text-vignettes. I.e. in all 80 engr. plates, 67 engr. vignettes and two woodcut vignettes (in the table of contents). This rare and very beautiful Amsterdam edition is printed two years after the monumental first edition from Paris, which was commissioned by Ferniers Géneraux, and which is very scarce and sought after. This is the most beautiful and well-executed of the re-impressions (Paris, 1762 (-without vignettes), Amsterdam, 1764 and London, 1764). -"Celle d'Amsterdam, 1764, 2 vol. in-8. fig. copiées sur celles de l'édition de 1762, est assez belle..." (Brunet III:760). The illustrations of this edition are excellent and copied from the beautiful first edition; many of them are engraved and signed by C. Boily, and all are after Eisen. Most of the vignettes are after Choffard. The portrait of La Fontaine is engraved by Macret after Ficquet. "Cette imitation de l'édition des fermiers généraux est assez jolie. Le portrait de La Fontaine est tantôt gravé par Savaret, et tantôt par Macret, suivant les exemplaires." (Cohen, p. 310).The illustrations of this work are considered Eisen's main work, the book is considered one of the greatest works of rococo book-illustration, and it has greatly inspired later tradition in this field.

Helsinki, Työväen Kirjapaino, 1918. 8vo. In publisher's original red cloth, with gilt lettering. Wear to extremities. Gilting on spine almost gone. Hindges very weak, book block almost detached from binding. Internally fine and clean. (4), XX, 712, (1), 79, (3) pp. The rare first complete Finnish translation of Marx' landmark work, constituting what is arguably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century."Shortly before Word War I, the young economist and socialist member of parliament Edward Gylling inspired a Finnish edition of "Capital". It was published with the help of the Finnish literature Promotion Fund (SKE). Volume one was translated by OV Louhivuori, who later became the principal of the School of Economics." (Karl Marx Memorial Library Luxembourg - http://karlmarx.lu)

London, Hodgson & Son, 1945. Royal 8vo. Entire volume 48 of "Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. Second Series" bound in a nice contemporary blue full cloth binding with gilt ex-libris ("Sir John Cass College") to front board and gilt title-label and year to spine. Very minor wear to extremities. Nicely re-enforced at inner hinges. A very nice, clean, and tight copy. Large library-book-plate to inside of front board (stating that the volume was presented by "Dr. A.E.R. Church"), with "withdrawn"-stamp. Also "withdrawn"-stamp to title-page and to final page, and a library-stamp to p. (1). Otherwise a nice and clean copy with no markings, etc. Pp. 180-197. [Entire volume: (4),477, (1) pp. The very rare first printing of Turing's first published paper devoted to the Riemann-zeta function, the basis for his famous "Zeta-function Machine", a foundation for the digital computer.While working on his Ph.D.-thesis, Turing was concerned with a few other subjects as well, one of them seemingly having nothing to do with logic, namely that of analytic number theory. The problem that Turing here took up was that of the famous Riemann Hypothesis, more precisely the aspect of it that concerns the distribution of prime numbers. This is the problem that Hilbert in 1900 listed as one of the most important unsolved problems of mathematics. Turing began investigating the zeros of the Rieman zeta-function and certain of its consequences. The initial work on this was never published, though, but nevertheless he continued his work. "Turing had ideas for the design of an "analogue" machine for calculating the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function, similar to the one used in Liverpool for calculating the tides." (Herken, The Universal Turing Machine: A Half-Century Survey, p. 110). Having worked on the zeta-function since his Ph.D.-thesis but never having published anything directly on the topic, Turing began working as chief cryptanalyst during the Second World War and thus postponed this important work till after the war. Thus, it was not until 1945 that he was actually able to publish his first work on this most important subject, namely the work that he had presented already in 1939, the groundbreaking "A Method for the Calculation of the Zeta-Function", which constitutes his first printed contribution to the subject."After the publication of his paper "On computable Numbers," Turing had begun investigating the Riemann zeta-function calculation, an aspect of the Riemann hypothesis concerning the distribution of prime numbers... Turing's work on this problem was interrupted by World War II, but in 1950 he resumed his investigations with the aid of the Manchester University Mark I [one of the earliest general purpose digital computers]..." (Origins of Cyberspace p. 468).Not in Origins of Cyberspace (on this subject only having his 1953-paper - No. 938).

Copenhagen, 1960-73. Folio. 10 volumes bound in publishers fine hvellum. A collection of Danish medieval Manuscripts reproduced in facsimile. The earliest Scandinavian texts which have survived until our day from about 1100 and originate from the ancient sphere of Danish Culture.

Lipsiae, Excudebat Iohannes Rhamba, 1561. Small 8vo. Later blue boards (ab. 1800). Spine with minor loss and a few cracks. First few leaves with minor soiling, but otherwise a nice and clean copy. 19th century owner's inscription to inside of front cover: "Colegii Thomani". Lovely woodcut opening initial. Beautiful Greek script. 48 ff. Extremely scarce first edition thus, containing all of Theophrastus' 23 characters in Greek and Latin, being the first edition of Auberius' excellent Latin translation and first edition with Lycio's interesting commentaries. "This very rare edition, which presents us with the Greek text of H. Stephan (Stephanus), contains a new Latin version by Claudius Auberius, who was scarcely twenty years of age when he composed it. The notes are critical and historical; sometimes bold, but always erudite... This version and these notes were republished in Zuinger's edition of Aristotle's "Ethics" at Basil. fol. 1582." (Dibdin II:500). This version of Theophrastus' milestone work, the first recorded attempt at systematic character writing, became hugely influential and is still referred to in modern editions of the text, as Auberius' translation is regarded as one of the best and most important interpretations of the text. Claude Aubery or Claudius Auberius (ca. 1540-1596) was a noted philosopher and medical doctor, professor of Philosophy in Lausanne. He translated several Greek texts into Latin, but is best remembered for his excellent version of Theophrastus' "Characters", which was highly influential throughout the Renaissance and which was incorporated into later Renaissance Aristotle-editions as the standard-version of Theophrastus' text. Theophrastus (ca. 371- ca. 287 BC), Aristotle's successor at the Lyceum, and probably the most famous Aristotelian of all times, successfully presided over the Peripatetic School for 36 years and here wrote a number of works. The most famous of them is arguably his great moral opus "The Characters", which continues to amaze readers to this day. It introduced the "character sketch", which became the core of the Character as a genre, and as such it influenced the entire literay tradition of the Western world. The fabulous, very witty, astute, harsh, and insightful characteristics of type characters of the human race have been formative for our understanding of moral virtues and vices and how they come to be expressed in man, for our understanding of human nature in general. It is no wonder that the work became so popular and widely read during the Renaissance, the era of man as the centre of the universe. "Le texte est le celui de Henri Estienne (insére dans l'édition d'Aristote de 1557), mais dans la version il suit pour la plupart ses propres conjectures" (Graesse 7: 125). Dibdin II:500, Graesse VII:125.