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Examen Phisique et Chimique du Fer et de l'Acier…
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MILITARY MANUSCRIPT -
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn60029
(No place, nor year, but presumably Paris around 1770). Folio. (42,5 x 26 cm.). Sheets loosely inlaid, sewn 4 by 4 leaves, in portfolio with ties. Title-page and 48 pp. Written in a fine, large legible hand, but unidentified, in brown ink. On good thick paper, clean and fine. Fine manuscript on iron and steel production and their use in regard to military equipment.
BERNOULLI, JOHANN.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn44262
Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1714. 4to. In: "Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCCXIV". The entire volume offered in contemporary full vellum. Hand written title on spine. A yellow label pasted on to top of spine. A small stamp to title-page and free front end-paper. Library label to pasted down front free end-paper. As usual with various browning to leaves and plates. Pp. 257-72 + one engraved plate. [Entire volume: Pp. (2), 565, (41) + four engraved plates.]. First printing of this influential Bernoulli-paper on the compound pendula. This paper is one of the earliest examples of his work collected under the title "dynamics". This group of works were written over a span of thirty years in which he occupied himself both with compound pendula, the study of trajectories and laws of dynamics. His early papers, including the present, are usually regarded as being "provocative and verbose". (Villagio. Die Weke Von Johann I Und Nicolaus II Bernoulli. P. 29).Bernoulli had earlier published studies on the compound pendula, but he had been stimulated to reconsider the problem by Leibnitz (Ibid.). The offered volume contains many other papers by influential contemporary mathematicians, philosophers and historians.
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ELFVING, GUSTAV.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn48790
U.S.A., The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 1952. 8vo. No wrappers (as issued). Offprint from "The Annals of Mathematical Statistics", Vol. 23, No. 2, June 1952. Light miscolouring to extremities, otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. 255-262. Scarce offprint of Elfving's seminal paper which marks the beginning of optimality theory of regression theory. The paper also introduced concepts from convex geometry, including "Elfving sets."Pioneering work was done by Elfving in several papers on the methods of computing optimum regression design. The "Optimum allocation in linear regression theory" is without doubt Elfving's single most influential paper, inaugurating that line of research." (Johnson, Leading Personalities in Statistical Sciences: From the Seventeenth Century)While accompanying a surveying expedition to western Greenland, extended and intense rains left Elving with three days in his tent, during which time he consider the best locations of observations to estimate parameters on linear models. Elfving's ideas appeared in his paper on the optimal design of experiments for estimating linear models. This paper also introduced concepts from convex geometry, including "Elfving sets" and Elfving's theorem
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Ordonnances du Roi, toutes dateés du 15 Decembre…
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ARTILLERY MANUSCRIPT
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn59985
France (Paris ?), Undated, around 1772. Folio. (42,5 x 28 cm.). Loose inlaid, sewn 4 by 4 leaves, in portfolio with ties. Title-page and 53 pp. Written in a fine, large legible hand, but unidentified, in brown ink. On good thick paper, clean and fine. Fine manuscript containing a collection of Royal Orders concerning the Artillery Service.
WERDMÜLLER, JOHAN JACOB.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn56230
Franckfurt a. M., Verlegung ds Authoris, Johan Görlin, 1691. Contemp. full vellum. Stamp on title-page. (10),388;(6),301 pp., 12 folded engraved plates., 1 plate repaired in right margin, no loss, but browning to lower corner. Internally clean. Klaus Jordan, 4078.
GIBRALTAR - JEAN-CLAUDE-ELEONORE D'ARCON
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn56870
(Paris), no publ., 1785. Contemp. hcalf. Richly gilt spine. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. Stamp on halftitle. (2),384,XVIII,(1) pp., 6 large folded engraved maps, plans, profiles etc. Clean and fine, printed on good paper.
POTSDAMER WAISENHAUSES -
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn55401
Berlin und Posen, Mittler, 1824. Contemp. hcalf. Richly gilt spine. Gilt lettering. Stamps on title-page. Engraved frontispiece (Portrait of Friedrich Wilhelm I). XVI,486,(2),XVIII,82) pp., 4 engraved plates (architecture) and 5 engraved and handcoloured plates depicting uniforms (4 males, 1 female). Clean and fine, printed on good paper. First edition.
HEIDEGGER, MARTIN.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn35888
Stuttgart, Neske, 1961. 8vo. 2 orig. black full cloth w. orig. orange dust-jackets, white and black lettering to spines and front. A very good set w. only minor bumping to upper capital of vol. 1, otherwise near min, in- as well as externally. 661, (3); 492, (2) pp. The first edition of Heidegger's famous Nietzsche-book, in which he equals Nietzsche's notion of the super-human with the realization of modern technical humanity.Like his lectures on Nietzsche in the 1930'ies and '40'ies, the work also focuses on Nietzsche's posthumously published fragments "Die Wille zur Macht" ("The Will to Power"). According to Heidegger, these fragments form the culmination of Western Metaphysics, -though Metaphysics when turned upside-down, but far from abolished."Nietzsche denkt das, was die metaphysische Tradition das Sein des Seienden nennt, als den ewig wiederkehrenden Willen zur Macht. Durch den Gedanken-Gang zum Willen zur macht zieht Nietzshe eine "Spur" in die "Geschichte des Seins" und d.h. "in die noch unbegangenen Bezirke künftiger Entscheidungen" (I, 475)." (Pöggeler, Der Denkweg Martin Heideggers).With the word "Sein" ("Being"), Heidegger seems to have coined the "essence" of European thought. Metaphysically "Sein" is put into words as the "Wahrheit des Seienden" ("The Truth of Being") in European thought. According to Heidegger, also Nietzsche's philosophy of thought is Metaphysics, but not Metaphysics as a particular philosophical discipline, rather Metaphysics as the "Wahrheit über das Seiende" (the truth about that, which is). Thus viewed, Nietzsche's philosophy becomes the Metaphysics of our times.
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(ADELUNG, J. CHR.).
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn55423
Leipzig, J.G.I. Breitkopf, 1778-79. 4to. Cont. hcalf, gilt back. Wear to top of spine. Stamp on first title-page. Raised bands. Gilt spine. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. A paperlabel taped on lower part of spine. 6 title-pages. (2),22,(2);24;20;32;48;36 pp. With 30 engraved and handcoloured plates (numb. I-XXX) of which 25 are large folded maps, 5 are troup-positions. 1 folded table (unnumb.). A faint marginal dampstain to the first 10 leaves.
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(KIERKEGAARD, SØREN).
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn34479
Kjøbenhavn, 1846. Samt. hldrbd. m. rig tidstypisk rygforgyldn. False slidte og indre false lidt svage. Hjørner slidte. Brunet og med understregninger, primært i blyant. Originaludgave. Himmelstrup 90.
SMOLUCHOWSKI, MARIAN.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn48706
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1914. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper "Überreicht vom Verfasser" [i.e. "Given by the author"]. Offprint of Smoluchowski's chapter in "Handbuch der Elektrizität und des Magnetismus". Very fine and clean. Pp. 366-428. Scarce offprint with the author's printed presentation statement of Smoluchowski's important contribution to the "Handbuch der Elektrizität und des Magnetismus" in which he developed his theory of electroosmotic flow."From 1899 Smoluchowski worked at the University of Lvov. Appointed professor in 1900, he held the chair of mathematical physics there until 1913. His first works at Lvov concerned atmospheric physics, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, electrophoresis, and the theory of mountain folding. Recognition for these specialized works was show by his being asked to write the chapter on endosmosis phenomena in Handbuch der Elektrizitätund des Magnetismus, edited by J. A. Barth (Leipzig, 1914)." (DSB).
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FALLOIS, JOSEPH de.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn28642
Dresden, Georg Conrad Walther, 1768. 4to. Uncut in cont. boards. Back, edges and covers rubbed. Engraved titlevignette and engraved vignette on dedication-leaf (to Prince Xavier de Pologne et de Saxe). XVIII,252 pp. and 20 folded double-page engraved plates, 1 table. Large uncut copy. Light browning and some brownspots at end. Small rubberstamp on titlepage and on verso of title. First edition.
EULER, [LEONHARD].
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn44265
(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1756). 4to. No wrappers as issued in "Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres". tome X, pp. 173-199; pp. 200-226. First printing of two Euler-papers in which he occupies himself with an unsolvable geometric problem and the physics of the different refrangibilities of light rays, a field Euler made important and original contributions to. Euler's wave theory of light, published in 1746, was based on an analogy between sound and light to a more and more mathematical elaboration on that notion. His wave theory degenerated, and it was not until Fresnel introduced transverse waves and an elaborate notion of interference that the wave theory again progressed. He was the second after Christian Huygens to proposed a wave theory of light, and thereby one of the earliest to argue against Newton's particle theory of light. His 1740s papers on optics helped ensure that the wave theory of light proposed by Christian Huygens would become the dominant mode of thought until the development of the quantum theory of light.See Eneström E220, E221.
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ANDERSON, P. W.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn43433
Lancaster and New York, American Institute of Physics, 1958. Lex8vo. Volume 109, March 1, No. 5, 1958 of "The Physical Review", Second Series. In the original printed blue wrappers. Slight traces of wear to spine. Previous owner's stamp to front wrapper (C. Møller). Internally fine and clean. Pp. 1492-1505. [Entire issue: Pp. 1407-1862]. First edition of Anderson's seminal paper, in which he laid the foundation for a quantum-mechanical theory of transport in systems with a certain generic type of disorder involving onsite energy randomness. This is also known as the Anderson localization. On the basis of the discovery presented in the present article which led to investigations into the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, Anderson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977. The discovery has allowed for the development of electronic switching and memory devices in computers."Disorder-induced electron localization, i.e. Anderson localization, was first predicted by Andersonin 1958 [in the present paper]. In his pioneering paper, the continuity or discontinuity of the energy spectrum of electrons on a diagonally disordered system is related to their localization property." (Nakayama, Fractal concepts in condensed matter physics, 2003, p. 117)"Anderson's model ushered in a new quantum mechanical view of metal-insulator transitions. And in the early 1960s, Nevill Mott introduced the notion of a mobility edge that separates extended and localized states. The idea of a mobility edge would develop into one of the most studied concepts of condensed-matter physics. For their work on disordered systems, Anderson, his thesis adviser John van Vleck, and Mott shared the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physics.Ironically, Anderson's 1958 paper hardly got noticed at first; it was cited just 30 times in the first 10 years. Today, it's been cited over 4000 times, though too often as an "unrecognizable monster" as described by its creator in 1983. Indeed, theoreticians have found a variety of ways to look at localization - from scale-dependent diffusion and fractal wavefunctions to quantum chaos, dense-point spectra, and kicked rotors." (Fifty years of Anderson localization Physics Today, August 2009).
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De l'Araneologie, ou sur la decouverte du rapport…
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QUATREMÈRE DISJONVAL.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn61382
Paris, J. J. Fuchs, an V. (1797). 8vo. In contemporary marbled paper covered boards with small paper label pasted on to top of spine. Scratch to back board otherwise a nice and clean copy. (2), 164 pp. First edition of this rather unusual treatise on spiders in which Quatremère-Disjonval explores the relationship between spiders and weather conditions; he used spiders as an indicator for atmospheric variations. Quatremère-Disjonval (1754-1830) was banished by Napoleon after the bankruptcy of his cotton spinning mill. Exiled to the Netherlands, he was imprisoned in Utrecht for his peculiar ideas and research. During his imprisonment, he studied the behavior of spiders. It was through atmospheric predictions derived from the behavior of spiders that Quatremère-Disjonval warned Jean-Charles Pichegru, French general, in the winter of 1795 of an impending severe frost, which trapped the Dutch fleet in the ice of the Zuiderzee and thus allowed the French armies to invade the Netherlands without resistance. This prediction earned him his release.
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GINI, CORRADO.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn46946
Milano, Palermo, Napoli, Rema Sandron, 1908. 4to. Bound in recent full cloth with red leather title label with gilt lettering to spine. Front wrapper pasted on to front board. Occassional light underlignings in pencil. A fine copy. XXIX, (1), 517, (3), 16. + 54 numbered plates and 3 unnumbered plates. First edition of Italian economist Gini's - particularly famous for the Gini coefficient - graduate thesis, and first published work, on gender from a statistical point of view, in which he for the first time introduced: "the hypothesis that the cause of differential birth rate could be reduced to the environmental influence on "germinal elements" (Cassata: Building the New Man: Eugenics, Racial Science and Genetics in Twentieth Century). This work is a thorough review of the natal sex ratio, looking at past theories and at how new hypothesis fit the statistical data. In particular, it presents evidence that the tendency to produce one or the other sex of child is, to some extent, heritable."Animals kept in captivity demonstrated, according to Gini, that "the maturation of the germinal elements is obstructed by captivity, as it impedes muscular activity, makes the environment uniform, and greatly reduces the reaction of the organism." In the same way, in the human species, the "development of sex" appeared favored by those conditions - muscular work, "active rural life", sport - that "command in the organism, and through it, in the germinal cells, a lively reaction, which is obstructed on the other, by the opposite conditions of health and tranquility". This physiological reason could explain, therefore Gini's view, the lesser prolificacy of the aristocracy compared to the lower social classes and the decreasing rate of the "white races". (Cassata: Building the New Man: Eugenics, Racial Science and Genetics in Twentieth Century)."Gini (1884-1965), perhaps best known to economists because of the Gini Coefficient, was born in Motta di Livenza, Italy. His doctoral thesis [The present], defended in 1905, was awarded the Vittorio Emanuele prize for social sciences. (The New Palgrave).
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An explanation of the generall Epistle of Saint…
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OTES, SAMUEL.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn60834
London, Printed by Elizabeth Purslow for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. Folio. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Wear to extremities. Boards with stains and scratches, with a some loss of leather. Missing small part of leather to upper capital. Inner hinges split. Light marginal brownspotting throughout. Occassional underlignings and marginal annotations in contemporary hand. (26), 58, 61-400, 403-424, 405-472, 475-525, (19) pp. Wanting the folded table. Rare first edition of the 40 sermons Oates’ preached at North Walsham containing warnings against Brownists and other seperatists. Being born in 1610 Oates was only 23 years old when he published the present work.
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UHLENBECK, G. E. (+) GOUDSMIT, S.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn47059
Berlin, Springer, 1925. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with paper label with handwritten title to spine. In "Die Naturwissenschaften", Vol. 30, 1925. Library stamp to title page, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 953-954. [Entire volume: XXIII, (1), 1092, 44 pp.]. First printing of this landmark paper in which electron spin was first announced. "Ehrenfest had suggested that he work with a fellow student, Goudsmit, who already was an expert on atomic spectra. The two of them wrote a paper on the spectrum of hydrogen, giving an improved interpretation involving half-integer quantum numbers. Then came their great discovery: electron spin. The quantum numbers they had assigned implied that the electron must have another degree of freedom; it must be rotating. With this idea everything fell into place. They published first a short note and then, at the encouragement of Niels Bohr, who visited Leiden shortly after their discovery, a longer paper that appeared in Nature. The origin of the spin-orbit interaction was apparently suggested by Albert Einstein, who also visited Leiden at the time and pointed out that in its rest frame, the electron sees an orbiting nucleus and hence a magnetic field. There remained an awkward factor of two in the spin precession rate. This was soon explained as a relativistic effect in an elegant paper by Llewellen H. Thomas. In their third and final paper on electron spin, Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck summarized these results and gave what has become the accepted interpretation of electron spin and atomic spectra." (DSB)The discovery of electron spin was proposed as an explanation for the Stern-Gerlach experiment. In this experiment a beam of silver atoms was allowed to pass through an inhomogeneous magnetic field. When the magnetic field was on, the beam of silver atoms split into two parts, one deflected up and the other deflected down. In 1925, Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit, both graduate students at the time, proposed an explanation for the Stern-Gerlach experiment by postulating that the electron possesses an intrinsic angular momentum, referred to as "spin".This intrinsic angular momentum gives rise to a magnetic moment in the electron that interacts with magnetic fields. The electron spin and the related magnetic moment are quantized such that there are only two possible discrete values. This quantization of the magnetic moment is what leads to the deflection of the beam of silver atoms either up or down in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. Their insight furnished a missing link leading to the final triumph of the then-struggling birth of quantum mechanics.
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PEANO, GIUSEPPE.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn47189
Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1890. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Mathematische Annalen", Volume 36., 1890. Entire volume offered. Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Small library stamp to lower part of title title page and verso of title page. Very fine and clean. Pp. 157160. [Entire volume: IV, 602 pp.]. First printing of Peano's seminal paper in which he for the very first time discovered a space-filling curve in a 2-dimensional plane, it is often referred to as Peano curves. Peano's ground-breaking paper contained no illustrations of his construction, which is defined in terms of ternary expansions and a mirroring operator. But the graphical construction was perfectly clear to him-he made an ornamental tiling showing a picture of the curve in his home in Turin. Peano's paper also ends by observing that the technique can be obviously extended to other odd bases besides base 3. His choice to avoid any appeal to graphical visualization was no doubt motivated by a desire for a well-founded, completely rigorous proof owing nothing to pictures. At that time (the beginning of the foundation of general topology), graphical arguments were still included in proofs, yet were becoming a hindrance to understanding often counter-intuitive results.Peano' purpose was to construct a continuous mapping from the unit interval onto the unit square. Peano was inspired by Georg Cantor's earlier counterintuitive result that the infinite number of points in a unit interval is the same cardinality as the infinite number of points in any finite-dimensional manifold, such as the unit square. The problem Peano solved was whether such a mapping could be continuous; i.e., a curve that fills a space.
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SIEMENS, CHARLES WILLIAM [+] HENRY CHARLES FORDE.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn48490
London, William CLowes and Sons, 1863. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers with Siemens's inscription to front wrapper: "to Mr. A. L. Ternant / from Author". With previous owner's stamp to lower part of front wrapper: "A. L. Ternant". Lacking upper part of spine, a few marginal annotations in pencil throughout. 50, (5) pp. + 3 large folded plates. First printing of this important publication in the history of telegraphs cables with a most interesting presentation inscription: It was given by Siemens to A. L. Ternant, author to several early paper on submarine cables. The Malta-Alexandria cable was ordered by the British government, manufactured by John Pender, and constitute one of the very first submarine telegraph cables. "The making and laying of the Malta to Alexandria cable gave rise to researches on the resistance and electrification of insulating materials under pressure, which formed the subject of a paper read before the British association in 1863. The effect of pressure up to 300 atmospheres was observed, and the fact elicited that the inductive capacity of gutta-percha is not affected by increased pressure, whereas that of india-rubber is diminished. The electrical tests employed during the construction of the Malta and Alexandria cable, and the insulation and protection of submarine cables, also formed the subject of a paper [the present]." (Munro, Heros of the Telegraph, P. 72). The Malta-Alexandria cable was the first Siemens was involved in and the experience made him in 1874: "design the cable ship Faraday and assisted in the laying of the first of several transatlantic cables that it completed. During the last fifteen years of his life he actively supported the development of the engineering profession and its societies and stimulated public interest in the conservation of fuel, the reduction of air pollution and the potential value of electric power in a wide variety of engineering applications.(DSB).In 1859 Glass, Elliot and Company received an order from the British Government to manufacture and lay a cable from Falmouth, England to Gibraltar. The government then changed the route to Rangoon - Singapore and finally to Malta - Alexandria, Egypt.
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Anweisung zur wahren Gemüths-Ruhe, Darinnen nach…
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ROHR, JULIUS BERNHARD VON.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn61446
Leipzig, Heinsius, 1732 8vo. In contemporary full calf with four raised bands. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Wear and scratches to extremities. Internally nice and clean. (30), 608 pp. + frontispiece. The uncommon first and only edition of Rohr’s guide to teach readers how to achieve mental tranquility and contentment. Julio Bernhard von Rohr (1688–1742) was German writer and scholar known for his works on philosophy, spirituality, and practical guidance for living a content and virtuous life. He held the title of "Land-Cammer-Rath" (Land Chamber Counselor) in the service of the High-Princely Saxon court in Merseburg. He studied law at Leipzig University and also attended scientific lectures. Apart from his academic writings in cameralism and natural sciences, Rohr was also known for his travel guides on the Harz region.
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VENTURINI, CARL.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn55838
Leipzig und Altenburg, Brockhaus, 1816-19. Bound in 4 uniform contemp. hcalf. Gilt spines. Titlelabels with gilt lettering. A paperlabel pasted on spines. Stamp on title-pages. 4 engraved frontispieces (2 bound at end of respective vol.), 9 engraved plates (with many portraits), 12 engraved uniform-plates, handcoloured, 3 folded engraved maps, outline coloured. Occassionally faint scattered brownspots. In all ca. 2300 pp.
TOBIN, JAMES.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn53281
Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1974. 8vo. In publisher's original full cloth with gilt lettering to spine in the original (price-clipped) dust-jacket. Vague stamp ("$5.45") to half title. A very fine and clean copy. (10), 105, (1) pp. First edition of perhaps the most controversial and debated treatise on taxation in the 20th century: The Tobin-Tax, a tax on all spot conversions of one currency into another designed to reduce speculation in the international currency markets, which he saw as dangerous and unproductive.In August 2009 in a roundtable interview in Prospect magazine, Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions, warning that the "swollen" financial sector paying excessive salaries had grown too big for society. Lord Turner's suggestion that a "Tobin tax" - named after James Tobin - should be considered for financial transactions made headlines around the world.In 1981 was awarded to James Tobin "for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices".In honor of Eliot Janeway's contributions as an economic historian, Princeton University endowed the Eliot Janeway lectures on historical economics. The present lecture was given in 1972 but was not published until 1974.
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HINTIKKA, JAAKKO.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn47096
(No place), The Association for Symbolic Logic, Inc., 1956 + 1957. 8vo. Bound with the original wrappers in contemporary full cloth with black title label in leather with gilt lettering to spine. In "Journal of Symbolic Logic", Volume 21, Number 3, 1956 + Volume 22, Number 3, 1957. Small tear to lower right corner of back wrapper of volume 21 and front wrapper of volume 22. Small repair on back wrapper of volume 22. Otherwise a very fine and clean set. Pp. 225-248; Pp. 245-249 [entire issue: Pp. 225-336; Pp. 225-336]. First printing of these two important, but for long overlooked, articles, which together constitute Hintikka's attempt to cope with Wittgenstein's elimination of identity as proposed in the "Tractatus". With the translation rules that Hintikka here put forward, he is the first to try to carry out Wittgenstein's suggestions systematically. The Finnish born philosopher and logician, Jaakko Hintikka (born 1929), Professor of Philosophy at the University of Boston, is generally accepted as the founder of formal epistemic logic and of game semantics for logic. He has contributed seminally to the fields of philosophical and mathematical logic, philosophy of mathematics and science, language theory and epistemology. Independently of Evert Willem Beth he discovered the semantic tableau, and he is famous for his work on game semantics and logical quantifiers. In 2005 Hintakka was awarded the Schock Prize in logic and philosophy, the philosophical equivalent to the Nobel prize, "for his pioneering contributions to the logical analysis of modal concepts, in particular the concepts of knowledge and belief ". In the 1950'ies Hintikka took it upon himself to follow Wittgentein's suggestion of elimination of identity suggested in the "tractatus", and in the two offered articles, he succeeds in constructing a logic without identity. The main point of the two connected articles is to show that variables can be used in two ways. One way does not exclude coincidences of the values of different variables (inclusive interpretation of variables), the other does (exclusive interpretation of variables) and can be either weakly or strongly exclusive. He now claims that in the "Tractatus" Wittgenstein adopts the weakly exclusive interpretation of variable and then proves that the weakly exclusive quantifiers are able to express everything that the inclusive quantifiers plus identity can express, and without a sign for identity, - for the first time systematically supporting Wittgenstein's claim that identity is not an essential constituent of logical notation. "There are a number of references to the exclusive interpretations of variables in current logical literature. An exclusive reading of variables was, in effect, suggested by Ludwig Wittgenstein in "Tractatus logico-philosophicus. As far as I know, however, no one has previously tried to carry out his suggestions systematically. Several misconceptions seem to be current concerning the outcome of an attempts of this kind. Carnap expects radical changes in the rules of substitution. If I am not mistaken, however, at least one form of the exclusive interpretation may be formalized by making but slight alterations in the axioms and/or in the transformation rules of the predicate calculus. Also I hope to say that it is not correct to say (as Russell has done) that Wittgenstein tried to dispense with the notion of identity. What a systematic use of an exclusive reading of variables amounts to is a new way of coping with the notion of identity in a formalized system of logic. Under the most natural formalization of the new interpretations, the resulting system is equivalent to the old predicate calculus (with identity): every formula of the latter admits of a translation into the former, and vice versa." (Vol. 21, Nr. 3, p. 228)."A deviation from standard English. Recent discussion serves to bring out, amply and convincingly, the utility of observing the ordinary correct use of words and phrases for the purpose of clearing up philosophical problems. In this paper, I shall endeavour to show, by means of an example, that the reverse method may have its interest, too. " (Vol. 21, Nr. 3, p. 225). "This note is a sequel to the previous paper of mine which was entitled "Identity, variables, and impredicative definitions" and published in this JOURNAL, vol. 21 (1956, pp. 225-245. That early paper served to call attention to the dependency of the set-theoretic paradoxes on the interpretation of the variables that may occur in the critical "abstraction principle". (Vol. 22, Nr. 3, p. 245).Besides these two articles, the two issues also include other important articles within logic, e.g. Quine, "Unification of Universes in Set Theory" and Symonds and Chisholm "Inference by Complementary Elimination".
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STIER, JOHANN.
Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S
lyn42125
Jena & Helmstad, Arnstad, Birckner, 1662. 4to. Contemp. full vellum. Some brownspots to covers. Front free endpaper lacks, old annotations on inside frontcover. Old owners names on titlepage. (6),62,(2);(2),109,(3) pp. - (32) pp. - (4),41,(1) pp. - (2),21,(1) pp. - 27,(1) pp. Some soiling to right corners in the last work. Present is all parts of Johann Stier's (1599-1648) textbook in philosophy. It was widely used in the 17th century.

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