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Dresden und Leipzig, Johann Christoph Miethen, 1705. Folio (215 x 340 mm). In recent half calf with gilt lettering to spine. Stamp to pasted down front end-paper, verso of frontiespiece and to lower part of title-page. Two first leaves missing small part of part in outer margin, far from affecting text. Light browning throughout, otherwise a good copy. 192 pp. +32 folded plates and 1 folded frontiespiece. Second edition of this major German baroque work on artillery. It deals with all aspects of the construction of cannons, all kinds of explosives and how to use them. The first part deals with the construction of large cannons, part two with smaller cannons, three deals with shells, mortars and similar explosives, four explains how to use cannons in the most effective way. The detailled and informative plates are engraved by Gerard de Groos after designs by the author. Jähns II, 1219Rumpf, 1300.

Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1854. No wrappers as extracted from: "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff", Vierte Reihe Bd. 3, (= Poggendorff Bd. 93, No. 12). Pp. 481-506. Clean and fine. First printing of this milestone paper in thermodynamics, which together with his paper from 1850, established the second law of thermodynamics. In the offered paper Clausius introduces the symbol T for the universal function of temperature (a + 1) and he introduces the concept of "entropy" (the greek word for 'transformation'), but without using the word (Clausius introduced the word later in 1865), he calls this new theorem "the principle of the equivalence of transformations". This principle paints a dramatic picture of the end of the world, the so-called "heath-death of the universe"."Entropy, on the other hand, of the complementary experience of water seeking its own level, of hot bodies cooling, of springs untensing, of magnetism wearing off and electrical charges leaking away, of a destiny suchThat no life lives forever; - That dead men rise up never; that even the weariest river Winds somewhere safe to sea: a world getting old and running down."(Gillespie in "The edge of Objectivity" p. 400-01.)."Clausius discovered that if he took the ratio of the heat content of a system and its absolute temperature, this ration would always increase in any process taken place in a closed system. (A closed system is one that loses no energy to the outside world and gains no energy from it.) With perfect efficiency, which is never realized in the real world, of course, the ratio would remain constant, but i would never, under any circumstances, decrease."(Asimov). - Parkinson: Breakthroughs 1854 C.

Paris, Félix Alcan, 1912. 8vo. Completely uncut and unopened, in the fragile original printed green wrappers. Remains of a paper label to front wrapper, otherwise an exceptionally fine, clean, and fresh copy. Light minor brownspotting due to the quality of the paper. Housed in a custom-made green cloth box with gilt red laetaher title-label to spine. (4), 647 pp + folded map + publisher's catalogue (38, (2) pp). Scarce first edition - especially in this condition - of what is generally regarded as Durkheim's magnum opus, his groundbreaking study of totemism among the Australian aborigines, which led him to the foundational conclusion that religion is social, that the primary purpose of religion is to bind people together. Showing that society is the soul of religion, that society is the foundation of all religious belief, and that religion is what allows for a society to express its social unity "The Elementary forms of religious Life" furthermore explains the enduring relevance of religion throughout history. In this milestone work of sociology, Durkheim sets out to discover the enduring source of human social identity. To that aim, he investigates totemism among the Australian Aborigines, acknowledging that all religion has its origin in totemism. Totems are collective symbols that represent both a god and society. The collective thought, of which totemism is an early expression, is the basis of all religious thought and as such also of philosophy and modern science.The work came to have a profound effect on not only sociology and religion, but also on philosophy, psychology, and history of science, documenting how collective thought, through totemism and religious expression, enabled mankind to enter into a world of concepts and correspondence and to identity causes and relations. All philosophy and science ultimately rests on this collective thought, which allowed mankind to enter into a conceptual realm. "The Elementary Forms has been applauded and debated by sociologists, anthropologists, ethnographers, philosophers, and theologians, and continues to speak to new generations about the intriguing origin and nature of religion and society." (from the English langiuage translation)."The general conclusion of the book which the reader has before him is that religion is something eminently social. Religious representations are collective representations which express collective realities; the rites are a manner of acting which take rise in the midst of assembled groups and which are destined to excite, maintain, or recreate certain mental states in these groups. So if the categories are of religious origin, they ought to participate in this nature common to all religious facts; they should be social affairs and the product of collective thought. At least -- for in the actual condition of our knowledge of these matters, one should be careful to avoid all radical and exclusive statements -- it is allowable to suppose that they are rich in social elements." (From "The Elementary forms of religious Life").

Kiøbenhaffn (Copenhagen), Peter Hake, 1648. 4to. In later marbled paper-wrappers. Lower outer corner of title-page with repair, slightly touching text. Evenly browned throughout. 64, (4) pp. The rare first edition of the first book in Danish to contain recipes for colours and guides on how to dye and colour hide and various materials. The work is a translation of Pedemontano’s ‘Secreti’ (Venice, 1555), one of the most popular in the genre of ‘books of secrets’ combining medical, cosmetic and technological recipes. In Denmark up until the present publication the process and knowledge of making colours and colouring in general had been passed on orally and the individual shops keeps their recipes and techniques a secret hoping to have a competitive advantage. This also explains why the first work on coloring in Danish is a translation of an Italian work and not the work of Dane – no one wanted to spill their secrets! Books on coloring by Danes did notappear until the second part of the 18th century. Pedemontano’s ‘Secreti’ “is one of the earliest printed publications containing art technological recipes. Book five describes how to prepare pigments, dyestuffs and printing inks, black, coloured and metallic writing inks, and explains the colouring of bone, leather and wood. Its recipe for intaglio printing ink is in fact the first ever published.” (Stijnman, A short-title bibliography of the Secreti by Alessio Piemontese). Alessio Pedemontano is presumably a synonym for Ruscelli: “nothing is actually known about Alessio other than his name and what he tells about himself in the introduction to the ‘Secreti’, and occasionally in his wanderings in the main text – if indeed this is reliable information at all. Twelve years after the publication of the original ‘Secreti’, Francesco Sansovino wrote the preface to a different volume of secrets compiled by one Girolamo Ruscelli (1500?–1566?), a contemporary alchemist who is known through other publications. Sansovino stated that Alessio was a pseudonym of Ruscelli.” (Stijnman, A short-title bibliography of the Secreti by Alessio Piemontese). The present publication was printed as part 2 of Holst’s “Oeconomia nova” (1647-1649) but with separate title-page and pagination. Thesaurus 492Bibliotheca Danica II 249.

Kiøbenhavn, Glasing, 1756. 4to. (30 x 22 cm). Indbundet i et pænt, samtidigt hellæderbind med rig rygforgyldning og forgyldt rygtiteletiket. Fem ophøjede bind på ryg. Enkel stregforgyldning på permer. Lille tab ved øvre kapitæl restaureret. En smule slid ved ydre false og kanter af permer. Med Einar Christiansens exlibris på indersiden af forperm. Med 30 smukke kobbertavler, hvoraf adskillige er udfoldelige, samt talrige kobberstukne vignetter i teksten. Rent og velholdt eksemplar. (8), 288, (24) pp. Dette prægtige kobberstikværk fra rokokotiden med kort over Bornholm og Christiansø, prospekter af alle de bornholmske købstræder, kirker, mindetavler, runestene, etc, er den ældste beskrivelse af Bornholm og Christiansø og et hovedværk i dansk provinstopografi. The earliest description of the islands in the Baltic Sea 'Bornholm' and 'Christiansø' fully illustrated with 30 engraved maps and views.

Copenhague, Claude Philibert, 1777. 4to. Bound in a fine much later full morocco. Raised bands. Gilt lettering on spine. All edges gilt. Stamp on foot of title-page. Engraved titlevignette. (4),XVI,(8),440,(1) pp., 6 folded tables and 30 large folded engraved plates. Probably a gift copy as it is a copy on large paper and printed on thick fine paper. Further it has an additional engraved plate numb. XXX. First edition. Having very detailled descriptions and illustrations of all kinds of gunnery for the reformed French Army. -Sloos. Warfare and the Age of Printing, 7125.

(Paris, L'Imprimerie Royale, 1735). 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from "Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1733". Pp. 23-39, pp. 73-84, pp. 233-254 a. 1 engraved plate, pp. 457-476. With titlepage to the volume (1733/1735). First appearance of these milestone papers in the histroy of electricity in which Dufay explains his discovery of two kinds of electricity and the relation between them, attraction and repulsion, shocks and sparking, and the full recognition of electrostatic repulsion. He formulates the two-fluid theory of electricity. He further showed that "not all bodies can become electrified themselves" (by friction) and went on to show, "that they can all acquire a considerable (electrical) virtue when the tube (of rubbed) glass), wood, metals or liquids are brought near them,", provided only that they are insulated by beiing stood on "a support of glass or of sealing-wax".Dufay "TRANSFORMED A COLLECTION OF MISCELLANEOUS WEEDS INTO THE FIRST GARDEN OF EUROPE" (Heilbron)"Dufay's substantive discoveries - ACR, the two electricities, shocks and sparking - are but one aspect, and perhaps not the most significant, of his achievement. His insistence on the impiortence of the subject, on the universal character of electricity, on the necessity of organizing, digesting and regulariizing known facts before grasping new ones, all helped to introduce order and professionel standards into the study of electricity at precisely the moment when the accumulation of data began to require them. He foundthe subject a record of often capricious, disconnected phenomena, the domain of the polymaths, textbook writers, and prfesional lecturers, and left a body of knowledge that invited and rewarded prolonged scrutinity from serious physicists." (Heilbron "Electricity in the 17 & 18 Centuries", p. 260).Parkinson "Breakthroughs", 1734 P - Ronalds Library, p. 145. - Not in Wheeler Gift Cat.

Sorø, Jonas Lindgren, 1761, 1762 & 1763. 8vo. Uniformly bound in six contemporary full mottled calf bindings with five raised bands and gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Wear to extremities, boards with scratches, spine-ends chipped, some with loss of leather. Internally with occassional light brownpostting, but generally nice and clean. (23), 4-416 pp. + frontispiece; (3), 418-840, 32, (1), 722-728 pp; (2), 408 pp.; (3), 410-808 [i.e. 888] pp.; (2), 400 pp.; (3), 402-948, (2) pp. First appearance of this important Danish Enlightenment journal published between 1761 and 1763. The publication covered a wide range of topics, including politics, literature, philosophy, and cultural matters, and it played a significant role in shaping public opinion during its time. "Den Patriotiske Tilskuer" aimed to promote enlightened ideas and reforms, and it contributed to the intellectual and cultural life of Denmark during the 18th century. It was published twice each week and in approximately 1000 copies.

Frankfurt, Kaufmann, 1921. Royal 8vo. Original half cloth binding with the illustrated and printed cardboard-boards. Hinges weak, internally and externally, and cloth here a bit torn. Overall a very good copy of of this very fragile original binding (the cloth is very thin and fragile and usually totally ruined, making the work quite scarce in the original binding - which has the David Star on the front board). Internally very nice and clean. 532 pp - 2 leaves of advertisement. The uncommon, and in original binding fairly scarce, first edition of this overlooked masterpiece by one of the most significant Jewish philosophers of the 20th century. The work should rightfully be considered one of the most important philosophical productions of the 20th century and ought to rank with Heidegger's "Sein und Zeit". The work, which Rosenzweig wrote while in the trenches of the First World War, is the attempt to articulate the place of man in Creation. In Rosenzweig's dense prose, various strains come together and are reconciled: Judaism and Christianity, on the one hand, and German idealism and nascent existentialism, on the other.This grandiose synthesis both builds on and distances itself from Rosenzweig´s doctoral dissertation on Hegel´s concept of the state, which still ranks among the most significant 20th century contributions to the literature on Hegel. By its ambition of going beyond the format of academic philosophy to embrace the reality of human existence, Der Stern der Erlösung could be compared to Sein und Zeit, Martin Heidegger's first major work which was published in the same year. And it is exactly the towering influence of Heidegger on 20th century philosophy that has overshadowed Rosenzweig's work, which has, however, only gained in prominence in recent years, especially through the writings of Emmanuel Levinas, on whom Rosenzweig was a major influence."Der Stern der Erlösung" is usually labeled a work of Jewish philosophy, and Rosenzweig is rightly considered along with Emmanuel Levinas and Martin Buber, his close friend and collaborator, as one of the most significant Jewish philosophers of the 20th century. However, his scope and vision transcend parochial boundaries and should, as we develop a more considered perspective on the last century, earn "Der Stern der Erlösung" a place among its most important works of philosophy.

Erfurt, Georg Adam Keyser, 1796. 4to. Bound uncut in a nice recent cardboard-binding with red leather title-label to spine with gilt lettering. Internally two leaves with few black dots (ink?), not affecting text. Fine and clean. 14 pp. Rare first edition of Chladni's work on the longitudinal vibrations of strings and rods. Chladni was the first to reduce the general association between vibration and pitch to a tabular basis, and thus to lay the foundation of the modern science of acoustics. His first results were first reported in New Discoveries in the Theory of Sound, 1787. In the present work, much rare than his 1787-work, Chladni examined the transverse vibrations of bars and strings (the movement of the body particles takes place transversely to the length of the bar or the side) and discovered the longitudinal vibrations and the torsional vibrations. With the help of the longitudinal vibrations he was able to determine the speed at which sound propagates in solid bodies and gases. (His 1787-work: PMM233a; Dibner Heralds of Science 150; Norman 480; Sparrow Milestones of Science 39)

Paris, Ballaine, 1671. 8vo. Two part bound in one contemporary full calf binding with five raised bandes. Wear to extremities. Upper capital chipped, with a bit of loss of leather, showing endbands. Inner front hinge split. Previous owner's name to front free end-paper. Small worm-tract to inner margin, not affecting text. (36), 436, 341 pp. The exceedingly rare first French translation of Lassels‘ travel-guide, considered the first comprehensive guide to Italy it quickly became the most influential English guidebook of its day. The concept of the “Grand Tour” was also first introduced here. Lassels’ asserts that any truly serious student of architecture, antiquity, and the arts must travel through France and Italy, and suggested that all "young lords" make what he referred to as the Grand Tour in order to understand and learn about the political, social and economic realities of the world. “The idea of tourism as self-enriching rather than soul-preserving come truly into vogue between 16th and 18th centuries. The Grand Tour, a term first used in the French translation of a ‘Voyage or a Compleat Journey through Italy’ by Richard Lassels published in 1670, encompassed experience (including sexual), education and exchange of ideas, creating the largest and most independent wandering “academy” – a sort of finishing school – that Western civilization had ever known”. (White, Museum and Heritage Tourism). “The term ‘Grand Tour’ itself first appeared in the French translation of Richard Lassels’ Voyage or a Complete Journey Through Italy, which was published in 1670. This was one of a number of accounts of travel on the Continent, most of which were written by Englishmen, and by the early eighteenth century, there was a steady stream of such publications. The eighteenth century then saw a massive growth in the production of books, newspapers, and other printed material, and this encouraged the development of different types of writing and publishing, including travel accounts. There also emerged travel guides, the most useful of which was probably The Grand Tour containing an Exact Description of most of the Cities, Towns and Remarkable Places of Europe by Mr [Thomas] Nugent, first published in four volumes in 1743, and repeatedly republished. An alternative was The Gentleman’s Pocket Companion for Travelling into Foreign Parts, first published in 1722, which contained a list of useful phrases at the end, but not, perhaps, those which the wellbred young man should employ.” (Kathleen Burk, The Grand Tour of Europe) The most influential English guidebook of the period, conditioning the first impressions of many a tourist to that country. It also provided the basis for subsequent guidebooks . . . The unprecedented attention it paid to art and architecture encouraged the phenomenon of the eighteenth-century style 'grand tour' (a term coined by Lassels) according to which art prevailed over all other subjects, religious or secular" (ODNB). The original English edition was published in 1670. French translations were published it 1671 and 1682. A German translation titled 'Ausführliche Reise-Beschreibung durch Italien' appeared in Frankfurt editions in 1673 and 1696. It was reprinted well into the 1700ies. Provenance: A large Danish estate.

(London), T.B. (Thomas Badger), 1640. Folio. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands and double ruled fillets to boards. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Wear and soiling to extremities, large scratches with loss of leather to boards. Corner with wear and some loss of leather. Inner hinges split. Previous owner's name in contemporary hand to title-page and last leaf. Dampstain to lower outer margin. Small repair to both plates. (10), 32, 39-135, 166-219 pp. + t plates. Wanting the frontispiece. The uncommon first edition the author's first work, being an allegory based on European politics between 1603 and 1640 where the various characters are described as talking trees. The story touches upon the fiasco resulting from James I’s scheme for a Spanish marriage of Prince Charles, and touched upon the Gunpowder Plot, the Overbury murder, the assassination of Buckingham and other recent events. “In this curious work the prominent personalities of the age are represented by the names of plants. How ell's familiarity with fables, particularly with the fable of "borrowed feathers," is shown by the following passage, in which the Ivie is the Pope, Ampelona is France, the Poet Laureat is Petrarch, Petropolis is Rome or the Papal Court, the Vine is the French King (so Howell himself tells us in a key)” (Mckenzie, Some Remarks on a Fable Collection). It was published in English in several editions and was translated into both French and Latin.

London, Taylor & Francis, 1913. 8vo. Original printed wrappers; chipped, backstrip lacks. The whole issue. 200 pp., 2 plates. First edition of Bohr's first work on nuclear physics, published just before his 'On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules'. During his visit to Manchester Bohr had the chance to get a first hand account of Rutherford's investigations on the penetration of alpha-particles through matter. In order to explain the large-angle scattering of alpha rays, which Rutherford had observed, he proposed his "nuclear" model of the atom in contrast to J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model in 1910. Bohr eagerly took up the new model and soon recognized its far-reaching implications. In particular, he pointed out that the nuclear model of the atom implied a sharp separation between the chemical properties, ascribed to the peripherical electrons, and the radioactive properties, which affected the nucleas itself. In this paper the theory of the decrease of velocity of moving electrified particles in passing through matter is given in a form, such that the rate of the decrease in the velocity depends on the frequency of vibration of the electrons in the atoms of the absorbing material. In the conclusion Bohr could state 'that a hydrogen atom contains only 1 electron outside the positively charged nucleas, and that a helium atom only contains 2 electrons outside the nucleas'.Rosenfeld, Bohr Bibliography No. 5. Rosenfeld, Dictionary of Scientific Biography II, pp. 240-41.

Leipzig, M.G. Weidmanns Erben und Reich, 1779 - 1780. 4to. Three first volumes (out of five) bound in one contemporary full calf with four raised bands and gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. All edges coloured in red. Traces from old paper-label to spine. Light miscolouring to boards and parts of the gilt ornamentation worn off. Internally with light occassional foxing, but generally nice and clean. XIV, 230, (2), IV, 200, (2), (2), IV, 251, (5) pp. + 6 engraved plates and numerous engravings in text. First three volumes of the beautiful and richly illustrated 4to-edition of Hirschfeld's popular gardening manual, first published in octavo in 1775. Considered one of the most important gardening books of the 18th century, it was crucial for the new movement of landscape gardening in the English style. The Kiel philosophy professor Hirschfeld referred to himself as the first theoretician in the field of garden art in Germany. His ideal garden is exclusively devoted to nature, rejecting the rigidity of the French garden and the baroque opulence of the Italian 'Giardini'. Christian Cay Lorenz Hirschfeld (1742-1792), a key figure in the Romantic garden movement, was deeply influenced by his time in Switzerland. His stay in Bern (1765-1767) exposed him to the region’s natural beauty and landscapes. Hirschfeld's ideas, shaped by the picturesque Swiss scenery, contributed to the spread of the English landscape garden style across Europe.(Graesse III, 286 - the original 8vo-edition).

New York, McGraw-Hill, 1950. 8vo. In the original full cloth with the original dust-jacket. Dust-jacket with light miscolouring to spine and and a tear to capitals. Small tear to upper part of the back to dust-jacket. A very fine and clean copy. XIII, (1), 451 pp. First edition in the rare original dust-jacket of the first textbook on digital computers. It constitutes "the first genuine textbook on computing techniques and computer hardware, was a pioneering book that influenced both American and foreign computer developments." (Tomash-Erwin E14). "The first treatise on how to build an electronic digital computer" (OOC)"High-Speed Computing Devices was written to satisfy a perceived need, following the end of World War II, for a compendium of technologies applicable to the emerging field of the electronic digital computer. Because published technical information was scarce in the US, there can be little question that the book was an important contribution to the computer literature of the 1950s. For today's student of computer history, whether a professional historian or a history buff, the book, with its state-of-the-art picture of the period 1947 through 1949, establishes a well-documented baseline for tracking and evaluating subsequent technological progress" (A.A. Cohen, "Introduction", Charles Babbage Institute Reprint Series Edition of the ERA Report, 1983)."It provides the best picture of the state of the industry in its infancy. Ostensibly written as a report to the Office of Naval Research, the work was really undertaken on behalf of the Naval cryptographic establishment. Engineering Research Associates, ERA, was a group formed primarily from demobilized World War II naval cryptographers. It presents a discussion of the mechanical and electrical (both analog and digital) devices that could be usefully incorporated into computing machines. Although it does not survey the computer projects then underway, it does occasionally discuss individual machines in the context of integrating devices into complete systems. Engineering Research Associates (ERA) later became a division of Remington Rand and then of Sperry Rand." (Tomash-Erwin E14)Tomash-Erwin E14.Origins of Cyberspace 584.

Randers Elmenhoff, 1827. Indb. i fire næsten samt. ensartede brune hldrbd. m. røde forgyldte skindtitler på rygge og forgyldte tomefelter. M. titelblade og indholdsfortegnelser til alle fire bind. Titelbl. i bd. 1 m. hul, der går ud over bogstaverne "lme" i Elmenhoff, beskåret og repareret i margin. Indholdsfortegnelsen beskåret, repareret, opklæbet og m. mindre tab; første hæfte af bd. 1 ellers blot lidt tæt beskåret og brunplettet. De første tre blade af bd. 2 m. revne f.n., uden tab af tekst. Bd. 2 lettere brunplettet. De to hæfter af bind 3 i noget nydeligere stand, indb. m. begge orig. for- (August + September) og begge orig. bagosml. (m. indholdsfortegnelse til pågældende hæfte), omsl. dog noget nussede. Bd. 4 også i noget nydeligere stand, indb. m. de orig. foromsl. til alle tre hæfter (October, November + December) og de orig. bagomsl. til de to første hæfter (m. indholdsfortegnelse til det pågældende hæfte). Verso af sidste side m. "Rettelser til Nordlysetes 6 sidste Hæfter for 1827". De sjældne originaludgaver af 9 af de 12 hæfter, der kom i første årgang af Blichers berømmede tidsskrift "Nordlyset". Af den første årgang er kommet 4 bind med 3 hæfter i hvert. I alt udkom 12 bind med 3 hæfter i hvert fra 1827 til 1829. Langt størstedelen af bidragene er af Blicher selv, bl.a. findes hér nogle af hans mest berømte og skattede værker, såsom "Røverstuen" (2. bind, 3. hæfte), de første 4 samt 6. og sidste del af "Præsten af Wakefield" (2. bind, 1.,2. og 3. hæfte + 3. bind, 2. og 3. hæfte), samt det sjældne indlednings- og programdigt "Nordlyset" (naturligvis 1. bind, 1. hæfte).Bertelsen 12.Det er klart, at "Nordlyset" var mere end blot et tidsskrift, der skulle foreligge som det sekundære valg til Elmquists "Læsefrugter", som Blicher nyligt havde valgt ikke at bidrage til længere, da han ikke fik forhøjet betaling. "Nordlyset" skulle være et konkurrencedygtigt tidsskrift, og det skulle tiltrække læsere. Det er således morsomt at se, hvilken type læsere, Blicher henvender sig til i den første årgang af tidsskiftet (Indhold af den første hæfte: Nordlyset - Fruentimmerhaderen - Aline - Femten Fangers Flugt af Revolutionsfængslerne i Lyon - Scener af Bastillen - Den pavelige Soldat - Pierre la Grand, den første Flibustier - En Aftenunderholdning paa Dagbjerg Dos - Robin Hood - Baggesen); "Her var dog noget for enhver Smag, men især var der noget for Fruentimmernes Smag - for at tale i den Tids Sprog. "Fruentimmerhaderen" var i Virkeligheden en genial Titel, set fra et Reklamesynspunkt, thi det turde have været ligesaa uomtvistelig Kendgerning i 1827 som 90 Aar senere, at Kvinderne interesserer sig mindst ligesaa meget for de Mandfolk, der ikke kan lide dem, som for dem, der elsker dem." (Sørensen, Nordlys-Perioden i Blichers Digtning, p. 97).Tidsskriftet får da også ganske god medvind, og det er heri, vi finder nogle af Blichers vigtigste noveller. Det er nok også gennem dette tiddskrift, at man ser Blicher modnes til den ypperlige forfatter, vi kender ham som i dag. Gennem dette tidsskrift følger vi Blichers eksperimenteren med forskellige genrer og stilarter.

1926. Royal8vo. Author's presentation offprint with the printed presentation statement on top of frontwrapper "Überreicht von den Verfassern" [i.e. "Given by the authors"]. Original printed wrappers. Front wrapper loose, but fully intact. "Chilpp 202" and "Recdese 160" written in hand to top of front wrapper. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 334-351. First edition, in the scarce author's presentation offprint issue, of this important paper, which contains Einstein's theories on wave-particle duality and German physicist Rupp's work on the same subject, seemingly to corroborating Einstein's theories. Rupp's experimental results later turned out to have been falsifications, and today he is mainly known as the protagonist in one of the biggest scandals in physics in the 20th century.Rupp published a number of papers on the interference properties of light emitted by canal ray sources. These articles, particularly the present that came into being in close collaboration with Albert Einstein, attracted quite a lot of attention, as they probed the wave versus particle nature of light. They also significantly propelled Rupp's career, even though they were considered highly controversial to begin with.In April 1926, Albert Einstein proposed to Emil Rupp to carry out two experiments that were to prove the wave nature of light versus the particle nature of light: the so-called 'Wire Grid Experiment' and the 'Rotated Mirror Experiment', experiments that Einstein had worked on theoretically and now would like to gain confirmation of through experiments. Rupp, at the time regarded as one of the most important and most competent experimental physicists, gladly took up the challenge. Rupp's observations - though highly controversial - confirmed Einstein's theory. Due to the surprising outcome of the experiments, Einstein was interested in exactly how it they were conducted, as Rupp's initial descriptions did not convince him that the results were feasible."Rupp stood by his observations and suggested yet other circumstances that might explain them. Did Einstein now realize that there was something rather dubious about Rupp's work? He had seen him change his data repeatedly-and each time in better accordance with his own criticism, and on one occasion in no less than two days. He had had to accept that Rupp claimed to earlier have "unknowingly" or "unconsciously" rotated a mirror, and he will likely have seen that Rupp's work was highly controversial amongst experimentalists, leading to very public criticism in Die Naturwissenschaften. He himself was now also convinced that, in fact, Rupp's results were incomprehensible. So, did Einstein choose to suspend the publication of Rupp's piece, so that an additional round of checks and balances could take place? The answer is no: Rupp's paper was presented by Einstein to the Prussian Academy in a session on 21 October 1926, and it appeared in print in the Academy's proceedings in November of 1926-the articles by Einstein and Rupp came out back to back, and reprints circulated with both papers bound together, with a joint cover page that displayed both titles. Einstein referred in his article to Rupp's claims and he had even written the abstract of Rupp's paper" (Dongen: "Emil Rupp, Albert Einstein and the Canal Ray Experiments on Wave-Particle").The first clear indication that Rupp's work was impossible to recreate came in 1930 in a paper published by Staub - nothing was wrong with Einstein's theory but Rupp's work was simply impossible: "Rupp immediately set out to respond to Straub's publication. On 12 July 1930 he sent a first draft to Einstein, to whom he also announced his intention of redoing his canal ray experiments-Straub was dismissed as a clumsy graduate student with a lousy apparatus. Einstein suggested inviting Straub once Rupp had his experiment up and running again, but cautioned him not to engage the polemic in too sharp a tone". Rupp managed to convince the physics society and continued to publish the new few years. In 1934 various different physicians pointed out that Rupp's work was impossible to recreate, and in 1935 the final blow to Rupp's career came about, when the German Physical Society's decided not to allow any citations of Rupp's work. This seems to have had very severe consequences, as today it is almost impossible to find any quotations - or even mentioning of Rupp in general, let alone his fraud - in any historical studies of either quantum theory or of Einstein.Despite the unquestionable fraud by Rupp, his experiments and collaboration with Einstein might have had a positive influence on the further progression to quantum mechanics. The two present papers became of seminal importance in the discussions between Bohr and Heisenberg, which eventually in 1927 resulted in Heisenberg publishing his landmark thesis on the uncertainty principle. When Max Born received the Nobel Prize in physics he stated that: "An idea of Einstein gave me the lead [From the present paper]. He had tried to make the duality of particles-light quanta or photons-and waves comprehensible by interpreting the square of the optical wave amplitudes as probability density for the occurrence of photons."Boni 160; Weil 153.

Paris, Crochard, 1832. Contemp. hcalf., gilt spine, light wear along edges. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago.", tome 50, Series 2. (Entire volume offered). 448 pp. 2 folded engraved plates. Faraday's papers: pp. 5-67 a. pp. 113-162. First French editions of the 2 first memoirs of Faradays groundbreaking researches on electricity, constituting the first 2 papers of his "Experimental Researches in Electricity", and containing his fundamental discovery of electromagnetic induction, THE FOUNDATION OF NEARLY ALL THE ELECTRICITY IN USE TODAY. In 1820 Oersted had generated magnetism from electricity, Faraday here finds the opposite effect, generating electricity by magnetism. He also described the first electrical generator (second paper). THESE PAPERS ARE SOME OF THE GREAT CLASSICS OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS."Faraday demonstrated this theory involving the lines of force....by inserting a magnet into a coil of wire attached to a galvanometer. While the magnet was being inserted or removd, current flowed through the wire. If the magnet was held stationary and the coil moved over it one way or the other, there was current in the wire. In either case the magnetic lines of force about the magnet were cut by the wire.If the magnet and coil were both held motionless, whether the magnet was within the coil or not, there was no current...Faraday hd thus discovered electricalinduction...It was to lead to great things, but this was not apparent."(Asimov)."Although his discovery of the electric motor and the dynamo was almost entirely identical to his theoretical discoveries, it laid the foundation of the modern electrical industry - electric light and power, teælephony, wireless telegraphy, televison etc. - by providing for the production of continous mechanical motion from an electrical source, and vice versa." (PMM, 308).Horblit, 29 - Milestones, 62. - Dibner, 64. - PMM, 308.

Kjøbenhavn, J. H. Schubothe, 1880. 8vo. Indbundet i et smukt samtidigt halvlæderbind med rygforgyldning og forgyldt rygtitelfelt. Fire ophøjede bind på ryg. Små rifter i ryg, samt en smule slid ved kapitæler og kanter. Hjørner stødte. Bogblok en smule skæv. Med egenhændig dedikation fra Bang til på smudstitelbladet: "Tante Jette / fra / Herman / d: 27.11.80." Ren indvendig. 601,(1) pp. Nydeligt eksemplar af den særdeles sjældne originaludgave af Bangs hovedværk, her med dedikation til 'Tante Jette'. Tante Jette, Henriette Mynster (1823-1894), var gift med Frederik Joachim Mynster, søn af biskop J. P. Mynster. Eksemplaret er sendt til 'Jette' på udgivelsesdagen, 27. november 1880. Kort derefter blev romanen beslaglagt: "Det hed, at Straffelovens § 184 blev anvendt paa "en Roman, der vel ikke kunde siges at være skreven med et utugtigt Formaal for Øje, men dog indeholdt en uforblommet Fremstilling af Handlinger, sigtende til sandselig Attraas Opvækkelse og Tilfredsstillelse." (Iversen, p. 31).

Paris, Michel Lévy Frères, 1863. Royal 8vo. Bound in a very nice contemporary red half calf with five raised bands to spine, blindstamped borders to compartments and gilt title. Light occassional brownspotting, but overall a very nice, clean and tight copy, in- as well as externally. With the half-title present ("Histoire des Origines du Christianisme. Livre premier"). (4), LIX, (1), 462 pp. + (1) leaf (colophon). True first edition of this seminal classic on the life of Jesus, which caused an immediate scandal when it appeared - Renan's masterpiece, which constitudes the first attempt to write a biography of Jesus the man and strongly puts forth the notion that the Bible too can be subject to historical investigation and critical scrutiny. The work enraged the Roman Catholic Church but was an immediate success in most of Europe. "In six months sixty thousand copies of the French edition had been sold and edition succeeded edition. Renan regarded the book as the first of a series on the "Origins of Christianity", which he continued with "The Apostles" (1866), "Saint Paul" (1869), "The Anti-Christ" (1873), "The Gospels" (1877), "The Christian Church" (1879) and "Marcus Aurelius" (1881) but none of these emulated the success of the "Life of Jesus"... Immediate success was partly a "succès de scandale" but this would not have kept the book alive. It is Renan's approach to the subject and his beautiful prose that gave it lasting eminence." (PMM 352). This groundbreaking work analyses the personality of the man Jesus, -a figure created by Renan out of his mind but based on historical sources. "It is a pastoral idyll with the central figure a gentle, albeit oracular visionary, his power to work miracles a part of his unique personality -the son of man, but not the Son of God... In this great work it seems clear that the audience he has found was the one he sought: the general reading public rather than the limited coterie of scholars; and there is no doubt of the fact or the degree of his success." (PMM 352). "C'est le livre plus célèbre d'Ernest Renan (1823-1892) et le premier volume de l'Hisoire des origines du Christianisme"... on peut considérer cette "Vie de Jésus" comme une oeuvre de vulgarisation: l'auteur cherche à déterminer ce qui, au point de vue "scientifique", est de créance dans la vie du Nazaréen?" (Laffont-Bompiani IV:681). Apart from causing a world-wide scandal, the work was also a world-wide success, and no matter how many harsh words can be said about the historical and religious contents of the work, there is no doubt about the fact that it influenced the destiny of Catholocism decisively and that it is a masterpiece of 19th century French literature. It is very elegantly written and is renowned for its description of the historical setting, charming descriptions of sceneries, its penetrating psychological analysis and its overall style and class. "Il faut ajouter que la "Vie de Jésus" compte au nombre des livres les mieux écrits de son temps; le charme de la peinture des paysages, le pittoresque géneralement exact des évocations historiques, l'analyse pénétrante de l'âme des personnages, des seductions du style enfin, n'ont pas été pour rien dans le succès universel de cette oeuvre." (Laffont-Bompiani IV:681). Ernest Renan (1823-1892) was a French philologist, philosopher and historian. His father died when he was aged five, and his mother wanted him to become a priest. Until he was about 16 years old, he was trained by the Church, but due to his investigative and truth-seeking nature as well as his studies (e.g. Hebrew), he was in doubt as to the historical truth of the Scriptures, and with the help of his sister he chose his own path in life. "He studied intensively the languages of the Bible and filled a number of minor academic positions, frequently encountering difficulties because of the heterodoxy and outspokenness of his religious opinions." (Printing and the Mind of Man 352). In 1840 he began studying philosophy and later philology, in 1847 he took his degree as Agrégé de Philosophie and became master at the Lycée of Vendome. After having returned from a mission to Italy in the year 1850 where he gathered material for his historical-philosophical masterpiece, "Averroës et l'Averroisme", he was offered employment at the "Bibliothèque Nationale" (at the manuscript department). In 1861 he was chosen to become professor of Hebrew at the Collège de France, but because the emperor refused to ratify the appointment (inspired by the Clerical party), he was not established in the chair untill 1870. In 1878 he was elected for the Academy. Renan is considered a scolar of the greatest excellence and an impressive writer.

London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1823. 8vo. Bound in 2 beautifull contemp., well-preserved full longgrained green morocco.. Richly gilt spines, gilt lettering, gilt borders on covers, edges of boards gilt, marbled edges. 2 engraved and handcoloured frontispieces (aquatint views). XVI,382;VII,448 pp., 2 aquatint plates handcoloured, 3 plates in woodcut, many textillustr. (4 in full page). Printed on good paper. Clean and fine. A near mint copy. First edition. "These 'Travels', undertaken for geological study, yet full of humour and personal detail, caused a theological attack by Dr. Pye Smith." (DNB). - Tooley: 75. - Abbey, Travel no. 56.

Baltimore, The William & Wilkind Company, 1934 - 2002. Royal8vo. Volume 1-21 + 32 in green half cloth, volume 33-36 in beige half cloth, volume 49-57 in orange half cloth, volume 58-65 in blue full cloth, volume 66-69 in white cloth. All volumes with gilt lettering to spine and small paper label pasted on to back board. Small stamp to title pages. A fine set which consists of the following volumes: 1-21, 32, 32-69. 59 volumes in total. Since its inception in 1934, Philosophy of Science, along with its sponsoring society, the Philosophy of Science Association, has been dedicated to the furthering of studies and free discussion from diverse standpoints in the philosophy of science.

Kiøbenhavn (Copenhagen), C.F. Holm, 1786. 8vo. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Double line gilt boarders of boards. Light wear to extremities, scratches to boards and light miscolouring to spine. Light occassional marginal brownspotting. Deaccession-stamp to title page. Overall a nice copy. XVI, 414 pp. + 7 folded engraved plates. First edition of Mohr’s important work on the economy and natural history of Iceland. “In 1780, the Faeroese naturalist, Nicolai Mohr (1742-90) was sent to Iceland specifically to investigate some of Olavius’ discoveries, such as graphite in Siglufjördur in the North which, it was believed, might be of economic significance. Mohr spent two summers in Iceland and travelled around the northern and eastern parts. He later wrote a book (the present) about his travels. MPhr concentrates on the economy and natural history of Iceland, but his book is written in the form of a travelogue, and his observations on all that he saw helped to build up a picture of conditions in Iceland at the time” (Caseldine, Iceland – Modern Processes and past Environments).

London, Chez de Bure l'aîne, 1754. Small 8vo. 2 cont. full mottled calf, richly gilt backs, tome-and titlelabels in leather, gilt. Very slightly rubbed. Fine. 2 halftitles. (2),VI,345;(4),335,(1) pp. Old owners name on titles, 1 leaf with a tear, repaired without loss. A few minor brownspots, fine and clean. Rare first edition of Condillac's main work. Condillac's philosophy of science was considered the most authoritative reading of Newtonian methodology. Among many others Lavoicier and other protagonists of the chemical revolution were influenced by his reform of nomenclature, as were and are botanists, zoologists and geometrics by his scientific explanations. His psychological empiricism is now considered the first positivist account of science.Condillac was one of the greatest French philosophers of the Enlightenment. He was friends with Rousseau and Diderot and was a forerunner in the junction between epistemology and philosophy, which was inspired by Locke and Newton, as the two sciences almost merged into one in this period. "Condillac contibuted to the synthesis more decisively than did any other writer." (D.S.B. III:380).In this his main and most important work Condillac shows how more complicated functions of the soul arise from the combination and counter-effects of the sensations. According to his highly influential theory, all thought is derived from sense-perception, by placing sensations in a certain order with the help of language and mathematical signs.His "philosophy of science as language occupies a midpoint in the evolution of scientific epistemology between the empiricism of Locke and the positivism of Comte." (D.S.B. III:380).Condillac viewed language as the analyst of experience and in this work puts forth his idea that effective knowledge is derived from the mind's ability to invent and manipulate symbols of uniform and determinate significance. He approached all problems genetically and adduced the acquisition of language by regarding a baby. "(I)n the most comprehensive of his works, the "Traité des sensations", he sets out, faithful to his genetic approach, to trace in principle the process by which a being organized with the capacity of becoming human learns to avail itself of the several senses with which it is provided." (D.S.B. III:381).

Amsterdam, George Gallet, 1700. 8vo. Three volumes uniformly bound in two contemporary full calf bindings with three raised bands. Spine miscoloured and with a few small holes. Ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Worm-tract affecting vol. 1. Occassionally closely trimmed, with a bit of loss to margins. Text-leaves brownspotted, plates fine and clean. (10), 238, (2) pp. + frontispiece, engraved half-title and 79 plates (on 64 leaves); (2), 254, (2) pp. engraved half title and 51 plates (on 42 leaves). (2), 270, (2) pp. Engraved half-title and 22 plates. First French translation of Goegaert’s early work on entomology being the first to write on the insects of the Netherlands and Europe, based on his own observations and experiments. For the first time, insects are represented using the intaglio technique. He carefully observed of all phases of insect growth, from larva to adult through the stage of metamorphosiscontaining detailed illustrations of insects at various stages of their life cycles, along with descriptions of their behavior and habitats: "The first basic work on entomolgy (…) The insects depicted were given characteristic and often witty names by Goedaert." (Landwehr S. 93). Johannes Goedaert, also known as Jan Goedaert, was a Dutch Golden Age painter and naturalist, born around 1617 in Middelburg, Netherlands, and died around 1668. He is primarily remembered for his work in the field of natural history, particularly his illustrations of insects. Goedaert was one of the first naturalists to study and depict insects in their natural habitats. His most famous work is "Metamorphosis Naturalis," published posthumously in 1662. This book contained detailed illustrations of insects at various stages of their life cycles, along with descriptions of their behavior and habitats. His observations were made without the aid of a microscope, which was a remarkable feat for the time. Goedaert's contributions to the study of insects helped lay the foundation for future research in entomology. Although he was not widely recognized during his lifetime and his work has gained appreciation in later centuries for its scientific accuracy and artistic merit. Three variants of this French translation appeared in 1700; One stating Amsterdam, one stating La Haye and one without year - no priority has been established. Nissen 1604Brunet II, 1642