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Stockholm, Lars Salvius, 1752-53 Folio. (33x22 cm) Stor helt ubeskåret eksemplar i orig. blødt, blankt papbind. rester af titelskrift på ryg. Kobberstukket frontispiece (= planche I). (12),100,(8),101-260. Med ialt 30 kobberstukne plancher (Nummererede II-XXIX, komplet og med det lille stik indsat ved p. 6)), de fleste store dobbeltsidede. 2 kort, hvor det sidste er kobberstukket gengivelse af 2 Ptolemaeus-kort fra 1513-udgaven, (planche XXIX. 33 x 43 cm.). Indvendig aldeles frisk eksemplar, uden pletter, trykt på skrivepapir. Blandt planchernme kan nævnes Kungsbacka, Varberg, Falkenberg, Halmstad, Laholm, Vinbergs, Holms og Getinge Kirker, Skottorp etc.Warmholtz, 610: ""Lycka var, at Döden ryckte pennan ur handen på Författaren, eljest hade Kronan blifvit belastad med ännu mera Maculatur" !

[No place nor year, but presumably last quarter of the 18th Century]. Folio (415 x 260 mm). 45 quires loosely inserted in contemporary cardboard binding. French manuscript in brown ink in very fine legible hand within double framed borders. Binding with wear, internally very fine and clean. [Vol. 1:] XXXII, 76 pp; [vol. 2:] (8), 156 pp. [vol. 3:] (6), 219 pp. Very nice French manuscript on the War of the Austrian Succession. Thomas, Georg Martin: Codices manu scripti Bibliothecae Regiae Monacensis Gallici 155.OCLC locates one similar manuscript (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, BSB-Hss Cod.gall. 107)

London, B. Haite and Sold by most Booksellers etc., 1682, 1677. Lille 8vo. (15,7 x 9,4 cm.). Indbundet i 4, helt ensartede helbind i rødt maroquin med 4 ophøjede bind på rygge. Rig rygforgyldning, titel-og tomefelter forgyldte. Bindsiderne med dobbeltramme adskilt af to tredobbelte forgyldte linier. I inderste ramme med udadvendte florale hjørnestempler. I midtfelterne Frederik Walters superexlibris i guld (amorin med tre tordenkiler i højre hånd og med venstre støttende sig til et skjold med et ansigt på). Indvendig bordure i guld. Permerne med kantforgyldning. Helt guldsnit. Forsatse i marmoreret papir. Alle 4 bind i fin velbevaret stand, dog foreligger en lille reparation på nederste rygfelt på et bind. Walters signatur "W" på 3 titelblade. Walter-bind er nu yderst sjældent på markedet. "I Forhold til Tidens øvrige danske privatsamlinger har Walters bibliotek faaet sit særlige Præg paa grund af Eksemplarernes Udsøgthed og luksuøse Indbinding. de bøger fra hans samling, som endnu er kendt, foreligger gennemgaaende i usædvanlig velholdte Eksemplarer, rene og uberørte, som var de lige udgået fra Trykpressen.... (Lauritz Nielsen, Danske privatbiblioteker gennem Tiderne, p. 211-12)."Frederik Walter, født 1649, død 1718. Han var Hofmand, ledsagede Frederik IV paa hans Reise til Italien 1708-1709 og døde som Geheimeraad og hvid Ridder. En vinget amor, som i den høire Haand holder en Lynstraale og støtter den venstre Haand paa et Skjold, hvori man ser et Ansigt. jeg har set vel et halvt Hundrede Bøger, som ere mærkede paa denne Maade; de ere indbundne i rødt Maroquin (ganske undtagelsesviis i bruungult eller sort); paa Bindenes Sider er yderst en Ramme af tre Linier og indenfor den en Ramme, ligeledes af tre Linier, med Stempler paa Hjørnerne; paa Ryggen staar Bogens Titel, og de andre felter ere prydede med Stempler; Snittet har undertiden været marmoreret inden det blev forgyldt; Forsatsen er almindeligviis Kammarmor..... Hans Bibliotek (det talte henved 1000 Bind) bestod især af græske og romerske Forfattere (mange Oversættelser paa Fransk og Italiensk) og nyere skjøn Litteratur, især italiensk og fransk, men ogsaa noget spansk og engelsk; naturligvis fandtes der ogsaa Bøger til Historie og andre Videnskaber, men meget faa danske og tyske Bøger..." (Carl Elberling, Breve fra en Bogelsker, pp. 118-19).

Kiøbenhavn, Joh. Phil. Bockenhoffer, 1695. Samtidigt hellæderbind. Ryg med blindtrykte stempler. Titel ligeledes i blindtryk. Ryg med lidt krakeleringer. I kassette med skindforstærkninger. Kobberstukket titelblad med teksten 200 Viser... (Vedels inkluderet). Bogtrykt titelblad trykt i rød/sort. (48),783,(11 - Register) pp. Med navnetræk af tidligere ejere: P. von Gersdorf (øverst på det kobberstukne titelblad) og J.C.P. Wormskjold. Usædvanligt velbevaret eksemplar med nogle få svage skjolder og enkelte brunpletter. Contemporary full calf binding. Spine with blindstamped title and decorations. Leather on spine with cracks. Housed in slip-case with leather edges. Engraved title-page with the text "200 Vider..." (including those of Vedel). Printed title-page in red and black. Title-page with the ownership signatures of P. Gersdorf J.C.P. Wormskjold. Unusually well preserved copy with only minor vagie damp staining and very little brownspotting. (48), 783, (11 - Index) pp. Den yderst sjældne originaludgave, her tilmed i det egentlige førsteoplag idet der findes 3 forskellige tryk med samme årstal, de 2 med træstukket titelblad, hvor førsteoplaget (som her) har kobberstukket titelblad. Thesaurus (II,676) anfører, at de "to sidste er dog sandsynligvis først udkommet efter århundredskiftet". Et monument i dansk litteratur idet Peder Syv her viderefører Anders Sørensen Vedels Visebog. Exceedingly scarce first edition, in the even scarcer first issue, of this monument of Danish literature, folk tales, folk song, and story telling. Three issues appeared with the same year on the title-page; only the first issue has the engraved title-page. According to Thesaurus, the two other issues were presumably only issued after the turn of the century, even though the bear the printing date 1695. Peder Syv’s magnificent work collecting the songs narrating the tales about our kings, giants and other greats is one of the most important treasure troves of Danish and Scandinavian folk songs and tales. The work contains Anders Sørensen Vedel’s 100 songs, to which is added another 100 songs taken from manuscripts, fly leaves, and word-to-mouth, also preserving translations of skaldic epics that would otherwise have been lost. He also included a few contemporary poems, such as Laurids Kok’s “Danmark dejligst, Vang og Vænge, which is one of the most beloved songs about our country, printed here for the first time. The work was very popular and was reprinted several times in the 18th century. Thesaurus II,676. - Bibl. Danica IV,192.

Berlin, A. Haude, 1745. Small 8vo. Cont. hcalf. Gilt back. Gilt title-label in red leather on back. Upper compartment of back with a paper-label pasted on. Light scattered browning to leaves, but a good copy. Title-page with 2 rubberstamps. Engraved title-vignette. (16), 720 pp. and 8 folded engraved plates. First German edition of Robin's famous work "On Gunnery" describing the compositions of gun-powders, ballistics and pyrotechnics and it is the first edition of Euler's extensive commentaries and additions. It is called "Eulers erläuterte Artillerie.""An inquiry from the King about the best work on artillery moved Euler to translate into German Benjamin Robin's "New Principles on Gunnery". Euler added his own supplements on ballistics, which were five times longer than the original text. These supplements occupy an important place in the history of ballistics..." (DSB). - Poggendorff I:689.

Antverpen, Ex Officina Plantiniana, Apud Viduam & Filios Ioannis Moreti, 1614. - (Second work:) Ex Officina Plantiniana, Apud Ioannem Moretum., 1605. Large 4to. Contemp. full vellum over wood, fully intact. Some scratches and brownspots to covers.Front free endpaper missing. Engraved printers device (Plantin) at titlepage. 397,(6) pp, 1 double-page engraved plate, 3 full-page engravings, 7 large textengravings, many woodengraved illustrations in the text.Wood-engraved initials. First 4 leaves a bit frayed in outer margin (but margins wide). Light yellowing to leaves, a few insignificant brownspots. Poliorceticon: Engraved printers device (Plantin) at titlepage. 219,(7) pp. 25 full-page engraved illustrations, 11 half-page engravings, wood-cut initials. Printers large wood-cut device at end. The 5 last leaves frayed in outer margins (margins wide). Light yellowing to leaves. The volume contains Justus Lipsius's two importent works on Roman military history in the fine printings from the Plantin office. "De Militia Romana", first published in 1595, is a commentary on Polybius's "History", with the Greek text and a parallel Latin translation. "Poliorcetica" (1599) is a study of the Roman machinery of war. Both works are illustrated with the fine engravings of Peeter vander Borcht and Theodore Galle."His (Lipsius) throughout acquaince with Latin literature and Roman history is conspicuous in his numerous treatises, especially in those entitled "De Militia Romana" and "Poliorcetia" (the former including a commentary on the Roman Camp as described by Polybius)..." (Sandy II, p. 304).Cockle: 620 a. 672.

Firenze, G. Barbera, 1877. 8vo. 2 vols. both in brown half cloth, the Franchetti-volume with paper title-label to spine. Light wear to extremities and internally with a few occassional brown spots. XI, (2), 489 pp; XVI, 476 pp. First edition of Sonnino and Franchetti's landmark work, constituting the very first description of the Sicilian Mafia and a seminal work in Italian anthropology and sociology in general.In 1876, Sonnino traveled to Sicily with Leopoldo Franchetti to conduct a private investigation into the state of Sicilian society. In 1877, the two men published their research on Sicily in a substantial two-part report for the Italian Parliament. In the first part Sonnino analysed the lives of the island's landless peasants. Leopoldo Franchetti's half of the report, Political and Administrative Conditions in Sicily, was an analysis of the Mafia in the nineteenth century that is still considered authoritative today. Franchetti would ultimately influence public opinion about the Mafia more than anyone else until Giovanni Falcone over a hundred years later. Political and Administrative Conditions in Sicily is the first convincing explanation of how the Mafia came to be."The situation in Sicily was at the centre of the political struggle: it was an electoral stronghold for the left, a scene for both great social tensions and an acute outbreak of crime. The was the context that Franchetti and Sonnino found when they went to Sicily to carry out their private enquiry, unfettered by the needs and relationships which could have conditioned the official enquiry. They visited the island in the first half of 1876 and then wrote the two volumes of the enquiry separately (Franchetti wrote about the political and administrative conditions, Sonnino about the peasants). In particular, Franchetti's volume gave rise to two crucial questions which marked (and, in part, still do) civil debates in contemporary Italy: The Southern questions and the issue of the mafia." (Coluccello, Challenging the Mafia Mystique: Cosa Nostra from Legitimisation to Denunciation).Franchetti saw the Mafia as an "industry of violence" and described the designation of the term "Mafia": "the term mafia found a class of violent criminals ready and waiting for a name to define them, and, given their special character and importance in Sicilian society, they had the right to a different name from that defining vulgar criminals in other countries". He saw the Mafia as deeply rooted in Sicilian society and impossible to quench unless the very structure of the island's social institutions were to undergo a fundamental change. The Franchetti-Sonnino report was attacked, disbelieved and labelled as 'unpatriotic'. It is now considered one of the most coherent and comprehensive accounts of the Sicilian mafia and its surroundings.(Govi, I Classici che hanno fatto L'Italia, P. 284)

Kopenhagen, 1837. 8vo. Uncut and unopened in the original printed wrappers. A A completely fresh copy - mint condition. (4), 108, (4 - advertisements) pp. Scarce first German edition of this milestone publication, which laid the foundation of modern archaeology and transformed it into an exact science. With this seminal publication, Thomsen was the first to establish an evidence-based division of prehistory into discrete periods, and with it he became the originator of the three-age system (the division into Stone Age - Bronze Age - Iron Age), which is "the basic chronology that now underpins the archaeology of most of the Old World" (Rowley-Conwy: From Genesis to Prehistory, p.1). This foundational work altered our understanding of our world and our place in it and contains the first use of "culture" in an archaeological context."Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, (born Dec. 29, 1788, Copenhagen, Den.-died May 21, 1865, Copenhagen), Danish archaeologist who deserves major credit for developing the three-part system of prehistory, naming the Stone, Bronze, and Iron ages for the successive stages of man's technological development in Europe. His tripartite scheme brought the first semblance of order to prehistory and formed the basis for chronological schemes developed for other areas of the globe by succeeding generations of archaeologists." (Encycl. Britt.).Up until the beginning of the 19th century, our understanding of antiquities had been very loose and fumbling. Studying the artifacts, earlier archaeologists had used a great deal of imagination, especially when adapting information from written sources to the objects. Only when Thomsen enters the scene, this approach changes. He is the first to focus the investigation upon the artifacts themselves. Quickly realizing that this approach must be the only way forward, he soon distinguished clearly between objects, both similar and different, and established what belonged together in time and where there were chronological differences. He was among the first to differentiate between history that could be studied through written sources and prehistory which could only be studied through material culture. He realized - as the first - that in order to interpret findings of prehistoric objects, one would have to know their source and the context in which they were found - thus establishing the foundation for modern excavation technique. He trained the great archaeologist J.J.A. Worsaae and sent him on excavation expeditions to acquire artifacts for ethnographic museum that he had founded and thus also founded Danish archaeology. Thomsen was the first to perceive typologies of grave goods, grave types, methods of burial, pottery and decorative motifs, and to assign these types to layers found in excavation, thus combining our different sources of knowledge to establish certainty. When, in 1836, the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries published Thomsen's illustrated contribution to "Guide to Scandinavian Archaeology" (i.e. the present publication), in which he put forth his chronology for the first time, together with comments about typology and stratigraphy, Thomsen already had an international reputation. But this publication gave him more than that - it made him the founder of modern archaeology and arguably the most influential archaeologist of all times. In 1816 Thomsen had been appointed head of "antiquarian" collections, which later developed into the National Museum of Denmark. It was while organizing and classifying the antiquities for exhibition that he discovered how much more sense it would make to present them chronologically, and so he did, using what is now known as the "three-age system". Proposing that prehistory had advanced from an age of stone tools, to ages of tools made from bronze and iron was not in itself a novel idea, but no previous proposals allowed for the dating of artifacts (which Thomsen's system did for the first time) and they were all presented as systems of evolution. Refining the idea of stone-bronze-iron phases, Thomsen turned it into a chronological system by seeing which artifacts occurred with which other artifacts in closed finds. In this way, he was the first to establish an evidence-based division of prehistory into discrete periods. It is this seminal achievement that led to his being credited as the originator of the three-age system.He provided for the first time a solid empirical basis for the system that ever since the present publication has laid at the foot of all archaeological research. He showed that artifacts could be classified into types and that these types varied over time in ways that correlated with the predominance of stone, bronze or iron implements and weapons. In this way he turned the Three-age System from being an evolutionary scheme based on intuition and general knowledge into a system of relative chronology supported by archaeological evidence."His published and personal advice to Danish archaeologists concerning the best methods of excavation produced immediate results that not only verified his system empirically but placed Denmark in the forefront of European archaeology for at least a generation. He became a national authority when C.C Rafn, secretary of the Kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab ("Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries"), published his principal manuscript in "Ledetraad til Nordisk Oldkyndighed" ("Guide to Scandinavian Archaeology") in 1836."This groundbreaking publication was immediately translated into German (published the following year, 1837), in which form it reached a wide audience, influencing the archaeologists of all of Europe. In 1848, it was published in English and became highly influential on the development of archaeology theory and practice in Great Britain and the United States.In 1849 Thomsen founded the world's first ethnografic museum, which continued to contribute significantly to the development of modern archaeology."Throughout the course of the nineteenth century growing amounts of archaeological material were being recovered as the vastly expanding engineering activities of the Industrial Revolution were transforming Central and Western Europe into the "workshop of the world." Indeed, much of the popular appeal of archaeology in early Victorian times lay in its seeming demonstration that this contemporary technological advancement, which both intrigued and delighted the middle classes, was no mere accident but the acceleration of a tendency for "progress" which was innate in humankind. This evidence that cultural evolution as opposed to degeneration from an original state of grace had been a significant feature of human history made archaeology pre-eminently a science of progress. Within the context of the history of the discipline, however, the birth of this "scientific archaeology", as distinct from the antiquarianism of earlier times, is generally associated with the unfolding of the "Three Age System" and the pioneering work of C.J. Thomsen.While in the past a few archaeologists had attempted to subdivide prehistoric materials into various temporal segments, it was Thomsen who first envisaged, and applied, on the basis of archaeological evidence, a systematic classification of antiquities according to the criteria of material use and form which could be correlated with a sequence of temporal periods: the Ages of Stone, Bronze, and Iron, familiar to every student of archaeology for the last hundred years. The novelty of this approach, however, did not lie in the concept of technological development gleaned from his familiarity with the conjectural history of the Enlightenment, or in his assumption of a sequence of Stone, Bronze, or Iron Ages, itself a variation of Lucretius' popular model. Rather, it lay in his employment of "seriational principles" acquired from his extensive knowledge of numismatics, which he used to combine evidence concerning technology, grave goods, along with the shape and decoration of various artefacts into an internally consistent developmental sequence. Though Thomsen's Museum of Northern Antiquities in Denmark had arranged its collection of artefacts in accordance with this new system as early as 1819, the first written account of his research was not set out in print until the "Ledetraad til Nordisk Oldkyndighed" ("Guide Book to Northern/Nordic Antiquities") was published in 1836. While prior to Thomsen's work, thinking about antiquities in both Europe and the United States bas both intellectually fragmented and essentially speculative, the publication of the "Ledetraad" and its translation into German a year later unified archaeological studies by providing scholars with an exemplar or "paradigm". For, while previously antiquarians and indeed classical archaeologists, who were interested in what are now recognized to be prehistoric remains, tended to look to written records and/or oral traditions to provide a historical context for their finds, it was Thomsen who liberated archaeologists from this restrictive assumption through the creation of a carefully controlled chronology which allowed for the comprehensive study of those periods in history for which NO written records were available. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Thomsen's system established itself as THE system, as his basic classification of artefacts, arranged in periods by virtue of an analogy with the form and function of tools in his own day, was modified an elaborated upon by, among others, Worsaae, de Mortillet and John Lubbock." (D.A. Nestor: Cognitive Perspectives on Israelite Identity, pp. 46-48).

Sorøe, Jonas Lindgren, 1760. 8vo. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering and ornanamentation to spine. Light wear to extremities, especially spine and hinges. A few stains to back board. A few annotations to front free end-paper (Nygårds Katalog 1913 / Nr. 1042). Internally nice and clean. (8), 383, (1) pp. + 2 folded plates. Scarce first edition of this pioneering work considered true beginning of scientific ethnology and anthropology: “Kraft's book is the first general ethnology containing a description of the origin and development of society, economic life, religion, and arts” (Birket-Smith, The History of Ethnology in Denmark). “Actually, the first ethnologist in a modern sense was Jens Kraft (1720-65), who deserves a place of honour among the pioneers of cultural research by virtue of his little book (the present). Kraft was born in Norway, which at that time was united politically with Denmark, but after his father's untimely death he was educated in his uncle's house in Denmark, and here he was appointed professor of philosophy and mathematics at the early age of twenty-six. Urged by Rousseau's glorification of primitive man, Kraft wanted to depict the true history of humanity, and disregarding the nations of antiquity he started with the most "savage" peoples he knew, two tribes of South American Indians, the Lule and the Caigua. It makes no difference that his choice is not very fortunate, since these tribes are far from being on an especially low stage; the main thing is that his principle is indisputable The more you become absorbed in his queer little book, the more will the amazingly far-sighted and unbiassed view of the author compel your respect. Referring to the natives of America, he maintains, for instance, that among some peoples agriculture must be older than cattle breeding; usually it is Alexander von Humboldt who gets the credit for this discovery. In order to refute the idea that primeval man lived in a state of promiscuity Kraft mentions the fact that even among the higher animals we find something like married life, thus upholding the view of Westermarck 130 years later. He points out the authority of the women in certain societies and concludes " that the children have for the most part followed their mothers and considered themselves their natural possessions," and from this circumstance he derives matrilineal succession, in other words he anticipates Bachofen's famous discovery by a century. Kraft's book is the first general ethnology containing a description of the origin and development of society, economic life, religion, and arts. It was translated into German, and if it had been known to wider circles it might have been epoch-making. This did not happen. It is doubtful whether Kraft himself was aware of the importance of his work, and anyhow he died soon after in the prime of his life. Kraft was actually a hundred years ahead of his time. In Europe generally as well as in Denmark, physical anthropology and, later, archaeology nearly killed the tiny ethnological germ, and it was not till the middle of the 19th century that it grew to be an independent science. (Birket-Smith, The History of Ethnology in Denmark)

Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed. In "Annalen der Physik", Vierte Folge, Band 23. VIII,1000 pp. a. 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. A small stamp on titlepage (Gmelin.Institut.). Internally clean and fine. First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' (see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 4 pp.323 for examples). However, in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' [the offered paper] which predates the former mentioned by six months, Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade, pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper, 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2, and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, e.g., that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' [the offered paper] Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein "Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"", pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works, Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19.

København, (1888-1889). 4to (bd. 1-2) + 8vo (bd. 3). Indbundet alle tre original for- og alle tre originale bag-omslag i tre særdeles nydelige, ensartede halvlæderbind and brun maroquin (Erik Olsen). Omslagene til bd. 1 med professionelle restaureringer i kanter. De resterende fire omslag nydeligt opklæbet, med lukkede rifter (hvilket man dårligt lægger mærke til). Særdeles ren og frisk. Et usædvanligt smukt sæt med alle de originale omslag. Originaludgaven af dette banebrydende tidsskrift, hvor man i 2det Bind finder originaltrykket af den først publicerede del af en af den moderne litteraturs hovedværker, Hamsuns "Sult". Heri trykkes for første gang de berømte linier "Det var i den Tid, da jeg gik omkring og sultede i København", indledningen til den roman, der gjorde Hamsun berømt og til det værk, der indvarslede en ny litterær epoke i Europa. "Sult" kom først i bogform to år senere, i 1890, og det er med publikationen af denne del, at Hamsuns ry som en forfatter i verdensklasse bliver slået fast."Knut Hamsuns debutroman fra 1890 er en af de bøger, der har sat skel. Den har virket med til at forme et nyt menneskesyn og en ny skrivemåde. Hamsun hentede stoffet fra sine egne trængselsår, da han uden slægt og venner gik arbejdsløs i Kristiania og kæmpede mod skuffelser, nederlag og sult." (Johannes V. Jensen).Som 27-årig i 1886 blev Hamsun for anden gang reddet fra en sultende tilværelse og sendt til Amerika, denne gang til Chicago, hvor han bl.a. arbejdede som sporvognskonduktør. Da han blev fyret fra dette job og vennerne havde skillinget sammen til en billet hjem, tog Hamsun i forsommeren 1888 tilbage mod Norden, -men han stod ikke af i Kristiania, han tog skibet videre til København. Da han stod og så skibet sejle fra Kristiania, tænkte han på sine nederlag i denne by, og en af den nyere litteraturs vigtigste sætninger indfandt sig i hans hoved: "Det var i den tid, da jeg gik rundt og sultede i Kristiania", -kimen til et af det 20. århundredes litterære hovedværker var lagt, og Hamsun satte sig med det samme på den nærmeste skibskiste og begyndte at skrive. Påvirket af Nietzsche og Dostojevski sad Hamsun i sit loftsværelse på Nørrebro og arbejdede døgnet rundt på sit første mesterværk. Efteråret 1888 stod den første del af monumentalromanen "Sult" færdig, men da Hamsun ikke turde risikere en afvisning fra Danmarks førende kulturperson, Georg Brandes, opsøgte han dennes bror, Edvard, som var chefredaktør på "Politiken". Edvard Brandes fik således æren af at være den første, der anerkendte Hamsuns talent. Til den stærkt forhutlede forfatter sagde han som den første: "Der venter Dem en meget stor Fremtid!" og om det manuskript, han præsenterede ham for: "det var ikke bare talentfuldt som så meget andet, det var mere, noget, der rystede mig." Edvard Brandes var ikke i tvivl om, at dette manuskript skulle trykkes, og da det var for langt til at stå i "Politiken", blev det trykt i tidsskriftet "Ny Jord", og med ét kunne alle, der tidligere havde afvist Hamsun og hans tidlige litterære forsøg, se, hvor stor en forfatter, de havde at gøre med. De tre bind af "Ny Jord" giver et fantastisk indblik i den Nordiske tidsånd i slutningen af det 19. århundrede. Vi finder hér, ud over både førstetrykket af "Sult" og Hamsuns "Kristoffer Janson" ligeledes den første del af den første danske oversættelse af Nietzsches "Saaledes talte Zarathustra", diskussioner og oversættelser af Darwin, bidrag af Strindberg , Høffdings "Om vor Tid og dens Ungdom" etc, etc.

London, Sampson Low, 1878. 8vo. 2 volumes, both in publisher’s original dark brown pictorially decorated cloth, with an elaborate pattern depicting the continent of Africa in black with the Nile crossing it in gilt. Below, also in black, a scene depicting natives roving on a river. Title and author in gilt lettering to front boards and spines. Light wear to extremities, mainly to upper and lower part of capitals. 3 cm tear to lower part of front hindge on vol. 2, otherwise fine and clean. XIV, (2), 522; IX, 566, 32 (publisher's booklist, dated April 1878) pp. + 2 frontispiece portraits, 10 maps including 2 large folding maps in pockets at rear, 33 wood-engraved plates and many illustrations in the text. First edition of this landmark account, "One of the greatest journeys of all time" (Jeal, Life of Stanley, p.202), on the search for the sources of the Nile. This epic journey, lasting for over two and a half years completed the work of Burton, Speke and Livingstone. "The procession that departed from Bagamoyo (Tanzania) on 17 November 1874 stretched for more than half a mile and included dozens of men carrying sections of the Lady Alice, the boat named for his seventeen-year-old fiancée, with which Stanley intended to explore Lakes Victoria and Tanganyika and Livingstone's Lualaba River. During the next two and a half years, the expedition would struggle in temperatures reaching as high as 138 degrees; the powerful Emperor Mtesa of Uganda and the Wanyoro chief Mirambo would consume a great deal of Stanley's time and test his diplomatic skills; he would have to negotiate with a notorious Arab ivory and slave trader named Tippu-Tib for safe passage of his men through the great rain forest; and he and his men would fight more than thirty skirmishes and battles on land and water against hostile tribes.The geographic prizes Stanley achieved on this expedition were unparalleled. (See the two Stanley maps.) He spent almost two months circumnavigating Lake Victoria, confirming that the only outlet was at Ripon Falls and hence establishing for good, he thought, the source of the Nile. He scouted Lake Albert, then moved south and west to Lake Tanganyika, which he also circumnavigated, proving it had no connection with Lake Albert. Stanley then solved the remaining geographical puzzle, determining that the Lualaba was not part of the Niger or Nile rivers but ultimately flowed into the Congo. He reached the Atlantic Ocean on 9 August 1877, after a journey of more than seven thousand miles, in utter exhaustion. Back in London, he learned that Alice had not waited for him." (Delaney, Princeton Visual Materials, online). Mansell IV p. 379 Hilmy, II, p.258 Mendelssohn (1979) IV, p.379.

Savoy (London), Printed by Tho. Newcomb sold by Robert Boulter, 1679. Folio (370 x 245 mm). In contemporary full calf with six raised bands. Wear to extremities, corners bumped with loss of leather. Internally nice and clean. (18), 1123 pp. + frontispiece (lacking last 15 pp.). Rare first edition of the second collected folio of Reynolds works, according to Lowndes: “The best folio edition”. Reynolds was highly regarded as a preacher. “Many prized his written sermons and religious treatises. Collections of his works were first published in 1658 and 1679, followed by a complete six-volume edition in 1826.” (Beeke & Pedersen, Meet the Puritans) Edward Reynolds, bishop of Norwich, was born in Southampton in 1599. He was educated at Merton College, Oxford, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1618. He became a fellow in 1620, due to his ability in Greek, debate, and oratory. Later, he received a Master of Arts degree (1624) and a Doctor of Divinity degree (1648) from Cambridge. “Reynolds was chosen dean of Christ Church College (1648-51, 1659) and vice-chancellor of the university (1648-50). From 1657 to 1661, he served as vicar of St. Lawrence Jewry, so he was again heard in London. After Cromwell’s death in 1658, Reynolds became a leader of the Presbyterian clergy. He preached to Richard Cromwell’s Parliament several times in 1659 and 1660, counseling that radical political and doctrinal opinions be suppressed but that differences on secondary issues be tolerated. At the Restoration, he and Edmund Calamy were appointed chaplains to the king.” (Beeke & Pedersen, Meet the Puritans). Lowndes IV, p. 2077.

Leiden, Elie Luzac jun., 1750. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with five raised bands and richly gilt spine. Light wear to extremities, top of spine with small tear, otherwise a fine copy. XXXII, 440 pp. + 9 plates, primarily folded. First (and only) Dutch edition of the description of the voyage of the ships Dobbs and California to Hudson Bay in Canada (1746-1747), where they finally proved the nonexistence of a North West passage from Hudson Bay. "The first part contains a synopsis of twenty-three English voyages to discover the Northwest Passage, a history of the rise of the Hudson's Bay Company, and the discovery attempted from New England. The second part gives an account of a voyage under Captains Moor and Francis Smith, financed by private subscription, with Arthur Dobbs the leading subscriber. Ellis, also a subscriber, was hydrographer, surveyor, and mineralogist on the expedition, which proved, finally, the nonexistence of a Northwest Passage from Hudson Bay. The voyage led to a rapid decline of British interest in the search for a Northwest Passage, which was not revived until 1816. The work includes many valuable observations on tides, on the vagaries of the compass, and on the customs of the Eskimos, people then practically unknown" (Hill – referring the the original English edition from 1749). Sabin 22315

Paris, 1907. 8vo. Bound uncut in a later brown half calf with gilt title-label and gilt lines to spine. Neat marginal repairs to a few leaves and first two leaveas trimmed at lower margin. Signed author's presentation-inscription to half-title. (4), VIII, 403 pp. + 31 pp. of advertisements from Félix Alcan. Rare first edition, presentation-copy for Jean Baruzi, of Bergson's seminal main work, the "Creative Evolution", his most famous and influential book, which constitutes the great philosopher's cult-like showdown with Darwinian mechanism, which resulted in a theory of cosmic evolution that covered everything from biology and other sciences to metaphysics and religion.Jean Baruzi (1881-1953), an important French philosopher and historian of religion, specialized in Leibnitz and William James, was a student of Bergson. He was the author of a controversial dissertation, "St. John of the Cross and the Problem of Mystical Experience", which gave an existential-phenomenological description of religious andguish and the "lived experience" of the mystic. He was a professor at the Collège de Frace and held the Histoy of Religion chair after Alfred Loisy. In 1907, when Henri Bergson's third book, "Creative Evolution", was published, the seminal French philosopher, who had studied both mathematics and philosophy, possessed the professor chair of modern philosophy at the Collège de France. Though the book was the result of several years of extremely thorough research, Bergson himself could have hardly foreseen the effect that this book was going to have throughout the 19th century with an amazing revival in the 20th century, making him one of the most important philosophers of his time.Always committed to the reality of time as the basis and as a source of creative change, Bergson, in his magnum opus, sets out to free the sciences of psychology and biology from the materialism and mechanism that had dominated them in the late nineteenth century and due to which they had been made unable to explain creativity, growth and change. He makes an amazing new contribution to the theory of knowledge by providing an account of creative evolution and the creative mind, thereby freeing psychology and biology from a number of problems otherwise unsolvable through philosophical and scientific explanations. Bergson accepts the historical facts of evolution but rejects all the mechanistic and materialistic explanations of the evolutionary process. Like Darwin, he accepts natural selection as an explanation of extinction, but he does not accept it as an explanation of evolutionary change, and likewise with Lamarck, Spencer, and the orthogenesists, he accepts the foundational theories of evolution but only to the point at which mechanism or materialism sets in, instead of which, he basically explains further change and growth with a basic vital principle that accounts for creative changes.As such, "Creative Evolution" sets out to found a philosophy that can account for the continuity of all living things, for both the creation of life and the diversity that results from creation, and Bergson does this with his idea of an original vital principle, a governing immaterial force of life, a sort of natural creative impulse, that embraces the whole of life in one. The book was hugely popular when it appeared, and its immediate immense influence lasted a couple of decades, making Bergson an internationally acknowledged cult-like hero of a French intellectual. After the Second World War, though, the interest in Bergson decreased, only to be reawakened in the late 1960'ies where a growing interest in his works re-emerged, making him to this day one of the most read philosophers of the early 20th century. There can be no doubt as to the continued influence of his works.

Amsterdam, Henry Wetstein, 1688. Small 8vo. Contemp. full calf. Rebacked to style with raised bands. Corners renewed. Some scratches to covers. Engraved frontispiece (Schoonebeck, del. et sculp.) (10),139,(5) pp. and 35 engraved plates. A faint dampstain in upper part of the first ab. 50 leaves and first 7 plates, otherwise quite clean and printed on thick paper. First edition of this beautifully illustrated work, depicting the different instruments in baroque interieurs and in pictorial landscapes, engraved by A. Schoonebeck. - "The earliest account dealing exclusively with the subject, and especially valuable as the first work laying down rules for the graduation of the thermometer." (Sotheran No. 929, note). - "His detailed description of the principal meteorological instruments of the period is enriched with several new ideas, such as the calibration of the thermometric scale on the basis of two points of change of state: the point at which water freezes and - a much more contestable point - that at which butter melts." (DSB). - Unknown to Poggendorff. - Wellcome II: p. 28.

London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions", Vol. 157 - Part I. Titlepage to volume 155 and pp. 49-88. Titlepage with minor light browning at corners. Internally clean. A small stamp on verso of titlepage. First appearance of this seminal paper (in its full version from "Transactions"), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final "Theory of Gases" and introduces the "Maxwell Distribution" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be SOME OF THE GREATEST ADVANCES IN PHYSICS OF ALL TIMES. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt; but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.

Egypt (Cairo, but possibly Istanbul), Kütübhane-i Içtihad, 1909. 8vo. In later marbled wrappers. Light browning to title-page and a few occassional brownspots throughout, otherwise a good copy. In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). 159 pp. Rare first Turkish translation of Macbeth, printed in Ottoman Cairo. Between 1908 and 1910, Abdullah Cevdet produced a large oeuvre of translations, including four translations of Shakespeare's tragedies: Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, and Romeo and Juliet to Ottoman Turkish. "A Certain Abdullah Cevdet, a doctor of medicine, a polemist, a printer, was also known as a Shakespeare idolator as he always found a way of mentioning Shakespeare in all his talks and in all his writings. Abdullah Cevdet translated and published in his own printing house first in Cairo and then in Istanbul five of Shakespeare's play, beginning with Hamlet in 1908 and ending the series with Anthony and Cleopatra in 1921" (Turhan, Vahit. Shakespeare in Turkish). Although Macbeth was published the year after The Second Constitutional Era Abdülhamid II seemed to be even less tolerant of the dissemination of Macbeth, Hamlet, and Julius Caesar, all being about unjust rulers who were executed. The performances of these plays were subject to strict censorship in Ottoman dominated countries and they were banned from most of them. (Paker 1986: 91), which is most likely the reason for why Abdullah Cevdet was able to publish the translations of these plays only after 1908, though he presumably had finished translating possibly as early as 1902. Cevdet’s translation was introduced to the Turkish audience at a time when the discourse of westernization was prevalent. The translation coincided with the announcement of a Constitutional Revolution that led to the dethronement of Abdülhamit II and ultimately to the promotion of western-inspired reforms. Since Cevdet was one of the ardent supporters of an Ottoman Renaissance through westernization, his translation has been framed as a symbol of the western canon within the Turkish context. For instance, Demirkol regards Cevdet’s translation as an object of culture-planning which was sought to promote westernization. " (Durmus, Discourses on Hamlet’s Journey in Turkey).

Warszawa, 1887. 4to. In contemporary half calf with gilt lettering to spine and four raised bands. Spine with wear and top right corner (3 x 5 cm) of title-page lacking, not affecting text. Internally fine and clean. (4), II, 412, XVIII pp. Extremely rare first Polish translation of Darwin’s Journal of Researches: "His first published book is undoubtedly the most often read and stands second only to ‘On the origin of Species’ as the most often printed. It is an important travel book in its own right and its relation to the background of his evolutionary ideas has often been stressed."(Freeman p. 31).Freeman 223

Paris, 1931. Lex 8vo. Original printed wrappers. Quite worn - and clearly very thorougly read. Spine taped together. Wrappers chipped at edges, just touching inscription at front wrapper. Wrappers loose. Text nice and clean. (2), VII, (1), 136 pp. + 1 f. (blank). The rare first edition of the main work of transcendental phenomenology, Husserl's highly important "Cartesian Meditations" - which came to profoundly influence French philosophy for decades to come - with a very interesting presentation-inscription for the important philosopher, who is now primarily remembered for introducing the philosophy of Husserl to the English speaking public, "Herrn Prof. Chr. V. Salmon/ mit herzlichen Grüssen/ E Husserl"; Salmon famously translated Husserl's important Encyclopedia Britannica article on Phenomenology and lectured on Husserl in English, spreading his thoughts in the English speaking world - just as Lévinas did in France.This seminal work is based on two two-hour lectures that Husserl gave at the Sorbonne in 1929. Over the next couple of years, Husserl, together with his assistant Eugen Fink, expanded and elaborated upon the text of the lectures and had Lévinas and Gabrielle Peiffer translate them, under the supervision of Alexandre Kyré, Husserl's former student. The work was not published in German in Husserl's lifetime and only appereared in 1950. In 1960 an English translation appeared. The "Cartesian Meditations" constitutes Husserl's introduction to transcendental phenomenology and introduces many of his most important ideas - the transcendental reduction, the epoché, static and genetic phenomenology, eidetic reduction, and eidetic phenomenology. "Having received his M.A. in philosophy at Oxford, Christopher Verney Salmon studied with Husserl in Freiburg during the winter semester of 1922 and again during 1926-1927. In the summer of 1927 Salmon defended the doctoral dissertation that he had written under Husserl's direction, "The Central Problem of Hume's Philosophy: A Phenomenological Interpretation of the First Book of the "Treatise on Human Nature". The was published a year later in Husserl's "Jahrbuch", and Husserl refers to that forthcoming publication in his Bibliography to Draft A of the Article. A year after translating the EB article, Salmon was appointed a lecturer at the University of Belfast, and he continued to present Husserl's philosophy to the English-speaking public. On December 2, 1929 he delivered a lecture to the Aristotelian Society in London, "The Starting-Point of Husserl's Philosophy". Soon after that he helped W.R. Boyce Gibson read the page proofs of Boyce Gibson's translation of Husserl's "Ideas", and in 1932, a year after the work came out in English, Salmon published a review of it. However, contact between Salmon and Husserl fell off after that, and in the spring of 1937 Husserl noted that Professor Salmon had not written to him over the last years. Salmon published a brief article in French on Husserl in 1947. He died in 1960." (Sheehan and Palmer, the Preface to: Edmund Husserl: Psychological and Transcendental Phenomenology and the Confrontation with Heidegger (1927-1931), pp. 62-63).

Wiesbaden, J.F. Bergmann, 1889. Contemp. hcalf. Raised bands, gilt, titlelabel in leather with gilt lettering. Compartments richly blindtooled. A small crack to backhinge, board still holding. VIII,(1),319,(1) pp. 5 lithographed plates (numb. I-V, No. I in chromolitography) and 1 folded woodengraved plate (Tafel A). Internally fine and clean, but with some pencil undrlinings (easy toremove) and some underlinings in ink on the last leaves (from p. 304 ff). First edition of Nitze's important monograph on cystoscopy, which revolutionized the surgery of the bladder. The first edition is of renowned scarcity."The invention of the cystoscope by Nitze revolutionized endoscopy but his true genius lay in his lifelong pursuit of better methods to diagnose and treat patients with urological diseases and in teaching others the practical use and value of cystoscopy. He also designed the first operating cystoscope, took the first endoscopic photographs and published the first textbook in urology... The legacy of discovery of Max Nitze established the specialty of urology and a legitimate claim as the father of urology" (Harry W. Herr).Garrison & Morton: 4184.

(Slesvig, Nicolai Wegener), 1593. 4to. Helpergamentsbind fra 1600-taller. Ved ombindingen er bagerst indsat ca. 100 blanke blade. Forgyldt titeletiket i skind på ryg. Etiketten med lidt tab. Gl. ejernavn Bille Brahe (Hvedholm). 129 blade. På titelbladet er 2 linier, som var trykt med rødt overskrevet med sort. Blad 1b med stort træsnit af Danmarks våben. Blad 2a med helsides træsnit, Christian IV's portræt. Gl. ejernavn på titelbladet. Rent eksemplar trykt på kraftigt skrivepapir og med talrige samtidige tilskrifter i en net hånd. Yderst sjældent forekommende anden udgave (den første trykt af Brandis 1486) af den plattyske oversættelse af Jyske Lov ved Blasius Eckenberger. Der eksisterer kun en lille håndfuld bevarede eksemplarer i privat ejerskab. Det foreliggende eksemplar er en af varianteksemplarerne som er beskrevet af Lauritz Nielsen (Dansk Bibliografi, p.348, no.1072) og som gør sig bemærket ved flere udeladelser. Således er udeladt oversætterens eneretsprivilegium, dedikationen fra oversætteren, Chr. IV's autorisation m.v. (= læg 2 og 3). I dette eksemplar starter teksten med "Vörrede" som har arksignatur D og slutter med blad 139 b, som er et helsides træsnit af oversætterens bomærke. Repertoriet, som Eckenberger udgav 1594 sammen med loven er heller ikke tilstede.Lauritz Nielsen, 1072. - Thesaurus I, 167.

K., 1843-1845. Lidt senere sort hldrbd. Nedre kapitæl lidt stødt. Gennemgående vandskjold. (IV)+52+62+84+59+70+111pp. Originaludgave. Himmelstrup 85.

Leipzig, Thomas Fritschen, 1706. 4to. In contemporary full vellum with yapp edges and gilt lettering to spine. All edges coloured in red. Light wear to extremities. Ex-libris (Carl Juel, Danish statesman and owner of Valdemar's Castle) pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Two-line note in contemporary hand to front free end-paper. First 5 leaves evenly browned. A very nice and clean copy. (14), 786 pp. + frontispiece depicting Sophia Electress of Hanover, Hereditary Princess of England, mother of George I. The very rare first edition of this important and influential first English/German dictionary: “Thus when, in 1706, Ludwig inaugurated the history of bilingual German/English lexicography, it was as a somewhat late first entrant to the history of bilingual dictionaries among what we might today consider the ‘major’ languages of Europe, and certainly notably later than English–French, English–Spanish, English–Italian and English–Dutch lexicography. It is telling that Ludwig had recourse to the older practice of adapting an existing bilingual source. There were as yet no monolingual German dictionaries on which to draw.” (McLelland, Christian Ludwig (1660–1728) and the beginnings of German/English lexicography) Ludwig’s dictionary was not only the first but also so good it was do dominate the market for an entire century. The first leaves comprise a long dedication to Sophia, Electress of Hanover. For a time it looked as if she was to succeed to the throne of England, hence the relative sudden interest in Germany of such a dictionary. Sophia died less than two months before she would have become Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Consequently, her son George I became King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714. “Dedicating his 1706 dictionary to Sophia, Electoral Princess and duchess-dowager of Hanover, Ludwig remarked on the change in Anglo-German relations from previous entfremdung und widerwillen (‘alienation and antipathy’) to eine erwünschte vereinigung (‘a desired unification’) through the anticipated royal dynastic connection. In 1716 Ludwig similarly pointed out that his German–English dictionary was timely (‘an der zeit’), since the ascent of the Hanoverian George I to the throne in 1714 meant English and German people were now ‘würcklich verknüpfft’ (‘really connected’). (McLelland, Christian Ludwig (1660–1728) and the beginnings of German/English lexicography). It was reprinted in 1736, 1763 and 1791.

Berlin & Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter, 1925. Large 4to. (300x234mm). The entire volume 154 [(4),259,(1) pp.] offered here in original blank wrappers. Exceptionally fine. First edition of von Nuemann's first significant publication, in which he introduced the concept of classes, and gave the first finite axiomatisation of set theory.