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Augsburg, Wolff und J.M. Probst, 1755. Folio. Cont. hvellum, marbled boards. Top of spine with small tears. Corners lightly bumped. Fine engraved frontispiece (Probst excudit). (10),97,(5) - 55 pp. (Zugabe, with its own titlepage dated 1744) and 39 foldede engraved plates and 2 engraved vignettes. Printed on good paper, fine and clean. Occasionally light browning to margins of plates. Frontisp. a. titlepage loosening. Inner cords weakening.

Uopskåret i nyere papbd med rygtitel. XII,372,(3) pp. samt 3 kobberstukne plancher og 8 foldede tabeller. Originaludgaven. Af største sjældenhed. Det Kgl. Biblioteks eksemplar er ikke komplet idet de 3 kobberstik mangler. Bibl. Dan. II,711.

Leipzig, Crusius, 1798 & 1799. 8vo. Uniformly bound in two contemporary half calf bindings. Light wear to extremities, spine slightly soiled. Internally very fine and clean. XVI, 686 pp. + 7 folded plates; VIII, 774 pp. + 16 folded plates. Rare first German translation of Adam’s ‘Lectures on natural and experimental philosophy’ arguably his most important and influential work covering a wide range of topics, including mechanics, optics, electricity, magnetism, and astronomy. George Adams was a prominent figure in the field of mathematical and scientific instrument making serving as the principal instrument maker during the mid-eighteenth century.. In 1756, he was appointed as the instrument maker to the Prince of Wales who would later become George III. He continued to hold this position when George ascended to the throne in 1760.

Paris, Victor Masson et Fils, 1861. Without wrappers. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique", 3e Series - Tome 62, Cahier Juin 1861. Titlepage to vol. 62. Pp. 129-256. (The entire issue offered). Kirchhoff's paper: pp. 160-192. Small stamps to verso oftitlepage. First French edition of a milestone paper by "The Grandfather of Quantum Theory" in which he formulates the law named after him, "KIRCHHOFF'S LAW", which was the "key to the whole thermodynamics of radiation. In the hands of Planck, Kirchhoff's successor to the Berlin chair, it proved to be the key to the new world of the quanta, well beyond Kirchhoff's conceptual horizon."(DSB, VII, p.382)."Kirchhoff's Law of Thermal Emission was formulated in 1859 (Über das Verhältnis....) - the paper offered here in the first French version. It is at the same time the simplest and least understood law in physics. Kirchhoff's law states that given thermal equilibrium with an enclosure, the radiation inside will be always black, or normal, in a manner which is independent of the nature of the walls, or the objects they contain. This is known as the concept of universality. That is, that radiation within an enclosure can always be described by a universal function dependent only ontemperature and frequency. This universal function was first given us by Max Planck, in 1900. Kirchhoff's law STANDS AT THE HEARTH OF ALL MODERN ASTROPHYSICS. It is the basis for setting the temperature of the stars, for the gaseous model of the Sun, and for believing that we now know the temperature of the entire universe."(Pierre-Marie Robitaille)..The research background for the paper was his unexpected observation that if the intensity of the solar spectrum increased above a certain limit, the dark D lines were made much darker by the interposition of the sodium flame. he instantly felt, that he had got hold of "something fundamental". Another notable, and importent paper in the development of photography, is in the same issue ALPHONSE POITEVIN "De l'Action chimique de la Lumiere sur les Substances organiques. Son emploi à l'impression photographique."Pp. 192-210.

London, Ralph Smith, 1670. 8vo. In contemporary full calf with double ruled fillet to boards. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Wear and soiling to boards, spine-ends chipped. Internally with occassional browning, but generally nice and clean. (16), 477, (3) pp. The uncommon first edition of Annand’s commentary and analysis of the Lord's Prayer William Annand (1633-1689), was the son of a royalist minister. His father, after reading a controversial service-book in Glasgow in 1637, had to flee Scotland. Following his father’s royalist leanings, Annand studied at University College, Oxford from 1651 and attended clandestine Episcopal sermons. Ordained in 1656 by Bishop Thomas Fulwar in Ireland, Annand became a preacher in Oxfordshire and Bedfordshire, especially noted for his impactful sermons. “Having lived to see episcopacy restored in Scotland, he died just when it was being abolished, on 13 June 1689, the very day that Edinburgh Castle was surrendered to the convention of Scottish estates by the Duke of Gordon, who had held it for James II. On his deathbed Annand said that ‘he never thought to have outlived the church of Scotland, yet hoped others should live to see it restored” (DNB).All of William Annand's publications are rare.

Mannheim, Schwan und Goetz, 1835. 4to. Contemporary halfcalf with marbled paper over boards. Half-title page supplied in facsimile. Library stamp and library-markings in old hand to title-page. XII (lacking the half-title, being pp. (I-II)) , 143, (8, -tables + errata) pp + 18 folded plates, two of which are hand-coloured. Spine and corners with wear. Internally some lighter brownspotting. First edition of Schwerd's seminal paper on the diffraction from the fundamental laws of wave theory.F. M. Schwerd, a pioneer of the early Fraunhofer diffraction, studied the intensity diffraction pattern of a circular aperture, also known as Airy disc.Schwerd's theory presented in the present paper was highly influential. Max Von Laue, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals, wrote in his autobiography: "Only shortly before this, when writing an article for Enzyklopaedie der mathematischen Wissenschaften, I had given the old theory of diffraction by an optical grating, which went back to Schwerd (1835), a new formulation in order that by applying the equation of the theory twice over, the theory of diffraction by a cross-grating could be obtained. I had only to write out this equation three times, corresponding to the three periodicities of a space lattice, so as to obtain the interpretation of the new discovery". (Max von Laue).Even though Schwerd published many articles and teaching books for high school, non can be measured in importance with the present work. Since Fresnel had reduced the interference of transverse vibrations in the first quarter of the 19. century, nothing of importance was published until Schwerd theoretically described the colour phenomenon when light is being deflected by obstacles from their straight path and brought to mutual interference. "Schwerd, though not well known to modern students, has had a great influence on optics through his monumental book on diffraction ... Die Beugungserscheinungen which he wrote in two years' spare time, is the classic comprehensive treatise on Fraunhofer diffraction ... Fraunhofer gave the laws which follow from his experiments but neither he nor J. F. W. Herschel developed the theory. This was done first by Schwerd and was viewed as a great triumph for wave theory over the emission theory of light. (Hoover, Richard B. and Franklin S. Harris, Jr.. Die Beugungserscheinungen: a Tribute to F. M. Schwerd's Monumental Work on Fraunhofer Diffraction, Applied Optics, Vol. 8, Issue 11, pp. 2161-2164 (1969)).Honeyman: No. 2830, 2831 - Poggendorff, II, p. 878.

Nürnberg, Joh. Ziegeri, 1711 et 1702. 4to. Bound in one contemp. hvellum. Handwritten titles on spine, light wear. Some loss of the marbled paper on covers. Title in red/black. (14),856,(46) pp. and 71 engraved textillustrations. Probably a frontispiece lacks. Second work: Engraved portrait. Engraved frontispiece. Titlepage in red/black. (12),398,(16) pp. a 1 leaf Errata. Many textengravings. Both works are extensive expositions of cartesian philosophy, physics, astronomy, physiology, zoology etc. etc.

London, William Heinemann, 1909. Small 4to. 2 orig. blue pictorial full cloth, uncut, topedge gilt. Spines faded. Hinges on volume one strenghtened. spine ends a bit frayed. A few small closed tears to cloth. Stamp on title-page. XLVIII,372,XV,419 pp., 2 frontisp., 258 plates, textdiagrams, large panoramic illustration, 3 maps (in pocket at end). Internally clean and fine. First edition.

Kiøbenhavn, Gyldendal, 1786-1804. Indbundet i 20 samtidige hldrbd. Rygforgyldning. Titel-og tomefelter forgyldte. Rygge med lettere brugsspor. 2 kapitæler lettere beskadiget. Originaltrykket. Må betegnes som det mest (og største) dansksprogede forsøg på grundlæggelse af en naturlig teologi

(Tübingen), Neske, (1959). 8vo. Original printed wrappers. 24 pp. First edition, presentation-copy "Für/ Dr. Helmut Franz/ mit freundlichem Gruss/ Martin Heidegger".The present work is a speach that Heidegger gave in his home-town Messkirch, in 1955 on the occassion of the 175th birthday of the composer Conradin Kreutzer.For Heidegger, "Gelassenheit" is a way of being in the world which is uniquely different from previous ways - a way which is necessary for modern man.Helmut Franz was an evangelical theologian who considered himself quite a bit with Heidegger's philosophy. In 1958 the two were at a philosophy conference together, and in 1959 Heidegger presented him with his "Gelassenheit". In 1967 Helmut Franz wrote "Das Denken Heideggers und die Theologie".

London, William Heinesen, (1915). Royal8vo. 2 original blue pictorial full cloth. Gilt spines and gilt lettering to covers. Upper covers with illustration in silver-print. Very light wear to spineends. A stamp on title-pages. 2 frontispieces in heliogravure. XXX,349;XIII,338,(2) pp. Profusely illustrated with plates, maps and textillustrations, 3 folded maps in pocket at end. Clean and fine. First edition.

Halle, Wäysen-Hauses, 1732. 4to. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands and richly gilt spine. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Light wear to extremities and scractches to boards. A nice and clean copy. (28), 999, (1) pp. + folded frontispiece. The exceedingly rare first edition of Anton’s lectures edited by Schwenzel. Paul Anton (1661-1730), a Lutheran theologian, played a significant role in the Pietistic movement. He studied in Leipzig and later became a tutor there, aiding in the establishment of Francke's Collegia biblica. Anton traveled through southern Europe from 1687 to 1689. In 1695 he became a professor at the newly established University of Halle. Anton, along with Breithaupt and Francke, contributed to the development of Pietism in Halle, making the university a prominent center for Protestant theology in Germany. Anton's lectures, compiled here, gained widespread popularity. He stressed the importance of introspection in understanding true belief and highlighted sincerity and duty as essential virtues.

Kjøbenhavn 1836-1847. Indbundet i 8 samtidige halvlæderbind, rygge med brugsspor, indvendigt lidt brunplettede. Med 16 foldede kort.

Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1712. 4to. In: "Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCCXII". The entire volume offered in contemporary full vellum. Hand written title on spine. A yellow label pasted on to top of spine. A small stamp to title-page and free front end-paper. Library label to pasted down front free end-paper. As usual with various browning to leaves and plates. Pp. 167-69. [Entire volume: (2), 555, (35) pp. + five engraved plates.]. First printing of one of Leibniz's latest publications in which he proposed an interpretation of infinitesimals by a comparison of bodies of different extensions. The paper is a response to to a problem raised by French philosopher and mathematician Antoine Arnauld, who wrote an important philosophical work known as "The Logic of Port-Royal" from 1662 and "Geometry", 1667. In the book he includes an example of symbolic rules that he considers to be against our basic intuitions on magnitudes and proportions. His reasoning goes as follows "Suppose we have two numbers, a larger and a smaller one. The proportion of the larger to the smaller one should evidently be larger than the proportion of the smaller to the larger one. But if we use 1 as the larger number and - 1 as the smaller one this would lead to (1/-1) > (-1/1) which is against the rules of algebra". (Heeffer, The Methodological Relevance of the History of Mathematics for Mathematics Education, 1992).Leibniz saw this as a genuine mathematical problem but argued that the division should be performed as a symbolic calculation. "Following Leibniz, the infinite appeared in two forms as the (i) Contiuous infinite and (ii) the discrete infinite. The status of the differentials is closely related to the status of the infinite. [...] As a consequence, there is no clear and consistence distinction between continua of different kind related to (i) geometry and to (ii) mechanics. [...] Leinbiz did neither consequently argue mathematically or arithmetically nor consequently geometrically, phenomenologically and mechanically. [But] The correlation between mathematics and physics is as impressive as possible. (Suisky, Euler as physicist, 2009, p. 89-90).The volume also contains:Bernoulli, Johann. Angulorum arcuumque sectio indefinita per formulam universalem expressa. Pp. 274-277; 329-30.And many other papers by influential contemporary mathematicians, philosophers and historians.

Kbh., 1855. Indb. i et samt. hldrbd. m. enkel rygforgyldn. Restaureret m. ny skindryg under den samt., som mgl. ca. 1/6 for oven. Her og der brunplettet. 20, 31, 16, 23, 32, 26, 77, 30, 22 pp.Bound in one contemporary half calf w. simple gilding to spine. Rebacked, preserving the cont. spine, which lacks ab. 1/6 at the top. 20, 31, 16, 23, 32, 26, 77, 30, 22 pp. Originaludgaven m. alle 9 numre i 1. oplag, hvilket er sjældent. Himmelstrup 180.The first edition with all nine numbers in firsr issue, which is very rare. Himmelstrup 180.

Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm, 1970-77. 4to. Bound in 9 orig. full cloth with dustjackets. With plates and textillustrations.

Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1713. 4to. Contemporary full vellum. Faint handwritten title on spine. Two small stamps to title page and pasted library label to pasted down front free end-paper. In: "Actrum Eruditorum, Supplementa. Tomus V". As usual with various browning to leaves and plates. Pp 264-70 + 1 engraved plate. [Entire volume: (2), 541,(27) pp. + 4 engraved plates]. First printing of Leibniz exceedingly important letter to Christian Wolff in which he introduced the "probabilistic argument", that influenced Johann and Daniel Bernoulli. Leibniz corresponded with several other mathematicians about divergent series, the present letter being the most important and having the longest lasting impact. Leibniz had been asked if he thought whether or not a sum existed for Grandi series. "He reasoned that the sum of n terms of this series would either be 1 or 0 depending on whether n is odd or even, so that the values 0 and 1 occur with equal frequency; therefore, according to the laws of probability, the most probable sum should be the arithmetic mean ½." (Tucciarone. The Development of the Theory of Summable Divergent Series. P. 1). The letter was rediscovered in 1880 by German mathematician Georg Frobenius in his paper "Ueber die Leibnitzsche Reihe" (On Leibniz's series). Frobenius' short paper, begins by quoting from Leibniz's treatment of 1 - 1 + 1 - 1 + ... He states that Leibniz was actually stating a generalization of Abel's Theorem. The result, now known as Frobenius' theorem, and the paper is today regarded as being the first article in the modern history of divergent series.

Ldn., 1826. 8vo. Six very beautiful uniform cont. grey full calf. Backs richly decorated with blind-stamped ornaments, 5 raised bands and brown leather title-labels on backs. Boards with triple gilt line-framings inside which richly decorated blind-stanped framings. All edges of boards and all edges gilt. Internally clean. Portrait in vol.1.

Berlin, Reuther & Reichard, 1922. 8vo. Original grey printed wrappers w. very minor loss to capitals. Printing on spine nearly fully intact. Internally near mint. A very good, nice and clean copy of a publication, which in itself is quite fragile. 87 pp. First edition of Carnap's first publication, his doctoral dissertation. Printed in Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte, Nr. 56. Issued by H. Vaihinger, M. Frischeisen-Kähler and A Liebert. Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics. By 1913 he planned to write his dissertation on thermionic emission, but this was interrupted by World War I, where he served at the front until 1917. Afterwards he studied the theory of relativity under Einstein in Berlin, and he developed the theory for a new dissertation, namely on an axiomatic system for the physical theory of space and time. He thus ended up writing the important dissertation under the direction of Bouch on the theory of space (Raum) from a philosophical point of view. The dissertation was submitted in 1921, and, due to the clear influence from Kantian philosophy, it was published the following year in this supplement to the "Kant-Studien". After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.As the title indicates, "Der Raum" deals with the philosophy of space. Partly influenced by Husserl, under whom he studied at Freiburg, Carnap poses the question weather our knowledge of space is analytic, synthetic a priori or empirical. His answer is that it depends on what is meant by "space", and thus differentiates between three kinds of theories of space: Formal (which is analytic [a priori]), intuitive (which is synthetic a priori), and physical (which is empirical [or synthetic aposteriori]). He compares this division of space with that of geometry into: projective, metric and topological. This, of course, anticipates much of his later philosophy, and some of his theories developed in this paper became the official position of logical empiricism on the philosophy of space. In this work he also develops a formal system for space-time topology, which became quite influential.

K., 1760. 4to. Samt.helldrbd. m.rig rygforgyldn. Ryg med lettere brugsspor. (32), 512 pp. samt 14 kobberstukne plancher (prospekter m.v.). Eksemplar på skrivepapir.

(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1803). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1803 - Part I. Pp.29-42 and 1 engraved plate and Appendix: pp. 274-276. With titlepage to the volume Part I. A paperflaw in margin of the first leaf, neathly repaired, no loss. The plate with a few small brownspots. Verso of titlepage with a small stamp, otherwise clean and fine, wide-margined. First appearance of this highly importent paper in which Henry announced his discovery of the law, which later was termed "Henry's Law". The law states that when a gas is absorbed in a liquid the weight of the gas dissolved is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the liquid. This discovery contributed directly to the atomic theory of Dalton.(Parkinson: Breakthroughs: 1803 C) "Dalton's own experiments on the solution of gases and the stimulus afforded by Henry's work have been seen as crucial in the development of the atomic theory."(DSB VI p. 285).A paper by Humphrey Davy: "An Accont of some Experiemnts and Observations on the constituent Parts of certain astringent Vegetables; and on their Operating in Tanning. Read February 24, 1803", comes with. In the same volume Pp. 233-273.

Karlsruhe, Kunstverlag, 1860. Lex8vo. Orig. printed boards, uncut. A few scratches on covers and corners, backstrip with wear. Having the title-p.: "Die Ausser-Europäische Welt...2.Bd." and the separate title "Japan". (4),III,355 pp. and 40 pp. (Das Neueste aus der Länder=und Völkerkunde) and 25 plates mostlyof Japanese views (1 engr. frontisp., 6 tinted lithographed plates, 18 steelengraved views and 1 folded lithographed map, all). Light scattered brownspots and stains. First edition of one of the earliest Western descriptions of Japan after the reopening of the country in 1854 to foreigners.

Hamburg, Friedrich Perthes, 1798. 8vo. Cont. marbled cardboardbdg. w. title-label to spine, gilding almost worn off. Some traces of wear to extremities. Internally nice and clean w. only minor and faint waterstaining to margin of some leaves. XIV, 327, (1, -errata) pp. First edition of Schelling's influential "On the Soul of the World", which was the work that made Schelling famous in the university city of Jena. The work was widely noticed and highly regarded.In his early works (1795-1800), Schelling sets out to give a new account of nature. At the basis of his philosophy of nature is the status that Kant had given nature, but Schelling tries to avoid some of the consequences that come with it. He is also largely inspired by Fichte's transcendental philosophy, and in the last five years of the 19th century, Schelling is thus occupied with the relationship of the subject to the object world, -a theme that comes to found the basis for his so famous philosophy of nature. At first Fichte and Schelling stood on good terms, but as their different conceptions of nature became evident, the divergences between them became too great. As Fichte regarded nature as Not-Self, this could not be a valid subject of philosophy, and he refused to understand Schelling's philosophy of nature as complementary to his own transcendental philosophy. Schelling's philosophy of nature presents us with a modern hermeneutic view of nature, allowing nature to be of significance beyond what can be scientifically established about it. Schelling was a tutor of two boys from an aristocratic family. With them he went to Leipzic and had a chance to attend lectures at the university there. He here occupied himself with physical studies, also chemistry and biology. After having taught these two aristocrats for a couple of years, he was called to Jena as an extraordinary professor of philosophy at the mere age of 23. He stayed in Jena for five years (1798-1803), where he found himself at the centre of the German Romanticism. Goethe, for instance, highly regarded his philosophy of nature, which he got acquainted with through his "Von der Weltseele", which presents us with the fruits of his studies of physical sciences.Along with J.G. Fichte and Hegel, Schelling ranks as the most influential thinker of German Idealism. He stands in the centre of this most important and influential of philosophical traditions, and with his philosophy of nature, his anti-Cartesian view of subjectivity and his later critique of Hegelian Idealism, Schelling continues to be of the utmost importance to the development of continental philosophy to this day.

K., 1894. Samt. hldrbd. m. rig rygforgyldn. Ryg falmet, hjørner lidt stødte, ene indre fals lidt svag. Indvendig ren og frisk. Originaludgave.

Paris,R. Chapelot et Cie, 1903-05. 8vo. Bound in 6 modest (but solid) contemp. hcloth. The orig. printed frontwrappers pasted on all 6 frontboards. Around 3100 pp. and 32 large folded maps. The maps to vol. 1 bound at end of the volume, the maps to vol. 2-3 in 2 clothboxes, 8vo-size). First printing of the importent Metz-part of the series.