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(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1815 and 1816). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1815 - Part I. and 1816 - Part II. Having both titlepages to the parts. Pp. (2),389-446 and (2),179-256. First titlepage with a stamp on verso. Otherwise fine and clean. First printings of Babbage's main mathematical contributions."Babbage's major Contribution to mathematics was his calculus of functions, which he became interested in as early as 1809 and continued to develop during his years at Cambridge. Babbage presents his major ideas on the subject in the above two papers, published in the "Philosophical Transactions" in 1815 and 1816. "It can be said with some assurance that no mathematician prior to Babbage had treated the calculus of functions in such systematic way...Babbage must be given full credit as the inventor of a distinct and importent branch of mathematics" (Dubbey 1978, 90). Elsewhere Dubby states that his new scheme would serve as a generalized calculus to include all problems capable of analytical formulation, and it is possible to see here a hint of the inspiration for his concept of THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE. While the work on the engines and his other scientific, social and political activities caused him virtually to abandon mathematical research at the age of thirty, the calculus of functions was the area he often yearned to continue. In fact the calculus of functions was not taken up by other workers, and it is the aspect of Babbage's mathematical work that modern mathematicians find most fascinating (Dubbey 1989, 18-19)." (Hook a. Norman No. 19).Charles Babbage, William Herschel and George Peacock founded in 1810 in Cambridge the "Analytical Society", at Trinity College in order to reform the notation and the teaching of mathematics in England, introducing Leibniz' differential notation instead of Newton's fluxions. The continental texts and papers then became accessible to English students.

Viennae, Typis Antonii Strauss, 1821. 8vo. Contemporary blue marbled boards. Wear to capitals and corners. Internally very nice and clean. 144 pp. The scarce first edition. with a signed presentation-inscription to front free end-paper: "In/ perennem antiquae amicitiae T(? -I? - J?)esseram/ Andreas Rethy", of this interesting attempt at a universal language by the Hungarian professor of Greek.The work, which was published more than half a decade before Esperanto and Volapük appeared, constitutes a "Dictionary" with words and their Latin translations - divided into 9 "Classis" that are sub-divided into nouns, verbs, and adverbs.

Riga, bey Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, 1783 + Königsberg, Friedrich Nicolovius, 1794 + 1798. 8vo. Bound together in one slightly later full green cloth binding with gilt title to spine: Kant/ Religion/ und/ Metaphysik. A bit of wear to extremities and a bit of brownspotting throughout. But all in all a harmonious and nice "Sammelband" of three of Kant's important works. With stamp (Studentersamfundet") to front free end-paper and to all three title-pages. 1) Woodcut title-vignette, woodcut flower-and putti-headpiece on p. 3 and woodcut end-vignette (ornamentail piece with flowers). 222 pp. 2) With contemporary ownership-signature to title-page. XXVI, (4), 314, (2, -errata) pp. 3) With contemporary ownership-signature to title-page (same as previous work: v. Holmfeld"). XXX, 205 pp. The three works together constitute an excellent introduction to the full range of Kant works and are all of the utmost importance to the understanding of his philosophy:1) First edition, third issue, of Kant's masterpiece, the more popular exposition of the ideas presented in his main work "Critik der reinen Vernunft" (1781). Three variants of the first edition are known to exist, distinguishable by head- and tailpieces, and this is the third one listed in Warda, i.e. Warda 77.This work constitutes a more comprehensible exposition of the main thoughts of Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason", and it is probably one of the most frequently read and approachable of his works. After having received immense negative critique and having been misunderstood with the first edition of the "Critique of Pure Reason", Kant wrote his "Prolegomena" as a defense and explanation, and he later incorporated much of it into the second edition of the "Critique of Pure Reason"; -it is with the ideas expounded in this work that Kant becomes world-famous. "Kant's great achievement was to conclude finally the lines on which philosophical speculation had proceeded in the eighteenth century, and to open up a new and more comprehensive system of dealing with the problems of philosophy... The influence of Kant is paramount in the critical method of modern philosophy. - No other thinker has been able to hold with such firmness the balance between speculative and empirical ideas... " (PMM 226). Warda: 77. 2) The improved and enlarged second edition of Kant's seminal work, in which he develops his religion of reason and most fully accounts for his philosophy of religion.The "Religion within the Bounds of Mere Reason " originally appeared in 1793 but was enlarged and revised by Kant himself, and it appeared in the definitive second edition on 1794. It is this second edition which became the standard version of the text.The work is constituted by four essays, in which Kant accounts for relationship between the moral doctrines that he had developed in his works of moral philosophy and his understanding of religion. One of his most frequently cited conclusions is that even though morality in itself does not need religion, morality will still inevitably lead to religion."The work in which Kant offers his most extensive and systematic treatment of religion from the perspective of his critical philosophy is "Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason". In addition to its importance in the development of Kant's view of religion as discussed below, this work is notable because of the controversy over censorship that attended its publication, the reprimand then given to Kant in the name of the Prussian emperor, Friedrich Wilhelm II, and Kant's pledge not to publish on matters of religion, which he later considered abrogated upon the death of the emperor in 1797." (SEP).Warda: 145.3) First edition of the last book that Kant himself published (together with his simultaneously published lecture "Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht"), in which he defends the Faculty of Philosophy against those of Theology, Law, and Medicine, claiming that Philosophy is superior in that it is the only of them that pursues truth in stead of usefulness. Criticizing the contemporary practice at the universities, he argues that the disciplines of the humanities and sciences, which are those collected in the Faculty of Philosophy, ought to be free from censorship or any form of state control, both in teaching and research. Warda: 193

Basel, 1860. 8vo. A little later green half cloth with a recent printed paper title-label to spine. Brownspotting to some leaves. Some underlinings and maginal annotations, all in pencil. Near contemporary annotations/description pasted on to verso of dedication-leaf. (4), 576 pp. The scarce first edition of Burckhardt's main work, the groundbreaking work on the culture of the Renaissance, which helped found the historical study of this previously much overlooked era. " "The most penetrating and subtle treatise on the history of civilization", in Lord Acton's words, "a mere essay", as Burckhardt himself called it, "The Civilization of the Renaissance in Ittaly" has, for more than a century, determined the general conception of thirteenth- to fifteenth-century Italy." (PMM p. 210)This classic of Renaissance historiography is of the greatest importance to the development of the history of the Renaissance and of history of art and culture in general. More specifically, Burckhardt here establishes the fact that the Renaissance came first in developing the human individuality to the highest degree. He places the earliest signs of "the modern European Spirit" in Florence, which was a great contributing factor to the comprehension of this city as representing one of the highlights of European culture.The Swiss historian of art and culture, Jacob Chrisoph Burckhardt (1818-1897), contributed seminally to the historiography of these two fields. He is considered the discoverer of the Renaissance, and with his main work he founded the study of thirteenth- to fifteenth-century Italy and thereby the historical study of the Renaissance, the society of which he dealt with all aspects of. In general, Burckhardt's works all constitute an original historical approach to the study of art, culture, social institutions etc. As a highly respected scholar of Greek civilization, Burckhardt, with his original historiographical approach, was highly admired by Nietzsche, who also attended his lectures. The two kept in contact and corresponded frequently. Like Nietzsche, Burckhardt was a great admirer of Schopenhauer, and he greatly opposed the Hegelian interpretations of history."... as in the case of other great historians such as Gibbon, Ranke, Macaulay, no criticism of details can detract from the powerful spell which Burckhardt's book has exercised upon such widely different writers as Ruskin, Nietzsche and Gobineau, as well as upon innumerable lovers of the most magnificent period of European history." (PMM).Printing and the Mind of Man 347.

London, 1758. Folio (355 x 225). In contemporary full full calf. Rebacked and boards with scratches and and a few cracks. First and last leaves with brownspots, otherwise a good copy. XX, 207 pp. + folded map of iceland. First English translation of Horrebow's extensive topographical work on Iceland, the Danish original being published in 1752.

Maestricht, J.E. Dufour & Ph. Roux, 1776-80. Folio. (40,5x27 cm.). 2 contemp. full calf. with raised bands. Tome-and titlelabels in leather on back. Upper and lower compartments of both backs repaired. Slightly rubbed. (4),26,954;(4),284 pp. and 2 folded tables (in Supplement). Margin on htitle repaired. Upper margins of text in vol. 2 faintly dampstained. Second edition of this extensive encyclopedia of the Islamic world, Herbelot's great work, which is based on the immense Arabic bibliography (Kashf al-Zunun), but it also contains a vast number of other Turkish and Arabic compilations and manuscripts. - "Ce savant ouvrage se trouve aujourd'hui fort arriéré; mais , comme aucun autre ne le remplace, il est toujours très-recherché." (Brunet II:664). - Graesse II:376.

London, 1844. All three volumes in the orig. burgundy full cloth w. gilt lettering to spines and blindstamped boards. Capitals and corners a bit bumped and spines a bit crooked. Internally very nice and clean. W. 8 pp. of advertisements in vol. one and 14 pp. of advertisements in vol. three. First edition of Lady Georgiana's first novel, one of her main works, inscribed on half-title of each volume: "Sophy Consulonieri/ from Lady Georgiana."Lady Georgiana Charlotte Fullerton (1812-1885) was a hugely succesful English novelist, whose great novels played an important rôle in disseminating the main controversies of religious debate to the novel-reading public. This, her first novel, was written while she was still a practising Anglican. The work focuses on the issue of confession, and it was very well received. In "The English Review", Mr. Gladstone said of it: "the least didactic and the most instructive" of religious novels. Two years after the appearnce of the novel, Lady Georgiana converted to Roman Catholocism.

A la Haye, Thomas Johnson, 1723. 8vo. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Light wear to extremities, corner bumped and part of gilting to spine worn off. Ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Internally nice and clean. XXXVI, (4), 304, (12) pp. First French translation of Cornelius van Bynkershoek’s work “De foro legatorum”, first published in 1721, on state jurisdiction over diplomats in civil and criminal matters. Cornelius van Bynkershoek (1673-1743), Dutch jurist and legal theorist. Van Bynkershoek made significant contributions to international law. He served as president of the Supreme Court of the Dutch Republic, the Hoge Raad van Holland en Zeeland, from 1724 to 1743. His most notable contribution was in the development of the Law of the Sea. Expanding upon Hugo Grotius' concept of coastal state rights, Bynkershoek proposed that a state's control over adjacent waters should correspond to the range of its weapons, famously stating, "terrae potestas finitur ubi finitur armorum vis."

Berlin, August Mylius, 1763. Small 8vo. Contemp. blank boards. Handwritten title on upper board. A bruise to upper cover, affecting lightly margins of the first few leaves. X,237 pp., 10 engraved plates and 1 large folded engraved map also showing a bit of North America. Internally clean. German edition by Krünitz of "Det gamle Grønlands Nye Perlustration, Eller Natural-Historie...", 1730.Lauridsen VIII,193 - Sabin, 22025.

1906-90. Alt indbundet samt register til bd. l-50.

Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1887. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von G. Wiedemann.", Neue Folge Bd. 31, 7. Heft. With the titlepage to vol. 31. Pp. 337-544 a. 2 folded plates, (entire issue offered "Heft" 7). Hertz's paper: pp. 421-448 A. PP. 543-544. A Stamp on titlepage and verso of. Clean and fine. First edition of Hertz's seminal paper on electromagnetic waves in which he empirically demonstrates Maxwell's equations. This discovery and its demonstration led directly to the invention radio of communication, television and Radar. The paper is the "ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE PRODUCTION BY ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE OF WAVES WHICH HAVE THE PROPERTY OF VERY LONG WAVES"(H.M. Evans).Hertz demonstrates what Maxwell had predicted that electromagnetic waves radiated in space with the speed of light. Hertz determined these waves to be of greater length than light and that they could be reflected."Experimental proof by Hertz of the Faraday-Maxwell hypothesis that electrical waves can be projected through space was begun in 1887, eight years after Maxwell's death. The two main requirements were (a) a method of producing the waves, supposing that they existed, and (b) a method of detecting them once they were produced." (PMM, 377.). In the present paper Hertz "describes the apparatus that he had devised for the detection and measurement of electromagnetic waves, the key to his later success. To prove that electromagnetic waves can be projected through space it was necessary to devise a means of both producing the waves and, more difficult at the time, of detecting them once produced." (Norman Library, No. 1123)."Hertz's researches on electrical waves vindicated the Helmholtz ideal of the physicist as one whose competences embraced both experiment and mathematics. Hertz entered physics at the right time for one of his abilities to make a critical contribution; because the outstanding problem of physics was the disorderly condition of electrodynamics, what was needed was someone with the theoretical power to analyze the competing theories and with the experimental judgment to produce the evidence that would persuade the physical community that a decision between the theories had been reached." (DSB, VI, 348b.)"In the early 1890's the young inventor Guglielmo Marconi read of Hertz's electric wave experiments in an Italian electrical journal and began considering the Possibility of communication by wireless waves. Hertz's work initiated a technological development as momentous as it physical counterpart." (DSB, VI, 349a.).

Stuttgart, Hoffmann'sche Verlags=Buchhandlung, 1840. Orig. printed boards. Top and bottom of spine a little worn, some scratchings and discolouring to binding, but intact. (1),145,(5) pp. and 21 fine lithogrpahed plates of which 18 have a fine handcolouring (the 3 first plates with 2 illustrations each, complete). Textlvs. brownspotted.

Paris, Claude Jombert, 1728-29. Large 4to. (28,5 x 20,5 cm.). Contemp. hcalf. Richly gilt spine. Title- and tomelabel with gilt lettering. A paperlabel pasted on upper part of spine. Stamps on first title-page. Engraved folded frontispiece. Title to vol. 2 engraved and folded. (10),96;(2),59,(1);44;60;74,(2) pp. and 3 + 144 large folded engraved plates. Internally clean, printed on good paper. Brunet I, 1261.

La Haye, Vander Poel, 1730. 8vo. Uniformly bound in three nice contemporary Cambridge-style mirror bindings with five raised bands and richly gilt spines. Scratches to boards with occassional loss of leather. Traces from small paper-label to upper compartment on spine on vol. 1. Dampstain to upper outer margin of first 15 ff. in vol 3. An overall nice and clean set. (8), 212 pp. + frontispiece and 4 plates; (8), 220 pp. + 6 plates; (32), 336 pp. + 2 plates. The rare second French translation of Gulliver’s Travels. The first translation was done by Desfontaines in 1727, this present translation was done anonymously and is much scarcer than the first 1727-edition. The original English edition was not, even by the well-educated English speaking, read in Franch:”Voltaire was one of the few people in eighteenth-century France to have had access to the English original. Discussing Gulliver’s Travels in a letter to M. Thieriot of February 1727, he calls Swift the English Rabelais; indeed, he regarded him as superior to Rabelais, dubbing him the Rabelais “sans fatras”. What impressed him most in Gulliver’s Travels were the “strokes of imagination” and the lightness of style, “even if it were not in addition a satire on human kind.” Although Voltaire read the original, as yet unexpurgated version of Gulliver’s Travels, he did not accuse Swift of presenting too pessimistic a view of mankind. Nevertheless, he had some doubts about the success Swift’s works would enjoy in France. The French, he says, “will never have a very good understanding of the books of the ingenious Dr Swift” because the satire puts high demands on people’s knowledge of English culture, history, and politics, a knowledge not sufficiently available in France. One of Swift’s friends, the exiled Bishop Atterbury, shared these doubts on the grounds that the French had a different sense of humor from the English, and would therefore have difficulties understanding the significance of Gulliver’s Travels. A different view was held by Lady Bolingbroke, widow of the Marquis de Villette and second wife of the exiled Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke. She was one of the most ardent admirers of Swift in France, and was convinced that her compatriots would profit from the translation which had been announced but was not yet published” (Just, The Reception of Gulliver’s Travels in Britain and Ireland, France, and Germany) Teerink, A Bibliography of the Writings in Prose and Verse of Jonathan Swift: 374 Amélie Derome Les traductions en langue française de Gulliver’s Travels de Jonathan Swift, no. 8

Kiøbenhavn, 1764. 4to. Senere slidt halvlæder (ca. 1850). 462 s. + 67 kobberstukne plancher (af i alt 74. Mangler; Generale kort over Sjælland, Det specielle kort af Sælland, Grundtegning af København, Prospekt af samme, Christiansborg, Trinitatis og Børsen.) Med kort over Samsø (efter Resen, 1768) Plancherne velbevarede, enkelte dog med få brune pletter og nogle med marginale revner. Enkelt planche med revne i stikket uden tab. Indvendig lettere gulnet. Originaltrykket.

Christiania, Samfundets Forlag Johan Krohn, (1831-41). Indbundet i 18 samtidige hldrbd. Rygforgyldning. Forgyldte titelfelter. Nederst på rygge er der med tape påsat en papirsetiket. Enkelte kapitæler lidt slidte. Stempel på heftetitelbladene. Hvert hefte ca. 200 pp. Med talrige litograferede kort, planer og plancher. Indvendig ren og frisk. Rækken her har alle heftetitelblade, men savner titelblade til bindene. Der foreligger 2 litograferede titelblade (i hefte 9 og 10), men uden årstal og uden hefte- eller bindbetegnelse."Det eldste av de norske militære tidsskriftene er Norsk militært tidsskrift (NMT). Forordet i det første nummeret er datert 31. desember 1830 og tidsskriftet het den gang Militairt Tidsskrift . Det ble utgitt av en Forening til udgivelse af et militairt tidsskrift opprette 4. april 1930. I 1834 ble tidsskriftet overtatt av Christiana Militaire Samfund og fra 1842 ble navnet endret til Norsk Militairt Tidsskrift."

Paris, Gallimard, 1953 Small 8to. Uncut and unopened in the original printed wrappers. Back hinge slightly clacked, but a very fine and clean copy. S.P. printed to title-page and bottom of back wrapper. 90, (3) pp. First edition, presentation copy "A Meriam (?) et Ammeend (?) Schcor (?)/ avedCm'amitié de/ Maurice Blanchot.", of Merleau-Ponty's famous inaugural address to the Collège de France, his frequently quoted and highly regarded "In Praise of Philosophy", in which he defines the essence of philosophy and predicts its future. It is here we find his famous passages about philosophy "limping", that "this limping of philosophy is its virtue", and the answer to the question what philosophy will do in the 21st century - It will limp along.

Heidelberg, Mohr und Zimmer, 1815-31. Bound in 6 contemp. boards. Gilt backs and titlelabels. Edges slightly rubbed. A library number on foot of spine. Internally clean and fine. First edition of this groundbreaking work, treating Roman Law according to new historical principles - Savigny was co-founder of the new historical school - and with an enormous significance for the establishment of international private law in the 19th century.

Paris, 1950-92. Vols. 1950-61 in boards, rest in parts.

Franckfurt & Gotha, Boetius, 1687. 8vo. In a contemporary full calf with four raised bands and richly gilt spine. Light wear to extremities, three small worm hole to back board and leather missing on upper part of back hinge. Small paper label pasted on to upper part of spine, indicating the inventory number in an estate library. Upper part of book block close trimmed, with slight loss of text to title-page, otherwise fine and clean. (14), 490, (20) pp. + frontispiece. The exceedingly rare first edition of Nehring's early handbook for notaries. The work was reprinted well into the 18th century.

Paris, Claude Barbin, 1669. 8vo. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Wear to extremities. Boards with scratches and a few stains. Parts of gilting on spine worn off. Upper part of spine with loss of leather. Small stain to upper outer corner. 291, (1) pp. The rare, presumbly, first edition of Mere’s dialog between Marechal de Clerambault and Chevalier de Mere. Brunet list this 1669-edition asthe first.Tchemerzine mention an edition from 1668 but notes that he has not seen it: “nous n'avons pas vu d'exemplaire de cette édition, inconnue jusqu'à la vente de Rochebilière” (Tchemerzine VIII, p. 219). Chevalier de Méré (1607-1684), whose real name was Antoine Gombaud, was a French writer and thinker. De Méré was known for his contributions to literature, particularly in the of moral philosophy and social commentary. He is perhaps best remembered for his participation in the intellectual circles of his time, where he engaged in discussions and correspondences of which this work is a fine testimony. De Méré's writings, especially the present, offer insights into the social and cultural milieu of 17th-century France. We have only been able to trace one copy at auction.OCLC list no copies (of both the 1669-edition and the presumed 1668-edition). Tchemerzine VIII, p. 219 Brunet III, 1648.

København, 1903-89. 1.-54. årg. indbundet i 20 pæne, solide hshirtbd. Rest i rene hefter. Med register til 1.-60. årgang samt 2 delregistre. (Der mangler et hefte= 4. hefte af 71. årgang (1973)).

London, Harrison and Sons, 1931. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary full blue cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Proceedings of the Royal Society", Series A, Vol. 132 & 133, 1933. A very fine and clean copy. [Dirac in Vol 133:] Pp. 61-72. [Entire volume: V(1), 703-706, 701, (1), XIV, 695, IX pp.] First printing of Dirac's seminal paper in which he predict anti-matter. "The prediction and subsequent discovery of the positron rank among the great triumphs of modern physics". (Pais, The Genius of Science). After Dirac in 1928 had published his famous relativistic wave equation for the electron, he spent the following years working on an interpretation of the negative energy solutions of the equation. In 1930 he published his hole-theory and tried to identify the holes with protons. But, as pointed out by several others, the theory required that these counter particles to the electron must have the same mass as the electron, and also would annihilate into pure energy upon colliding with the electron. In 1931 (in this article) Dirac bit the bullet and postulated: "A hole, if there is one, would be a new kind of particle, unknown to experimental physics ... We may call such a particle an anti-electron ... Theory at present is quite unable to suggest a reason why there should be any differences between electron and protons". Thus, Dirac had predicted the existance of both the positron and antiproton. "Dirac was one of the greatest theoretical physicists in the twentieth century. He is best known for his important and elegant contributions to the formulation of quantum mechanics; for his quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation, which inaugurated quantum electrodynamics; for his relativistic equation of the electron; for his "prediction" of the positron and of antimatter; and for his "large number hypothesis" in cosmology. Not only his results but also his methods influenced the way much of theoretical physics is done today, extending or improving the mathematical formalism before looking for its systematic interpretation." (DSB).In 1932 C. D. Anderson produced positrons in cloud chambers exposed to radiation. Antiprotons were observed in 1954 by E. G. Segrè and O. Chanberlain.

Paris, David l'aine, 1747. 4to. Cont. full calf, raised bands. Rebacked in old style. Inner hinges strenghtened. Corners restored. Engraved title-vignette and 1 large engraved vignette in the text. (8),XXVIII,194,138 pp. and 2 engraved folded plates (all). First 4 and last 6 leaves waterstained in margins. Occational marginal dampstaining. First edition, issued in the same year in both Paris and Berlin, but only the Paris-edition also has the Latin text, which was translated into French by d'Alembert himself.The work is highly important, as it is the first work at all in which the general use of partial differential equations in mathematical physics appeared. D'Alembert discusses the mathematical theory of vibrations of cords and hereby he was led to partial differential equations which he applied to the "Theory of Winds" and laid the base of a scientific meteorology. He rejected the conception of Edmund Halley that the general circulation of the atmosphere is significantly controlled by the distribution of solar heating, and applies a mathematical theory, based on Newton's law of gravitation, thus explaining the winds by means of the gravitational forces from the sun and moon. - D'Alembert's name survives in the mathematics of today, the "Dalabertian" for wave equation, D'alembert's paradox in hydrodynamics etc.

Havniæ, (Arnamagnæani), 1817. 4to. Smukt nyere hldrbd. i brun oaseged. Ophøjede bind på ryg. Forgyldt skindtitel. Rygforgyldning. Også med ekstra titelblad med kobberstukket vignet. (4),LX,XII,550,138,(2) pp., 4 kobberstukne plancher. Aldeles frisk eksemplar, trykt på svært papir. Oldnordisk-dansk paralelltekst samt latinske kommentarer. The first edition. Edited and translated by Grimur Thorkelin. - Fiske I,336. - Klose,1399.