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(Genova), Excudebat Henricus Stephanus, illustris viri Huldrichi Fuggeri typographus, 1564. Folio. Later red full calf, rebacked, soft boards. Inner hinges reinforced. T-p. w. repaired loss to lower right corner, not affecting text. Upper part of first about 100 leaves w. decreasing waterstaining w. very minor affect to text. Cont. owner's name to t-p. ("Ex libris Rabillone"). T-p. in red and black, woodcut printer's device to t-p., woodcut initials and vignettes, first part w. beautiful Greek script. Overall good condition. (16), 297, (2), 216, (8) pp. First edition thus. First part in Greek, second part in Latin. "The Latin version is Valla's , which Stephan published separately in 1564, but which usually accompanies the Greek text." (Dibdin II:506). "The text was first printed by Aldus in 1502. The edition of Henri Estienne, a member of the famous French family of printers, who corresponded with scholars as an equal, first came out in 1564. The edition cited (the second edition, 1588) was improved by the addition of a translation into Latin by Lorenzo Valla..." (PMM 102). This edition also contains Valla's excellent and famous translation, being the second part of the work, separately paginated (pp. 1 - 216); in the second edition the translation is not printed separately, but in parallel columns on the same pages as the Greek text. "Édition plus belle" (Brunet, V:844). Stephanus (Estienne) worked in Paris and Dibdin mentions the work as being printed in Paris, whereas PMM states that it is printed in Genova. Brunet V:844, PMM 201, Dibdin II:506. Greasse, 7:149.

(Kazan, Universitäts-Buchdruckerei, 1841). 4to. In a contemporary modest half calf over marbled paper boards. Published in a supplement to "Meteorologische Beobachtungen aus dem Lehrbezirk der Kaiserlich. Russischen Universitaet Kasan". Heft 1, 1835–1836. 1841. Small stamp to upper outer corner of front free end-paper. A few leaves brownspotted. Book block split between pp. 4 and 5, otherwise a fine copy. 48 pp. Exceedingly rare first appearance of this work by Lobachevsky in which he returns to convergence of infinite series, on the foundations of calculus and real analysis, which he previous had dealt with in his 1834-textbook Algerbra and his 1834-paper ‘Ob ischezanii trigonometricheskikh strok’. Here, he expands and further develops the modern definition of the idea of a function in the works of Dirichlet, Poisson, and himself, adding and supplying more proofs. Primarily famous for his non-Euclidean geometry, Lobachevsky published a few papers on such nongeometrical subjects as algebra and the theoretical aspects of infinite series. The chief thrust of his scientific endeavor was, however, geometrical, and his later work was devoted exclusively to his new non-Euclidean geometry, the present work being one of his last on algebra and infinite series.

Cambridge, 1722. 4to. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands with red leather title-label with gilt lettering to spine. Boards with a few scratches, missing small parts of the leather. corners bumped. Upper endbands showing. Upper outer corner with dampstain, primarily affecting first leaves, otherwise a good copy. Printed on good paper. (20), 249, (3), 125, (1) pp. + 1 folded plate. First edition of Cotes’ important posthumously published work. Roger Cotes (1682-1716) published only one scientific paper in his lifetime, and the present work thus constitutes the earliest and main record of his mathematical achievements. According to Augustus de Morgan, this is 'the earliest work in which decisiveness progress was made in the application of logarithms and of the properties of the circle of the calculus of fluents'; it includes the first version of the Newton-Cotes formulas, the first introduction of Euler's formula, and the 'Cotes' theorum' of trigonometry. Furthermore, it contains the “Earliest attempt to frame a theory of errors.” (Jungnickel, Cavendish: The Experimental Life, p. 150). Roger Cotes (1682–1716), much respected in his own right, is also known for working closely with Isaac Newton by proofreading the second edition of his famous book, the Principia, before publication. He became the first Plumian Professor at Cambridge University from 1707 until his death. When Cotes died Cambridge in 1716 at the early age of 33 Isaac Newton famously remarked, "If he had lived we would have known something." Tomash & Williams C184 Norman 519 Wallis 246 Babson (Supplement) 29

Kbhvn. 1804-28, 1830, og 1834-35. Indbundet i 51 bind. Bd- 1-49 i samt. halvlæderbind, bd. 1-4 i 8vo, resten i 4to. Bd. 1 og 2 mangler øverste del af ryg, de sidste 2 bind i nyere halvmaroquin, alle med stempler på titelblade og etiketter på rygge. Bd. 16 mangler nr. 96 og 100. I Allernyeste, 1830 mangler spalte 1-4. Yderst sjælden række af dette omfattende kulturhistorisk/topografiske værk. "Nyeste Skilderie af Kjøbenhavn" grundlages i 1803 af Johan Werfel, og eksisterede til 1837. Johan Werfel døbte bladet Nyeste Skilderie af Kjøbenhavn til minde om sin ven samfundsrevseren Niels Ditlev Riegels, som var død året før. Riegels havde 1786-1790 udgivet det samfundskritiske blad Månedsskriftet Kjøbenhavns Skilderie, men efter Trykkefrihedsforordningen af 1799 var grænserne for, hvad man kunne skrive, væsentligt indskrænkede. Werfel forsøgte i nogle numre af sit blad at mindes Riegels ved at udgive nogle af hans efterladte skrifter, men måtte efter nogle numre stoppe forsøget. Boghandleren og forlæggeren Salomon Soldin blev snart ansat som redaktør, og efter at Werfel i 1808 forsvandt og foregav at være død for at undgå sine kreditorer, overtog Soldin også udgivelsen af bladet.I de første årgange var bladet et lille ugeblad, der udkom i kvartformat, men det udvidedes snart, så bladet i format og udgivelse kunne konkurrere med tidens andre populære blade såsom Berlingske Tidende og Adresseavisen.Soldin skrev selv en stor del af indholdet i bladet, men også flere af tidens betydelige personligheder som Rasmus Nyerup, Knud Lyne Rahbek, Christian Molbech og Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig bidrog ofte med indlæg.Nyeste Skilderie af Kjøbenhavn var et særligt københavnsk blad, og det læstes fortrinsvis af de dannede borgere. Det var desuden i sin levetid et af de væsentligste blade, hvor bl.a. mange af de vigtigste litterære fejder stod.Allerede i 1825 afhændede Soldin redaktionen af bladet til Frederik Thaarup. Omgangskredsen frygtede for bladets skæbne, og selv sagde Soldin, at han ved overgivelsen til Thaarup havde sørget for, at de fik "kristelig Begravelse". Det var dog ikke Thaarup, der lagde det i graven, for efter 6 år på posten overlodes det til Hans Christian Wosemose, Claudius Rosenhoff og J. H. Stabell som omdøbte det til Allernyeste Skilderie. Det levede endnu 6 år, men i 1837, samme år som Soldin døde, gik bladet endeligt ind. - Bibl. Danica IV: 614.

Chicago, 1953. Lex 8vo. Entire volume present. Contemporary brown half cloth with type-written paper title-label to spine. A nice and clean copy. Pp. 317-324. [Entire volume: VI, 10, (2), 819, (1) pp]. Seminal first printing of the groundbreaking paper that founded the field of antidepressant medicine, being the paper that reported for the first time the first discovery in the antidepressant field, namely the first specific antidepressant drug. It is with the report of the present paper that isoniazide becomes the first antidepressant in clinical history, thus founding a field that the modern world could hardly be imagined without, sparking a kind of treatment that is now presumably the most frequently prescribed in the Western world. "As far as can be ascertained, the present study is the first in which isoniazid has been employed in the treatment of anxiety states and psychoneurotic, agitated, and manic-depressive depressions." (Present paper, p. 318).In 1951 a series of hydrazide derivatives was introduced for the treatment of tuberculosis, the best known of them being isoniazid and iproniazid. Isoniazid was not a newly discovered drug, having been synthesized in 1912, but its recognized success against tuberculosis was. The impact of the drug was truly remarkable and stories of the effect on patients came from various places, most dramatically from New York's Sea View Hospital. These reports captured the attention of the media; e.g. "Life" magazine ran an article showing patients dancing in the wards. "These articles caught the attention of many psychiatrists. Phyychiatrists throughout the United States were tempted to prescribe these compounds for mental health purposes, given the effects of these drugs to boost appetite, cause weight gain, increase vitality, and improve sleep. The conventional wisdom is that no indications emerged from any of these efforts.Stimulated by the reports of improved sleep and appetite by Robitzek et al. (1952) and probably the feature in "Life", Max Lurie and Harry Salzer made the first discovery in the antidepressant field in 1952. following the suggestions that isoniazid appeared to treat tuberculosis and enhance the sense of well-being of the patients receiving the drug, Lurie, like Jackson Smith thought isoniazid might be a useful agent to help depressed patients... Lurie was probably the person who coined the term "antidepressant" in 1952." (Weissman: Treatment of Depression. Bridging the 21st Century, pp. 10-11)."On June 4, 1953, a paper was read before the section on nervous and mental diseases at the 102nd annual session of the American Medical Association in New York detailing the effects of isoniazid in forty-one patients suffering from anxiety and depression. Two-thirds of those to whom it was given improved, and among those improving were a number who had previously only responded to ECT. Improvement took up to three weeks to appear. The authors were Harry Slzer, an assistant professor of neurology at the Cincinatti College of Medicine, and Max Lurie, an instrutor in psychiatry at the same university. Both were attending psychiatrists at the Cincinatti General Hospital." (Healy: The Antidepressant Era, p. 72). Salzer and Lurie thus became the first to recognize, test, and describe the effects of an actual, clinical, antidepressant drug (i.e. in the present paper). "This report deals with the early results noted in a group of 41 patients, most of whom were suffering from depressive states of the psychoneurotic, agitated, or manic-depressive types, and one of whom had a pure anxiety state. They were given isoniazid, and the effect on their mental status, as well as on their various symptoms, was studied." (Present paper, p. 318).The discovery of antidepressants must count as one of the most important discoveries for modern man. According to a government study, antidepressants have now become the most commonly prescribed drugs in the United States. They're prescribed more than drugs to treat high blood pressure, high cholesterol, asthma, or headaches. In its study, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention looked at 2.4 billion drugs prescribed in visits to doctors and hospitals in 2005. Of those, 118 million were for antidepressants. The same tendency occurs througout the rest of the Western World.

Uppsala, Magnus Swederus, 1777. 8vo. In a nice contemporary half calf binding with richly gilt spine. Light occassional marginal miscolouring. Plates closely trimmed but generally a very nice copy. (2), (24), 376, (4) pp. + 12 plates and 2 folded maps. First edition of von Troil’s seminal work on Iceland's geology, flora, fauna, climate, and geography, contributing to the broader scientific understanding of the region during the 18th century. Von Troil's writings about his travels in Iceland helped popularize the island as a destination for European travelers and intellectuals. His account was influential in shaping perceptions of Iceland in the broader European consciousness. “One aim of the Enlightenment period was “to observe everything” on a journey, and Uno von Troil was one of many young scholars who followed these ideas. He seems to have had a general interest in natural history, humanitarian matters and local traditions as well as specialist knowledge in languages, history, philosophy and theology. His initial period abroad – 1770 to 1772 – included visits and regular attendance on lectures at several universities as well as network-building with learned men, particularly in Göttingen. At the arrival in France, he came in contact with the Enlightenment philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) and Denis Diderot (1713-1784) among others in Paris. The glimpse into the world of these well-known men – more than thirty years his senior – may have influenced him in many ways. To have met Diderot for instance, at the time for his ongoing editing of the Encyclopédie must have been an inspiration for a young man like von Troil, who in the coming year got the possibility to amass facts from a wide range of subjects on the Iceland journey – including weaving, local clothes as well as trade in wool and eiderdown. In the smaller format, it almost became like an encyclopaedia of Icelandic traditions. It is noticeable too, that von Troil had no prior knowledge of the planned Iceland journey when arriving in London 1772, for the reason that Joseph Banks (1743-1820) had changed his travelling arrangements in short notice. James Cook (1728-1779) actually departed without him and found other botanists to explore the flora and fauna on his second voyage, which set sail in July 1772 – that is to say in the same month as the Iceland journey. Uno von Troil came to accompany the twelve-man crew – primarily invited due to his interest in the Icelandic language – on an expedition led by the naturalist Joseph Banks.” (Linda Hall Library) The present work was shortly after publication translated into several other languages: German (1779); English (Letters on Iceland, 1780-83); French (1781) and Dutch (1784). Fiske 608

(Vendome), Presses Universitaires de France, (1957). 8vo. In the original stapled printed wrappers. Offprint from "Les Études Philosophiques", October-December, 1956. Has been bended vertically and has some minor miscolouring to extremities, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Pp. 567-584. Scarce first edition, off-print in the original wrappers, of Lacan's famous work on psychoanalysis, in which he revived Freudian psychoanalysis. The present publication marks a major turning point in Lacanian and French psychoanalysis in general with the split between Lacan and The International Psycho-Analytical Association (IPA) and the later founding of Lacan's own 'SCHOOL' in 1964.Lacan's famous "return to Freud" emphasizes a renewed attention to the original texts of Freud, and included a radical critique of Ego psychology. Lacan has been called "the most controversial psycho-analyst since Freud" mainly because of his (selective) revival of Freud and his quarrel with the IPA - the present publication not only marks the revival of Freud, it also initiates the split with the IPA.The main reason for the split between between the IPA and Lacan was Lacan's use of sessions of variable duration which the IPA did not advocate:"After (Lacan's) resigning from the IPA-affiliated Société Psychanalytique de Paris (SPP) in 1953, to join the newly founded Société Francaise de Psychoanalyse (SFP), Lacan was informed by letter that this also meant that he was no longer a member of the IPA. From that moment on Lacan until his dead Lacan and the IPA were at loggerheads. Lacan criticized both the institutional structure and the dominant theoretical tendencies of the IPA. [...]. Lacan argued that Freud had organized the IPA in such a way because that was the only way to assuring that his theories, misunderstood by all his first followers, remain intact for someone else (Lacan) to disinter and resuscitate later on. The IPA was, in other words, like a tomb whose only function was to preserve Freud's doctrine despite the ignorance of the members of the association, the implication being that once Lacan had breathed new life into the doctrine [which he did with the present publication], the IPA no longer had any valid function at all. (Evans, An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis).

Koppenhagen, (Colophon: Mads Vingaard - zu kauff bey Heinrich Waldkirch), 1597. 4to. Indbundet i et 1700-tals helbind i masrmoreret kalveskind. 5 ophøjede bind på ryggen. Rig forgyldning i rygfelterne. Forgyldt titeletiket. Lidt slid langs kanter. marmorerede forsatse. Titelbladet trykt i rødt og sort. Rigsvåbnet i træsnit på A3 verso.(104) unnummererede blade. Lettere bladgulning i starten, spredte brunpletter, nogle blade i midten med svage marginalskjolder. Øverst på et af de forreste friblade signeret "Oldenburg" (Frederik Oldenburg, assessor i Højesteret, historiker og kendt bogsamler). Originaludgaven af August Erichs kendte førstehåndsberetning om Christian IV's kroning. Året efter blev værket udgivet på dansk."August Erich calls himself "German Secretary to his Royal Majesty". He was present at the ceremonious coronation of King Christian IV August 29, 1596, and describes the various processions, festivities and tournaments. He also records the names of the persons taking part in the coronation and how they were dressed." (Thesaurus I, 230).Lauritz Nielsen, 573. - Bibl. Dan.III,70. - Thesaurus I,230.

(Princeton, NJ.), Annals of Mathematics, 1938 a. 1940. Both papers in orig. printed wrappers. Offprints from "Annals of Mathematics", Vol. 39, No. 1, january, 1938 and Vol. 41, No. 2, April, 1940. Pp. 65-100 and pp. 455-464. Both clean and fine. This copy has belonged to Abraham Pais (1918-2000) - the famous Einstein scholar, theoretical physicist and Einsteins collegue at Princeton - and having his name on top of both frontwrappers "A Pais". First editions, in the scarce offprint versions, of Einstein's last and highly important contributions to General relativity, and in which is shown that the equation of motion follows directly from the field equation that defined the geometry."Einstein's last importent contribution to general relativity deals again with the problem of motion. It is the work done with Leopold Infeld and Banash Hoffmann on the N-body problem of motion. In these papers, the gravitational field is no longer treated as external. Instead, it and the motion of its (singular) sources are treated simultaneously. Anew approximationscheme is introduced in which the fields are no longer necessarily weak but in which the source velocities are small compared with the light velocity .... The equations obtained have found use in situations where Newtonian interaction must be included. '(These equations) are widely used in analyses of planetary orbits in the solarsystem. For example, the Cal Tech Jet Propulsion Laboratory uses them, in modified form, to calculate ephmerides for high-precision tracking of planets and spacecraft."(Pais "Subtle is the Lord", p. 290-91)."The problem of the equation of motion of bodies is the following. The 1916 theory had a classical structure in the sense that there were both field equations (the curvature of space-time is determined by the mass and motion of bodies in space-time) and equations of motion of bodies (the world line of small mass is a geodesic). Are these two statements really separate? If the field equations were linear, they indeed would be. They are not linear, however, and Einstein showed (in the papers offered) that if matter is represented by a point singularity of the metric field, these singularities are located on world lines that are geodesics of space-time, provided its metric satisfies the equation of general relativity."(DSB).Weil: 202 a. 295 (both with an asterix denoting a major paper). - Boni: 236 a. 236.1.

Geneve, Barrillot & Fils, 1747. 4to. Contemporary full vellum with gilt title-label to spine. Binding a bit soiled, but overall nice and tight. Title-page a bit toned, but otherwise very nice and clean. XXIV, 352 pp. The uncommon first edition of Burlamaqui's groundbreaking main work - the only work that he himself published - which, with its vision of constitutionalism, constituted a major influence upon the American Founding Fathers. It is in the present work that the quest for happiness as a natural human right is articulated for the first time, a principle that Thomas Jefferson, directly influenced by the present work, later restated in the Declaration of Independence. Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui (1694-1748) was very well respected as an eminent legal and political theorist. He was born in Geneva, and at the age of 25, he was designated honorary professor of ethics and the law of nature at the university there. Before taking up the appointment, he travelled through France and England, where he made the acquaintance of the most eminent writers of the period. Upon his return, he began lecturing and soon gained a wide reputation for his eloquence and for the precision of his views. In his introduction, Nugent (in his 1748 translation of the work into English) said of Burlamaqui: "His singular beauty consists in the alliance he so carefully points out between ethics and jurisprudence, religion and politics, after the example of Plato and Tully, and the other illustrious masters of antiquity."Burlamaqui's lectures drew many foreign students to Geneva, and his natural law treatise, the only work that he published in his life-time, was translated into English, Latin, Dutch, Danish, Italian, and Spanish and was republished in more than sixty different editions. The English translation became a standard textbook both at Cambridge and at the foremost American colleges. Burlamaqui's work was well known by the Founding Fathers, and his writings exerted considerable influence on the American constitutional system. Burlamaqui's work also exercised considerable influence upon the likes of Rousseau and Diderot.

Kjøbenhavn, (ca. 1861-62). Lille folio. 27,5x18 cm. I orig. rosa helshirmappe med blindtryk og forgyldt bogstavering på forperm. Den sarte shirtmappe usædvanlig velbevaret bortset fra at den er lettere falmet. Med Litograferet titelblad, 1 blad med trykt indholdsfortegnelse samt alle 30 pragtfulde farvelitograferede plancher. Sandsynlivis med supplerende håndkolorering. Eksemplaret her stammer fra H.I. Andersen bibliotek. Den sjældne originaludgave. I Rosenkilde og Baggers beskrivelse af værket fra H.I. Andersens salgskatalog anføres, at førsteudgaven af Lund's billedværk er håndkoloreret af kunstneren selv. Givet er det, at farvelitografiet har fået en supplerende farvelægning.

Brünn, 1867. 8vo. Entire volume present. Uncut and unopened in the original printed wrappers. A few tears and lacks of paper to extremities. Paper spine (entirely present) kept together by tape. Internally completely fresh. Pp. (160) - 172. [Entire volume: XXII, (2), 87, (1), 236, (2) pp.]. Extremely scarce first edition of the fifth meteorological publication (from the same periodical in which "Über Pflanzen-Hybriden" was published the year before) by the founder of genetics, Gregor Mendel. The paper represents an important contribution to the emergence of exact weather-forecasting and helped found Mendel's reputation as the leading meteorologist of Moravia.Apart from plant growing and seeding, Gregor Mendel's main interest lay in the field of meteorology, to which he contributed substantially throughout many years of his life. Mendel was a farmer's son and grew up with farm growing. His great interest in the science of meteorology may be partly explained by his background, as he was very much aware of the tremendous influence of the weather on the productivity and harvesting of crops. The idea behind his precise meteorological observations, the first official one of which he made in 1848, was for him to become able to make reliable weather predictions - a thing which would be of great value to farmers especially. From 1848 to 1862 Mendel and Dr. Pavel Olexik recorded a series of observations, which they presented at the first meeting of the newly established Brünn Natural Science Society. After that Mendel began supplying the Vienna Meteorological Institute with the data of his daily observations in Brünn. It was due to Mendel and other experts on the subject that the institute began publishing daily weather reports and forecasts in the 1870'ies, as they had been persuaded of the value of such reports and forecasts to farmers. "Mendel began his meteorological studies in 1856 and was soon recognized as the only authority on this subject in Moravia. In his first meteorological paper, published in 1863, he summarized graphically the results of observations at Brno, using the statistical principle to compare the data for a given year with the average conditions of the previous fifteen years. Between 1863 and 1869, the paper was followed by five similar communications concerned with the whole of Moravia... In 1877, with his support, weather forecasts for farmers in Moravia were issued, the first in central Europe... These studies [i.e. the meteorological ones]... have much in common methodologically with his studies of hybridization. They grew out of his habit of scrupulously collecting and recording data, thinking in quantitative terms, and subjecting observational data to statistical treatment " (D.S.B. IX:279)."Note that his meteorological work was well known and highly regarded during his lifetime, but is now almost forgotten. By contrast, his work with peas, to which he devoted only eight years, was ignored during his lifetime, but is now highly regarded." (Corcos & Monaghan, Gregor Mendel's Experiments on Plant Hybrids, 1966, p. 32). According to Dictionary of Scientific Biography, "The "Verhandlungen" was distributed to 134 scientific institutions in various countries, including those in New York, Chicago, and Washington." It is generally accepted that no more than 200 copies of the "Verhandlungen" were published, and the surviving volumes are of great scarcity.

Basel, Io. Bebelium, 1534. Folio. Smukt nyere helldrbd. i flammet kalv, ophøjede bind på ryg udført i gl. stil. (16),189 blade. Titelbladet opsat med lidt skjolder og reparationer. Fra fol 127 starter en svag skjold i indre margin som gennem siderne breder sig i teksten. Fol 187-89 repareret med tab af lidt tekst i nederste hjørner. Lidt brunpletter og svage skjolder, mest i marginer. Første tekstside med bred træskåren ramme efter forlæg af Hans Holbein. Iøvrigt en del træskårne initialer.Folio. Beautiful recent full mottled calf binding in old style w. raised bands on back. Title-page mounted w. a few restorations and a bit of waterstaining. From f. 127 and throughout weak foxing to inner margin, which further on streches out into the text. Ff. 187-189 repaired w. a bit of loss of text to lower corners. A few brownspots and weak waterstaining, mostly marginal. First leaf of text w. a broad woodcut frame, made after Holbein. Many woodcut initials. (16), 189 ff. The rare Basel-edition of Saxo. It is the second Saxo-edition, but it is rarer than the first. Ther present work constitute the first full history of Denmark for posterity and to this day the most important of all Danish historical publications. This magnificent work contains the first known written narrative of the legend of Hamlet and served as the basis for Shakespeare's play. Denne såkaldte Basel-udgave er anden trykte Saxo-udgave og regnes for den mest sjældne.Adams S,631. - Lauritz Nielsen, 241.

Strassbourg, Hans Schotten, 1545. Folio. Later hcalf (mid 19th century). Gilt spine, raised bands and with gilt lettering. A large crowned monogram, stamped in gold, on frontcover. Title in red/black with large coat of arms in woodcut. (8), 504, (10) pp. Colophon-leaf with printed monogram in woodcut and with errata. many historical initials in woodcut. 10 first leaves waterstained in a small part of upper margins, 70 first and last 50 leaves with dampstaining on foot. First German edition. Brunet III:696. Bibl. Danica II, 593 . This is a separate edition of the Denmark part of the first edition of Krantz' important chronicle of the Nordic countries, with new title pages and with the arms of Frederick III. Albert Krantz (c. 1450 - December 7, 1517), German historian, was a native of Hamburg. He studied law, theology and history at Rostock and Cologne, and after travelling through western and southern Europe was appointed professor, first of philosophy and subsequently of theology, in the University of Rostock, of which he was rector in 1482. In 1493 he returned to Hamburg as theological lecturer, canon and prebendary in the cathedral. By the senate of Hamburg he was employed on more than one diplomatic mission abroad, and in 1500 he was chosen by the king of Denmark and the duke of Holstein as arbiter in their dispute regarding the province of Dithmarschen. As dean of the cathedral chapter, to which office he was appointed in 1508, Krantz applied himself with zeal to the reform of ecclesiastical abuses, but, though opposed to various corruptions connected with church discipline, he had little sympathy with the drastic measures of Wycliffe or Huss. With Martin Luther's protest against the abuse of Indulgences he was in general sympathy, but with the reformer's later attitude he could not agree. When, on his death-bed, he heard of the ninety-five theses, he is said, on good authority, to have exclaimed: "Brother, Brother, go into thy cell and say, God have mercy upon me!" Krantz died on the 7th of December 1517.Krantz was the author of a number of historical works which for the period when they were written are characterized by exceptional impartiality and research. The principal of these are Chronica regnorum aquilonarium Daniae, Sveciae, et Noruagiae (Strassburg, 1546); Vandalia, sive Historia de Vandalorum jerq origine, etc. (Cologne, 1518); Saxonia (1520); and Metropolis, sive Historia de ecclesiis sub Carolo Magno in Saxonia (Basel, 1548).Brunet III,696. - Bibl. Danica II, 593 .

Paris, De L'Imprimerie de la République, An V (1797). 4to. Uncut and partially unopened. Contemporary manuscript-binding. Provenance: With the exlibris of Stillman Drake - one of the most renown Galileo scholars. Some light brown spotting through out. Otherwise a very good copy. (4),VIII,276 pp. First edition, first printing. Several bibliographies mention that there are two issues of the first edition, with no priority established - one with 277 numbered pages and another with 276 numbered pages which compromises Vol. III of the ninth cahier of the 'Journal de l'Ecole Polytechnique' (see Norman 1258 for example). However, the second mentioned printing was first published in 1801 (See Prof. Craig G. Fraser's article in "Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940", pp. 258-276).Lagrange is the great formulizer of his time. In his masterpiece 'Méchanique Analytique' from 1788 he freed Newtonian mechanics from synthetic and geometrical reasoning by reducing the theory of mechanics and the art of solving problems in that field to the mere solution of general formulas. In this work, the 'Théorie des fonctions analytiques', Lagrange attempted to give calculus an algebraic foundation and avoid the employment of infinitely small quantities. In this work Lagrange developed a systematic foundation of the calculus. Throughout the eighteenth century a critical attitude had developed both within mathematics and within general scientific culture. Bishop George Berkeley had already in 1734 in his work 'The Analyst' called attention to what he perceived as logical weaknesses in the reasonings of the calculus arising from the employment of infinitely small quantities. And by the end of the century a growing interest in the foundations of analysis was reflected in the decisions of the academies of Berluin and Saint Petersburg to devote prize competitions to the metaphysics of the calculus and the nature of the infinite. In Original contributions: Lagrange's conception of theorem-proving in analysis; his derivation of what is today called the Lagrange remainder in the Taylor expansion of a function; his formulation of the multipiler rule in the calculus of variations; and his account of sufficiency questions in the calculus of variations.Barchas 1198. Riccardi I (2), 3. Norman 1258. Honeyman 1881, Stanitz ,

Frankfurt am Main, Wolffgang Hoffmann, 1635. Folio (340 x 220 mm). In contemporary vellum with blind tooled frames to boards and yapp edges. Small white paper label to upper part of spine, indicating the number in an estate library. A fine copy. (46), 962, 969-1316 pp. + 37 engraved plates, the majority being double-page. Wanting the frontispiece. First edition, rarely found in such nice condition as here, of this monumental and beautifully illustrated work, often regarded as being one of the best documentations on the era of the Thirty Years’ War, that of Louis XIV and early modern Europe in general. The work continued to be published by various authors and editors up till 1728 and ended with 21 volumes. Wüthrich III, S.121.

Hannover, Adolph Wecken, 1764. 4to. In contemporary marbled paper covered boards. Spine missing and boards partly detached. Internally nice and clean. (2), 57 pp. + 2 folded plates. The exceedingly rare first edition of Hartmann’s work on lightning and electrical storms, in which he discusses the significance of researching storm electricity, noting the broader value of understanding electrical and magnetic forces. He points out that even if immediate practical applications are not apparent it could be possible to harness the energy in the future. Hartmann's research on electricity was a continuation of the scientific revolution in electrical studies that Benjamin Franklin had worked on the previous decade. We have only been able to trace one copy in the trade. Not in Poggendorff.

Budapest, Kiadja A. K. M., 1884. 8vo. In the publisher's original two embossed full red cloth bindings with gilt lettering to spine. Small vague stamp to both half-titles. Hindges loose on volume i. A fine fine and clean copy. LXXI, (1), 542 pp.; VII, 5, 436 pp. The exceedingly rare first Hungarian translation of Darwin's The Descent of Man. "Compared with the original and with a biography by Margó Tivador" (Freeman). The Hungarian public was introduced to Darwinism early on when Ferenc Jánosi reviewed The Origin of Species in the Budapesti Szemle (Budapest Review) a half year after it first appeared in English. Darwin's principal works were first published in Hungarian translation by the Royal Hungarian Natural Science Society (Királyi Magyar Természettudományi Társulat). The Origin of Species, translated by László Dapsy, was published in 1873; The present work in 1884 and a few years later, in 1897, the latter work was translated anew and published by László Seress. "It is characteristic of the enlightened spirit of the country in this period that Darwin received academic recognition earlier in Hungary than in England. Although Cambridge did not honor Darwin until 1879, he was elected an honorary member of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1872, the same year on this occasion the renowned Hungarian zoologist Tivadar Margó visited him at Down.Historical circumstances played a major role in this quick appearance of Darwinism and its popularity in Hungary. The failure of the 1848-49 revolution and war of independence seemingly put an end to progressive political discourse, signaling an ideological crisis among the intelligentsia. In this context, the natural sciences with their 'eternal truths' promised a way out, inasmuch as science's promised objectivity might well serve as a politically neutral expression of progressive values" (Mund, The Reception of Charles Darwin in Nineteenth-Century Hungarian Society)."Darwin wrote, in the preface to the second edition, of 'the fiery ordeal through which this book has passed'. He had avoided the logical outcome of the general theory of evolution, bringing man into the scheme, for twelve years, and in fact it had, by that time, been so much accepted that the clamour of the opposition was not strident. He had also been preceded in 1863 by Huxley's Man's place in nature. The book, in its first edition, contains two parts, the descent of man itself, and selection in relation to sex. The word 'evolution' occurs, for the first time in any of Darwin's works, on page 2 of the first volume of the first edition, that is to say before its appearance in the sixth edition of The origin of species in the following year." (Freeman).Freeman no. 1084.

London, J. Brotherton, 1735. 12mo. Bound in one beautiful contemporary full mottled calf binding with four raised bands and red title-label with gilt lettering to spine. Single gilt line-border to boards, inside which a lovely blindstamped ornamental border to one side. All edges of boards with blindstamped ornamentations. P. 1 has a contemporary neat inscription reading: "Exam.d Morris" - in the author's own hand? Macclesfield copy, with the armorial bookplate of Earls of Macclesfield to pasted down front end-paper and Shirburn Castle (seat of the Earls of Macclesfield) armorial blindstamp to first four leaves Ex-libris. A lovely, clean, and crisp copy. IV, 48 + (2), 92 pp. Exceedingly scarce first edition of Morris' book of tables for renewing and purchasing leases in relation to age, being the most accurate and comprehensive list of tables published at the time. The work was considered controversial due to the proposed fall in rent in relation to age, which was seen as a discrimination against young people; a concept which today has been implemented in virtually all aspects of banking and insurance. "As late as 1735, Gael Morris, a writer of commercial manuals on annuities and leases, explained that annuities could frequently be purchased cheaper on lives aged between 30 and 40 than on lives under 25 because 'the Hazards of Persons between 15 and 25 are so many' - a conclusion making some intuitive sense but strictly at odds with the lessons taught by Halley's table. There seems to have existed, in short, a deep reluctance to embrace the discovery that the value of annuities and land leases made for the duration of a life (or lives) varied predictably with the age(s) of the lessee(s)." (Clark, Betting On Lives: The Culture of Life Insurance in England, 1695-1775, p. 116).Gael Morris worked as a mathematician and astronomer and was the assistant of British astronomer James Bradley for several years, where he helped to compute tables of planetary orbits.The work is of the utmost scarcity, with only five copies listed on OCLC (two in the US) and merely one copy listed at auction within the last 40 years (being this copy). Goldsmith: 7269.Hanson: 4767Macclesfield: 1455

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Gilt spine. Wear to top of spine and with 2 tears to hinges at upper spine. Inner backhinge nearly broken. A stamp to foot of a few leaves In: 'Zeitschrift für Physik', Volume 31. VIII,952 pp., textillustr. (Entire volume offered). Pauli's paper: pp.765-783. Internally clean and fine. First edition of the first announcement of Pauli's Exclusion Principle which gives a criterion for the electronic structure of atoms, and explains the periodic table and the combining properties of the elements.Pauli first formulated his exclusion principle in this article in an attempt to explain the structure of the periodic table. By introducing an additional quantum number, namely the spin of an electron, to the already known three quantum numbers in Bohr's atom model, and by postulating that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers, Pauli could explain the number of electrons allowed in the outermost shell, e.g., explaining the varying lengths of successive periods in the table. The exclusion principle turned out to be applicable to all fermions, and thus plays a role in a variety of physical phenomena. For example it explains the formation of degenerate matter in white dwarfs and neutron stars. In 1945 Pauli received the Nobel Prize in physics "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle".This volume also contains a paper by Heisenberg: 'Über eine Anwendung des Korrespondenzprinzips auf die Frage der Polarisation des Floureszenzlichtes' , A. Einstein: "Bemerkung zu P. Jordans Abhandlung "Zur Theorie der Quantenstrahlung"and another paper by Pauli: 'Über den Einfluss der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Elektronenmasse auf den Zeemaneffekt' (Zeeman-Effect and the Dependence of Electron-Mass on the Velocity).

Paris, Hachette, 1843. 8vo. Bound in a beautiful contemporary half calf binding with four raised bands and elegant gilding to spine. Fine, elegant super ex-libris to front board (Lycée Louis le Grand, Université de France), inside blindtamped border. A bit of occasional brownspotting. An excellent and very beautiful copy. (4), VIII, 448 pp. + one plate. The rare first edition of the work in which the theory of probability is stated clearly and completely for the first time, making it of the utmost importance to mathematics, logic, philosophy, economics, and philosophy of science.The work "is important in the theory of probability, since it examines in an original way the interpretation and foundations of this calculus and its applications." (D.S.B. III:451). Cournot insists on a clear distinction between "objective possibility" and "subjective possibility", and to that he himself adds that which he calls "philosophical probability". "Of course, Cournot neither solved nor satisfactorily stated the problem of the logical foundation of the calculus of probability. But he had the distinction of having been the first to dissociate -in a radical way- various ideas that still were obscure, thus opening the way for deeper and more systematic research..." (D.S.B. III:451).Whereas Bernoulli was the first to actually formulate the theory of probability often called "the principle of moral certainty", Cournot, in the present work, is the first to suggest that it provides a bridge between the mathematics of probability and the real world. It is Cournot's theory of probability that Borel later develops further and calls "the only law of chance".

Leipzig, Felix Meiner, 1931. The entire volume present. 8vo. Orig. printed green wrappers. Sunning to spine, and a bit of soiling and minor wear to front wrapper w. minor loss of upper layer of paper at two pages, not gone through paper. A few leaves w. marginal markings, quite discreet. Library marking to inside of front wrapper, library stamp to title-page (Mathematical Institute of the University of Amsterdam). Overall a fine and nice copy. Pp. (91) - 105 + (106) - 115 + (116) - 121. The entire volume: (2) pp., Pp. (91) - 190. First edition of the Erkenntnis-volume from the Königsberg congress of 1930, where Gödel introduced his incompleteness results and Carnap, Heyting and von Neumann held the seminal papers (here printed for the first time) that ended the "Grundlagenkrise der Mathematik" (foundational crisis of mathematics). It is also in this volume that the seminal discussions following Gödel's announcements of his results are printed for the first time ("Discussion on the Foundation of Mathematics", between Gödel, von Neumann, Carnap, Hahn, Reidemeister, Heyting, and Scholz) (Gödel, Collected Works, 1931a) as well as the article which inaugurated the logicist foundation of mathematics, in which the modern sense of "logicism" is introduced (Carnap's contribution).In Königsberg in September 1930, Gödel presented his incompleteness results, a landmark in mathematical logic, at the second congress of scientific epistemology, -a congress which proved to be a turning point in the history of philosophical and mathematical logic. It is the papers presented at this congress which are printed in the present volume, apart from the contributions by Gödel and Scholtz (which were printed elsewhere) together with the seminal discussions that followed the presentation of the papers. The groundbreaking papers that are printed here include Carnap's "Die Logizistische Grundlegung der Mathematik", which furthermore introduced the modern sense of the term "logicism", Arend Heyting's "Die intuitionistische Grundlegung der Mathematik" and Johann von Neumann's "Die formalistische Grundlegung der Mathematik" as well as papers by Neugebauer, Reichenbach and Heisenberg. The present papers, as well as the following discussion, mark a turning point in the history of logic and a cornerstone in the future development of the field. The so-called "Foundational Crisis of Mathematics" was a phase within mathematics begun in the early 20th century due to the search for proper foundations of mathematics and the uncertainty of this quest, which was supported by the many difficulties that philosophy of mathematics faced at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century . The crisis took its actual beginning with the publication of Russell's "principles of Mathematics" of 1903, culminated in the 1920'ies with the main advocates of Formalism and Intuitionism respectively, Hilbert and Brouwer, in what is called the "foundational struggle of mathematics", and ended with the present volume in 1931, following the congress of 1930.With the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry in the 18th century, it became evident that not only one sort of mathematics was possible, and even that some propositions could be true in one mathematical system, but false in another. This was the actual basis for the awareness of a mathematical foundation in the mathematical public, which again was the basis for the fact that the question of the foundation of mathematics could develop -and could develop into an actual crisis. During the first 30 years of the 20th century, almost all great mathematicians worked on their answer to the question of the correct foundation of mathematics, and thus it came to a crisis that developed into a struggle. It is this struggle and crisis that Carnap, Heyting and von Neumann break in 1930, where they present the three great positions of the struggling years: logicism (Carnap), intuitionism (Heyting) and formalism (von Neumann), and it is these three papars that pave the way for the discussion that follows, "Diskussion zur Grundlegung der Mathematik", between Gödel, Hahn, Carnap, Heyting, von Neumann, Reidemeister, and Scholz. They all presented their positions in the most conciliatory manner, out of the comprehension that all parties who had contributed to the crisis had also contributed because they wanted to solve it, and because they were also searching for the best possible foundation. It is also this comprehension that Hilbert takes over, when he, in his program, sets out to prove the contradiction-freedom of infinite mathematics on the basis of finite arithmetic.Thus, the seminal papers in the present volume once and for all ended the foundational crisis of mathematics and any fear of new antinomies.

Leipzig, J.G.J. Breitkopf und Comp, 1793. 8vo. Bound in one very nice contemporary half calf binding with beautifully gilt title- and tome-labels to spine. Corners bumped. Internally very fresh and clean. A very nice, clean, and fresh copy. Woodcut vignettes to all title-pages. (8), CLXXII, 258; 245, (1); 238 pp. Extremely scarce first edition of Hausius' classic on the critical philosophy of Kant, which constitutes the first collection of materials pertaining to the reception of Kant's philosophy, a work of utmost importance to Kant scholarship and to establishing the entire Critical tradition. The work, which appeared in the same year as Kant's third and final Critique, constitutes an invaluable source for anyone interested in the early development of critical philosophy, "a work which is as valuable as it is rare." (Adickes)."The Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is without question one of the landmarks of the entire history of Western philosophy, comparable in its importance and influence to only a handful of other works such as Plato's Republic, Aristotle's organon of logical works, and Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy. The Critique was first published in 1781, after a decade of intensive preparation,1 and within a few years became the center of attention in German philosophy,and shortly after that in other European countries with advanced philosophical culture such as Britain and France as well.2 - 2: As early as 1793, Karl Gottlob Hausius was able to publish a three-part collection of Materialen zur Geschichte der critischen Philosophie("Materials for the History of the Critical Philosophy") (Leipzig: Breitkopf, 1793)." (Poul Guyer, The Cambridge Companion to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, p. 1). " "Materialien zur Geschichte der Critischen Philosophie. In Drey Sammlungen. Nebst Einer historischen Einleitung zur Geschichte der Kantischen Philosphie. " A work which is as valuable as it is rare. After a preface of eight pages, and a table of contents, follows [pp. III - XCVI] a fairly complete bibliography of writings UPON Kant, up to 1793 inclusive [...], of 243 titles [no. 244 is given as an addendum, pp. CLXXI, CLXXIII]. The remarks appended to most af the works cited [some lines to two pages long] are, so far as I have examined them, and I have identified a majority, reviews or portions of reviews from the A.D.B. and the Th.A. The works are grouped in four classes: [1] those of speculative and [2] practical content; [3] those refrring to positive religion and [4] to the history of Kantian philosophy. [...] (Erich Adickes: Bibliography of Writings by and on Kant Which Have Appeared in Germany up to the end of 1887).Only few copies are listed on OCLC, and only some of these have all three parts. It seems that four Americal Libraries own copies: Harvard (Houghton), Columbia, Cornell, and University of Southern California.

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 8vo. Contemp. hcloth. In: 'Zeitschrift für Physik', Volume 31. VIII,952 pp., textillustr. A circular stamp to titlepage.(Entire volume offered). Pauli's paper: pp.765-783. A fine and clean copy, internally as well as externally. First edition of the first announcement of Pauli's Exclusion Principle which gives a criterion for the electronic structure of atoms, and explains the periodic table and the combining properties of the elements.Pauli first formulated his exclusion principle in this article in an attempt to explain the structure of the periodic table. By introducing an additional quantum number, namely the spin of an electron, to the already known three quantum numbers in Bohr's atom model, and by postulating that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers, Pauli could explain the number of electrons allowed in the outermost shell, e.g., explaining the varying lengths of successive periods in the table. The exclusion principle turned out to be applicable to all fermions, and thus plays a role in a variety of physical phenomena. For example it explains the formation of degenerate matter in white dwarfs and neutron stars. In 1945 Pauli received the Nobel Prize in physics "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle".This volume also contains a paper by Heisenberg: 'Über eine Anwendung des Korrespondenzprinzips auf die Frage der Polarisation des Floureszenzlichtes' , A. Einstein: "Bemerkung zu P. Jordans Abhandlung "Zur Theorie der Quantenstrahlung"and another paper by Pauli: 'Über den Einfluss der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Elektronenmasse auf den Zeemaneffekt' (Zeeman-Effect and the Dependence of Electron-Mass on the Velocity).

Paris, Mondhare et jean, 1793. Small folio. (36x31 cm.). Cont. hcalf. Back somewhat rubbed and with some cracking along first hinges but tight and not loose. Engraved titlepage and engraved Table of maps (bound at end - bottom a little shawed). With 64 double-page engraved maps (the first 7 are hemispheres, world-systems etc), all handcoloured in outline. All maps have engraved text in borders. On good paper with only minor scattred brownspots in margins. (Plates numb. 1-64). Scarce last edition of Clouet's fine general atlas, first issued 1767. Phillips records 2 other editions form 1787 (Phillips No. 661) and 1791 (Phillips No. 673), but not this. - Not in Shirley: Maps and Atlases in The British Library.