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Kjøbenhavn, (No year, but circa 1715). Folio (300 x 190 mm). In later cardboard binding with black and red lettering to front board. Binding miscoloured and with a few stains. Previous owner's name (Bille Brahe) to title-page. Paper on spine partly detached. Stamp (Hvedholm Bibliothek) to title-page Stains and light soiling throughout. Last leaf with repair to upper inner margin, with loss of lettering. 6 ff. Exceedingly rare commemorative publication containing four panegyrics to Danish Vice-Admiral Jens Just here with a most interesting provenance having been housed in both Hvedholm Castle and Valdemar’s Castle. From 1709 to 1712, Just was the Danish envoy to Tsar Peter the Great, he kept a vividly written diary of his impressions from his time at the Russian imperial court, which was later published 1893. Upon his return he was appointed vice admiral and was soon assigned to the main fleet. In 1715, under the command of Admiral P. Raben, he led the vanguard in a naval battle at Jasmund on August 8. There he was attacked by the defector D. Wilster who had entered Swedish naval service. Juel was struck by a cannonball and died shortly thereafter. He is buried in Roskilde Cathedral in Denmark right below the cannonball that killed him.

Königsberg, Nicolovius, 1797. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. All edges coloured in red. Wear to spine. Small stamp to verso of title-page, internally nice and clean. X, 59, (4), 64-190, (1) pp. First edition, constituting the second part of Kant’s Metaphysik der Sitten (Metaphysics of Morals), published in the same year as his ”Rechtslehre”. The present work deals with duties of virtue - those moral obligations which cannot be externally enforced but belong to the inner sphere of freedom. Kant systematically examines both duties to oneself (self-preservation, cultivation of talents, self-respect) and duties to others (beneficence, gratitude, sympathy, respect). In doing so, he provides one of the most influential formulations of a deontological ethics grounded in autonomy and reason. Warda 176

Berlin, Verlag Schall & Grund, 1896-1900. Bound in 5 orig. pictorial clothbindings, volume I with renewed spine, all spines with library labels. XV, 596; X, 527; XIII, 662; XVIII, 568; XX, 600 pp. With numerous folding maps and illustr. Library stamps.

Kjøbenhavn, Ernst Henrich Berling,1740. Brunt hellcrbd fra omkr. 1840. Permer og ryg rigt blindtrykt, rygforgyldning og forgyldte bordurer på permer. Helt guldsnit. Brugsspor. Lidt defekt ved nederste kapitæl. (16),582,(registre),112 pp. Indvendig udmærket velbevaret. Collecter (med eget titelblad 1740) er lidt tæt beskåret. Originaludgaven, yderst sjælden. Den udkom samtidigt på Berlings forlag og på Waysenhus' trykkeri, og er opkaldt efter udgiveren Erik Pontoppidan. Den indeholder et fyldigt udvalg af pietistiske salmedigtere, først og fremmest H.A. Brorson. Salmebogen blev brugt ved hoffets kirker, i nogle købstæder og i Sønderjylland, hvor Kingos salmebog ikke var blevet indført."Pontoppidans salmebog lagde 259 pietistiske salmer oven i Kingo-salmebogens 297. Den indførtes ved hoffet, straks den udkom (1740) og kom i brug i adelen og det bedre borgerskab og i de egne, hvor pietismen havde sat sit præg - Bornholm, det sydlige Norge og i Nordslesvig, hvor den holdt sig længe og blev en afgørende faktor i bevarelsen af dansk som kirkesprog." (Jørgen Kjærgaard).Bibl. Danica I, 339.

London, Groombridge and Sons, 1865. Royal8vo. Orig. full cloth. Spine and frontcover gilt. Professionally rebacked preserving orig. spine. Light edgewear. Small stamps on verso of title-page and on foot of last leaf. XVI,592 pp. + Publisher's catatalogue. Internally fine and clean. First edition.

København, Gyldendal, 1922. 8vo. Ubeskåret i de originale omslag. Kapitæler (navnlig nedre) med noget slid. Enkelte pletter på omslag og mindre rifter i kanter. Bogblok en smule skæv. Med egenhændig dedikation fra forfatteren på smudstitelbladet: "Ole Winding / med venlig / Tanke / fra / Johannes V. Jensen / 24-12-23." Ren og pæn indvendig. 228 pp. Nydeligt dedikationseksemplar, i de originale omslag, af Johannes V. Jensens hovedværk. Romanen udgør et af det 20. århundredes absolutte hovedværker. Nærværende eksemplar bærer en egenhændig dedikation fra Jensen til den på den tid unge journalist og forfatter Ole Vinding (1906-1985).

Paris, Chez Crochard, 1814. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Top of spine with wear. A few scratches to binding. In: "Annales de Chimie, ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie" Tome 91. - 336 pp. a. 1 engraved plate.(the entire volume offered). Gay-Lussac's paper: pp. 5-160. Some scattered brownspots. First printing of Gay-Lussac's classic paper on Iodine, (discovered 1811 by J.C. Courtois), in which he showed that the new substance was an element analogous of chlorine and in which he named the substance Iode, from the Greek ioeides, meaning "violet colored".Gay-Lussac's and Davy's rechearches on iodine were carried out simultaneously, which makes it difficult to assaign priority. Gay-Lussac was annoyed at Davy's introsion. His work, however, is considered as a model of experimental research. (Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book of Chemistry", p. 293)."Gay-Lussac's major publication on iodine was not ready to be read to the Institute until August 1814, by which time not only Davy but Vaquelin had explored the subject fairly extensively. Gay-Lussac, however, deserves full credit for his detailled study of hydrogen iodide, which he found to have a 50 percent hydrogen content by volume. He contrasted its thermal decomposition with the stability of hydrogen chloride. By the action of chlorine and iodine, he pepared, independently of Davy and at about the same time, iodine monochloride and trichloride. After further carefull study of the properties of iodine, he prepared and examined a number of iodides and iodates. He prepared for the first time ethyl iodide by distilling together concentrated hydriodic acid with absolute alcohol. The close analogy that he emphasized between chlorine and iodine led him to further investigation of the former, and he discovered chloric acid by the action of sulfuric acid on a solution of barium chlorate."(DSB V, pp. 322-23). - Parkinson "Breakthroughs", 1814 C. - Duveen p. 237.The volume contains other importent chemical papers, A. Séguin: "Premier-Second Mémoire sur le Quinquina", pp.273-284 a. 304-317 and 3 other papers by him (one together with Lavoisier), by Guyton-Morveau, Payssé, Colin etc.

Monachii (München), Josephi Lindauer, 1822. Cont. hcalf. Gilt back, title and tome-labels in leather, gilt. XVI,332,(2) pp., 7 Tables on 4 leaves ( 2 foded). Occasionally brownspotted. First edition of the Bavarian Pharmacopoea (Latin).

(København, Godiche, (1756). - Anhang: 1771. 4to. Velbevaret samtidigt helldrbd.m.rig rygforgyldning og skindtitel. Kobberst.titelblad og kobberst.vignetter (af O.H.de Lode). 276, (240),48 pp. Rent frisk eksemplar, trykt på det bedste skrivepapir. Originaltrykket. Efter kongens udtrykkelige ønske trykt med antikva af Godiche. - Birkelund nr. 114.

Paris, G. Masson, 1880. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique", 5e Series, Tome 21. 576 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Bell's paper: 399-430. With 11 fine textillustrations (showing the apparatus). Clean and fine. First French version of "On the Production and Reproduction of Sound by Light" (the French version published in November and the English in October 1880) of this importent paper in which Bell describes his and Charles Sumner Tainter's, his assistent, invention of the Photophone or Radiophone, THE PROGENITOR OF MODERN FIBER OPTICS. This invention made possible the world's FIRST WIRELESS TELEPHONE MESSAGE, and the first call was sent from the Franklin Scool to the window of Bell's laboratory, some 213 meter away.Also with Breguet's importent paper on the Selenium used in the technology."On June 3, 1880, Alexander Graham Bell transmitted the first wireless telephone message on his newly invented "photophone." Bell believed the photophone was his most important invention. The device allowed for the transmission of sound on a beam of light. Of the eighteen patents granted in Bell's name alone, and the twelve he shared with his collaborators, four were for the photophone. Bell's photophone worked by projecting voice through an instrument toward a mirror. Vibrations in the voice caused similar vibrations in the mirror. Bell directed sunlight into the mirror, which captured and projected the mirror's vibrations. The vibrations were transformed back into sound at the receiving end of the projection. The photophone functioned similarly to the telephone, except the photophone used light as a means of projecting the information, while the telephone relied on electricity." (Mary Bellis).The first successful attempts were based upon the properties of selenium: "The electric resistance of which varies with the degree of illumination to which it is exposed. Hence, given a transmitting instrument, such as a flexible mirror, by which the vibrations of a sound could throw into vibrations a beam of light, a receiver, consisting of sensitive selenium, forming part of an electric circuit with a battery and a telephone, should suffice to translate the varying intensities of light into corresponding varying intensities of electric current, and finally into vibrations of the telephone disk audible once more as sound." (Prescott, George. Bell's Electric Speaking Telephone. 313 p.).

A La Haye, Van-Lom, Pierre Gosse, & Albers, 1714. 8vo. Uniformly bound in two contemporary full calf bindings with five raised bands and richly gilt spine. Edges of boards gilt. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Light wear to extremities, otherwise a nice and clean set. (14), 415 pp.; (2), 478 pp. First edition Monnoye's collection of selected works in both prose and verse. Bernard de La Monnoye (1641-1728) was a French poet, scholar, and critic from Dijon, Burgundy. He is best known for his collection of Christmas carols, "Les Noëls bourguignons," written in the Burgundian dialect which are celebrated for their charm and regional authenticity. Besides his carols, La Monnoye excelled in witty and satirical poetry and made significant contributions to literary criticism and scholarship.

Kjøbenhavn, J.H. Schultz, 1825. 8vo. Indbundet i to nyere helshirtbind med forgyldte rygtitler. Rene og pæne indvendigt. 49,80;(2),54 pp. De særdeles sjældne originaludgaver af Hjorts tre indlæg i Howitz-fejden, striden om viljens frihed."Med afhandlingen "Om Afsindighed og Tilregnelse, et Bidrag til Psykologien og Retslæren", indledte Howitz i 1824 det 19. århundredes danske diskussion om viljens frihed." (Koch, Den danske idealisme, p. 183). Howitz mente, at samtidens retslærde (med Ørsted i spidsen) ikke forstod forholdet mellem menneskets normale fornuftstilstand og den afsindige tilstand, og han påbegyndte dermed en diskussion af det juridiske begreb om tilregnelighed, bag hvilket han mente at se Kants frihedslære. På flere fronter foregriber han emner, der forekommer meget moderne. For det første var hans mål i opposition til Ørsted at få ændret synet på domme i straffesager, hvor ydre omstændigheder burde siges at kunne svække den sagsøgtes evne til at handle fuldt rationelt, - en foregriben af moderne retspraksis. Samtidig behandler han spørgsmålet om sindssygdom som et spørgsmål om enhver anden legemlig sygdom. Han gør sig til talsmand for en biologisk funderet psykiatri, der sidestiller psykiske lidelser med fysiske lidelser ved at finde sædet for denne type sygdomme i hjernen.Med Hume søger Howitz således at gendrive Kants lære om menneskets frihed. Han sætter lighedstegn mellem forholdet motiv-handling og forholdet årsag-virkning, og således kan der, ifølge Howitz, når det gælder menneskelige handlinger, heller ikke findes noget, der er uden årsag. Howitz opfattede dog ikke, helt på linie med Hume, denne naturnødvendighed som værende i modstrid med friheden.Der er ingen tvivl om, at et skrift af den art som Howitz' "Om Afsindighed og Tilregnelse" har virket provokerende på den filosofisk idealistiske samtid, der ikke anerkendte nogen form for materialistisk determinisme, og det var nærmest en nødvendighed for de vigtigste filosofisk aktive skribenter i Danmark at svare på dette provokerende skrift.Således skriver først Ørsted allerede samme år "Et Par Ord; i Anledning af den foranstaaende Afhandling". Fejden, striden om viljens frihed, er nu i fuld gang, og hele det filosofiske Danmark inddrages heri. Allerede samme år svarer Howitz igen på Ørsteds svar, med sit værk "Determinismen eller Hume imod Kant". Howitz fastholder heri sine meninger fra det første indlæg, og sætter trumf på ved bl.a. at påpege, "at den kantske frihed er en videnskabelig uting, idet det må gælde for såvel den moralske som den fysiske natur, at den er underkastet love." (Koch, p. 191)"Hjorts indlæg imod Howitz er præget af ordkløveri, uklarhed og påstuleren og er -ligesom Mynsters- skrevet ud fra en bevidsthed om at indtage en overlegen position i forhold til den angrebne." (C.H. Koch, "Den danske idealisme", p. 202).In the Feud on Free Will, Hjort published these three separate works, in which he attacks Howitz and, with him, Hume.

Paris, Jean Babtiste Coignard, 1690. 4to. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Upper part of spine missing small part of leather. Some scratches to boards. Internally fine anD clean. (24), 797 pp. 65 full page engravings included in the pagination. Second edition of Felibien's work on many iconic Greek and Roman buildings.

Stockholm, Carl Stolpe (senere:) Johan A. Carlbohm, 1769-83. Indbundet i 4 smukke hldrbd. fra omkr. 1850 med ophøjede bind på rygge, rygforgyldning og forgyldte skindtitler. Ialt ca. 3000pp. Rent frisk eksemplar. Originaltrykket af Sveriges klassiske historieværk. Fra 1769 til 1783 udgav Lagerbring 4 dele af Swea Rikets Historie, som omfatter tiden indtil Christian I, og i 1775 udgav han et "Sammandrag" indtil 1772). Lagerbring viser i disse arbejder en stor kritisk evne, gransker nøje kilderne og har mere end de fleste af sine samtidige rådspurgt udenlandske kilder. I Danmark var Frederik Sneedorff meget inspireret af Lagerbring historie.Warmholtz: 2541.

(Ca. 1888). Fotografiet måler 9x5,9 cm og er monteret på pap m. guldkant der måler 5x6,3 cm, på hvilket er trykt for neden: E. Hohlenberg, Kongl. Hoffotograf. Østergade 1, Kjøbenhavn. Fotografiet viser Hamsun i næsten 3/4 profil, med hovedet drejet en smule til højre. Fotografiet er et af de velkendte Hamsun-portrætter og må være atget samtidig med det, der finder på forsoden af smudsomslaget til bd. 1 af Næss, da han har nøjagtig samme tøj på, håret falder på nøjagtig samme måde, osv.

Geneve, 1767. Original blue cardboard binding with contemporary handwritten paper title-label to spine. Pencil-numbering to inside of boards. A very nice and clean copy. Woodcut vignette to title-page. With the ex-libris of the notes Danish book collector K.F. Plesner to inside of front board. Rare first edition of this interesting, anonymously written continuation of Voltaire's Candide, which wraps up the adventures of the hero. "Turning his back on both Voltarian satire and scepticism, the novelist proposes a moralistic fable - the focal point of which is a rehabilitation of Leibniz's Theory of Optimism. The main body of the novel tells the story of Candide and his new wife, the noble Zénoïde, in their sumptuous Copenhagen townhouse. Before achieving this happy state, however, the couple endures various trials and tribulations reminiscent of the newly minted gothic genre. "Candide au Dannemarc" also features a satirical portrait of Jean-Jacques Rousseau." (Éduard M. Langille, from the introduction to the new edition of "Candide au Dannemarc", edited by him). Voltaire's "Candide" had inspired a sequel that appeared in 1760, which is attributed to Charles-Claude-Florent de Campigneulles, but which might be by Henri-Joseph du Laurens. The present work is a direct continuation of that sequel (although it ignores the happy ending of the previous work), but evidently from the preface, it is not written by the same author. It has still not been determined who the actual author is.The part on Rousseau (pp. 148-167) in the present work has become quite famous, portraying him satirically as trying to make a living in Copenhagen from copying music while plotting to escape to America. The novel ends with Candide leaving Denmark to be the Danish ambassador in Russia.A secoond edition appeared in 1769.

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1934. 8vo. Bound in nice half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Published in "Zeitschrift für Physik". Pp. 161-177. [Entire volume: VIII, 825 pp]. Library stamp to free front end-paper. Clean and fine. First edition of Fermi's seminal and exceedingly important paper on beta-decay. In one stroke, Fermi had solved the major problem of beta decay: How do electrons come out of the nucleus if there are non to begin with? In the paper he coined the term neutrino and his groundbreaking work awarded him the Nobel Prize in physics in 1938.How pioneering and daring Fermi's theory was became clear when he first submitted his paper to the prestigious journal Nature. The journal's editor turned it down because "it contained speculations which were too remote from reality", consequently it became published in Zeitschrift für Physik. Eventually six years later, in 1939, Nature published Fermi's paper.In late 1933 Fermi wrote his famous article offering an elegant solution to a well know problem: Fermi proposed an entire new force of nature, the weak force. "This new force, together with gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong interaction which binds the particles of the nucleus, constitutes the family of forces presently known in physics. The should account for the whole universe. Weak interactions [forces] occur between all particles and are thus unlike electromagnetism or strong interactions, which are restricted to certain particles. The first manifestation of the weak interaction to be treated in detail was the beta decay." (DSB, IV, p. 579b).The "canonical formalism of Heisenberg and Pauli gave rise, in the thirties and forties, to many applications of which the most important may be mentioned here: 1934 Enrico Fermi gave the formal explanation of beta-radioactivity of atomic nuclei by making use of the hypothesis formulated by Pauli in 1930 which postulated the existence." (Enz, Charles. Of Matter And Spirit, 2009, p. 167).Pauli had named his proposed light particle a neutron. James Chadwick had named his much more massive nuclear particle a neutron as well which left the two particles with the same name. Fermi therefore, to solve the confusion, coined the term neutrino (Italian diminutive of neutron). Fermi is widely regarded as one of the leading scientists of the 20th century, Along with Oppenheimer he is frequently referred to as "the father of the atomic bomb".

Hildesburghausen, 1858-60. Large 8vo. 5 cont. hcalf. Some plts. slightly brownspotted. Complete with 5 engr. titles and 204 engr. plates.

Kiøbh., 1748 - 1754. 3 samt. uensartede helldrbd. Bd. 1 lidt slidt spejlbd. m. 5 oph. bd. på ryg, rig rygforgyldn., titelfelt slidt næsten væk. Bd. 2 pænt spejlbd. m. 4 oph. bd. på ryg og rig rygforgyldn. Ryg m. lidt brugsspor. Bd. 3 meget slidt. Læderet ved false revnet, ryggen slidt, mgl. læder v. kapitæler, bindesnorene synlige. Tome V m. kobberst. titelvignet. Originaludgave.

Small 4to. All original wrappers. No 86 of 320 "sur vélin pur fil Lafuma-Navarre", a total of 342. With 21 etchings and 11 original lithographies in colour. (Tableau contemporaines - No 6).

Kiöbenhavn, Frederik Brummers Forlag, 1807-09. 8vo. To særdeles nydelige ensartede hellæderbind med stregforgyldning of forgyldt titel på rygge. Blår helsnit. Enkelte blade lidt brunplettede, men særdeles pæn og velbevaret. På skrivepapir. Med Jakob Jakobsens ex-libris på indersiden af forpermerne. Kobberstukket portræt af Callisen, efter Hornemans tegning, i bind 1. Kobberstukne titelblade. XX, 650; XXXII, 691 pp. Et usædvanligt nydeligt og velbevaret eksemplar af originaludgaven af denne klassiker, vor vigtigste kilde til kendskabet om Københavns sundhedstilstand, dens indretninger, renovation medicinalvæsen etc. i det 18. århundrede. Bibl. Danica I:762

Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1950. 8vo. Orig. full green cloth w. gilt lettering to spine, orig. blue dust-jacket w. some soiling. Very minor nick to upper capital at back hinge, otherwise intact w. no loss and not price-clipped. Cloth-bdg. w. minor wear to capitals. Internally very nice and clean. Pp. xii + xiie, pp. XI + XIe, (2), 119 + 119e pp. First U.K. edition, being the first English language, edition of this philosophical classic, Frege's later so influential first book, which is considered the best introduction to his thought. The work was originally published in German in 1894 (the text of which is also printed here), but the English translation has probably been more influential. Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (1848 - 1925) was a German mathematician, but his main contributions lie in his becoming a logician and a philosopher, who influenced the fields of logic and analytic philosophy immensely. Together with Wittgenstein, Russel and Moore, Frege is considered the founder of analytic philosophy, and a main founder of modern mathematical logic. In the preface of the "Principia Mathematica" Russell and Whitehead state that "In all questions of logical analysis our chief debt is to Frege" (p. VIII). His influence on 20th century philosophy has been deeply profound, especially in the English speaking countries from the middle of the 20th century and onwards; in this period most of his works were translated into English for the first time.The philosophical papers of Frege were published in Germany in scholarly journals, which were barely read outside of German speaking countries. The first collections of his writings did not appear until after the Second World War, and Frege was little known as a philosopher during his lifetime. He greatly influenced the likes of Russel, wittgenstein and Carnap, though, and bears a great responsibility for the turn modern philosophical thought has taken. Due to his contributions to the philosophy of language, analytic philosophy could be founded as it were. Instead of answering the question about meaning, Frege here sets out to explore the foundations of arithmetic, beginning with questions such as "What is a number?" In his solutions the answer to the question of meaning could also be found, though, and he permitted himself "the hope that even the philosophers, if they examine what I have written without prejudice, will find in it something of use to them." (p. XIi - Introduction).The book has belonged to James K. Feibleman, the author of "A Myth is a Religion in which no one any longer believes" in "Understanding Philosophy", 1973, and bears a dedication from him "For Florence".German-English parallel-text.

4to. Cont. marbled boards, somewhat worn. Engraved title with text on verso. 2 engraved allegorical titles with portrait of Drexel with the years 1638 and 1645. Having 50 (of 54) allegorical and symbolical engravings, numbered 1-54 (nos. 17,29,32 a. 41 lacks). Interfoliert. Some traces of use. A few tears repaired. At the title: FL = Johan F. Lindencrone.

Leipzig, Weidmanns Erben und Reich, 1785. Bound in a fine and well-preserved contemp. hcalf. Raised bands, richly gilt compartments, titlelabel with gilt lettering. A paperlabel pasted on lower compartment. A stamp on titlepage and verso. (18),344,(10) pp., 1 folded table and 4 large folded engraved plates showing many types of experimental equipments. On frontcover the crowned coat-of-arms of the Danish king Christian VII, in red and gold. This is Cavallo's main work (transl. from "Complete treatise of Electricity in theory and practice with original experiments. London, 1777), and its descriptions of a huge number of electrical phenomena and experiments, are for most parts, original works on electricity."...Tiberius Cavallo was a neopolitan settled in London where Volta met him in the spring of 1782. Cavallo had come to the metropolis in 1771 to study commerce, and remained to become the leading English electrician of the 1780s and a profilic writer of authoritative textbooks on natural philosophy, particularly electricity." (Heilbron, Electricity in the 17th & 18th Venturies)."Cavallo's first studies (1775-1776) concerned atmospheric electricity, which he explored with Franklin kites and with improved detectors of his qwn invention, fashioned after Canton's pith-ball electroscope. Althoug little came of his investigations...they required a course of self-instruction that culminated in Cavallo's most importent work, A complete treatise...(1777). (Heilbron in DSB). - Not in Wheeler Gift cat.

Venice, Gabriel Giolito de' Ferrari, 1559. Folio. Uncut in later (?) blank limp boards. A tear to middleof spine. Upper margins with brownspots, decreasing towards end. Large printer's woodcut-device at titlepage, 6 woodcut vignettes, 6 large woodcut initials. (12),563 pp. Wide-margined and printed on good paper. Apart from browning to upper margins, a clean copy. There were printed 2 editions the same year, one in Venice (the item offered) and one in Pesaro.Cavalcanti (1503-62) was a Florentine scholar-diplomat who served the Republic (1527-30), went into exile (1537), and spent his remaining years working for the Este and Farnese families. He died in poverty in Padua . His works reflect his interest in politics and scholarship: an oration to the Florentine militia (1530), political memoranda, diplomatic letters, translations from Polybius, essays on classical political thought (1571), and an amazingly successful Retorica (ten editions from 1559 to1585). The last, a comprehensive compendium of classical rhetoric written in Italian with Italian examples, maintains that the function of rhetoric is civic and practical rather than literary.Adams C 1175 (but with the wrong year).