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(Paris, Lemercier, 1853-66). Folio. (49x40 cm.). Indbundet i et velbevaret samtidigt hldrbd., bred ryg of store hjørner. Ophøjede bind på ryggen. Rygforgyldning. Den forgyldte rygtitel: "C.J. Billmark. Aquarell-Lithographier". Der foreligger ikke noget titeblad. Indeholder 30 smukke farvelitografier af Billmark, (Imp. Lemercier, Paris). Nogle spredte brunpletter i marginer, 2 af plancerne fra Upsala med lidt flere brunpletter, men også marginale. Stockholm-plancherne i fin stand. Samlingen indeholder GRIPSHOLM (exteriører og interiører) 12 farvelitograferede plancher - UPSALA OCH SIGTUNA, 12 farvelitograferede plancher (1. Uppsala (prospekt). 2. Chorsidan af Domkyrkan, Uppsala. 3. Domkyrkans södera sidoport. Uppsala. 4. Domkyrkans nörra sidoport, Upsala. 5. Domkyrkan från norra sidan, Uppsala. 6. Domkyrkans stora skepp, Upsala. 7. Konung Gustaf I:s grafvård, Upsala. 8. Domkyrkans tvärskepp, Upsala. 9. Gamla Upsala högar (prospekt). 10. Sigtuna (prospekt). 11. Sankt Lars, Sigtuna. 12. Sankt Olof, Sigtuna. 12.) - STOCKHOLM, 6 farvelitograferede plancher. (1.Yttre Borggården, Stockholm. 2. Norrbro, Stockholm (prospekt). 3. Mynttorget, Stockholm (prospekt). 4. Skeppsbron, Stockholm (prospekt). 5. Storkyrkobrinken, Gusraf Wasas Staty, Stockholm (prospekt). 6. Carl Johans Torg, Stockholm (prospekt).

Leiden, Joannis Maire, 1653 - Amsterdam, Ioannes Blaeu, 1650. 4to. One contemp. full vellum. Contemp. handwritten titles (weak) to spine. First title in red/black with large engraved titlevignette. (8),154,(1) pp. (Ars Historica 1653) - (16),94,(14) pp. (Grammatistice etc. 1650) - (8),83,(15) pp. (De Philologia, 1650) - (16),467,(33) pp. (De Universae Mathesios..., 1650). Fine and clean. First edition of "De Qvattuor Artibus..." (which includes "De Universae Mathesios" with separate titlepage) and second edition of "Ars Historica"The mathematical work: Poggendorff II, 1235. "de Mathesios.": "According to prof. Cantor, (it) is the first history of mathematics in its widest sense". Honeyman Coll., 3081.

Paris, Michel Lévy Frères, 1863. 8vo. Orig. green hcloth w. gilt spine. Upper back hinge cracked and spine a bit crooked. Corners a bit bumped. A very nice copy w. only occasional minor brownspotting. Old owner's inscription to title-page. W. half-title ("Histoire des Origines du Christianisme. Livre premier"). (4), LIX, (1), 462, (2) pp. True first edition of this seminal classic on the life of Jesus, which caused an immediate scandal when it appeared. Renan's masterpiece, which constitutes the first attempt to write a biography of Jesus the man and strongly puts forth the notion that the Bible too can be subject to historical investigation and critical scrutiny. The work enraged the Roman Catholic Church but was an immediate success in most of Europe. "In six months sixty thousand copies of the French edition had been sold and edition succeeded edition. Renan regarded the book as the first of a series on the "Origins of Christianity", which he continued with "The Apostles" (1866), "Saint Paul" (1869), "The Anti-Christ" (1873), "The Gospels" (1877), "The Christian Church" (1879) and "Marcus Aurelius" (1881) but none of these emulated the success of the "Life of Jesus"... Immediate success was partly a "succès de scandale" but this would not have kept the book alive. It is Renan's approach to the subject and his beautiful prose that gave it lasting eminence." (PMM 352). This groundbreaking work analyses the personality of the man Jesus, -a figure created by Renan out of his mind, but based on historical sources. "It is a pastoral idyll with the central figure a gentle, albeit oracular visionary, his power to work miracles a part of his unique personality -the son of man, but not the Son of God... In this great work it seems clear that the audience he has found was the one he sought: the general reading public rather than the limited coterie of scholars; and there is no doubt of the fact or the degree of his success." (PMM 352). "C'est le livre plus célèbre d'Ernest Renan (1823-1892) et le premier volume de l'Hisoire des origines du Christianisme"... on peut considérer cette "Vie de Jésus" comme une oeuvre de vulgarisation: l'auteur cherche à déterminer ce qui, au point de vue "scientifique", est de créance dans la vie du Nazaréen?" (Laffont-Bompiani IV:681). Apart from causing a world-wide scandal, the work was also a world-wide success, and no matter how many harsh words can be said about the historical and religious contents of the work, there is no doubt about the fact that it influenced the destiny of Catholicism decisively and that it is a masterpiece of 19th century French literature. It is very elegantly written and is renowned for its description of the historical setting, charming descriptions of sceneries, its penetrating psychological analysis and its overall style and class. "Il faut ajouter que la "Vie de Jésus" compte au nombre des livres les mieux écrits de son temps; le charme de la peinture des paysages, le pittoresque géneralement exact des évocations historiques, l'analyse pénétrante de l'âme des personnages, des seductions du style enfin, n'ont pas été pour rien dans le succès universel de cette oeuvre." (Laffont-Bompiani IV:681). Ernest Renan (1823-1892) was a French philologist, philosopher and historian. His father died when he was aged five, and his mother wanted him to become a priest. Until he was about 16 years old, he was trained by the Church, but due to his investigative and truth-seeking nature as well as his studies (e.g. Hebrew), he was in doubt as to the historical truth of the Scriptures, and with the help of his sister he chose his own path in life. "He studied intensively the languages of the Bible and filled a number of minor academic positions, frequently encountering difficulties because of the heterodoxy and outspokenness of his religious opinions." (Printing and the Mind of Man 352). In 1840 he began studying philosophy and later philology, in 1847 he took his degree as Agrégé de Philosophie and became master at the Lycée of Vendome. After having returned from a mission to Italy in the year 1850 where he gathered material for his historical-philosophical masterpiece, "Averroës et l'Averroisme", he was offered employment at the "Bibliothèque Nationale" (at the manuscript department). In 1861 he was chosen to become professor of Hebrew at the Collège de France, but because the emperor refused to ratify the appointment (inspired by the Clerical party), he was not established in the chair untill 1870. In 1878 he was elected for the Academy. Renan is considered a scholar of the greatest excellence and an impressive writer.

Undated, around 1836. 1 leaf 8vo. on light-blue paper. 16 lines and signed "Tout á vous et de coeur/ Charles Nodier" The letter seems to deal with Alexander Dumas' novel "Voyages de Gabriel Payot". On verso of the letter is transscribed in Nodier's hand "Monsieur Alexandre Dumas,/ cour d'Orleans No 3./ Paris". Marks after folding. Faint scattered brownspots.

London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. Title-page of vol. 157 pasted on to front wrapper. A fine copy. Pp. 49-88. First appearance of this seminal paper (in its full version from "Transactions"), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final "Theory of Gases" and introduces the "Maxwell Distribution" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be SOME OF THE GREATEST ADVANCES IN PHYSICS OF ALL TIMES. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt; but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.

Paris, Bossange Frères, 1823. 8vo. Completely uncut in the original printed wrappers. A bit of wear to spine and extremities, and internally a bit of light brownspotting, but overall a very nice copy in the rare and fragile original wrappers. VIII, 318 pp. The very rare first edition of the first French translation of the seminal main work by the co-founder of classical economics (together with Ricardo) and a main popularizer of utilitarianism James Mill. The work is considered the first textbook of Ricardian economics as well as the first popular exposition of the principles of classical economics. As such the work, and the important translations of it into the other main languages of Europe - French and German -, came to exercise a profound influence on later economis.The work originally appeared in English in 1821, and apart from the first edition, the present first French translation constitutes the most important edition of the work. "In Elements of Political Economy, James Mill describes his ideas (in the Schumpeterean sense) using economic thought and economic analysis. He uses examples of the Industrial Revolution (industry) and the agricultural industry surrounding England. The utilitarian economist, father of John Stewart Mill, discusses his theory of velocity of circulation of money, the interest from capital as the result of wages of labor (against Ricardian theory), and many other economic principles. James Mill historically writes "the aggregate of commodities, taken all together, there is neither fall nor rise" an issue later paraphrased by Karl Marx in his Das Kapital." (Review - from the 1999-edition of the work)."James Mill, (1773 - 1836), Scottish philosopher, historian, and economist. He was prominent as a representative of philosophical radicalism, a school of thought also known as Utilitarianism, which emphasized the need for a scientific basis for philosophy as well as a humanist approach to politics and economics. His eldest son was the celebrated Utilitarian thinker John Stuart Mill.... His Elements of Political Economy (1821), an especially precise and lucid work, summarizes the views of the philosophical radicals..." (British Encycl.).

Berlin, Haude und Spener, 1811-12. Small 8vo. Bound in 3 uniform contemp. marbled boards. Handwritten titlelabels on spines. Corners a bit bumped. A small stamp on title-pages. Engraved portrait as frontispiece. XLII,450,10;(2),294;(2),269 pp. + Publisher's Prospectus (8) pp. With 3 frontispieces of which 2 are handcoloured, 10 double-page folded engraved plates (of 11) and 1 large folded engraved map. Printed on good paper. Internally clean and fine. First edition published in Germany including two Langsdorff items not present in all copies. Grigory Langsdorff was a naturalist and physician on Kruzenshtern's voyage. The work includes view of Nagasaki Harbour, one of the earliest views of Japan published in the west as well as views of Nukahiva, Japan, Macao, Canton, St Helena and St Catherine, Brazil.Two extra piece was added by the publisher in the form of the Nachricht by Langsdorff on the practice of tattooing in Nuku Hiva and the Washington islands, including a small woodcut showing the instruments used and finally a Prospectus by Langsdorff and his publisher for the German publication of his Bemerkungen.Arctic Bib. 9378AForbes 421.Lada-Mocarski 61 and 62 (St. Peterburg-edition)

(London: Alexander Strahan and Company, 1868). 8vo. Without wrappers (as issued). Offprint, seperatly paginated, from "Fortnightly Review 1", Pp. 435-42. Author's presentation inscription to top of front wrapper: "Prof Tyndall / With the author's / kind Compliments". Soiling to front wrappers and nicks throughout, not affecting text. Internally clean. Pp. 8. First edition, offprint, with the author's presentation inscription to Professor John Tyndall - the father of the Greenhouse Effect, heat radiation and global climate research - of this important paper, in which Herschel promotes the role of the devine in the natural order. Herschel, now famous for originating the use of the Julian day system in astronomy, naming seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus, his investigation in colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays, did much to promote the public understanding of science . The present paper constitutes one of his most widely read and popular works. "During his life John was immensely celebrated, his name epitomizing science to the public, much as that of Einstein did in the next century." (DSB)Though intended for a popular audience "On the Origin of Force" is one of the most important sources for understanding Herschel's general approach to science. A contemporary review of the paper states: "The article is well worth reading for those who wish to realise the enormous benefit which has been rendered to science by banishing the indefinite uee of the word force and by introducing the term energy, restricting the use of force to the meaning attached to it by Newton. Sir John Herschel still speaks of the "conservation of force" (as did likewise Helmholtz, who, however, very early introduces the term Arheitskraft, power to do work, thus removing all ambiguity).Herschel and Tyndall corresponded throughout their mature lives and they shared an overall view on God's place in science. "In the only case in which we are admitted into any personal knowledge of the origin of force, we find it connected (possibly by intermediate links untraceable by our faculties, but yet indubitably connected) with volition, and by inevitable consequence with motive, with intellect, and with all the attributes of mind in which-and not in the possession of arms, legs, brains, and viscera-personality consists." (Herschel, rrom the present paper). Tyndall agreed in stating that: "An inscrutable power of which we know no more than job did, when he said, 'Can man by searching find this power out?'. (Tyndall's "Belfast Address").

London, Printed for John Clark and Richard Hett, 1725. Small 8vo. Cont. full calf, expertly rebacked in old style w. five raised bands on back and gilt leather title-label. Some scratches to boeards and some bumbing to corners. (2), VI, (8, -table of contents + books published by the same author), 534 (2, -advertisements, i.e. errata) pp. First edition of Watt's standard text book of philosophical logic, which was used as the basic introduction to this field for more than 100 years at Oxford University, also occupying the place as the standard text on logic at Cambridge, Harvard and Yale throughout the 18th century and well into the 19th. Isaac Watts (1674-1748) is considered the father of English hymnody and is considered one of the most important hymn-writerS ever in Great Britain. But Watts was not only a hymn-writer, he was also a renowned logician and theologian, and today he is primarily famous within these fields as the author of his text book in logic, "Logick..." from 1725, which became hugely popular and served as a standard introduction to the field for more than 100 years. The work went through twenty editions, bearing witness to its great popularity.The work is arranged systematically and divided into four general parts: 1. Of Perceptions and Ideas, II. Of Judgment and Proposition, III. Of Reason and Syllogism, IV. Of Method. The work not merely served as a basic text book for beginners of logic, though, it also contains new ideas and new approaches to old problems. The influence of Watts' contemporary John Locke is especially noticeable with many references to his "Essay on Humane Understanding". But a thing that distinguishes Watts' Logic from others of the time, and perhaps the reason why it became so hugely popular, is his constant focus on the practicability of logic instead of the merely speculative approach to it, which again made his logic useful in connection with general problems of philosophy and science. Unusual for his time, Watts here distinguishes between the practical and the speculative part of logic and treats of both parts, anticipating later logicians such as Peirce. C.S. Peirce also described Watts' "Logick" as being "far superior to the treatises now used in colleges, being the production of a man distinguished for good sense" (see The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vol.II, 1933).

Amsterdam, Marc-Michel Rey, 1766. Small 8vo. 2 contemp. full mottled calf. Raised bands, richly gilt spines, title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. Light wear to top of spines. Stamp on foot of title-pages. X,(2),388;IV,207,(25) pp. and 1 large folded engraved map. A few marginal brownspots. First French edition of Mueller's "Nachrichten von Scoreisen, und zur See gemachten Entdeckungen, die von Ruszland aus laengstden Kuesten des Eiszmeeres und auf dem oestlichen Weltmeere gegen Japon und Amerika geschehen sind.", 1758. "It contains the original account of Captain Behring's Polar Expedition, and discovery of the strait which bears his name, and the western limits of North America. taken from the third volume of Müller's "Sammlung Russischer geschichte"... Since the rapid development of British Columbia and Alaska this importent book is becoming indispensably for the history of discovery and exploration in the Northern Pacific."(Sabin, 51286).

Kiøbenhavn, 1807-25. Small 8vo. Bound in 9 contemporary brown half calf bindings with richly gilt spines. Bindings with some wear, especially capitals and corners. Vol. 2 with part of spine glued back on. Some brownspotting. No engraving in vol. one (as otherwise mentioned on the title-page). Scarce complete run of all 9 volumes of the first edition of the fist Danish edition of Shakespeare's Tragic Works, containing the first editions of the first translations into Danish of several of Shakespeare's tragic works: Romeo and Juliet; Julius Caesar; Richard II; Henry IV; Henry V; Henry VI; Richard III; Coriolanus; King John; Henry VIII; Cymbeline; As You Like It. The first volume is in the very rare first printing (usually it is found in the second, revised edition from 1811). These nine volumes constitute the entire "Tragic Works", begun by the renowned Danish translator Peter Foersom, who finished the first four volumes and left part of the fifth in manuscript, when he died in 1817. After his death, P.F. Wulf continued the great task of translating Shakespeare's Tragic works into Danish, finishing the fifth volume and doing the last four on his own (1818-1825).The first four volumes contain:Julius Caesar; Hamlet; King Lear; Romeo and Juliet; Richard II; Henry IV; Henry V. Of these, the following have been translated and printed before: Hamlet (1777), King Lear (1790-92), but the rest of them are in the first Danish translations, first printings.Volume five consists in Henry VI, and volumes six to nine: Henry VI (continued); Richard III; Othello; Coriolanus; King John; Henry VIII; Cymbeline; As You Like It. Of these, the following have been translated and printed before: Othello (1792), Cymbeline (1792), but the rest of them are in the first Danish translations, first printings.The present translations of Shakespeare's works are considered the most important in Danish literature and became the standard version of the works. The first edition of these translations are quite scarce, especially all nine volumes together, and with the first volume in the first issue.(PMM 122 - first edition).

Berlin, Springer, 1935. Royal8vo. Bound in recent half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Die Naturwissenschaften", Vol 23, 1935. Minor wear to extremities, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Pp. 807-812; Pp. 823-828; Pp. 844-849. [Entire volume: XIX, (1), 870, 8 pp.]. First edition and first announcement of Schrödinger's famous reply to the EPR-paradox, arguably the most celebrated and influential illustration of the paradoxes of quantum theory also known as Schrödinger's Cat. When in May 1935 Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen published the so-called EPR-paper in "Physical Review", they set out to demonstrate that the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics could not constitute a complete description of nature. The EPR-article prompted a number of responses, e.g. from Bohr, the co-founder of the Copenhagen School, who began writing his response immediately after the publication of the Physical Review article. It is this debate that Schrödinger participates in with his seminal paper on "The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics", in which he presents what is now famously known as Schrödinger's Cat. Schrödinger's Cat is the name of the thought experiment that Schrödinger develops in this article and that was intended as a discussion of the EPR article.After the publication of the EPR article, Einstein and Schrödinger had begun an exchange of letters on the subject of the possibility of quantum mechanics, as interpreted by the Copenhagenists, representing reality. During this exchange of letters, Schrödinger had been inspired by Einstein's view of the problem of applying the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum mechanics to everyday objects. But Schrödinger, in his response, took his illustration of the absurdity of the interpretation and the incompleteness of quantum mechanics a step further; he applied it to a living entity, namely a cat. Schrödinger imagines a sealed box containing a cat, a bottle of poison, a radioactive source, a Geiger counter and a hammer. When the Geiger counter detects radiation, a mechanism is switched on that makes the hammer fall; the hammer breaks the bottle, and the poison kills the cat. Because it is random, when the Geiger counter will detect radiation, and because in Quantum mechanics, physical conditions are described with the aid of a wave-function that explains all possible conditions of the system, Quantum mechanics, according to the Copenhagen interpretation, would come to the conclusion that the cat in the box is both living and dead, at the same time (the wave function is made up of a superposition of the two conditions -the cat being living and the cat being dead-; the two positions collapse into one, as soon as the system is interpreted as consisting of only one condition -either dead or living cat-, with the sole possible conclusion that the cat is both). Due to Heisenberg and Bohr's independent interpretation of Quantum theory (the "Copenhagen interpretation), Quantum theory had in 1927 developed in a direction unforeseen by Schrödinger. "Schrödinger was "concerned and disappointed" that this "transcendental, almost physical interpretation of the wave phenomena" had become the "almost universally accepted dogma."" (D.S.B. XII, p. 221). His most famous and widely used attack on this interpretation was that of "Schrödinger's Cat". This paradox of the dead-and-alive cat vigorously illustrated the absurdity of quantum mechanics and what was necessary to describe the states within this system. The thought experiment of Schrödinger's cat turned out to be hugely influential, and has become a standard paradox within both physics and philosophy.

Jerusalem, Bialik Foundation. 1948. Large 4to (325 x 235 mm). In the original printed wrappers. Extremities with light marginal miscolouring and a bit creased. Verso of wrappers with offsetting, otherwise a fine copy. (6), 43 pp. + 13 plates. The very first publication of any part of the Dead Sea Scroll. With the present publication, Sukenik also became the first to linking the scrolls and their content to a community of Essenes, which became the standard interpretation of the origin of the scrolls, a theory that is still the general consensus among scholars. The Dead Sea Scrolls are regarded as a pivotal cornerstone in the realm of archaeology, possessing immense historical, religious, and linguistic importance. These scrolls comprise the most ancient extant manuscripts of complete books that would eventually find their place in the biblical canons. Additionally, they house deuterocanonical and extra-biblical manuscripts, providing valuable testimony to the multiplicity of religious ideologies during the period of late Second Temple Judaism. Sukenik's role was significant in acquiring and studying some of the Dead Sea Scrolls after their initial discovery. In 1948, he managed to acquire three of the scrolls from an antiquities dealer in Bethlehem, including the famous "Isaiah Scroll." (the two others being The War Scroll and the Thanksgiving Scroll (Hodayot)). Sukenik almost immediately recognized the historical and scholarly importance of the scrolls and worked to secure them for research purposes. His efforts helped bring attention to the scrolls and contributed to their preservation and study. Sukenik recollected in his diary:"My hands shook as I started to unwrap one of them. I read a few sentences. It was written in beautiful biblical Hebrew. The language was like that of the Psalms, but the text was unknown to me. I looked and looked, and I suddenly had the feeling that I was privileged by destiny to gaze upon a Hebrew Scroll which had not been read for more than 2,000 years." Eleazar Sukenik, along with Roland de Vaux, emerged as among the earliest scholars engaged in the study of the initial scrolls unearthed in 1947. Sukenik swiftly established a connection between these scrolls and the settlement at Qumran, positioned on the northwest bank of the Dead Sea, specifically attributing them to a Jewish sect identified as the Essenes. In 1951, de Vaux conducted excavations at the Qumran site, unearthing pottery that bore an identical resemblance to the pottery discovered in nearby Cave 1 (the scrolls had been extracted from a sequence of 11 caves, each numbered by archaeologists based on their order of discovery). This further solidified Sukenik's correlation between the caves, their contents, and the adjacent archaeological remains of the Qumran settlement. The Qumran-Essene hypothesis put forth by these prominent figures in archaeology subsequently became the prevailing theory, endorsed in scholarly publications and reference works. While a group of experts commenced the task of translating the scrolls in the 1950s, the wider academic community had to wait nearly four decades before gaining access to them.

Ca. 1700-1850. Folio. (34x20 cm.). De 542 eksemplarer er opklæbet på 25 ark i et hefte på ca. 50 sider syet i ryg. Arkene er feltopdelt med fra 9-31 på hver og de fleste med håndskreven undertekst. Med varierende bevarelsestilstand. Seglene er i varierende størrelser og form - ovale, runde og kvadratiske - grønt, rødt, sort lak. En del af de adelige er antagelig ældre end 1700 - således forefindes Absalons store segl, dog i beskadiget udgave. Efter skrift og papir at dømme, er samlingen anlagt omkr. 1850. Samlingen omfatter følgende kategorier: Kongelige-fyrstelige segl: 24 stk. (bl.a. Fr. VI, Fr. VIII, Louis Philip af Frankrig, Caroline Amalie, Kurfyrsten af Hessen, Leopold II af Toscana, Chr. VIII m.fl.) - 2. Adelige segl, 275 stk (mest danske, men også svenske, norske, holstenere). - 3. Offentlige segl, 89 stk. (Universitetet, toldkamre, collegier, laugssegl, regimenter, konsulater, foreninger, retterne, stifssegl, rådsstuer etc.) - 4. Embedssegl, 27 stk. (præster, pastorater m.v.) - 5. Købstads-og Bysegl, 24 stk. - 6. Toldsegl, Toldkamre, 11 stk. - 7. Postsegl, 27 stk. - 8. Amter og Amtsstuer, 22 stk. - 9. Grevskaber-og Baronier, 20 stk. - 10. Diverse, 23 stk.

Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. In contemporary full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Annalen der Physik", Vierte Folge, Band 23. Entire volume offered. Ex-libris pasted on to top right corner of pasted down front free end-paper. Light rubbing to extremities, a very fine and clean copy (not an ex-library copy). Pp.371-384. [Entire volume: VIII, 1000 pp. + 4 plates]. First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's landmark energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' (see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 4 pp.323 for examples). However, in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' [the offered paper] which predates the former mentioned by six months, Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade, pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper, 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2, and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, e.g., that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' [the offered paper] Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein "Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"", pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works, Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19.

Altona, und in der Cramerischen Handlung in Bremen, (1770). 8vo. Contemp. marbled boards. The marbled paper on covers gone, scratches to marbled paper on spine. (Binding fully intact). Title-and tomelabels in leather with gilt lettering. A stamp on foot of title-page. (6),XXIV,560,32;VIII,112 pp. Some scattered brownspots, mainly to "Verbesserungen des ersten Theiles" and to title-pages. Very scarce first edition of Basedow's main work in educational theory meant to explain his "Elementarwerk".He was strongly influenced by Rousseau's ideas on education in Emile, and he proposed the reform of schools and of the common methods of instruction, the establishment of an institute for qualifying teachers and solicited subscriptions for the printing of a new, illustrated, book, Elementarwerk ("Elementary Book"), where his principles were to be explained at length assisted by "Das Methodenbuch".Basedow was called to Denmark in 1753 to become professor at Soroe Akademi, where he stayed for 8 years. He was dismissed to Altona in 1761 caused by his theological views going against the prevailing orthodoxy. While he stayed in Soroe he published his "Praktische Philosophie für alle Stände", 1758.

London, John Pine, 1733-37. Royal 8vo. Bound in 2 cont. uniform red full morocco (bound by Derome ?) Spine with raised bands, profusely gilt compartments. Tome-and titlelabels with gilt lettering. Large gilt crowned arms on all covers. Covers with 3 line gilt borders. Broad inside gilt borders. All edges gilt. Some repairs to upper and lower compartments and hinges. A bit rubbed along edges. A large fine copy on good paper. First editon, first issue ("post est Caesar" in sted of "potest Caesar" on medal p. 108, vol II) with the first impressions. This beautiful work, said to be the finest illustrated English book of the 18th century, became a main inspiration for the art of bookillustration. "This edition is much esteemed by the curious. The text is ENGRAVED as well as the numerous and beautiful vignettes which accompany it: of these vignettes, the copies which contain the FIRST IMPRESSIONS are valuable and much sought after." (Dibdin II: 108).

London, MacMillan & Co. 1902. Original red cloth pictorially stamped in black and white (in a design by the author) on covers, lettered in white on front cover, and pictorially stamped and lettered in white on spine. White pigment flaking a little, mainly on the spine, but far less than usual. With slipcase. Minimal foxing to endpapers. [6], 249, [2]; 22 plates by Kipling. First edition of one of Kipling's best known and most beloved works.

(Paris), Gallimard, (1957). Bound with the original printed wrappers in an elegant light brown morocco binding with gilt lettering to spine and waxed patterned paper in red-browninsh nuances to boards. Gilt lineborder to boards. Top-edge gilt. Binding signed Alain Devauchelle. Gilt super ex-libris to inside of front board. Housed in brown paper slipcase with light brown morocco-edges. An excellent, clean, blight, and fresh copy. With the original advertisement-leaf for "L'Exil et le Royaume". First edition, Service de Presse-copy ("S. P." punctured to bottom of back wrapper) - with signed presentation-inscription for the publisher Camille Bloch to half-title - of Camus' great collection of stories, which are considered among the best of his works. Together, these stoires cover the entire variety of existentialism - or absurdism. There is general consensus that the clearest manifestation of the ideals of Camus can be found in the present work.

Berlin, J. Springer, 1932-33. 8vo. Volume 77 and 78 bound in two uniform contemporary half cloth bindings with gilt lettering to spine. Volume 30 in a contemporary full cloth binding with black leather title-label to spine. Volume 78 and 78 with minor wear to spine, internally two very nice and clean copies. Volume 80 with wear to spine and minor overall soiling to extremities. Ex-library copy with library stamp [Bedford College] to pasted down front free end-paper and title page. Internally a clean copy. [Über den Bau der Atomkernen I, Vol. 77:] Pp. 1-11. [Über den Bau der Atomkernen II, Vol. 78:] Pp. 156-164. [Über den Bau der Atomkernen III, Vol. 80:] Pp. 587-596. [Entire volumes: VIII, 837 pp.; VIII, 857 pp.; VIII, 844 pp.]. First printing of Heisenberg's groundbreaking neutron-proton model. The three papers "mark the transition to the modern view on nuclear forces." (Pais. Inward Bound. P. 413). Shortly after Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, Heisenberg developed a theory suggesting that atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons. This introduced the concept of the nuclear exchange force and isotopic spin."Soon after the discovery of the neutron in 1932 [By Chadwick], Heisenberg developed a neutron-proton model of the nucleus by introducing the concept of the nuclear exchange force and the formalism of isotopic spin. Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics could be applied to the nucleus, Heisenberg showed, as long as long as on did not consider the structure of nucleons. Heisenberg's work served as the basis for contemporary nuclear physics, of fields. In 1935 Heisenberg and his assistants, especially Weizsäcker. Heisenberg preferred to continue the search for a consistent quantum physics, much of which was pursued by his assistant Hans Euler discovered that nonlinear interactions in positron theory, which yielded photonphoton scattering, could be represented by treating the electron as possessing a minimum size, below which the interferences predominated." (DSB).Heisenberg played an important role in the unsuccessful attempt German attempt to build a nuclear reactor.The three volumes contain numerous important contributions by contemporary physicians.

(København), 1709. Folio. (53x36,5 cm.). Nyere smukt helldrbd. i lysebrun kalv. Ryg med 5 ophøjede bind. Forgyldt skindtitel på ryg. Stregforgyldninger på permer samt stor oval med forgyldt titel på forpermen. Indvendige false i skind. I matchende kassette med kanter i skind. 19 kobberstukne folioblade. Trykt på svært skrivepapir. Velbevaret eksemplar. Genoptrykket (eller måske mere korrekt: andet oplag eller re-issue !) af den danske Enevældes Grundlov, Kongeloven, som først blev udgivet 44 år efter udstedelsen (1665). Her foreligger loven som genudgivelsen fra ca. 1880, men trykt med de originale kobberplader, således at den kun adskiller sig fra det oprindelige tryk ved papirets alder og kvalitet. Teksten blev udfærdiget i kobberstik udelukkende for at afskære muligheden for eftertryk, en fremgangsmåde, som er enestående i Danmark. Frederik Rostgaard stod for udfærdigelsen, og det skyldes ham, at værket er blevet et af højdepunkterne i dansk bogkunst.Second issue (around 1880, printed with the original copper-plates) of this monumental work in Danish bookproduction. The Royal Law established the absolute right of the Monarch to rule and defined the line of royal succession, and was more rigorous than other monarchal laws of Europe at the time. The titles and the text are engraved throughout by Michael Røg.

Paris, Delatour, 1730 - 1731. 8vo. In contemporary half calf over floral embossed paper. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Previous owner's name (Peter Otto Rosenørn - owner of Hersomgård) to front free end-paper. Light wear to extremities and spine miscoloured. Internally nice and clean. 52, (2), 67, (1) pp. Exceedingly rare first edition of these three plays by Romagnesi, French playwright, librettist and actor. He was born in Namur, in present-day Belgium, and moved to Paris where he became involved in the world of theater during the early 18th century. Romagnesi was known for his parodies, bouffonneries and harlequinades of which these three plays are fine examples. We have not been able to trace a single copy in the trade.Not in Brunet, Graesse or Tchemerzine.

Paris, Mallet-Bachelier, 1857. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome 45, No 22. Pp. (909-) 940. (Entire issue offered with titlepage and halftitle to volume 45). Pasteur's paper: pp. 913-916. First printing of this landmark paper (published in full the year after in "Mémoires de la Societe des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des arts de Lille" and in "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" (1858)), marking Pasteur's commencement of the study of fermentation. The offered paper was read in extract on the Séance du Lundi 30 Novembre). Here Pasteur found that lactic acid fermentation is due to small corpuscles of yeast cells, and thus carried out by living bacteria. He hereby ended the long controversy with Liebig, who insisted that fermentation was a purrely chemical phenomenon that did not involve living organisms. THE MEMOIR IS CONSIDERED THE FOUNDING PAPER OF MICROBIOLOGY."Pateur's researches on fermentationm led him to the discovery of the bacteria and yeasts and hence to the germ theory of disease: FROM THIS ALL MODERN BACTERIOLOGY AND IMMUNIOLOGY DEVELOPED."(Garrison & Morton, note to 2472)."There (at the University of Lille) he became interested in the problem of France's importent wine industry. Wine and beer often went sour as they aged and millions of francs were lost as a result. Wasn't there some chemical to prevent this ? In 1856 a Lille industrialist turned to the famous young chemist and put the problem to him. Pasteur agreed to tackle the matter and turned to the microscope. He found almost at once that when the wine and beer aged properly, the liquid contains little speherical globules of yeast cells. When wine and beer turn sour, the yeast cells are elongated. Clearly there are two types of yeast, one of which produces alcohol (good) and the other lactic acid (bad). Pasteur was the first to show definitely that fermentation involves living organisms and that it is necessary to supply the correct organism to provide the correct type of fermentation."(Isaac Asimov).Dibner No. 198. (= the offered paper in Comptes Rendus). - Garrison & Morton 2472.

(Paris, Gauthier-Villars), 1885 a. 1886. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome 101 (No. 17), 102 (No. 9 + 15) a. 103. (No. 18). Titlepages to vol. 101, 102 a. 103. Pp. (765-) 848, (459-529), (835-) 886, (777-) 840. (Four entire issues offered). Pasteur's papers: pp. 765-772, 459-469, 835-838 a. 777-785.. A stamp to verso of titlepages. First printing of these groundbreaking papers in Immunology where Pasteur describes his rabies vaccine and the results he attained with it gave further proof of the value of attenuated virus as a protective inoculum against infective diseases in man and animals. THIS IS CONSIDERED PASTEUR'S GREATEST TRIUMPH (Garrison & Morton No. 2541)."The central problem in establishing a science of immunology was to discover methods of lowering the pathogenicity of the antigens while preserving their immunogenicity. In the case of smallpox (Jenner) this was done, according to the accepted interpretation, by utilizing strains accidentally attenuated through animal passage. In the present paper famous paper (the first paper offered), Pasteur shows how, for a disease of wide distribution among mammals, attenuation may be accomplished artificially."(Hall "A Source Book in animal Biology", pp. 528 ff.)."Pasteur revealed the enormous medical and economic potential of experimental biology. He himself developed only one treatment directly applicable to a human disease - his treatment for rabies - but his widely publicized and highly successful efforts on behalf of the germ theory were immediately credited with saving much money and many lives. It is for this reason above all that he was recognized and honored during his lifetime and that his name remains a household word." (DSB).Garrison & Morton No. 2541. - Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1885 H.

Paris, Moutard, 1786. 4to. Contemp. full sprinckled calf with 5 raised bands on spine. Richly gilt compartments, title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. A small nich to leather at middle of front hinge. A small tear to rear hinge at upper compartment. "Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans", Tome XI. (4),198,682 pp. Wide-margined, fine and clean. This collective work is the French Academy's monumental treatise on the chemistry and the production of Salpetre, a topic of great importence for the war-industry in making gunpowder. The volume contains papers by Macquer, Darcy, Lavoisier, Sage, Baumé, de la Rochefoucault, Clouer and an anonymous report on experiments made in England (CAVENDISH'S) on the composition of nitric acid....papers by Cornette, Thouvenel and Thouvenel, Le Lorgna, Gavinet and Chevrand, de Beunie, Romme, Clouet and Lavoisier, de Rochefoucault etc.(Partington III, p. 467 n)."The Regie des Poudres et Salpetres had the monopoly of refining salpetre from 1775 until it was suppressed during the Revolution. Until his retirement in 1791 the leading light in it was Lavoisier, who seems to have written its publications. - In 1775 the Academy offered a prize of 4000 livres for a process for procuring an abundant supply of salpetre,the announcement being written by Lavoisier. Altogether 66 papers were received and the prize was finally awarded in 1782 to the brothers Thouvenel, who gave a full account of nitre plantations. The material was published in 1786 in one volume by the Academy. In it Lavoisier describes 'Experiences sur la décomposition du nitre par le charbon' said to have been made in 1784..."(Partington III, pp. 466 ff.)."Peu de temps après que Lavoisier eut été nommé régisseur des poudres et salpêtres, il suggéra à Turgot, alors contrôleur général des finances, l'idée de charger l'Académie des sciences de décerner un prix au meilleur mémoire sur la formation du salpêtre. 'Académie nomma une commission dont Lavoisier fut le rapporteur ; c'est lui qui examina tous les mémoires présentés au concours, en fit l'analyse, et, quand l'Académie publia en 1786 un volume contenant l'histoire du prix du salpêtre et les mémoires présentés au concours, c'est encore Lavoisier qui en fut le rédacteur. Ce volume fait partie du Recueil des mémoires de mathématiques et de physique présentés à l'Académie royale des sciences par divers savants et lus dans ses assemblées (tome XI, contenant le Recueil des mémoires sur la formation et la fabrication du salpêtre, à Paris, de l'imprimerie Moutard, DCCLXXXVI). Sauf les mémoires des concurrents et un mémoire du duc de la Rochefoucault, ce volume est tout entier de la main de Lavoisier. Il est formé de deux parties ; la première est intitulée : Histoire de ce qui s'est passé relativement au prix proposé sur la formation du salpêtre ; la seconde partie comprend les mémoires présentés au concours ainsi que des mémoires de Lavoisier et Clouet, un mémoire sans signature, mais qui appartient à Lavoisier (le manuscrit autographe a été conservé), le mémoire du duc de La Rochefoucault, et les expériences de Lavoisier sur la décomposition du nitre par le charbon."