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Amsterdam omkr. 1664. 42,5x53. Tæt skåret indtil pladenranden, men intet tab. Kobberstukket og i samtidig håndkolorering. Kartouche med skovarbejdere, kompasrose, skibe i søen.orienteret med øst øverst. Udmærket eksemplar af et af de tidligste folio-kort over Norge.

Leipzig, C.F. Eyssel, 1732. 4to. Cont. full vellum. (12),1440,(21),(2) pp. Some brownspots and some yellowing to leaves, otherwise good. Stahl tried to explain vital phenomena by mystical means. He was head of the so-calles Animistic School which explained disease as caused by misdirected activities on the part of the soul. He was an outstanding physician and greatly influenced German medicine. As a chemist he elaborated and maintained the theory of phlogiston.

Altenburg, Richterischen Buchhandlung, 1755. 4to. Contemp. boards. Handwritten titlelabel on spine. Engraved titlevignette. (20),531,(5) pp. and 22 folded engraved plates. A few scattered brownspots, but in general clean. Scarce first German edition of this hugely influential textbook in optics."Smith wrote on optics and harmonics. In 1738 he published A Compleat System of Optics in Four Books, viz. A Popular, at Mathematical, a Mechanical, and a Philosophical Treatise. Both comprehensive and reliable, the work became probably the most influential optical textbook of the eighteenth century. It was also published in Dutch in 1753, in German in 1755, and in two different French translations in 1767, In 1778 an abridged version was published in English. In turn, its popularity helped to establish the eighteenth-century conviction that light is particulate." (DSB).

Stockholm, A.D. Holmerus, 1777. 4to. Samtidigt hldrbd. med rygforgyldning og skindtitel på ryg. Kobberstukket titelblad (med en formindsket kopi af Stockholmsmotivet fra Chapmans Architectura Navalis). (8),168 pp. + Tabeller (ca. 150 pp. - sign. A - Y2), (6) pp. Trykt på kraftigt papir. Indvendig med brugsspor, lidt spredte brunpletter, fortrinsvis på foden af Tabellerne. 57, mest geometriske, tekstillustrationer. Originaltrykket af Chierlins ganske sjældne lærebog i navigation. "Löjtnant Lars Anders Chierlin utnämndes till föreståndare för Navigations Skolan i Stockholm 1768 som efterträdare till Carl Friedrich Hauswolff. Chierlins Sjömäns dagelige assistent ersatte Hauswolffs Theorien af navigation, eller Styrmans-Konsten (1756) i undervisningen vid skolan."

[Copenhagen, 1987]. Queer 4to. Original dark grey wrappers. Very slight sunning to spine and a tiny nick to upper part of front wrapper. An 1988-inscription to front free end-paper. A very small oval stamp and two small spots to title-page, otherwise internally near mint. 53, (4, -index) pp., containing 128 full-page b/w photographs. The uncommon first edition of Krass Clement's fourth book, being one of the most sought-after of his works. The renowned Danish photographer Krass Clement (born in Copehagen 1946) counts as one of the most esteemed Danish photographers, and his "Byen bag Regnen" as one of the most popular Danish photography-books ever printed. Clement's interest in photography developed already in his childhood, and he began photographing as early as the late 50'ies. He was educated as a film-director but soon turned professionally to still photography. His first book, Skygger af øjeblikke (Shadows of the Moment), appeared in 1978, followed by Det tavse land (The Silent Land) from 1981 and Gentagelsens fest (The Party of Repetition) from 1984, before his great work on Copenhagen, "The City Behind the Rain", appeared in 1887, presenting his magnificent melancholic, but also humorous and inspiring photographs from the 1960'ies and 80'ies of different aspects of Copenhagen and Copenhageners.His work, often presented in book-form, his favourite medium, is considered highly inspiring and poetical, in spite of their melancholic character, which makes them oddly compelling. His social-realist portrayal of Copenhagen in the 60'ies and 80'ies is very different from other contemporary works, and his critical but still sympathetic approach, with a sharp eye for the humorous, makes it both lively and of great artistic value. Clement is the first artist photographer to receive a lifelong disbursement from The State Art Foundation, and his works are displayed at both MOMA and the National Library in Paris.

Kjöbenhavn, Bianco Luno, 1842 a. 1845. 4to. Bound in one contemp. halfcalf, spine gilt. A small tear to backhinge at lower compartment of spine. IV,76 pp. and 3 double-page, folded lithographed plates with many figs. + XIV,88 pp. and 2 double-apge lithographed plates with many figs. Light browning to the last leaves of the second work. The scarce first edition of the work in which Steenstrup describes his discovery of the principle of 'ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS'', sexual and asexual in plants and animals. "(Steenstrup) showed that certain animals produce offspring which never resemble them but which, on the other hand, bring forth progeny which return in form and nature to their grandparents or more distant ancestors." (Garrison & Morton No 217). A German translation was published the same year, and an English in 1845. Norman 2009 (German translation). "The second major publication - (the first dealing with geology) - of 1842 was "Om Forplantning og Udvikling gjennem vexlende Generationsrækker...", (the work offered), Steenstrup's comprehensive presentation of the form of reproduction that he called 'alternation of generations', that is, the alternation of asexual and sexual reproduction, or metagenesis. This phenomenon had previously been described by Chamisso, but Steenstrup included a greater number of observations, based on a significantly wider range of subjects, and provided an importent chapter on its meaning. Steenstrup's growing reputation, won him an appointment as professor of zoology at the University of Copenhagen, where he tought from 1846 until 1885."(DSB XII, p. 9).

Fagerstrand pr. Høvig, Bibliothek for de tusen hjem, (1889). 8vo. 3 volumes all in publisher's original embossed cloth-bindings with gilt lettering to spines and front boards. Very light wear to extremities, corners bumped, an overall excellent set. 445, (1) pp.; 456 pp.; 488 pp. + 3 Frontispieces. The rare first Norwegian translation of Darwin's "The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter" - being the first translation of any of Darwin's works into Norwegian ("Origin" was translated into Norwegian in 1890).A complete Danish translation of the work has never been published and the first Swedish translation did not appear until 1959. Due to the similarities between Danish, Swedish and Norwegian, this edition in effect introduced Darwin's letters and autobiography to Scandinavia.Martin Simon Søraas is listed as translator on all three title-pages whereas Freeman lists Peder Jacobsen Ulleland as having translated vol. 1. and Martin Simon Søraas as having translated vol. 2 and 3. Ulleland is listed in Freeman as having translated vol. 1 because he initiated a translation but only finished volume 1. Sørensen (the publisher) quickly discovered that Ulleland did not have the required skills as a translator and Sørensen fired him. Eventually Søraas was hired and translated all three volumes.Freeman 1528

(Ca. 1865). 8,7 x 5,5 cm. Monteret på sort pap m. guldrand (pappet måler 10,3 x 6,3 cm), for neden på forsiden trykt i guld: "Johs Jaeger/ Stockholm/ Fredsgatan 13." Det samme samt "Kongl. Hoffotograf" er trykt på bagsiden. Fotografiet forestiller en yngre Ibsen, end man normalt ser afbildet, i halv profil m. hovedet drejet til venstre, i hvid skjorte, slips og mørk velourjakke med satinkanter, uden briller. Original photograph of the famous Norwegian playwright, the author of "Hedda Gabler" (PMM 375: "Revolution in the Theatre"), "Pillars of Society, "A Doll's House" etc, etc. Original photographs of Ibsen are hard to come by and very sought after, especially ones from before 1870.

Amsterdam, Changuion, 1731 & 1732. 8vo. Uniformly bound in six very nice contemporary Cambridge-style mirror bindings with five raised bands and richly gilt spines. All edges marbled. Boards with a scratches, but with some loss of leather. Internally fine and clean, a nice set. (18), 450 pp. + frontispiece; (34), 508 pp.; (60), 277 pp. + frontispiece; (8), 390 pp.; (18), 376 pp. + frontispiece. (12), 408 pp. A very nice set of a later edition of La Placette’s essays on moral philosophy and ethics. Jean La Placette (1639-1718) was a French Huguenot pastor famous for his eloquence and theological scholarship. Born in Pontac, Béarn, he was ordained in 1660 and served as a pastor in Nay until the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 forced him into exile. He initially went to Brandenburg but was invited by Queen Charlotte Amalie of Denmark to lead the Reformed congregation in Copenhagen, where many French Huguenot refugees had settled. He became the first pastor of their new church in 1689 and was a respected advisor to the Queen. La Placette retired in 1710 due to age and health issues but continued to serve as chaplain to the Dowager Queen. He moved to Holland in his later years and died in Utrecht in 1718.

New York, Macmillian and Co, 1938. Royal8vo. In publisher's pictorial cloth with the original wrappers [in the back]. Gilt lettering and Nature's logo to spine and front board. Entire issue of "Nature", January - June, 1938, Vol. 141. "Emmanuel College" in gilt lettering to spine and two library stamps to title-page and first index page. Two small white paper labels pasted on to spine and a small tear to top of spine. Very slight wear to extremities, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Rare in the publisher's binding. P. 74; P. 75. [Entire volume: LXIV, 1156 + VIII, IV, VIII, VIII, XVI, VIII, VIII, XVI, VIII, XII, VIII, XII, XII, IV, IV, VIII, XII, VIII, VIII, VIII, VIII, XII, VIII, IV, XVI, CCLX (Advertisements). First publication of these two seminal papers which constitutes one of the most significant discovery in 20th century physics. It ushered a golden period of low-temperature physics and created a new research field within physics which was later to be called quantum liquids. Both paper described a hitherto unknown state of matter: superfluidity of matter. The two discoveries were made independently, Kapitza's paper superseding Allen and Misener's by two weeks. Both studies reported that liquid helium flowed with almost no measurable viscosity below the transition temperature of 2.18 K."Although the discovery of superfluidity stands as one of the most significant in physics in the 20th century, it was to be 40 years before the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences honoured this seminal discovery with a Nobel prize - an exceptionally long interval. In 1978 Kapitza, by then 84, was given half of that year's Nobel Prize for Physics with a somewhat vague citation reading "for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics". The other half did not go to Allen and Misener. Today, science popularizers generally give sole credit for the discovery of superfluidity to Kapitza." (Physics world, University of Toronto.). "Kapitza observed that He II flowed between two closely spaced parallel plates extremely rapidly compared to He I, for the same pressure difference. This result, published in Nature on 8 January 1938, showed unambiguously that here was a new and mysterious kind of liquid - one with almost no viscosity. On the page facing Kapitza's one-page paper was another by the young Canadian physicists Jack Allen and Donald Misener, with essentially equivalent results on helium flow on long capillary tubes. It was submitted two weeks after Kapitza's, but both papers are the standard reference for the discovery of superfluidity". (Griffin, A Century of Nature, 2003, p. 52).While investigating the thermal conductivity of liquid helium, Kapitsa measured the flow as the fluid flows through a gap between two discs into a surrounding bath. Above the lambda point, there was little flow, but below the lambda temperature, the liquid flowed with such great ease that Kapitsa drew an analogy with superconductors. It was a liquid of zero viscosity. He discovered the phenomenon in 1937 and published a paper about it in Nature in January 1938. He wrote: "The helium below the lambda point enters a special state that might be called a ‘superfluid.’" (DSB).Today the theory behind superfluidity is widely used within a broad variety of different subject such as spectroscopic and in high-precision devices as gyroscopes which allow the measurement of some theoretically predicted gravitational effects. In 1999, a type of superfluid was used to trap light and greatly reduce its speed. Light was passed through a Bose-Einstein condensed gas of sodium (superfluid) and found to be slowed to 17 m/s from its normal speed of 299,792,458 metres per second.Brandt, The Harvest of a Century, Pp. 254-7.

London, Macmillian and Co, 1939. Royal8vo. In contemporary half cloth with white paper title-label pasted on to spine. Entire issue of "Nature", January - June, 1939, Vol. 143. Stamp to front free end-paper and title-page, otherwise fine and clean copy. [Meitner & Frisch:] Pp. 239-40; Pp. 471-2. [H. Von Halban & F. Joliot & L. Kowarski:] Pp. 470-1. [Frisch:] P. 276. [Entire volume: LIV, 1080 pp.]. First printing of these seminal papers in which nuclear fission is first described. "In the famous paper by Meitner and Frisch [Disintegration of Uranium by neutrons], accordingly, the term nuclear fission is introduced." ( Brandt, The Harvest of a Century). "Experiments conducted in 1938 at Berlin by Hahn and Strassman were reported to Lise Meitner, an Austrian scientist who had fled to Copenhagen to escape religious persecution. She and her nephew, O.R. Frisch, working in Niels Bohr's laboratory, found the true explanation of this phenomenon. The interpolation of a neutron into the the nucleus of a uranium atom caused it to divide into two parts and to release energy amounting to about 200,000,000 electron volts. This process bore such a close similarity to the division of a living cell that Frisch suggested the use of the term 'fission' to describe it." (Printing and the Mind of Man 422b, 422c). In the third article in the collection, Halban, Joliot and Kowarski established the theoretical possibility of a self-perpetuating reaction chain" (PMM 422d).PMM 422b, c, d.

Kjøbenhavn, J. H. Schubothes Boghandel, 1887. 8vo. Indbundet i et nydeligt næsten samtidigt halvlæderbind med rygforgyldning i tidlig Skønvirke-stil. Ryg en smule falmet. Ubetydeligt slid ved kanter og hjøner. Halvtitlen lidt støvet, men ellers indvendig ren og pæn. Med Axel Bramsens navnetræk på for forsatsbladet og dedikation fra Bang på halvtitlen: "Axel. / Fremad og atter fremad. / Herman B". (8),396 pp. Nydeligt dedikationseksemplar af originaludgaven af et af Bangs hovedværker. Eksemplaret er dedikeret til redaktøren Axel Ludvig Bramsen (1877-1950), som bl.a. redigerede "Vort Land", til hvilket Bang leverede bidrag. Herring, 79.

Paris, Chez Pierre-Michel Huart, 1742. 8vo. Cont. dark brown calf boards, newer light brown calf back w. cont. dark brown gilt compartment-pieces and title-label, lower compartment recently gilt in cont. style. Woodcut title-vignette and all six folded engr. plates. Internally occational brownspotting. XXI, (3), 724, (16) pp, 6 folded engr. plates. First edition. Wellcome III:516.

Leipzig, Coerner, 1721 (+) Kiel, 1714 (+) Hamburg, 1716. 8vo. In a nice contemporary Cambridge-style mirror binding with four raised bands and richly gilt spine. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Scratch to back with loss of leather. Internally with light occassional brownspotting. (40), 302, (18), 96, (14), 216, (8) pp. The rare first edition of Rüdiger’s work in which he reflects on how individuals can achieve inner peace and contentment – being one of his most notable works and a fine example of his approach to practical ethics. Andreas Rüdiger (1673–1731) was a significant German philosopher, mathematician, and physicist of the early 18th century, associated with the rationalist tradition. Educated and later a professor at the University of Leipzig, Rüdiger was influenced by philosophers like Leibniz and Wolff. His work spanned philosophy, ethics, mathematics, and physics, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of Enlightenment thought.

Kiöbenhavn, Godiche, 1772. 4to. Smukt samtidigt spejlbind af brunt kalveskind med rig rygforgyldning og forgyldt titeletiket. Fem ophøjede bind på ryg (ifølge en note bagerst i bogen er bindet udført af Aug. Heinrich Helmuth). Lettere brunet indvendig, eller rent eksemplar. Med kobberstukket titelvignet, 16 kobberstukne plancher samt 11 kobbervignetter udført af J. J. Clemens efter tegninger af Joh. Wiedewelt – med undtagelse af portrættet af Dorothea, der er tegnet af P. Als. Indlagt i en nydelig foret kassette med forgyldt rygtiteletiket. (2), XXXX, (18), 425, (1) pp. Denne pragtudgave, et af 1700-tallets mest betydningsfulde bogkunstværker, blev udgivet af "et Selskab", bestående af Bolle Willum Luxdorph, Johs. Wiedewelt, And. Schumacher og J. S. Augustin. Det egentlige arbejde tilskrives dog primært Luxdorph og Suhms bibliotekar, klokkeren ved Helligaandskirken, Laur. Schow, der sandsynligvis også har forfattet fortalen. Ehrencron-Müller XI, 34; Johansen 4,5.

Wien, 1910. Entire volume present: 8vo. Uncut and unopened in the orig. printed wrappers. A bit of brwonspotting and soiling, but in all a very good and well preserved copy. Pp. 1215-1222. Entire volume: (2) pp., pp. 1057-1379, (3, -blank), 4 (table of contents, on different, very thin paper) pp. First edition of Schrödinger's dissertation, his first printed work, "On the Conduction of Electricity on the Surface of Insulators in Moist Air."In 1907, Schrödinger began attending lectures in theoretical physics at the University of Vienna. This was Schrödinger's third semester, but theoretical physics had been closed down at the university for two years after of Boltzmann's death. Haselörhl became the new professor and Schrödinger appreciated his lectures on theoretical physics so much that he attended them five days a week for eight semesters in a row. In 1910 Schrödinger received the doctorate under Haselöhrl for the present work.At the time when Schrödinger worked on the present treatise, electrical insulation in instruments for the measurement of radioactivity and ionization played an important role in experimental physics. Almost all of the work was done in the department of Franz Exner and the experiments were carried out in the small laboratory that he shared with Jakob Salpeter. The work is centered around a set of electrical measurements that are designed to show the effects of moist air on the conductivity of solid insulators such as amber, glass, sulfur, ebonite etc. The work is considered as showing Schrödinger's excellent experimental abilities, but he is criticized with lacking theoretical content. He also neglected to carry out a control experiment to prove his assumption that the effects of the moist air on the conductivity of the insulators was restricted to the surface, and he didn't mention the temperature at which his measurements were made. However, his practical work with these insulating solids did prove to be of great importance; they were the basis of his important survey of dielectricity that he completed in 1814. The work was presented at a meeting of the Vienna Academy of Sciences on June 30th, 1910, and this was the first time that Schrödinger delivered a report on his own research work to fellow scientists. The dissertation was published a few weeks later in the proceedings of the Academy, and this was Schrödinger's first publication.The Austrian physicist Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (1887 -1961) is widely renowned for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1933.

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1921 & 1922. 8vo. Entire volumes 7-9, 1921 and 1922, of "Zeitschrift für Physik" bound in three contemporary half cloth bindings over marbled boards, volumes 7 and 8 in uniform bindings, volume 9 slightly differing, with more gilding to spine. Tiny marginal dampstain to the first leaves of vol. 9, and large library-stamp to front free end-papers of volumes 7-8, otherwise, all three volumes fine, clean, and tight. All three title-pages with library-stamp. Pp. 249-53; 110-11; 349-55. [Entire volumes: VI, 414 pp; IV, 419 pp.; IV, 412 pp.]. First printing of Stern and Gerlach's seminal papers in which the first spatial quantization, atomic magnetic moments, was first presented. With these papers, the first clear proof for the spin of the electron appeared, profoundly influencing the world of physics. The discovery of the deflection of particles is often used to illustrate basic principles of quantum mechanics and demonstrates that electrons and atoms have inherent quantum properties.Spatial quantization had been introduced merely as a theoretical concept by Sommerfeld in 1916, but no one before Stern had ever empirically demonstrated its existence, and some physicists even considered it to be nothing more than a mathematical tool. In his 1921-paper Stern proposed an empirical test:"The idea for the experiment proposed by Stern was simple enough. A beam of silver atoms is produced by letting silver evaporate in an oven with a small opening. The beam is collimated and travels in X direction until it falls on a glass plate. Between collimators and plate an inhomogeneous magnetic field is produced. It points in y direction and also changes its strength as a function of y. If the atoms possess a magnetic moment, the field pulls them away from the X axis. If the moments are oriented at random, there will be a broadening of the beam. But if spatial quantization exists with just two possible orientations, then the beam will be split in two. Half the atoms are pulled in the positive and half in the negative y direction. It should be treated as a spinning top with a magnetic needle in its axis." ( Brandt. The Harvest of a Century, p. 124).In November 1921, Stern and Gerlach observed a broadening of the beam, its size increased from 0.1 mm till 0.3 mm when the field was turned on. "This result proved that silver atoms possess a magnetic moment. With a still better collimated beam in February 1922 where the splitting of the beam into two was observed. Spatial quantization was established." ( Brandt. The Harvest of a Century, p. 124).Only after the birth of quantum mechanics it became clear that the atoms themselves are not turned, but that their quantum mechanical wave function assumes one of its possible values in the apparatus. The discovery penetrated all aspects of physics; it was documented that electrons are responsible for the hyperfine structure of the spectroscopic lines and more generally that the direct observation of the spin of the electron is the most clear evidence of quantization in quantum mechanics.The three volumes also contains the following papers of interest:1. Born, Max. Über elektrostatische Gitterpotentiale. Bd. 7. pp. 124-140.2. Born, Max. Zur Thermodynamik der Kristallgitter. Bd. 7. pp. 217-248.3. Geiger, H. Reichweitemessungen an alfa-Strahlen. Bd. 8. pp. 45-58.4. Brody, E. & Max Born. Bemerkungen zy unseren Abhandlungen "Über die Schwingungen eines mechanischen Systems mit endlicher Amplitude und ihre Quantelung" [...] . Bd. 8. Pp. 205-208.5. Heisenberg, Werner. Zur Quantentheorie der Linienstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte. Bd. 8. pp. 273-297.6. Bohr, Niels. Der Bau der Atome und die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Elemente. Bd. 9. pp. 1-67.And many others.

København, 1890. Originalt komponeret lysegråt helshirtbd. Helt guldsnit. En lille smule slitage ved false og kapitæler og ryggen en anelse falmet. Ellers særdeles nydelig. Ryggen en lille smule skæv. Også indvendig ren og frisk. Originaludgaven af et et Ibsens internationalt mest berømmede værker, det norske bidrag til Printing and the Mind of Man: "Ibsen's influence on the whole course of modern drama may be indicated by the inclusion of his plays in the repetoire of every Anvant-garde theatre of his day - the Théâtre Libre, Paris, 1887, Die Freie Bühne in Berlin, 1887, and The Independant Theatre in London, 1891-" (Printing and the Mind of Man: 375).

Copenhagen, Rhodos, 1966. Folio. Ubeskåret i orig. hlærredsbind. i orig. kassette. 93 pp. Trykt på håndgjort papir. Med 9 store originale indklæbede bloktryk, som er håndkolorerede, 5 i sort/hvid samt et håndtrykt motiv fra det ældstkendte mepalesiske bloktryk på bogens forside. No. 25 af 67 eksemplarer. Helt frisk eksemplar. De håndkolorerede bloktryk er originaler erhvervede i Nepal i 1956-59. De sort-hvide er håndtrykt i København på hjembragt nepalesisk papir, fremstillet hos papirmagerne i Nepals bjerge. Blokkene til disse tryk er nu ude af brug.

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1921 & 1922. 8vo. Bound in two uniform contemporary. In "Zeitschrift für Physik", Vol. 7, 8 & 9, 1922. All three volumes offered. Both with library stamp to title page and light wear to extremities. A fine set. Pp. 249-53; 110-11; 349-55. [Entire volumes: VI, 414 pp; IV, 419 pp.; IV, 412 pp.]. First printing of Stern and Gerlach's seminal papers in which the first spatial quantization, atomic magnetic moments, was first presented. With these papers, the first clear proof for the spin of the electron appeared, profoundly influencing the world of physics. The discovery of the deflection of particles is often used to illustrate basic principles of quantum mechanics and demonstrates that electrons and atoms have inherent quantum properties.Spatial quantization had been introduced merely as a theoretical concept by Sommerfeld in 1916, but no one before Stern had ever empirically demonstrated its existence, and some physicists even considered it to be nothing more than a mathematical tool. In his 1921-paper Stern proposed an empirical test:"The idea for the experiment proposed by Stern was simple enough. A beam of silver atoms is produced by letting silver evaporate in an oven with a small opening. The beam is collimated and travels in X direction until it falls on a glass plate. Between collimators and plate an inhomogeneous magnetic field is produced. It points in y direction and also changes its strength as a function of y. If the atoms possess a magnetic moment, the field pulls them away from the X axis. If the moments are oriented at random, there will be a broadening of the beam. But if spatial quantization exists with just two possible orientations, then the beam will be split in two. Half the atoms are pulled in the positive and half in the negative y direction. It should be treated as a spinning top with a magnetic needle in its axis." ( Brandt. The Harvest of a Century, p. 124).In November 1921, Stern and Gerlach observed a broadening of the beam, its size increased from 0.1 mm till 0.3 mm when the field was turned on. "This result proved that silver atoms possess a magnetic moment. With a still better collimated beam in February 1922 where the splitting of the beam into two was observed. Spatial quantization was established." ( Brandt. The Harvest of a Century, p. 124).Only after the birth of quantum mechanics it became clear that the atoms themselves are not turned, but that their quantum mechanical wave function assumes one of its possible values in the apparatus. The discovery penetrated all aspects of physics; it was documented that electrons are responsible for the hyperfine structure of the spectroscopic lines and more generally that the direct observation of the spin of the electron is the most clear evidence of quantization in quantum mechanics.The three volumes also contains the following papers of interest:1. Born, Max. Über elektrostatische Gitterpotentiale. Bd. 7. pp. 124-140.2. Born, Max. Zur Thermodynamik der Kristallgitter. Bd. 7. pp. 217-248.3. Geiger, H. Reichweitemessungen an alfa-Strahlen. Bd. 8. pp. 45-58.4. Brody, E. & Max Born. Bemerkungen zy unseren Abhandlungen "Über die Schwingungen eines mechanischen Systems mit endlicher Amplitude und ihre Quantelung" [...] . Bd. 8. Pp. 205-208.5. Heisenberg, Werner. Zur Quantentheorie der Linienstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte. Bd. 8. pp. 273-297.6. Bohr, Niels. Der Bau der Atome und die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Elemente. Bd. 9. pp. 1-67.And many others.

Amsterda, Ioannis Van Keulen, ca. 1680. 51,5x60 cm. Kobberstukket søkort over Kattegat med gengivelse af Østjylland fra Skagen til Horsens Fjord, Anholt, Læsø og Samsø, den svenske vestkyst fra Maesterland i nord til Landskrona i syd. Nordsjælland med Øresund fra Helsingør i nord til lidt syd for Hven. Kortet " ligger ned" med nord til venstre. Det smukt komponerede søkort blev udgivet i Van Keulen's "Zeeatlas" hvis førsteudgave udkom 1680."Af de gamle søkorter van Keulens vel de eneste, der, på grund af deres enorme udbredelse, ses nogenlunde hyppigt i handelen, men de er alligevel sjældnere end alle samtlige landkort" (Bo Bramsen p. 109).

Paris, Fr. Didot, 1778. 8vo. In four nice uniform contemporary sprinckled full calf bindings with five raised bands and richly gilt spines. Hinges with wear, otherwise a fine set. XXXVII, (3), 568 pp.; (4), 208, 207-302,305-655, (1) pp.; (4),520, (1) [errata] pp.; (4),333, (1), 335-336, (1), 336-776 pp. Complete with half titles in volume I-III, not called for in volume IV. The genuine second edition - but fifth appearance - of Macquer's landmark work "which may be regarded as the first scientific work of its class." (Ferguson I:p.60). "Although designiated as the second edition on each title page, this is the fifth appearance of the Dictionnaire in the French language. It is the genuine second edition as written by Marcquer, whose name now appears on the title and whose reputation had by this greatly increased. An important addition is the 168-page article on gas, a topic that was almost entirely new and had not been mentioned in the first edition. While the number of articles remains almost the same, the work, is nearly twice as long owing to the inclusion of an up-to date account of chemistry and much new material." (Neville, vol. 2, p. 113)."By far the most important of Macquer's works: there had been technical dictionaries before but this was the first dictionary of theoretical and general chemistry; its success soon produced many imitators". (Duveen).

Lüneburg, Cubach, 1676. 8vo. In contemporary full black calf with four raised bands and two clasps. Small paper-label (inventorynumber in Valdemar's Castle's library) pasted on to upper part of spine. Wear to extremities, a few worm-holes to boards. First and last few leaves with worm-tracts. Small worm-tract affecting first 200 pp, otherwise internally nice and clean. (18), 1419, (52) pp. + 1 frontispiece and 10 engraved plates, one to accompany each part. Exceedingly rare first edition of Scriver’s beautifully illustrated devotional prayer book. Christian Scriver (1629–1693) was a German Lutheran theologian and devotional writer. Scriver's writings focused on practical spirituality and personal piety, aiming to guide readers in their Christian walk. We have not been able to trace a single copy in the trade. OCLC list three copies, all in Germany.

London, Printed for Nathanial Ponder, 1680. 4to. In contemporary full calf with four raised bands. Edges of boards gilt. Small paper-label pasted on to upper part of spine. Light wear to extremities. Corners bumped. Light occassional marginal browning, but generally a nice and clean copy. (8), 400 pp. Wanting the frontispiece (Erroneously paginated as follows: Pp. 1-167 & 176-400. Complete, except for frontispiece). Later edition of Owen’s highly influential work on Psalm 130 also known as the "De Profundis" or "Out of the Depths". This work reflects Owen's commitment to both the rigorous study of Scripture and the practical application of biblical truths to the lives of believers. John Owen (1616-1683) was a prominent English theologian and minister in the Puritan tradition during the 17th century. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest theological minds in the Reformed tradition. Owen was born in Stadhampton, Oxfordshire, England, and he attended Queen's College, Oxford, where he studied classics and theology. Owen's theological writings covered a wide range of topics, including theology proper, soteriology, ecclesiology, and pneumatology. He was a staunch defender of Calvinism and Reformed theology, and he engaged in theological debates with various religious factions of his time, including Arminians and Socinians, two different branches of Pietism.

Kjøbenhavn, 1825. 8vo. Samtidigt halvshirtbindd med grønne glanspapirpermer; håndskreven rygtiteletiket. Lidt brugsspor. Med fællestitelbladet og den fælles indholdsfortegnelse til de tre afhandlinger samt alle tre særskilte titelblade. (4), 49, (1); (80), (2), 54 pp. Den særdeles sjældne originaludgave af Howitz' "Læren om Viljens Frihed", samlingen af hans tre indlæg i Howitz-fejden, striden om viljens frihed, som blev samlet under ét med et fælles titelblad og fælles indholdsfortegnelse, som næsten aldrig ses. Med viderunderlig egenhændig dedikation til "Hr. Dr. Martensen,/ fra Høsten i Sorø./ I Anledning af Deres/ Besøg hos mig d. 17. Juli/ og tilskyndet af Deres/ M: E: s. 21, L 4 f.n./ er jeg saa frie at udbede/ mig en Plads for denne/ Bog paa Deres Hylde./ Hengiveligst P: Hjort." M:E: er en forkortelse for Martensens hovedværk, "Mester Eckart", i hvilket han på s. 21, fra 4. l. f.n. skriver følende "Hvad er Frihed? Frit er, hvad der ikke hefter ved et Andet. Gud hefter ikke ved Noget, han svæver i sig selv og er fri for alle ting. Til Frihed hører ogsaa Herredømme, at man besidder mange og skiønne Ting...." Hjorts tre vigtige indlæg i Howitz-fejden er sjældne hver for sig, men ses stort set aldrig smmen, og endnu sjældnere med det fælles titelblad."Med afhandlingen "Om Afsindighed og Tilregnelse, et Bidrag til Psykologien og Retslæren", indledte Howitz i 1824 det 19. århundredes danske diskussion om viljens frihed." (Koch, Den danske idealisme, p. 183). Howitz mente, at samtidens retslærde (med Ørsted i spidsen) ikke forstod forholdet mellem menneskets normale fornuftstilstand og den afsindige tilstand, og han påbegyndte dermed en diskussion af det juridiske begreb om tilregnelighed, bag hvilket han mente at se Kants frihedslære. På flere fronter foregriber han emner, der forekommer meget moderne. For det første var hans mål i opposition til Ørsted at få ændret synet på domme i straffesager, hvor ydre omstændigheder burde siges at kunne svække den sagsøgtes evne til at handle fuldt rationelt, - en foregriben af moderne retspraksis.Samtidig behandler han spørgsmålet om sindssygdom som et spørgsmål om enhver anden legemlig sygdom. Han gør sig til talsmand for en biologisk funderet psykiatri, der sidestiller psykiske lidelser med fysiske lidelser ved at finde sædet for denne type sygdomme i hjernen.Med Hume søger Howitz således at gendrive Kants lære om menneskets frihed. Han sætter lighedstegn mellem forholdet motiv-handling og forholdet årsag-virkning, og således kan der, ifølge Howitz, når det gælder menneskelige handlinger, heller ikke findes noget, der er uden årsag. Howitz opfattede dog ikke, helt på linie med Hume, denne naturnødvendighed som værende i modstrid med friheden.Der er ingen tvivl om, at et skrift af den art som Howitz' "Om Afsindighed og Tilregnelse" har virket provokerende på den filosofisk idealistiske samtid, der ikke anerkendte nogen form for materialistisk determinisme, og det var nærmest en nødvendighed for de vigtigste filosofisk aktive skribenter i Danmark at svare på dette provokerende skrift.Således skriver først Ørsted allerede samme år "Et Par Ord; i Anledning af den foranstaaende Afhandling". Fejden, striden om viljens frihed, er nu i fuld gang, og hele det filosofiske Danmark inddrages heri. Allerede samme år svarer Howitz igen på Ørsteds svar, med sit værk "Determinismen eller Hume imod Kant". Howitz fastholder heri sine meninger fra det første indlæg, og sætter trumf på ved bl.a. at påpege, "at den kantske frihed er en videnskabelig uting, idet det må gælde for såvel den moralske som den fysiske natur, at den er underkastet love." (Koch, p. 191)Året efter følger Hjorts tre provokerende indlæg, de tre separate værker, som blev samlet under titlen "Læren om Villiens Frihed. Forsvaret imod en Mediciners Angreb.""Hjorts indlæg imod Howitz er præget af ordkløveri, uklarhed og påstuleren og er -ligesom Mynsters- skrevet ud fra en bevidsthed om at indtage en overlegen position i forhold til den angrebne." (C.H. Koch, "Den danske idealisme", p. 202).Presentation-copy of the extremely scarce first edition of Hjort's three highly important contributions to the Howitz-feud, the feud about free will, which were collected under the title "The Notion of Free Will" w. a joint title-page and contents-leaf, which are very scarce. None of the parts are commonly seen on the market, it is very rare to see two or three of them together, and it is extremely scarce to see them all with the joint title-page. The presentation is excellent. It is for the famous Danish Professor of theology, Martensen, who, at the time of Kierkegaard, was the leading and most influential theologist in Denmark. In the presentation Hjort makes a reference to a particular place in Martensen's main work, "Mester Eckart", in which he mentions the question of free will. The presentation is signed "P. Hjort".In the Feud on Free Will, Hjort published these three separate works, in which he attacks Howitz and with him Hume.