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Kjøbenhavn, Bianco Luno & Schneider, 1832. Originalt bogtrykt kartonnage. Ryg forstærket. Noget brunplettet. Indlagt i en smuk nyere bogæske. (Sign. Rigmor Birkedal Kragh). Originaludgaven. BFN 196.

København, Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri, 1925. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. With two dedications to front wrapper. "Fru professorinde A. Ellemann / venligst fra / Harald Høffding" and "Hr Professor A. Pais / venligst fra Jørgen Kalckar". (i.e. English: "Professor A. Ellemann / from / Harald Høffding" and Professor A Pais / from Jørgen Kalckar"). I "Det Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. Filosofiske Meddelser II, 1". Front wrapper partly detached and missing upper part of spine. Internally fine and clean. 123 pp. First edition of Høffding’s work on epistemology and perception of life. The present copy was given to Professor A. Ellemann from the author. Later it was given to Abraham Pais, author of several books on Physics and physicists, to Jørgen Kalckar, author and physicists. Harald Høffding (1843-1931) was one of the leading Danish philosophers of the turn of the century. His philosophy is greatly inspired by positivism, which around 1900, mainly due to Avenarius and Mach, came to be synonymous with empiriocriticism. Høffding had met Avenarius for the first time in Zürich and met him again in 1895 in Skodsborg (the time for which Avenarius thanks him in the presentation-inscription), a small city along the coast North of Copenhagen. Høffding describes this encounter in his "Contemporary Philosophers" from 1904. He describes how Avenarius sought ease in cities of water and writes how their meeting in Skodsborg constituted the first time that Avenarius made him acquainted with "pure experience", when walking around together in the garden of acclimatization. Avenarius died two years later. Høffding clearly admired the great thinker and describes Avenarius' character as "a rare energy of thought united with an artistic taste and an open and calm character". Avenarius' philosophy is further described by Høffding in his great work "The History of Newer Philosophy" (1894-95).

Rotterdam, (Wächtler), 1671. 8vo. In contemporary full vellum with title in contemporary hand to spine. "EvW" in gilt lettering to front board. A few stains and light soiling to extremities. Internally with light occassional brownspotting. (38), 423 pp. + engraved half-title. Uncommon first German translation of La Court's classic work on Dutch politics and economics describing the damage that had been done to the country by monarchical leaders since the Middle Ages. La Court stressed the importance of free competition and was an advocate of the republican form of government.

(No place), The Association for Symbolic Logic, 1940 & 1941. Lev8vo. Bound in red half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Journal of Symbolic Logic", Volume 5 & 6. Barcode label pasted on to back board. Small library stamp to lower part of 6 pages. A very fine copy. Pp. 56-68. [Entire copy: IV, 188, IV, 184 pp.). First printing of Church's seminal paper in which he introduced his Type Theory: A simpler and more general Type Theory than the one introduced by Bertrand Russell in 1908 and Whitehead & Russell in 1927."Church's type theory is a formal logical language which includes first-order logic, but is more expressive in a practical sense. It is used, with some modifications and enhancements, in most modern applications of type theory. It is particularly well suited to the formalization of mathematics and other disciplines and to specifying and verifying hardware and software. A great wealth of technical knowledge can be expressed very naturally in it. With possible enhancements, Church's type theory constitutes an excellent formal language for representing the knowledge in automated information systems, sophisticated automated reasoning systems, systems for verifying the correctness of mathematical proofs, and certain projects involving logic and artificial intelligence." (SEP)

Wien, Johann Georg Mössle, 1784. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine.Titlelabel with gilt lettering. A paperlabel pasted on upper part of spine. Stamps on title-page. Large engraved titlevignette. (8),380,(16) pp. and 17 folded engraved plates. Light browning to the first few leaves. Klaus Jordan, 4178.

London, Printed by Taylor and Francis - Published by the Author, (1862-) 73. Folio. Papersize 54,5x37 cm. Lithographed and fully handcoloured. 2 birds seen, female and male in natural habitat with flowering plant, fruits and an insect. J. Gould & H.C. Richter, del. et lith. - Walter, Imp. Fine and clean. The plate is accompanied with the original textleaf. (2) pp. This is an original plate from Goulds great work "The Birds of Great Britain", issued between 1862 and 1873. The plates in this work were executed by Gould himself, and a few by J. Wolf, H.C. Richer and Hart. Together with Audubon's plates, the Gould-plates are considered the best bird-art ever produced, AND THE PLATES IN HIS "BIRDS OF GREAT BRITAIN" ARE THE PEAK OF GOULD'S ARTISTIC LIFE. In the foreword Gould stresses the difference from his "Birds of Europe" in the treatment of the illustrations, the inclusion here of the figures of the baby birds and nests, and he comments "Many of the public are quite unaware how the colouring of these large plates is accomplished; and not a few believe that they are produced by some mechanical process or by chromo-lithography. This, however is not the case; every sky with its varied tints and every feather of each bird were coloured by hand; and when it is considered that nearly two hundred and eighty thousand illustrations in the present work have been so treated, it will most likely cause some astonishment to those who give the subject a thought.". Elsewhere he remarked upon employing "almost all colourists in London." - Wood p. 364. - Nissen No. 372. - Sitwell 102. - Zimmer pp. 261-62. - Not in Jean Anker.

Paris, Presses Univesitaires de France, 1963. Royal8vo. Uncut in the original yellow printed wrappers. Small white paper-label pasted on to top of spine. A very fine and clean copy. XXXI, 597 pp. First edition of Molé’s monumental doctoral thesis on Zoroastrianism and ancient Iranian history. In this pioneering work, Molé argues that Zoroaster’s accomplishment was not an anti-ritualistic ethical reform, it was rather the result of a gradual evolution of elements essential to Indo-Iranian religiosity in which the ritual of sacrifice plays a major role. Molé’s introduction to the structure of Iranian religion presents original perspectives on the relationship between the Achaemenid and Gathic religions. “Book I deals with ritual, the doctrine of sacrifice and the Gathic service. Not denying the prophet’s historicity, Book II focuses on the character of Zoroaster which is based on myth (hence one cannot situate him in time). The prophetic legend – (Zoroaster is not a prophet of the Semitic type) –, his dialogues with Ahura Mazda, and the conversion of Vištaspa (see Kayanian ix.) are examined in this section; Molé continues to maintain that a “life of Zoroaster” is purely mythical. Book III deals with Mazdean cosmology as depicted in the Yašts and Videvdad. Here Molé emphasizes the pre-eminence of Man in the Cosmos and provides a definition of “The Perfect Man”, best exemplified by Zoroaster. Finally, Molé demonstrates that Mazdaism is not strictly dualistic since Ahura Mazda’s creations are more lasting than those of Ahriman who will be perished at the end of time. “ (Encyclopædia Iranica)

(Paris), 1763. Folio. Later marbled boards. IX,86 pp. and 6 engraved plates (showing tools and dyeing processes). Printed on good thick paper, clean. First edition of Macquer's influential work on silk dyeing - it was even trtanslated into Arabic as late as 1823. It further contains a previously unpublished work on dyeing by Jean Hellot (pp. 71-78). - Poggendorff II:p.7.

[Berlin, Stockholm, Paris, F. & G. Beijer, 1883]. 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from "Acta Mathematica. Hrsg. von G. Mittag-Leffler.", Bd. 2. Fine and clean. Pp. 305-328. First French [and general] translation of Cantor's famous and exceedingly influential paper which contains the first proof that the set of all real numbers is uncountable; also contains a proof that the set of algebraic numbers is denumerable. "This article is Cantor's first published contribution to the theory of sets. The deep and epoch-making result of the paper is not the easy theorem alluded to in the title - the theorem that that the class of real algebraic numbers is countable - but rather the proof, in §2, that the class of real numbers is not countable [...]. And that marks the start of the theory of the transfinite. [Ewald, Pp. 839-40]."The first published writing on set theory [the present paper], contained more than the title indicated, including not only the theorem on algebraic numbers but also the one on real numbers, in Dedekind's simplified version, which differs from the present version in that today we use the "diagonal process," then unknown" (DSB)

Wien, Springer, 1931. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Offprint from : "Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie", band 1, heft 3. Embossed stamp to upper part of front wrapper. Two library paper labels pasted on to spine. Wrappers loose, internally fine and clean. (V), 1, 54 pp. Offprint of Hayek influential paper on durable and non-durable goods presented as a Critique of the Crises-Theory of W.T. Foster and W. Catchings with some Remarks on the Theory of the Relationship between Money and Capital.Widely publicized in the United States at the timewere proposals by Foster and Catchings which Hayek has described asvariations on 'underconsumption' theories of economic cycles. Hayekargued against such theories in his initial lectures as a Privatdozent in Vienna: "His published essay "Gibt es einen Widersinn desSparens?" (1929) (later translated into English as "The Paradox of Saving") came to the attention of Lionel (later Lord) Robbins, whoinvited Hayek to give a series of lectures at the London School of Economics. So successful were the lectures, and the ensuingpartnership with Robbins, that Hayek remained in England to becomethe Tooke professor at the LSE." (Kresge, Hayek on Hayek, P. 8)"This state of affairs, however, may yet be endangered by a new theory of under-consumption now current in the United States and in England. Its authors are people who spare neither money nor time in the propagation of their ideas. Their doctrine is no less fallacious than all the previous theories of under- consumption, but it is not impossible that with able exposition and extensive financial backing it may exert a certain influence on policy in Anglo-Saxon countries. For this 'reason it seems worthwhile subjecting this theory to detailed and exhaustive criticism." (The present paper).

Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1749. Small 8vo. Contemp. full calf. Richly gilt back. Triple gilt lineborder on covers. Upper compartment of back repaired. Leather along fronthinge cracking, but holding and cover not loose. Spine rubbed. All edges gilt. Engraved frontispiece. XXIX,(10),384,XX pp. and 5 folded engraved plates. Mairan was member of the Academie Des Sciences from 1719 and he served as its secretary from 1741 to 1743. "He was an importent and sometimes controversial figure in the scientific community of his day. Working in the decades during which Newtonian ideas were becoming known in France, Mairan incorporated some of them in his theories; but he remained basically Cartesian." (DSB). He made importent studies on Aurora Borealis.His work here on ice, liquids, fluids and evaporations, was inspired by his experiences of the slowness of which ice melts and that it melts faster mixed with differents salts in freezing mixtures. It incorporates details of quantitative experiments, and treats the effects of cold on many substances. In comparison with the first edition from 1717, this edition is considerably enlarged and augmented by a section on the thermometres of George Martine and it is the first illustrated edition. - Poggendorff II: p. 17 - Duveen: p. 386 - Neville II: p. 129.

A Paris, A Londres, 1820-23. 11 cont. full calf, richly gilt backs. Vol.11 a little damaged on back. Otherwise good.

USA, [No printer], 1941. Lex8vo. In the original printed wrappers. "Reprinted for private circulation from The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 94, No. 3, November 1941". Previous owner's name, the famous English physicist, astronomer and mathematician, [J. H. Jeans] to top right corner of front wrapper. Very light miscolouring to lower left corner of front wrapper, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Pp. 511-524. Scarce offprint issue, from the library of the influential English physicist and astronomer James Hopwood Jeans, of Chandrasekhar's important paper in which he developed his statistical theory of stellar encounters. In the 1983 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in physic for key discoveries that led to the currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars.Chandresekhar is famous for showing that the final fate of a star depends on its mass, furthermore he calculated that massive stars would be unable to evolve into white dwarfs, the limiting size called the Chandresekhar Limit."An important question from the point of view of what can be observed is how the cumulative effect of chance encounters affects the orbit of a star measured by what is called "time of relaxation" of the stellar system. Conventional wisdom assumed it could be theoretically calculated by considering the cumulative effect of a large number of two-body encounters. A closer analysis convinced Chandrasekhar that such an idealization did not provide a good approximation to the physical situation in the stellar system. The gravitational field fluctuated in space and time. New methods of treating the problem based on statistics were required. He laid the foundations of such new methods in one of his most celebrated and widely quoted papers, "Stochastic and Statistical Problems in Astronomy," published in 1943. The probability methods reviewed in this paper have found application beyond astronomy in a wide variety of problems and fields as different as colloidal chemistry and stellar dynamics." (DSB) James Hopwood Jeans (1877 -1946) made several important contributions in many areas of physics, including quantum theory, the theory of radiation and stellar evolution. His analysis of rotating bodies led him to conclude that Laplace's theory that the solar system formed from a single cloud of gas was incorrect, proposing instead that the planets condensed from material drawn out of the sun by a hypothetical catastrophic near-collision with a passing star. This theory is not accepted today. Furthermore he is the founder of British cosmology.

London, Macmillan and Co, 1948. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary full cloth. In "Nature", Vol 162, October - December. Ex-libris to front free end-paper and library stamps to title page and first page of index. Fine and clean. Pp. 680-82. First printing of Gamow's paper in which his theory of "Hypothetical Universe Collapse" is presented."In 1948 he predicted that all matter in the universe is in a state of general rotation about some distant center; at the same time he began developing his ideas on the origin and frequency distribution of the chemical elements, postulating that before the "big bang" there existed a primordial state of matter, ("ylem") consisting of neutrons and their decay products, protons and electrons, mixed together in a sea of high-energy radiation-the basic ingredients necessary for the formation of deuterons and heavier, and heavier nuclei as the universe subsequently expanded. Most of the detailed theoretical calculations were carried out by R. Alpher (assisted by R. Herman), which resulted in the well-know Alpher-Bethe-Gamow letter in Physical Review of 1 April 1948-Bethe's name, in one of Gamow's more famous jokes, being added gratuitously to conform to the Greek alphabet. This work also led to the prediction of a residual blackbody radiation spectrum, the remnant from the primordial "big bang" corresponding to few degrees Kelvin. This radiation was first detected in early 1965 by A. A. Penzias and R. W. Wilson; much more definite evidence was found the following year by P. G. Roll and D. T. Wilkinson (in experiments initiated by R. R. Dicke and P. J. E. Peebles) at Princeton University. Cosmological questions concerned Gamow to the end, one of his last investigations being on the possible inconstancy of the gravitational constant and the charge or the electron." (DSB)

Copenhagen London, Reitzel, Longmans, Green & Co's, 1887-91. 8vo. Both volumes with orig. printed wrappers and uncut. (12),163;(10),124,(2) pp. and 1 lithographed map. Volume one a bit loose in the sewing and with some light brownspots. First edition of Heinrich Rink's main work, a groundbreaking study in this field. (Meddelelser om Grønland, vol. 11).

Leipzig, Hirt & Sohn, 1888. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Titleabel with gilt lettering. Top of spine repaired. Spine a bit rubbed. Frontispiece. 390 pp. Profusely illustrated with plates and textillustrations (incl. maps). Internally clean and fine. First edition. An "Ethnologischer Atlas" (annopunced on title-page) could be bought separately. This is not here.

Augsburg, Göbel, 1685. 8vo. In contemporary full calf with four raised bands. Edges of boards with gilt ornamentation. All edges gilt. With traces of clasps. Leather on spine cracked. Annotation (dated 1710) to front free end-paper. Internally very nice and clean. (24), 471, (9) pp. Exceedingly rare first edition of Pfanner’s reflections for Sundays and feast days based on the early Greek and Latin church farthers.

Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1882. 8vo. Original printed wrappers, no backstrip. In "Mathematische Annalen. Begründet 1882 durch Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch. XIX. [19] Band. 4. Heft." Entire issue offered. [Poincaré:] Pp. 553-64. [Entire issue: Pp. 435-594]. First printing of Poincaré's paper on his comprehensive theory of complex-valued functions which remain invariant under the infinite, discontinuous group of linear transformations. In 1881 Poincaré had published a few short papers with some initial work on the topic, and in the 1881, Klein invited Poincaré to write a longer exposition of his results to Mathematische Annalen which became the present paper. This, however, turned out to be an invitation to at mathematical dispute:"Before the article went to press, Klein forewarned Poincaré that he had appended a note to it in which he registered his objections to the terminology employed therein. In particular, Klein disputed Poincaré's decision to name the important class of functions possessing a natural boundary circle after Fuch's, a leading exponent of the Berlin school. The importance he attached to this matter, however, went far beyond the bounds of conventional priority dispute. True, Klein was concerned that his own work received sufficient acclaim, but the overriding issue hinged on whether the mathematical community would regard the burgeoning research in this field as an outgrowth of Weierstrassian analysis or the Riemannian tradition." Parshall. The Emergence of the American Mathematical Research Community. Pp. 184-5.The issue contains the following important contributions by seminal mathematicians:1. Klein, Felix. Ueber eindeutige Functionen mit linearen Transformationen in sich. Pp. 565-68.2. Picard, Emile. Sur un théorème relatif aux surfaces pour lesquelles les coordnnées d´un point quelconque s´experiment par des fonctions abéliennes de deux paramètres. Pp. 578-87.3. Cantor, Georg. Ueber ein neues und allgemeines Condensationsprincip der Singularitäten von Functionen. Pp. 588-94.

Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1904, 1906. 8vo. In "Mathematische Annalen, 58. Band, 1904; 59. Band, 1904; 62. Band, 2. Heft, 1906". 58. Band and 62. Band in the original printed wrappers, without backstrips. Date written with pencil to both front wrappers. 59. Band bound in half cloth with the original wrappers, with wear to spines. All three issue internally very fine and clean. Pp: 195-234; Pp. 129-160; Pp.286-328. First printing of this influential series of papers by Schoenflies, his "fundamental researches into the topological aspects of point set theory" (Anderson. Who gave you the epsilon? P. 144)."The greater part of Schoenflies' original contributions to topology is contained in three papers [The offered] and is devoted to plane topology. He proved the topological invariance of the dimension of the square, and he invented the notions and theorems that are connected with the characterization of the simple closed curve in the plane by its dividing the plane into two domains of which it is the everywhere attainable boundary. There are numerous gaps and wrong statements in this part of Schoenflies' work, and these errors led L. Brouwer to some of his startling discoveries." (DSB).

Leipzig, Ambrosius Barth, 1902. Contemp. hcloth. First hinge broken. (=) "Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 9.", VIII,1344 pp. and 5 plates. The Einstein Paper: pp. 417-435. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered. First edition of Einstein's third paper. - Weil, No 3. - The volume contains 2 papers by Max Planck, originally published in "Jubelband für H.A. Lorentz" und Jubelband für J. Bosscha: "Ueber die von einem elliptisch schwingenden Ion emitterte und absorbierte Energie;" und "Ueber die Verteilung der Energie zwischen Aether und Materie;", pp. 619-628 und pp. 629-641.

Paris, Corréard, 1845. Folio. (49 x 32 cm.). Original printed boards. Later clothbacked. 14,(2) pp., 4 large folded lithographed plans (5 on 4). Scattered brownspots. Klaus Jordan,1732.

London, Newbery, (1759). 12mo. In contemporary full calf with four raised bands. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Light soiling to extremities. Front board with scratch to lower outer corner. Internally with a few ink-stains but otherwise nice and clean. (2), IV, 291, (1) pp. + frontispiece and 7 engraved plates.

Kiøbenhavn, Gyldendal (Printed in Sorø), 1773 - 1776. 8vo. Uniformly bound in five contemporary full calf binding with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spines, vol. 1 being slightly different, leather on spine being slightly darker and different marbled paper to boards. All edges coloured in red. Previous owner's name in contemporary hand to title-page. Wear to spines, expecially on vol. 1., which also has some scratches to boards. Internally very fine and clean, a good set. LXIV, (4), 443, (1) pp.;, (14), 463, (1) pp.; (12), 624, (2) pp.;, (16), 664 pp.; (16), 583, (1) pp. First edition of Schytte’s perhaps most famous work, the first extensive coherent exposition of constitutional law, political and economic matters relating to Denmark. Schytte was much influenced by Montesquieu. Biblioteca Danica I:1052

Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, (1939). 8vo. In the original blue printed wrappers. A very nice and clean copy - near mint. VIII, 71 pp. First printing of Carnap's seminal publication of his semantical period. Here Carnap presents a clear and detailed account of the application of logic and mathematics in empirical science and the central importance of the analytic/synthetic distinction herein.Carnap thought that the logic of science could be fruitfully applied to the problems of quantum theory as well. In particular, the final sections of Foundations of Logic and Mathematics (1939, §§24, 25) suggest that the vexed question of the "interpretation" of the wave-function can be resolved by appreciating that theories of modern mathematical physics operate with "abstract" terms which are implicitly defined, in the manner of Hilbert, in an axiomatic system (and thus require no "intuitive" or "visualizable" meaning) but which still relate to empirical phenomena (experimental measurements) indirectly. (Cambridge Companion to Carnap).These thoughts anticipate Carnap's later conception of the "partial interpretation" of theoretical terms.Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago.

Halle, Rengerischen Buchhandlung, 1775. Small 8vo. 4 cont. hcalf. Backs somewhat rubbed. 2 top of spines worn. First volume rebacked, old back preserved. Paperlabel pasted on upper compartments. Stamps on titles. and old name. Frontcover to vol. 3 damages at edges and first leaves in this vol. soiled. Engraved frontispiece. (30),1934,178 pp. and Indexes. and 121 folded engraved plates (the plates at end of vol. 1 somewhat soiled and browned, the last 2 repaired with small loss of image).