Søgningsresultat

London, Taylor & Francis, 1913. 8vo. Bound together in one very nice recent marbled paper binding with gilt leather title-label to spine. Published in "The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science", Vol. 26: July 1913, No. 151 (pp. 1-232 + 6 plates) - September 1913, No 153 (pp. 381-548) - November 1913, No 155 (pp. 802-936 + 6 plates). (The 3 whole numbers of the journal offered). The Bohr papers: pp. 1-25; pp. 476-502; pp.857-875. First edition of Bohr's seminal main work, which constitutes the departure from classical theories; by incorporating Planck's quantum postulate it became possible to calculate the wavelength of the hydrogen emission and thus to explain the regularity of the Balmer-lines.In his previous paper ("On the Theory of Decrease of Velocity of Moving Electrified Particles on passing through Matter") Bohr had adopted Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom, and had become convinced that it was the peripherical electrons that determined the chemical properties of an element, whereas the nucleus determine the radioactive properties. However, Rutherford's model had an apparent explanatory problem: Why were the negatively charged electrons held away from the positive nucleus? In his doctorial dissertation on the electron theory of metals, Bohr had clarified the limitations of this theory, in particular its ability to explain magnetic properties, and he had shown how this arose from the classical nature of some of its foundations. Bohr strongly expected that the key to solving this problem was to be found in some way of introducing Planck's law of quantum action.In the beginning of 1913 Bohr heard about Rydberg's remarkable discovery in spectroscopy. Rydberg's formula could represent the frequencies of the lines of the hydrogen spectrum in the simplest form in terms of two integers. As soon as Bohr saw this formula, he immediately recognized that it gave him the missing clue to the correct way to introduce Planck's law of quantum of action into the description of the atomic systems. The rest of the academic year was spent reconstructing the whole theory upon the new foundation and expounding it in a large treatise, which was immediately published as these three papers in the 'Philosophical Magazine'. It was in these papers that Bohr first gave his postulates of the orbital structure of the electrons and their quantized radiation.Bohr's atomic theory inaugurated two of the most adventurous decades in the history of science. In 1922 Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize "for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them".Bohr introduced the following postulates: 1. An electron can revolve about its nucleus only in certain special circular orbits. 2. The ordinary electron revolves about its nucleus in an invariable orbit, without radiating or absorbing energy. 3. Radiation takes place when and only when the electron falls from an orbit with greater energy to one of less energy.Rosenfeld, Bohr Bibliography No. 6. Rosenfeld, Dictionary of Scientific Biography II, pp. 240-41. Printing and the Mind of Man: 411.

Heilbronn, C. Drechsler'schen Buchhandlung, 1845. 8vo. Nice later hcalf bound to style (pastiche). Marbled covers. Richly gilt spine, titlelabel with gilt lettering. (2),112,(2) pp. Title-page with some brownspots, some scattered brownspots. Printed on good paper. Scarce first edition - Mayer's MAGNUM OPUS - of this his most original and comprehensive paper, privately printed, BEEING THE WORK THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME INCLUDED LIVING PHENOMENA IN THE REALM OF ENERGY CONSERVATION. In this work Mayer again set out the physical basis of his theory, - in 1842 he was the first to present a figure for the mechanical equivalent of heat, and also stated his belief in the conservation of energy - "this time extending the ideal of force conservation to magnetic, electrical, and chemical forces. In Die organische Bewegung he described the basic force conversions of the organic world. Plants convert the sun’s heat and light into latent chemical force; animals consume this chemical force as food; animals then convert that force to body heat and mechanical muscle force in their life processes."(DSB).Mayer submitted this paper to Liebig's Annalen but it was rejected by an assistant editor. The assistant's advice was to try Poggendorff's Annalen, but mayer did not care to foloow that publication route again. In the end, he published the paper privately, and hoped to gain recognition by distribiting it widely. But beyond a few brief journal listings, the paper, Mayer's magnum opus, went unnoticed."After 1860, Mayer was finally given the recognition he deserved. Many of his articles were translated into English, and such well-known scientists as Rydolph Clausius in Germany and John Tyndall in England began to champion Mayer as the founder of the law of the conservation of energy."(Alan Lightman "Great Ideas in Physics", p. 8).

Altona, J.F. Hammerich, 1807. 8vo. Bound in the two nice cont. uniform cardboardbindings w. marbled paper. Gilt lines and gilt title-labels to spines. Some wear w. minor loss of paper to capitals, hinges and corners. Small hole to paper as well as to leather title-label of spine of volume two. Some brownspotting, but overall a nice and atrractive copy. Lacking the half-tilte for the first book (merely stating "Erstes Buch"). XVI, 368; VIII, 358, (1) pp. Rare first German edition of this political and economic classic, which constitutes Malthus' first major publication and his main work, because of which he is considered the father of demography and one of the main sources of inspiration for Darwin and Wallace. It is the first translation of the "Principle on Population" into any language, and it influenced German politics tremendously.The first edition was printed anonymously in London in 1798, and in 1803 the second edition, which, also according to Malthus himself, can be said to constitute a new work, appeared; -the great quarto edition from 1803 is thoroughly revised and much enlarged, the title has been changed and Malthus' name appears on the title-page for the first time, it is on this edition that all the preceding editions are based, and in consequence also the early translations. All the later editions were minor revisions of the second one. In 1806 the third edition appeared, and as soon as 1807 the first German one, which is translated from the revised third edition ("Die gegenwärtige Uebersetzung ist nach der dritten Ausgabe, Oktav, London 1806. Die Quartausgabe ist minder vollständig", Vorwort, p. V). New revisions of the text kept appearing till the sixth edition in 1826. The book, then as now, is considered highly controversial, and it has influenced all demographers ever since, as well as being of immense importance to the study of economic theory and genetic inheritance. "The "Essay" was highly influential in the progress of thought in the early nineteenth-century Europe.... "Parson" Malthus, as Cobbett dubbed him, was for many, a monster and his views were often grossly misinterpreted.... But his influence on social policy, whether for good or evil, was considerable. The Malthusian theory of population came at the right time to harden the existing feeling against the Poor Laws and Malthus was a leading spirit behind the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834." (PMM 251).Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834), called the "enfant terrible" of the economists, was an English demographer, statistician and political economist, who is best known for his groundbreaking views on population growth, presented in his "Essays on the Principle of Population", which is based on his own prediction that population would outrun food supply, causing poverty and starvation. Among other things this caused the legislation, which lowered the population of the poor in England. Malthus actually turned political, economic and social thought upside down with this work, which has caused him to be considered one of the 100 most influential persons in history (Hart, The 100: A Ranking of the most Influential Persons in History, 1978). Of course, he was condemned by Marx and Engels, and opposed by the socialists universally, but the work was of immense impact on not only politics, economics, social sciences etc, but also on natural sciences. "Later in the "Origin of Species" he [Darwin] wrote that the struggle for existence "is the doctrine of Malthus applied with manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms; for in this case there can be no artificial increase of food, and no prudential restraint from marriage" [p. 63]. Alfred Russel Wallace, who arrived at a worked-out formulation of the theory of evolution at almost precisely the same time as Darwin, acknowledged that "perhaps the most important book I read was Malthus's "Principles of Population" (My Life, p. 232). Although there were four decennial censuses before Malthus' death, he did not himself analyze the data, although he did influence Lambert Quetelet and Pierre Verhulst, who made precise statistical studies on growth of populations in developed countries and showed how the early exponential growth changed to an S curve." (DSB, IX, p. 69). As Malthus realized that his theories were not satisfactorily presented or sufficiently demonstrated in the first edition from 1798, he travelled for three years through Europe gleaning statistics, and then published the second edition in 1803. Among other places he travelled through Northern Germany, and his detailed diaries of these journeys provided him with some of the evidence necessary for the development of his theory on population growth. The observational information that he gathered on his travels in Europe were crucial to the development of his theories, which also means that the work is of great interest for other European countries, and not only Britain. "In 1819 the Royal Society elected Malthus to a fellowship. He was also a member of the French Institute and the Berlin Academy, and a founding member of the Statistical Society (1834)." (DSB, IX, p. 67). Printing and the Mind of Man 251 (first edition).

(1842) 1 leaf 8vo. With a later note in tiny neat handwriting to lower blank margin stating that Andersen's original handwritten poem was printed in "Hertha" 1842, p. 5. This excellent originally handwritten poem by the great fairy tale-author has the underlined headline "I Øehlenschlægers Album", but is also known under the title "Paa Nordens Himmel i Stjernernes Flok" (i.e. On the Sky of the North in the flock of the stars), which is also the first line of the poem. It was later printed, in the Swedish-Danish publication "Hertha", in January 1842, appeared again in "Digte, gamle og nye" in 1846, yet again in Andersen's collected works, vol XII, 252, 1879, as nr. 1 of the album leaves, and recently in a new modern Danish version by Johan de Mylius. This beautiful and treasured Andersen poem in full reads thus: Paa Nordens Himmel i Stjernernes Flok,Tycho Brahe har skrevet sit Minde,Og Thorvaldsen hug udi Fjeldets BlokSit Navn, det vil aldrig forsvinde;Du sang af dit Hjerte og Norden/ har hørtVed Dig sine største Bedrifter,Dybt Hjertets Gange har Hjerterne/ rørt,Din Storhed ei Tiden henvistner!Staaer Een i Stjernerne, Een i/ Steen,I Hjerterne veed jeg staaer ogsaa/ Een. We know that Andersen himself also treasured the poem and later also sent it to Zeise, who he hoped would translate it into German and have it published. BFN 413.

Kjøbenhavn, Bianco Luno, 1848-49 + 1849. 4to. Two volumes, both in the original blue boards with paper title-label to spine. Wear to extremities, hinges and edges of boards with loss of the blue paper, primarily affecting vol. 2. Inner hinge on vol. 2 split. Occassional brownspotting throughout. 3906, LXVI columns. (= 1986 pp.). Scarce first printing of all the minutes of The Danish Constitutional Assembly 1848-49. The Danish Constitutional Assembly of 1848-1849 was a pivotal event in Denmark’s political history, marking the transition from absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, Denmark's first democratic constitution. This assembly was organized in the wake of revolutionary movements sweeping across Europe in 1848 which sparked widespread demands for political reforms – also in Denmark. The assembly’s main achievement was the drafting and adoption of Denmark’s first democratic constitution, known as the Grundlov (The Constitution), on June 5, 1849, thus ushered a new era of constitutional rule and laying the groundwork for the modern Danish state. The constitution applying equally in the Realm of Denmark: Denmark proper, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. ”At the beginning of the 1800s demands for political reform grew around Europe. Inspired by, for example, Norway’s constitution of 1814 and the July Revolution in Paris of 1830, a national liberal movement emerged in Denmark rooted in the middle classes of Copenhagen. The national liberals made demands for representative government guaranteed by a free constitution. The peasantry organised themselves into the Society of the Friends of Peasants, which supported the liberal demands, for instance, through the weekly publication “the Friend of the Peasantry. Originating in Paris, a new wave of revolutions swept across Europe in 1848. Social and democratic reforms were demanded. In many places the calls for democracy became linked to national questions.” (National Museum of Denmark). “In 1848, Denmark was on the periphery of revolutionary Europe. In March, the outbreak of revolution in several European cities inspired Danish liberals and radicals to convene mass meetings that demanded a free constitution and universal suffrage. King Frederik VII and his advisors were equally affected by the European developments and abolished absolutism before the threat of violent conflict could be realised in the capital. The developments of March 1848 initiated a constitutional struggle that ended on 5 June 1849 when Frederik VII signed the country’s first free constitution, which came to be known as the June Constitution. In contrast to the experience in many European states, counter-revolution was absent in the Danish kingdom, and the June Constitution remained in function beyond the revolutionary years. The exception to this picture of a non-violent, almost gentle revolution are of course the developments in the duchies of Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg, where violence erupted in March 1848. Thus, the constitutional struggle in the capital was played out alongside the First Schleswig War (1848–1851) in Jutland and the duchies.” (Nørgaard, A Battle for Democracy The Concept of Democracy in the Constitutional Struggle, Denmark 1848–1849).

Warszawa, March (27th and 31st) 1956. 8vo. Original printed wrappers. With "Wylacznie do uzytku organizacji partyjnych" ("Exclusively for inner-party use") printed to top of front wrapper. Stamped serial number to front wrapper: 12861. A few light creases to wrappers. A A very nice, clean, and fresh copy.Previous owner's name to title-page. 95, (1) pp. Extremely scarce second impression, printed for private circulation only ("exclusively for inner-party use"), of one of the most important documents of the 20th century, namely Khrushchev's so-called "Secret Speech", also known as the "Khrushchev Report". This seminal speech was delivered at an unpublicized closed session of Communist Party delegates, with guests and members of the press excluded, and the present Polish version, which appeard in two different printings, of it was the only one that circulated during the Cold War, the official Russian text being unknown until its 1989 publication. The CIA counterfeit edition [falsely stating Moscow 1959] was in fact a translation into Russian from the present Polish text, which was smuggled out of Moscow and leaked, via Israel, to the USA. There are two impressions of the first edition of Khrushchev's speech, both bearing the date March 1956 and both ordered by the Polish communist party authorities in the span of March 27 - March 31. As opposed to the even scarcer first priting of the text, this second priting of 96 pages was edited to give only Khrushchev's speech (without the recorded interjections and ovations), but containing also a second part, "Unpublished materials" with Lenin's "Testament", Lenin's "On the National Question", and Stalin's notes.The present publication shook the Western world and changed our history for good. "Its consequences, by no means fully foreseen by Khrushchev, shook the Soviet Union to the core, but even more so its communist allies, notably in central Europe. Forces were unleashed that eventually changed the course of history. But at the time, the impact on the delegates was more immediate. Soviet sources now say some were so convulsed as they listened that they suffered heart attacks; others committed suicide afterwards." (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006 ).On February 24, 1956 before assembled delegates at a secret session of the Communist Party's Twentieth Congress, Nikita Khrushchev delivered his so-called "Secret Speech", denouncing Stalin for his transgressions. The public session of the 20th Congress had come to a formal end on 24 February 1956 when word was spread to delegates to return to the Great Hall of the Kremlin for an additional "closed session," to which journalists, guests, and delegates from "fraternal parties" from outside the USSR were not invited. Special passes were issued to those eligible to participate, with an additional 100 former Party members, recently released from the Soviet prison camp network. The speech was thus secretly held in this closed session, without discussion, and it was neither published as part of the congress' proceedings nor reported in the Soviet press. The speech that sent shock waves through the congress participants denounced Stalin, describing him as satanic despot and terrorist who had committed the greatest of crimes. Quoting from correspondence, memoranda and his own observations, Khrushchev gave details of Stalin's horrible actions during the Terror of the late 1930'ies, the unpreparedness of the country at the time of the Nazi invasion in June 1941, numerous wartime blunders, the deportation of various nationalities in 1943 and 1944, and the banishing of Tito's Yugoslavia from the Soviet bloc after the war. Absolving the party itself of these grave actions, Khrushchev attributed them to the "cult of personality" that Stalin encouraged and his "violations of socialist legality". According to Khrushchev's speech, Stalin was a tyrant, a murderer and torturer of party members.Khrushchev gave his grim tale of the obscene crimes committed by his predecessor, Josef Stalin, only three years after the death of Stalin, who was then celebrated as a great leader and whose death was mourned by the great majority of Soviet citizens, who saw him as a divine father. It is no wonder that this lengthy speech from their new leader completely shocked Soviet communists, being told so soon after his death that far from far from being divine, their hero Stalin was actually outright satanic. The leaders who inherited the party from the old dictator had agreed - after months of furious argument - that Khrushchev should make the speech, but on the condition that it should never be published.Khrushchev read from a prepared report and no stenographic record of the closed session was kept. No questions or debate followed Khrushchev's presentation, and it is reported that delegates left the hall in a state of complete disorientation. It is even said that several delegates suffered heart attacks and that some even committed suicide upon listening to the horrifying speech. On the evening of the congress, delegates of foreign Communist parties were called to the Kremlin and given the opportunity to read the prepared text of the Khrushchev speech, which was treated as a top secret state document. Reports of the speech soon reached the West and as early as March the contents were reported in Western media. "The content of the speech reached the west through a circuitous route. A few copies of the speech were sent by order of the Soviet Politburo to leaders of the Eastern Bloc countries. Shortly after the speech had been disseminated, a Polish journalist, Viktor Grayevsky, visited his girlfriend, Lucia Baranowski, who worked as a junior secretary in the office of the first secretary of the Polish Communist Party, Edward Ochab. On her desk was a thick booklet with a red binding, with the words: "The 20th Party Congress, the speech of Comrade Khrushchev." Grayevsky had heard rumors of the speech and, as a journalist, was interested in reading it. Baranowski allowed him to take the document home to read.As it happened, Grayevsky, who was Jewish, and had made a recent trip to Israel to visit his sick father, decided to emigrate there. After he read the speech, he decided to take it to the Israeli Embassy and gave it to Yaakov Barmor who had helped Grayevsky make his trip to visit Grayevsky's sick father. Barmor was a Shin Bet representative; he photographed the document and sent the photographs to Israel. By the afternoon of April 13, 1956, the Shin Bet in Israel received the photographs. Israeli intelligence and United States intelligence had previously secretly agreed to cooperate on security matters. James Jesus Angleton was the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) head of counterintelligence and in charge of the clandestine liaison with Israeli intelligence. The photographs were delivered to him. On April 17, 1956, the photographs reached the CIA chief Allen Dulles, who quickly informed U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After determining that the speech was authentic, the CIA leaked the speech to The New York Times in early June.""In the West, the impact of the speech received a colossal boost from the publication of the full, albeit sanitised, text in The Observer and the New York Times. This was the first time the full text had been available for public scrutiny anywhere in the world. Even local party secretaries who read it to members had to return their texts within 36 hours. (Those texts were also sanitised, omitting two incidents in the speech that Orlov related to me.)According to William Taubman, in his masterly biography of Khrushchev, the full text leaked out through Poland where, like other central European communist allies, Moscow had sent an edited copy for distribution to the Polish party." (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).The speech sent shock waves throughout the Communist world and caused many Western Communists to abandon the movement. In central Europe, the impact of the speech was enormous. By autumn Poland was ready to explode and in Hungary an anti-communist revolution overthrew the Stalinist party and government, replacing them with the short-lived reformist Imre Nagy."Some may doubt that Stalin's Soviet Union could ever have been reformed, but Khrushchev was not among them - and neither, indeed, was Gorbachev. But after two decades of decay under Brezhnev, even he could not hold the country together. It can well be argued that the 'secret speech' was the century's most momentous, planting the seed that eventually caused the demise of the USSR." (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).It is the present version of the seminal text that leaked behind the Iron Curtain. Allegedly the CIA offered USD 1.000.000 for a copy, before they came into possession of the text through other channels. Khrushchev himself stated: "It was supposed to have been secret, but in fact it was far from being secret.. our document fell into the hands of some Polish comrades who were hostile towards the Soviet Union. They used my speech for their own purposes and made copies of it. I was told that it was being sold for very little."Like the first impression, almost all the copies of this extremely scarce publication - which were all numbered and strictly registered - were withdrawn and destroyed after 11 April 1956. We have been able to locate no copies of either impression outside of Poland and can find no copies registered in OCLC.

Paris, Guillaumin et Cie, Victor Masson et Fils, 1862. 8vo. Bound partly uncut with the original wrappers in a very nice later full calf pastiche binding with four raised band and richly gilt spine. Gilt boarders to boards. Small repair to upper right corner of title-page, not affecting text. An exceptionally fine and clean copy. LXIV (incl. half-title), I-XXIII + (24-) 712. pp. and 1 folded plate (between pp.160 a. 161). The scarce first edition of the controversial first French translation - bound partly uncut and with the original wrappers - of Darwin's masterpiece, one of the most important books ever printed. This famed translation - done by self-taught female scholar - ended up causing quite a stir and adding to the theory of evolution some for Darwin quite unforeseen interpretations. Because of this, the translator, Clémence Royer, gained notoriety as one of the leading eugenicists of the time. Darwin was very eager to have his work published in French. It is not known exactly how he happened on Royer as the translator, but as she was familiar with the works of Lamarck and Malthus, immediately realized the importance of Darwin's work and also had close connections to the French publisher Guillaumin, she must have seemed perfect for the job. She had a naturalist help her with the biologically technical parts and made an excellent job of the translation. There was one big problem, however - she went well beyond her role as a translator and added a 60-page preface and numerous explanatory footnotes that Darwin had not seen before publication. In the preface, she challenged the belief in religious revelation, she discussed the application of natural selection to the human race, and she presented a pure eugenic theory, explaining the negative consequences of protecting the weak and the infirm. She also promoted her concept of progressive evolution, which had more in common with the ideas of Lamarck than with those of Darwin. Right after having seen the translation, Darwin wrote in a letter to the American botanist, Asa Gray: "I received 2 or 3 days ago a French translation of the Origin by a Madelle. Royer, who must be one of the cleverest & oddest women in Europe: is ardent deist & hates Christianity, & declares that natural selection & the struggle for life will explain all morality, nature of man, politicks &c &c!!!. She makes some very curious & good hits, & says she shall publish a book on these subjects, & a strange production it will be."After some reflection, however, Darwin began having more serious doubts, and about a month later he wrote to the French zoologist Armand de Quatrefages: "I wish the translator had known more of Natural History; she must be a clever, but singular lady; but I never heard of her, till she proposed to translate my book." He had now also read the footnotes and wrote to Joseph Hooker: "Almost everywhere in Origin, when I express great doubt, she appends a note explaining the difficulty or saying that there is none whatever!! It is really curious to know what conceited people there are in the world."Freeman No 655 (Freeman does not mention the plate, which is present here).

Sank Petersburg, Karla Kraija, 1828. 8vo. Bound uncut in one very nice contemporary green half calf binding with gilt spine. With four of the five lithographs, consisting in the large folded map of Mongolia with Iankinth's route from Peking to Kiakhta, outline-coloured in contemporary hand, the hand-coloured frontispiece-plate and three hand-coloured plates of costumes, without the one depicting the Chinese in summer dress (not always present?). A beautiful copy in absolutely excellent condition, with the frontispiece, three of the four plates, the map, both errata-leaves, both tables of contents, and title-pages for both volumes. First volume with light pencil-underlinings and light pencil-marginalia. XII, 230, (2); VI, (2), 339 pp. + frontispiece, three plates, and folded map. The exceedingly rare first edition of Monk Hyacinth's (i.e. Jakinf's/Iankinth's) important work on the history of Mongolia, which constitutes one of the earliest important travel accounts of the region since the middle ages. The work contains a description of Hyacinth's route up north of Mongolia (then under Manchu rule), a history of Mongolia and the Mongol regimes in China, descriptions of costumes, etc., and a section on regulations concerning the Mongols. As such, this important early work came to play a significant role in all later travel literature about Mongolia and was seen as a work of refenrence and great authority, which was frequently quoted by other writers on the field. "Little was reported to the West about Mongolia between the thirteenth and nineteenth centuries. During this period the Mongol empire rapidly disintegrated... When Christian missionaries began arriving in (Outer) Mongolia, beginning in 1798, they found an impoverished people ruled by a "living Buddha", the Bogd Khan... The Catholic missionaries was followed by a wave of Protestant missionaries" (Speake 2: 803), but most of the accounts of these missionaries are from the late nineteenth century and thus much later than Hyacinth's. "The archimandrate Hyacinth, late chief of the Russian mission at Peking, from whnce he returned in 1821, with Mr. Timkowski, is about to publish, at St. Petersburg, an "Account of Mongolia", in four volumes. The first volume will contain a narrative of his journey through Mongolia, and his return from Peking to Kakhta; the second, a geographical and statistical account of Mongolia; the third, a short history of the Mongols; and the fourth, the code of laws by which this nomade people is giverned. This work will contain a map of Mongolia, engravings of costumes, &c.The work was translated into German in 1832 under the title "Denkwürdigkeiten über die Mongolei". Both the Russian original and the German translation are of great scarcity. Lust: 186. Not in Greasse, not in Brunet.

Kiøbenhaffn, Hans Støckelman oc Andreas Gutterwitz, 1575. Folio. Velbevaret, nær samtidigt hellæderbind over træ med ophøjede bind på ryggen. Rygfelter med blindtrykte stempler. Med begge originale messinghængsler. Ryg med svage krakeleringer og lidt overfladeslid langs ryggens kanter. Titelblad itrykt i rødt/sort. Titelbladet omkantet, men uden tab. Fr. II's træskårne portræt trykt på bagsiden af titelbladet. (36),547,(33) pp. Trykt på godt svært papir og ualmindelig ren med kun få svage marginale brunpletter. Et blad i Fortalen omkantet og nogle få små bladhjørner restaurerede. Originaludgaven af den første dansk-sprogede Saxo-Udgave - et monumentalværk i dansk litteratur, idet værket først med Vedels oversættelse nåede frem til den almene læser. The first printed Danish translation of Saxo Grammaticus "Danorum Regum heroumque Historie".Laur. Nielsen 1451 - Thesaurus 205 (Ed. A).

Kiøbh., Godiche, 1763 - 81. 4to. Indb. i 7 samt. helldrbd. m. oph. bd. på rygge m. skindtitelfelter i lysere skind og rig rygforgyldn. Biblioteksmærkater i skind m. guldtryk for oven og neden på rygge. Bd. 1, 2 og 7 en anelse mindre end de øvrige og m. lidt varierende rygforgyldn. Rygforgyldn. på bd. 1 og nedre kapitæl på bd. 4 slidt. Øvre bageste false på bd. 5 og 6 lidt revnede. Bd. m. brugsspor. M. 294 af de 295 kobberst. prospekter, plancher, grundtegninger og kort; mgl. det Generale Kort over Slesvig i bd. 7. Indimellem brunplettet. Nogle pl. m. lidt rifter og reparationer. Biblioteksstempler på titelbl. Uden det store Generalkort over Danmark, som ikke hører til alle eksemplarer. 2 kort og et prospekt ligger løse i bindene. Alt i alt et udmærket sæt af originaludgaven af Danmarks topografiske hovedværk.

(København), 1709. Folio. In contemporary full calf Cambridge-style mirror binding with blindstamped borders. Light wear to extremities. Seven leaves with minor repairs to margins, one leaf with a 15 cm long closed tear, and one leaf with an 30 cm long closed tear, all professionally executed and with no loss of imprint. Margins slightly soiled. 19 leaves, -text and frames engraved. The broad frames that all differ from each other ornamentally depict animals and plants as well as the different trades of the country. A nice copy printed on thick, heavy paper. Housed in a cardboard box.Provenance: From the collection of Danish book collector Viggo Lohse. The present copy was exhibited at 'Dansk Bibliofil-Klubs 50 års Jubilæumsudstilling' in 1992 (The 50 year anniversary exhibition for the Danish Society of Bibliophiles), no. 94. First edition of this landmark work of Danish book production and the constitution of the Danish absolute monarchy. The Royal Law established the absolute right of the Monarch to rule, and it defined the line of royal succession. It was more rigorous than the other monarchal laws of Europe at the time.The text which is written by Peder Griffenfeld is engraved in copper throughout, in order to prevent the possibility of re-printing, pirated editions and text-counterfeiting. Frederik Rostgaard, the King's state archivist who was famous for his excellent taste in books, was in charge of the editing and issuing of the work. In front of the actual law text a leaf is inserted with the portrait of King Frederik III on his horse, and everything, except for the head of the king which was engraved after his death-mask, is executed in the beloved flourishing- or scroll- manner of the time. The titles and the text are engraved throughout by Michael Røg.

Warszawa, March (31st) 1956. 8vo. Original printed wrappers. With "Wylacznie do uzytku organizacji partyjnych" ("Exclusively for inner-party use") printed to top of front wrapper. A very nice, clean, and fresh copy. 95, (1) pp. Extremely scarce second impression, printed for private circulation only ("exclusively for inner-party use"), of one of the most important documents of the 20th century, namely Khrushchev's so-called "Secret Speech", also known as the "Khrushchev Report". This seminal speech was delivered at an unpublicized closed session of Communist Party delegates, with guests and members of the press excluded, and the present Polish version, which appeard in two different printings, of it was the only one that circulated during the Cold War, the official Russian text being unknown until its 1989 publication. The CIA counterfeit edition [falsely stating Moscow 1959] was in fact a translation into Russian from the present Polish text, which was smuggled out of Moscow and leaked, via Israel, to the USA. There are two impressions of the first edition of Khrushchev's speech, both bearing the date March 1956 and both ordered by the Polish communist party authorities in the span of March 27 - March 31. As opposed to the even scarcer first priting of the text, this second priting of 96 pages was edited to give only Khrushchev's speech (without the recorded interjections and ovations), but containing also a second part, "Unpublished materials" with Lenin's "Testament", Lenin's "On the National Question", and Stalin's notes.The present publication shook the Western world and changed our history for good. "Its consequences, by no means fully foreseen by Khrushchev, shook the Soviet Union to the core, but even more so its communist allies, notably in central Europe. Forces were unleashed that eventually changed the course of history. But at the time, the impact on the delegates was more immediate. Soviet sources now say some were so convulsed as they listened that they suffered heart attacks; others committed suicide afterwards." (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006 ).On February 24, 1956 before assembled delegates at a secret session of the Communist Party's Twentieth Congress, Nikita Khrushchev delivered his so-called "Secret Speech", denouncing Stalin for his transgressions. The public session of the 20th Congress had come to a formal end on 24 February 1956 when word was spread to delegates to return to the Great Hall of the Kremlin for an additional "closed session," to which journalists, guests, and delegates from "fraternal parties" from outside the USSR were not invited. Special passes were issued to those eligible to participate, with an additional 100 former Party members, recently released from the Soviet prison camp network. The speech was thus secretly held in this closed session, without discussion, and it was neither published as part of the congress' proceedings nor reported in the Soviet press. The speech that sent shock waves through the congress participants denounced Stalin, describing him as satanic despot and terrorist who had committed the greatest of crimes. Quoting from correspondence, memoranda and his own observations, Khrushchev gave details of Stalin's horrible actions during the Terror of the late 1930'ies, the unpreparedness of the country at the time of the Nazi invasion in June 1941, numerous wartime blunders, the deportation of various nationalities in 1943 and 1944, and the banishing of Tito's Yugoslavia from the Soviet bloc after the war. Absolving the party itself of these grave actions, Khrushchev attributed them to the "cult of personality" that Stalin encouraged and his "violations of socialist legality". According to Khrushchev's speech, Stalin was a tyrant, a murderer and torturer of party members.Khrushchev gave his grim tale of the obscene crimes committed by his predecessor, Josef Stalin, only three years after the death of Stalin, who was then celebrated as a great leader and whose death was mourned by the great majority of Soviet citizens, who saw him as a divine father. It is no wonder that this lengthy speech from their new leader completely shocked Soviet communists, being told so soon after his death that far from far from being divine, their hero Stalin was actually outright satanic. The leaders who inherited the party from the old dictator had agreed - after months of furious argument - that Khrushchev should make the speech, but on the condition that it should never be published.Khrushchev read from a prepared report and no stenographic record of the closed session was kept. No questions or debate followed Khrushchev's presentation, and it is reported that delegates left the hall in a state of complete disorientation. It is even said that several delegates suffered heart attacks and that some even committed suicide upon listening to the horrifying speech. On the evening of the congress, delegates of foreign Communist parties were called to the Kremlin and given the opportunity to read the prepared text of the Khrushchev speech, which was treated as a top secret state document. Reports of the speech soon reached the West and as early as March the contents were reported in Western media. "The content of the speech reached the west through a circuitous route. A few copies of the speech were sent by order of the Soviet Politburo to leaders of the Eastern Bloc countries. Shortly after the speech had been disseminated, a Polish journalist, Viktor Grayevsky, visited his girlfriend, Lucia Baranowski, who worked as a junior secretary in the office of the first secretary of the Polish Communist Party, Edward Ochab. On her desk was a thick booklet with a red binding, with the words: "The 20th Party Congress, the speech of Comrade Khrushchev." Grayevsky had heard rumors of the speech and, as a journalist, was interested in reading it. Baranowski allowed him to take the document home to read.As it happened, Grayevsky, who was Jewish, and had made a recent trip to Israel to visit his sick father, decided to emigrate there. After he read the speech, he decided to take it to the Israeli Embassy and gave it to Yaakov Barmor who had helped Grayevsky make his trip to visit Grayevsky's sick father. Barmor was a Shin Bet representative; he photographed the document and sent the photographs to Israel. By the afternoon of April 13, 1956, the Shin Bet in Israel received the photographs. Israeli intelligence and United States intelligence had previously secretly agreed to cooperate on security matters. James Jesus Angleton was the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) head of counterintelligence and in charge of the clandestine liaison with Israeli intelligence. The photographs were delivered to him. On April 17, 1956, the photographs reached the CIA chief Allen Dulles, who quickly informed U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. After determining that the speech was authentic, the CIA leaked the speech to The New York Times in early June.""In the West, the impact of the speech received a colossal boost from the publication of the full, albeit sanitised, text in The Observer and the New York Times. This was the first time the full text had been available for public scrutiny anywhere in the world. Even local party secretaries who read it to members had to return their texts within 36 hours. (Those texts were also sanitised, omitting two incidents in the speech that Orlov related to me.)According to William Taubman, in his masterly biography of Khrushchev, the full text leaked out through Poland where, like other central European communist allies, Moscow had sent an edited copy for distribution to the Polish party." (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).The speech sent shock waves throughout the Communist world and caused many Western Communists to abandon the movement. In central Europe, the impact of the speech was enormous. By autumn Poland was ready to explode and in Hungary an anti-communist revolution overthrew the Stalinist party and government, replacing them with the short-lived reformist Imre Nagy."Some may doubt that Stalin's Soviet Union could ever have been reformed, but Khrushchev was not among them - and neither, indeed, was Gorbachev. But after two decades of decay under Brezhnev, even he could not hold the country together. It can well be argued that the 'secret speech' was the century's most momentous, planting the seed that eventually caused the demise of the USSR." (John Rettie, in The Observer, Sunday 26 February 2006).It is the present version of the seminal text that leaked behind the Iron Curtain. Allegedly the CIA offered USD 1.000.000 for a copy, before they came into possession of the text through other channels. Khrushchev himself stated: "It was supposed to have been secret, but in fact it was far from being secret.. our document fell into the hands of some Polish comrades who were hostile towards the Soviet Union. They used my speech for their own purposes and made copies of it. I was told that it was being sold for very little."Like the first impression, almost all the copies of this extremely scarce publication - which were all numbered and strictly registered - were withdrawn and destroyed after 11 April 1956. We have been able to locate no copies of either impression outside of Poland and can find no copies registered in OCLC.

Paris, nrf, Librairie Gallimard, 1943. 8vo. Orig. printed wrappers, uncut and first quire unopened. Light traces of use, but overall remarkably fresh. Spine very slightly darkened and wrappers with very light scattered brownspotting. A small, vague couloured thump bark to lower corner of front wrapper (and first leaves). An unusually good copy, as the fragile wrappers are often much more worn. Also internally unusually fresh. Wrappers printed in red and blue. With half-title. 722, (2) pp, 2ff. (one with colophon). The very rare first edition, first impression from "Bibliothèque des idées" printed on 25th of June 1943 ("Le vingt-cinq juin mil neuf cent quarante-trois" (colophon) ), rare review-copy (with "S.P. - Service des Presses) to back wrapper. With the printed dedication "au CASTOR" (i.e. for Simone de Beauvoir"). This, the first edition of Sartre's first and main philosophical work, which is one of the absolutely most important philosophical works of the 20th century, passed virtually unnoticed, as it appeared in the summer of 1943, which is why it is now extremely scarce. It didn't reach recognition till 1945, thus very few copies of the first edition have been preserved. "Achevé au debut de 1943, le livre parut en été et, étant donné les circonstances, passa à peu près inapercu. Il fallut attendre 1945, année aù la vogue soudaine de Sartre attira sur son oeuvre maîtresse une attention qu'aucun ouvrage philosophique n'avait connue précédemment, pour que les commenteurs s'en ampareut;" (Contat & Rybalka p. 86). Even though the work was hardly noticed when it first appeared, a few scholars acknowledged it as a great work of seminal character, importance and novelty; in 1964 Michel Tourier writes: "Un jour de l'automme 1943, un livre tomba sur nos tables: "L'Être et le Néant". Il y eut eu moment de stupeur, puis une longue rumination. L'oeuvre était massive, hirsute, débortante, encyclopédique, superbement technique..." (Les Nouvelles littéraires, 29 octobre 1964).Sartre is first and foremost known for his philosophical works, and as "L'être et le néant" ("Being and Nothingness") is generally accepted as his greatest and main work, this marks the beginning of 20th century existentialism, and furthermore "has also come to be regarded as a text-book of existentialism itself..." (Mary Warnock's Introduction to Hazel E. Barnes' translation). This, his seminal work of existentialism, marks one of the most influential philosophical movements of our age.Contat & Rybalka, Les Écrits de Sartre, 1970.

Hauniæ (Copenhagen), Mölleri, 1775. 4to. Contemp. marbled boards. Small nicks to coverpaper at edges. (1-7)8-32,CXXVI,(2),219,(1) pp., 1 engraved map (Tabula Arabiæ Felicis). A few faint brownspots. Clean and fine, printed on good paper. First edition of Forskål's fundamental description of the plants of Yemen and lower Egypt found on the Danish expedition to Arabia. As Forskål died in Jerim it was Carsten Niebuhr, the leader of the expedition and only survivor, who published Forskål's manuscripts. Many botanical species are here described for the first time. Forsskål was one of the most gifted disciples of Linnaeus.Staffleu & Cowan, 1819. - Pritzel, 2969.

London, Impensis Gul. & Joh. Innys, 1719 (colophon: Londini: Ex Officina Gulielmi Bowyer, 1718). 8vo. Contemp. full calf. Corners, fronthinge and spineends professionally repaired. Inner hinges reinforced. Gilt lineborders on back. Titlelabel in red leather with gilt lettering. Old owners name stamped on titlepage (small).Instead of htitle is bound "Catalogus Librorum prostantium apud Gul. & Joh. Innys" (1 leaf), the Cataloque is furthermore bound at end, but with a different typography. (2),XI,(1),415 pp. and 12 folded engraved plates. Very light brownning to a few margins. Printed on good paper, in general fine and clean internally. Scarce second Latin edition of Newton's "Optics: or a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light. London 1704.", one of the great books in the history of science. "Newton's Optics did for Light what his Principia had done for Gravitation, namely, placed it on a scientific basis." (E.W. Brown). The translation was brought to light "At the request of Newton, Dr. Samuel Clarke prepared a Latin edition of his Optics which appeared 1706, and he was generously presented by Sir Isaac with GBP 500, or GBP 100 for each of his five children, as a token of the appreciation and gratitude of the author. DeMoivre is said to have secured and taken charge of this translation, and to have spared neither time nor trouble in the task. Newton met him every evening at a coffe-house, and when they have finished their work he took De Moivre home with him to spend the evening in philosophical conversation."(Brewster in his "Newton", 1855")."In the accumulation of optical phenomena from his first paper (the short memoir in Philosophical Transaction, 1672) until the above book (the Optics,..) 33 years later, Newton had gathered explanations to many problems. The rainbow is fully explained and also "Newton's rings", produced by pressing the flat side of a plano-convex glass against a double convex lens of long focal lenght, producing rings of alternating brightness and darkness; his explanation was not valid, as he did not know optical interference. He speculated on the double refraction of Icelandic spar...." (Dibner in Heralds of Science No 148) - G.J. Gray No 180.

Kjøbenhavn, Bianco Luno, 1848-49 + 1849. Stor 4to. Indbundet i ét samtidigt brunt halvlæderbind med nydelig ny ryg, under anvendelse af den samtidige nydeligt forgyldte ryg. Permerne er nydeligt forstærket med brun shirt under anvendelse af de samtidige marmorerede permed. Første titlblad brunplettet, men ellers et nydeligt, rent og silidt eksemplar. 3906, LXVI spalter (= 1986 pp.). Den sjældne originaludgave af samtlige trykte forhandlinger på Rigsdagen op til Grundlovens vedtagelse. Idet Grundloven blev vedtaget af Rigsforsamlingen d. 25. maj 1849, blev Enevælden afskaffet i Danmark, og den blev stadfæstet af Frederik Den Syvende d. 5. juni 1849. Scarce first printing of all the minutes of The Danish Constitutional Assembly 1848-49. The Constitution was confirmed by the King June 5, 1849, and the absolute monarchy was hereby abolished.

Vinegia (Venice), Apresso i Giunti, 1565. - Colophon: In Veneta, Nella Stamperia di Domenico Nicolini;...de gli heredi di Luc'antonio Giunt, 1565. Folio. (30 x 21 cm.). Bound later (around 1800) in hcalf. Spine divided in 6 compartments, all richly blindtooled and in the middle of each a small gilt rosette. A crack to joint (2 cm.) at upper compartment. Light wear along edges. Marbled endpapers. Red edges. (22),286 leaves. With engraved map (a reproduction in smaller size of "Carta Marina") - the map in FACSIMILE, and more than 450 fine woodcut illustrations in the text, the the greatest part measuring 59 x 93 mm, a few half-page and some 1/3-page. Woodcut device on title-page and on colophon-leaf. Title-page mounted and with small closed tears. Title-page slightly soiled. A faint dampstain to upper corners on Index-leaves ("Tavola"), which appears again in more weakened form towards end. A faint dampspot in upper inner margin throughout. The last few leaves with a bit of browning, 2 small holes in last leaf with loss of a few letters. First Italian edition (and in full), being the second folio-edition as well as the second edition in the vernacular, of Magnus' great work "Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus", 1555, which constitutes one of the most important sources on the Northern customs and daily life of the time. The present first Italian edition published 10 years after the first edition, which is in Latin, Rome 1555. A French translation appeared, in 8vo, in 1560-61). In reality, this famous work is a large commentary and notes to Olaus Magnus' own map, the famous "Carta Marina", which he published in Venice in 1539, of which only two copies are known. The Carta Marina ("Map of the Sea" or "Sea Map"), is the earliest map of the Nordic countries that gives details and place names. Only two earlier maps of Scandinavia are known, those of Jacob Ziegler and Claudius Clavus. The "Carta Marina" is reproduced here in smaller size, but in facsimile.The woodcut illustrations and views - here printed with the same woodblocks as the Rome edition of 1555 - are of the greatest importance to the cultural history of the Nordic countries, as they illustrate the religions, folklore, occupations, as well as the geographies, fauna etc. of the Scandinavian people. They have since been reproduced a number of times. The artist is not known, but they are probably carved after sketches by Olaus Magnus himself. Swedish Books 1280-1967, No. 18. - Collijn "Sveriges Bibliografi intill År 1600", II: p. 221.

(Lyon, Huyon), 1523. Small 8vo. Bound in contemp. full vellum manuscript (text on verso of vellum). remains of ties. Contemp. handwritten title on spine. Title printed in red within broad woodcut border. FF 195, (1) pp. (i.e. 179, as ff 81-96 omitted, but complete),(30) pp. + FF 22, (1) pp. (Frontinus). With ca. 150 textillustrations in woodcut, mostly half-page, but also full-page. A few leaves with contemporary annotations. 3 leaves strenghtened in outer margins, no loss of text. Light toning and faint dampstain on the first ca. 40 leaves. Scarce Lyon counterfeit edition, with illustrations copied from the 1513 and 1522 Florentine Giunta editions and the 1521 first edition in Italian.Adams V,905. - Brunet V, 1327.

Basel, Eusebius Episcopius, 1586 & 1587. Folio (360 x 225 mm). 29 part uniformly bound in 5 contemporary full calf bindings with 6 raised bands. All bindings with wear and numerous wormholes to boards. All spine-ends chipped and with a bit of loss of leather. Boards with scratches and occassional loss of leather. Internally with light occassional marginal dampstains. Numerous wormtract throughout in all volumes. (40), 1180 pp.; (1181)-2196 pp.; (2199)-3246 pp.; (3247)-4226 pp. (4225)-4230, (1), 4230-4373, (1), (458) pp. Third edition of Zwinger’s early and extensive encyclopedic collection attempting to categorize and summarize human knowledge and experience: "perhaps the most comprehensive collection of knowledge to be compiled by a single individual in the early modern period." (Helmut Zedelmaier, "Navigieren im Text-Universum: Theodor Zwingers Theatrum Vitae Humanae). Complete early sets, as here, from the 16th century are rarely found in the trade. The present edition is the third overall edition, the second enlarged edition: “Zwinger’s Theater of Human Life had been issued in one volume in 1565, in enlarged editions of 1571 and 1586 [The present], then by his son in 1604. The arrangement was topical by subject. In 1631 a further enlargement in alphabetical order by Laurens Beyerlinck was published at Cologne in eight doule columned folio volumes.” (Thorndike VIII, p. 271). The work is a fine excample of the Renaissance humanist tradition, emphasizing the collection and organization of knowledge from various fields such as philosophy, medicine, ethics, and natural sciences. Zwinger's work draws upon both classical sources as well as more contemporary knowledge. The 29 parts are divided as follows: Binding 1: 1, Volumen primum Ea quae animi bona atque mala dicuntur. 2, Volumen secundum Ea quae vulgo corporis bona mala´que dicuntur. 3, Volumen tertium Ea quae vulgo fortuita bona mala´que dicuntur. 4, Volumen quartum De habitibus organicis sive facultatibus logicis vulgo` dictis h.e. de philosophiae instrumentis. Binding 2: 5, Volumen quintum De philosophicis habitibus theoricis, veri cognitionem potissimu`m spectantibus. 6, Volumen sextum De philosophicis habitibus practicis ad boni cognitionem simul & possessionem primario` conferentibus. 7, Volumen septimum Quo habitus intelligentiae practici, prudentia scilicet, cum suis extremis, calliditate & stultitia. 8, Volumen octavum De fortitudinis, & contrariorum vitiorum, audaciae scilicet & timiditatis, speciebus. Binding 3: 9, Volumen nonum De temperantia & intemperantia circa voluptates corporis. 10 ,Volumen decimum De moderatione & immoderatione circa pecunias & opes quaslibetcunque. 11, Volumen undecimum De moderatione & immoderatione circa gloriam & honores. 12, Volumen duodecimum De moderatione & immoderatione circa iram & vindictam. 13, Volumen decimumtertium De veritatis practicae studio, de simulatione & dissimulatione. 14, Volumen decimumquartum De humanitate & contrariis vitiis, blanditia & morositate. 15, Volumen decimumquintum De urbanitate & contrariis vitiis, scurilitate & rusticitate. 16, Volumen decimumsextum De iustitia religiosa. 17, Volumen decimumseptimum De iniustitia religiosa. Binding 4: 18, Volumen decimumoctavum De iustitia profana. 19. Volumen decimumnonum Iniustitiam profanam distributivam atque correctivam. 20, Volumen vigesimum De mechanicis habitibus. 21, Volumen vigesimumprimum De instrumentis actionum & passionum humanarum. 22, Volumen vigesimumsecundum De beatitudine & miseria humana. 23, Volumen vigesimumtertium De locis humanarum actionum & passionum. 24, Volumen vigesimumquartum De tempore humanas actiones & passiones mensurante. 25, Volumen vigesimumquintum De vita hominis solitaria. 26, Volumen vigesimumsextum Vitam hominis academicam persequens. 27, Volumen vigesimumseptimum Vitam hominis religiosam exponens. Binding 5: 28, Volumen vigesimumoctavum De vita hominis politica. 29, Volumen vigesimumnonum Oeconomicam vitam hominis. [30] Quatuor locupletis indices. Adams Z 215.

(København), 1709. Folio. 53x35 cm. Contemporary full mottled calf. Boards with a bit of wear and a few scratches. Corners and capitals repaired. 19 leaves, all with engraved text and ornamental frames. The broad frames that all differ from each other ornamentally depict animals and plants as well as the different trades of the country. A few leaves with minor weak dampstaining to upper margin. Upper margin slightly soiled. Otherwise a nice and clean copy on thick heavy paper. First edition of this main work of Danish book production and the constitution of the Danish absolute monarchy. The Royal Law established the absolute right of the Monarch to rule, and it defined the line of royal succession. It was more rigorous than the other monarchal laws of Europe at the time.The text which is written by Peder Griffenfeld is engraved in copper throughout, in order to prevent the possibility of re-printing, pirated editions and text-counterfeiting. Frederik Rostgaard, the King's state archivist who was famous for his excellent taste in books, was in charge of the editing and issuing of the work. In front of the actual law text a leaf is inserted with the portrait of King Frederik III on his horse, and everything, except for the head of the king which was engraved after his death-mask, is executed in the beloved flourishing- or scroll- manner of the time. The titles and the text are engraved throughout by Michael Røg.

Paris, de l'Imprimerie de Franc. Amb. Didot l'Ainé. Chez Alexandre Jombert, jeune, 1783. 4to. Nice contemp. red hmorocco with 5 raised bands and richly gilt compartments. Corners restored. Light scratching to boards.Stamps on htitle. A small stamp on titlepage.. (14), 116, 60 pp. + 11 leaves of plate-description, on which the plates are mounted at top, 2 pp. of approbation and privilege. On thick, good paper. A very nice, crisp and complete copy w. clear colours. Apart from the stamps on the htitle, a fine, large and clean copy. The dedication-leaf (A monsieur Le Duc du Chatelet) with his large engraved coat of arms handcoloured. First edition of the main work of the French military engineer Fossé (1734 - 1812). This military work, divided into two sections, one dealing with military strategies concerning defending and attacking, the other dealing with military plans and how to construct maps, is especially renowned for the extraordinary coloured plates by LOUIS MARION BONNET.The plates, depicting plans and maps, show for one of the first times the perfection of the illustrating-process called the CRAYON MANNER adapted to colour-printing, and the work is probably the first book printed using this technique. The technique of printing with colour only began about 20 years before this work was issued; during the first many years, though, many attempts failed, and it wasn't till Bonnet came up with the coloured crayon manner that it was really a success. Bonnet increased the number of plates in order to make it possible to print with several colours. The crayon manner became a great success in Europe and is a fore-runner of the lithography-process. All the plates are signed by Bonnet and are in at least four colours.This work is also renowned for its splendid typography that later on became known as the Didot-style. Graesse II:620. Brunet II:1354.

(Oldenburg, Warner Berendts Erben), 1599 - Strassburg, (Bernhard Jobins Erben), 1599. Folio. One contemp. full limp vellum with ties. Blindtooled borders on covers. On front cover in black printing: "C V D A I G G 1600" Ms titles on spine. (86),494,(18) incl. (2) blank and engraved ornamental title. Profusely textillustrated with engravings and woodcuts among them the full-page portrait of the author, a full-page view of Oldenburg, 3 folded genealogical tables and the double-page engraved elevated plan of Oldenburg. Some scattered brownspots, a few quires browned, sometimes slight offsetting from engravings. Printed on thick paper.(Spangenberg:) Title printed in red a.black with large wood-engr. coat of arms. (8),287,(18) pp. Last leaf with printers wood-cut device. Some rather heavy browning to the last quires. Some scattered brownspots. Both works in first edition. Hamelmann's Chronicon is the first book to be printed in Oldenburg (Brunet) and it is the historical source work for the "House of Oldenburg" whose descendents became kings of Denmark and emperors of Russia. - Adams H 30.

Leipzig, C.G. Naumann, 1889. 8vo. Bound with the original printed wrappers in a nice near contemporary brown half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Lovely marbled end-papers. A bit of light soiling and brownspotting to wrappers, which are otherwise very well preserved. A few leaves with some very light brownspotting and a couple of leaves with small closed tears to blank inner margin, far from affecting text. Overall very nice. With the engraved book plate of Adolf Fischer to inside of front board. (8), 144 pp. First edition - with the scarce original wrappers - of the epitome of Nietzsche's final project -a re-valuation of all values ("Eine Umwerthung aller Werthe"), -his hugely interesting "declaration of war" (preface p. (4): "Diese Schrift ist eine grosse Kriegserklärung"), which was written during his last productive year, just before his big breakdown in Turin. "Götzen-Dämmerung" ("The Twilight of the Idols") arguably constitutes the culmination of the production of this giant of philosophy, who turned mad after having finished it.Early in 1889, Nietzsche began to exhibit signs of serious mental illness; in Turin, he finally broke down and was brought back to Basel by his friends. "The Twilight of the Idols" was released merely a few weeks after this collapse, and Nietzsche never wrote again.Nietzsche had 1.000 copies of the work privately printed. The work is considered one of his most popular, and it is here that we find some of the most frequently quoted passages from the works of Nietzsche, e.g. "What does not kill me, only makes me stronger" (p.2.: "Was mich nicht umbringt, macht mich stärker").The Twilight was meant as an introduction to, or summary of, Nietzshe's philosophy, and as such it is one of his most interesting works. It is written almost as in a rage of fever - it took him no more than a week to write it -, and he regarded it a world-changing magnum opus. As he states at the end of the preface: "Turin, am 30. September 1888, am Tage, da das erste Buch der Umwerthung aller Werthe zu ende kam." (i.e. "Turin, on September 30. 1888, on the day that the first book on the re-valuation of all value came to an end."). This highly polemical work makes clear reference to Wagner's opera "Götterdämmerung", and it presents us with a sharp critique of the most influential philosophers in history, e.g. Kant and Plato, and of Christianity in general, but also the likes of Rousseau, Hugo, Renan, Mill, Darwin, Dante etc. are attacked as the causes of cultural decadence in Europe. Giants like Caesar, Napoleon, Dostojevski, Goethe, and Thukydides are considered representatives of the opposite.The mental collapse of the author may not come as a surprise to anyone reading the work.Of the 1.000 copies, 659 still remained unsold by October 1893.Twilight of the Idols: Schaberg: 56a

Par-Tout (i.e. Paris or Liège), Chez le vrai Sage, 1755. Small 8vo. Lovely contemporary full mottled calf with five raised bands to richly gilt spine. And excellent nice, clean, and fresh copy, printed on good paper. Old owner's name to title-page and a bookplate to inside of front board (M. Ph. de Planterose). Title-page printed in red and black and with an engraved vignette. 236, (4) pp. First edition of this canonical work of revolutionary utopianism, Morelly's main work, which greatly influenced later socialist and communist thought and which constitutes a forerunner of the works of Marx and Engels. The work was published anonymously and the author Étienne-Gabriel Morelly (1717 - 1778) remains a bit of a mystery about whom very little is known. At first, "The Code of Nature" was attributed to Denis Diderot, but other great authors of the day have also been proposed. "The Code of Nature" constitutes an early example of utopian socialist thought, providing a detailed plan for the establishment of a perfect state. It severely criticized the society of the time and proposed a constitution intended to lead to an egalitarian society without property, marriage, church or police. Based upon the principle that man is by nature good and the view that all social and moral ills were consequences of private property, it argues for an egalitarian society in which almost all private property - and thereby all of its pernicious consequences - is eliminated. Due to these radical views, Morelly is considered a significant forerunner of later socialist and communist thinkers, including Marx, Engels, Fourier, Proudhon, Babeuf, etc."The Code of Nature" had in immense impact on contemporary and later thought because it not only constitutes a theoretical utopia, but rather a sound analytical treatise with utopian elements. It reflects a realistic approach to society and includes a legislative program to return the State to a government in accordance with the natural solidarity and affection of humanity in which Morelly believed so strongly. "The Code of Nature" not only influenced later socialist and communist thinkers, it was also avidly discussed by contemporary Enlightenment thinkers such as Lessing, Wieland, Baumgarten, etc., and the work appeared in numerous editions throughout the 18th century. Einaudi: 4031; Kress: 5457.

Paris, 1851. Contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Internally brownspotted (due to the paper quality). A page has been inserted on to the half-title, on which is explained, in a neat late 19th century hand, that the present copy is that of George Sand and that it comes from the sale of her belongings. The rest of the page contains bibliographical information on the work. Nice copy. The extremely scarce first edition, one of merely 84 copies that were not destroyed, of the first work by the Goncourt brothers - the work that laid the basis for their unique joint authorship. The famous brothers Edmond (1822-96) and Jules (1830-70) Goncourt played a unique role in 19th century French intellectual life. Together they developed a distinctive impressionistic style, called "écriture artiste"; their works are furthermore of great importance to the understanding of literary and social life of the period. They seminally influenced the naturalism and realism of 19th century literature - in the words of Émile Zola, they "provided a new sense of nature". The remarkable symbiosis in their collaboration, continuing to write as one until the death of Jules, has gone down in history as one of the most remarkable literary collaborations ever. They are considered aesthetes of the highest rank and were known as great collectors of art. They were also known to be highly neurotic and utterly misogynist. During the Second Empire they frequented the salon of Princess Mathilde and took part in the famous 'dîners Magny', the fortnightly gatherings that brought together leading men (and George Sand!) of letters and science at a Paris restaurant in the 1860'ies. In his will, Edmond left the entire Goncourt fortune to found the "Académie Goncourt", which began in 1903, when the prestigious Prix Goncourt was also founded. Their first work, "En 18..", was printed in 1000 copies, but it was confiscated by the censors and was burnt by the authors. Consequently, a mere 84 copies survived and the work is thus of the utmost scarcity. "Cet ouvrage, qui a été tire à 1000 exemplaires, a été brûlé par les auteurs; il n'existerait dans le commerce que 84 exemplaires donnés ou vendus." (Carteret)."Premiers ouvrage des Goncourt, très rare, dont le manuscrit a subi des suppressions avant l'impression de l'edition de Bruxelles." [the Brussels edition being the second edition, printed in 1884]. (Carteret). George Sand and the Goncourt brothers moved in the same intellectual and literary circles, were invited to the same places, the same salons, and had many friends in common. All three were seminal in determining the course of naturalistic writing of the 19th century. Interestingly, also George Sand began her literary career in as a collaboration, in a liaison with the writer Jules Sandeau. They published a few stories in collaboration, signing them "Jules Sand", before she began writing on her own. Carteret I:349. (listing a copy of the first edition sold in 1918 at 160 fr.).