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London, Taylor and Francis, 1864. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In "Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society", Volume 10. Fine and clean. Pp. (27)-83, (1) + the pasted on title-page. First appearance of Maxwell's landmark - and his very first published on electromagnetism - paper in which he anticipates many of the fundamental ideas presented in his famous four-part paper "On Physical Lines of Force" (1861-2) in which he derived the equations of electromagnetism. The present paper ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.Maxwell began his researches on electromagnetism following the completion of his studies at Cambridge in 1854. They were aimed at constructing, at a theoretical level, a unified mathematical theory of electric and magnetic phenomena that would express the methods and ideas of Faraday as an alternative to the theory of Weber." This programme was announced in his first article, 'On Faraday's lines of force', in 1856, and continued in two other major texts, 'On physical lines of force' in 1861-1862 and 'A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field' in 1865. According to a famous passage in its preface, the Treatise (1873) represented the outcome of this programme" (Landmark Writings, p. 569). "Maxwell's first paper, "On Faraday's Line of Force" (1855-1856), was divided into two parts, with supplementary) examples. Its origin may he traced in a long correspondence with Thomson, edited by Larmor in 1936. Part 1 was an exposition of the analogy between lines of force and streamlines in an incompressible fluid. It contained one notable extension to Thomson's treatment of the subject and also an illuminating opening discourse on the philosophical significance of analogies between different branches of physics. This was a theme to which Maxwell returned more than once. His biographers print in full an essay entitled "Analogies in Nature," which he read a few months later (February 1856) to the famous Apostles Club at Cambridge; this puts the subject in a wider setting and deserves careful reading despite its involved and cryptic style. Here, as elsewhere, Maxwell's metaphysical speculation discloses the influence of Sir William Hamilton, specifically of Hamilton's Kantian view that all human knowledge is of relations rather than of things. The use Maxwell saw in the method of analogy was twofold. It crossfertilized technique between different fields, and it served as a golden mean between analytic abstraction and the method of hypothesis. The essence of analogy (in contrast with identity) being partial resemblance, its limits must be recognized as clearly as its existence; yet analogies may help in guarding against too facile commitment to a hypothesis. The analogy of an electric current to two phenomena as different as conduction of heat and the motion of a fluid should, Maxwell later observed, prevent physicists from hastily assuming that "electricity is either a substance like water, or a state of agitation like heat. "The analogy is geometrical: "a similarity between relations, not a similarity between the things related."" (DSB)The 1856 paper has been eclipsed by Maxwell's later work, but its originality and importance are greater than is usually thought. Besides interpreting Faraday's work and giving the electrotonic function, it contained the germ of a number of ideas which Maxwell was to revive or modify in 1868 and later an integral representation of the field equations (1868),the treatment of electrical action as analogous to the motion of an incompressible fluid (1869, 1873), the classification of vector functions into forces and fluxes (1870), and an interesting formal symmetry in the equations connecting A, B, E, and H, different from the symmetry commonly recognized in the completed field equations. The paper ended with solutions to a series of problems, including an application of the electrotonic function to calculate the action of a magnetic field on a spinning conducting sphere.

Paris, 1869. 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Wrappers frayed at edges, a bit soiled, and with some stains. A bit of brownspotting. Last leaves with a, mostly marginal, damp stain. First few leaves a bit frayed at edges. VII, (1), 238 pp. Illustrated. Scarce first edition of the first book explicitly devoted to solar energy, "Solar Energy and its Industrial Applications", which coincided with the unveiling of Mouchot's largest solar steam engine, the so-called "Sun Engine", in 1869, which caused a revolution in the development of solar thermal power. His 1869 work constitutes a milestone of what we now call "green energy", as it laid the foundation for our understanding of the conversion of solar radiation into mechanical power driven by steam.Auguste Mouchot was a French mathematics teacher, who in the 1860'ies became famous as the designer (and patent-taker) of the first machine that generated electricity with solar thermal energy electricity by the exposure of the sun. Mouchot began his work with solar energy in 1860 after expressing grave concerns about his country's dependence on coal. His work on solar energy and on the development of his sun machine forms the basis for the later developments on solar energy. "The work of Adams, Ericsson, and Shuman had been directly influenced by the solar conceptions of Augustin Mouchot, a man who arrived on the scene in nineteenth century France at precisely that moment when his ideas were likely to attract the most attention. It was a time when French industrial might was at a peak and her leaders open to new ideas, none more so than her emperor. In 1867, to commemorate the explosion of technology that had accompanied the industrial and artistic carnival over which he had presided for 15 years, France's Napoleon III decided to invite the whole world to an international exposition that he would host in Paris." (Kryza, The Power of Light, p. 147). "His initial experiments involved a glass-enclosed, water-filled iron cauldron, in which sunlight passed through a glass cover, heating the water. This simple arrangement boiled water, but it also produced small quantities of steam. Mouchot added a reflector to concentrate additional radiation onto the cauldron, thus increasing the steam output. He succeeded in using his apparatus to operate a small, conventional steam engine. Impressed by Mouchot's device, Emperor Napoleon III offered financial assistance, which Mouchot used to produce refinements to the energy system. Mouchot's work help lay the foundation for our current understanding of the conversion of solar radiation into mechanical power driven by steam.The publication of his book on solar energy, "La Chaleur solaire et ses Applications industrielles" (1869), coincided with the unveiling of the largest solar steam engine he had yet built. This engine was displayed in Paris until the city fell under siege during the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, and was not found after the siege ended." (The Energy Library).

(Paris), Gallimard, (1951). 8vo. Bound uncut and with the original printed wrappers, also the spine, in a wonderful grey full morocco binding with splendid line-gilding and gilt lettering to spine and onlays of coloured morocco (eight different colours) in a weve-like pattern with gilt outline to boards. top-edge gilt. Binding by Henning Jensen, gilding by Leif Hagel Olsen and design by Jens Bork. Gilt super ex-libris to inside of front board. A very nice and clean copy. 382, (2) pp. First edition, review-copy (Service de Presse-copy - "S. P." to bottom of title-page and on back wrapper) of "The Rebel", one of Camus' greatest works, with signed presentation-inscription to front free end-paper to the famous critic of literature and drama, the writer Guy Dumur (1921-1991).The younger Guy Dumur was a close friend of Camus, who hired him to work on "Combat" with him. It is reported that he had a great talent for discovering new talent. Since childhood, he was extremely passionate about the theatre and came to work with all the great dramatic figures in Paris at the time. He is also famous for a number of well respected novels.Famous for it's opening lines "What is a rebel? A man who says no: but whose refusal does not imply a renunciation. He is also a man who says yes as soon as he begins to think for himself. A slave who has taken orders all his life, suddenly decides that he cannot obey some new command. What does he mean by saying 'no'?", the novel addresses themes that have never lost their relevance, like terrorism, rebellion, art, etc., and counts as one of the great literary productions of the 20th century.

Paris, Gallimard, 1954. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Excellent copy. First edition, Service de presse-copy, i.e. review-copy ("S.P" to bottom of title-page and to verso of back wrapper), with an excellent presentation-inscription, of Camus' magnificent and highly influential collection of essays entitled "Summer". The copy is inscribed to Camus' close friend and ally in numerous respects, Jean Paulhan: "a Jean Paulhan/ en affectueuse pensée/ Albert Camus" on half-title. The famous French writer, literary critic and publisher Jean Paulhan (1884-1964) shared many things with Camus, with whom he grew very close. Not only did he participate actively in the publication of Camus' first books by Gallimard, was one of the first to see the true value of Camus' "The Stranger", he was also a confidante of Camus, who considered Paulhan one of the main reasons that he became a proper author. In a letter to Paulhan dated September 17, 1952, at the moment of break with Sartre, Camus writes: "Ever since I (thanks to you) became what is called an author, I have not ceased to be astonished by my brethren. Sometimes, it is true, in the sense of admiration. Today it is in another sense." (Depuis que je suis devenu (en peu grâce à vous) ce qu'on apelle écrivain, je n'ai pas cessé d'être étonné par mes confrères. Parfois dans le sens de l'admiration, il est vrai. Aujourd'hui c'est dans un autre sens.).Paulhan was an early and active member of the French Resistance, director of the literary magazine Nouvelle Revue Française (NRF) (from 1925 to 1940 and again from 1946 to 1968) and a great translator of Malagasy poetry, which attracted the interest of the likes of Guillaume Apollinaire and Paul Éluard. He also wrote numerous works of literary criticism, "The Flowers of Tarbes, or Terror in Literature" (1941) probably being the most famous, and he wrote several autobiographical short stories. After the war, Paulhan he founded "Cahiers de la Pléiade", and in 1953 he re-launched NRF.Interestingly, especially in connection with Camus' famous essays in "L'été", which are devoted entirely to his beloved Algiers, Paulhan was loudly against independence for Algeria. He caused great controversy by opposing independence and supporting the French military during the Algerian War. This not only caused public problems for him, it also cost him on the personal front, as for instance Maurice Blanchot denounced him. The essays in "L'été" are devoted to Algiers and represent a very personal side of Camus, who provides a marvelous poetic and humorous picture of the provincial simplicities of Oran and Algiers. For many Camus-devotees, "L'Été" constitutes one of the most beloved works, as it gives the feel of a certain intimacy with the author that few of his other works does. "In "Return to Tipasa", perhaps the most confessional essay in "Summer", which dates from a long trip to Algeria in December 1952, Camus issues his now famous testimony of survival - "In the depths of winter, I finally learned that within me lay an invincible summer" (Hawes: Camus, A Romance, 2009, pp. 181-82).

Trondhjem, Tønnes Andreas Høeg, 1840. 4to. Entire volume present. Later very nice brown hcalf w. gilt spine (Anker Kyster). Pp. (1) - 100. Entire volume: (2), 127, (3) pp. With the general title-page for the volume, title-pages and prefaces for the two works contained in the present volume, and the contents-leaf. The other work is: "Den Constitutionelle Statsform, betragtet i dens Forhold til Samfundets høiere Interesser. Tale holden i det Kongl. Norske Videnskabers=Selskab paa hans Majestæt Kongens Fødselsdag den 26de Januae 1838, af Frederik Moltke Bugge, Selskabets Præses." The scarce first printing of Schopenhauer's "Prize Essay", "On the Freedom of Human Will", which constitutes one of Schopenhauer's greatest successes, one of the works of which he was the most proud, and the work that was awarded the large gold medal from the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences, being an answer to the proposed question from the Society "Is it possible to demonstrate human free will from self-consciousness?". The following year, Schopenhauer wrote his "On the Foundations of Morality" ("Über die Grundlage der Moral"), which he sent to the Royal Danish Society of Sciences, but which was not honoured with an award, although it was the only submission to the competition. It is these two works that together constitute his "Two Fundamental Problems of Ethics" ("Die Beiden Grundprobleme der Ethik"), which was published in 1941. The title-page and the preface are in Norwegian, but the essay itself is in German, "partly because a translation would undoubtedly be superfluous, even unwelcome by anyone who possesses enough scientific education to lead the treatise with interest and knowledge, partly because the copies that would be given to the author would probably lack all interest to him, if they were printed in the Norwegian language, and finally partly because the esoteric nature of the contents seem to make it preferable that the treatise, as far as possible, would not be made accessible to others than those, who due to fairly thorough education are able to avoid misunderstandings as well as being able to properly appraise the value of the treatise, with regards to its reality, in general and partially [own translation - Introduction, pp. (2) - (3).].Schopenhauer's work is generally accepted as being one of the most brilliant and elegant treatments of free will and determinism. He clearly and elegantly distinguishes between the freedom of acting and the freedom of willing. His conclusion is that human beings do have the freedom of acting, whereas they do not have the freedom of willing, since they are completely determined by the way that their bodies react to outside stimuli and causes. From the libraries of the two notable collectors Ejnar Christiansen and Esli Dansten.

Cambridge, at the University Press, 1903. Royal 8vo. Original blue full cloth binding, all edges uncut. Capitals and upper front hinge with a bit of wear and corners a little bumped. But otherwise a very nice copy. Internally fresh and clean. XXIX, (1), 534 pp. The uncommon first edition of Russell's landmark work in mathematical logic, in which theory of logicism is put forth and in which Russell introduces that which is now known as "Russell's Paradox". The work constitutes the forerunner of Russell and Whitehead's monumental "Principia Mathematica", and it seminally influenced logical thought and theories of the foundations of mathematics at this most crucial time for the development of modern mathematical and philosophical logic."The present work has two main objects. One of these, the proof that all pure mathematics deals exclusively with concepts definable in terms of a very small number of fundamental logical concepts, and that its propositions are deducible from a very small number of fundamental logical principles, is undertaken in Parts II. - VI. Of this Volume, and will be established by strict symbolic reasoning in Volume II. ... The other object of the work, which occupies Part I., is the explanation of the fundamental concepts which mathematics accepts as indefinable. ..." (Russell, Preface, p. (III)).At the age of 27, in 1898, Russell began working on the book that became "The Principles of Mathematics". He originally set out to investigate the contradiction that is inherent in the nature of number, and he originally imagined doing this from a Hegelian standpoint. However, after having read Whitehead's "Universal Algebra", Russell gave up his Hegelian approach and began working on a book that was to be entitled "An Analysis of Mathematical Reasoning". This book never appeared, as he gave it up in 1900, but much of it is what lies at the foundation of "The Principles of Mathematics". After having attended a congress in Paris in 1899, where Peano was present, Russell began rewriting large parts of the work, now with the aim of proving that all of mathematics could be reduced to a few logical concepts, that that which is called mathematics is in reality nothing but later deductions from logical premises. And thus he had developed his landmark thesis that mathematics and logic are identical; a thesis that came to have a profound influence on logic and the foundations of mathematics throughout the 20th century.Since the congress, Russell had worked with the greatest of enthusiasm, and he finished the manuscript on the 31st of December 1900. However, in the spring of 1901, he discovered "The Contradiction", or as it is now called, "Russell's Paradox". Russell had been studying Cantor's proof, and in his own words, the paradox emerged thus: "Before taking leave of fundamental questions, it is necessary to examine more in detail the singular contradiction, already mentioned, with regard to predicates not predictable of themselves. Before attempting to solve this puzzle, it will be well to make some deductions connected with it, and to state it in various different forms. I may mention that I was led to endeavour to reconcile Cantor's proof that there can be no greatest cardinal number with the very plausible supposition that the class of all termes (which we have seen to be essential to all formal propositions) has necessarily the greatest possible number of members." (p. 101). The class of all classes that are not members of themselves, is this class a member of itself or not? The question was unanswerable (if it is, then it isn't, and if it isn't, then it is) and thus a paradox, and not just any paradox, this was a paradox of the greatest importance. Since, when using classical logic, all sentences are entailed by contradiction, this discovery naturally sparked a huge number of works within logic, set theory, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of mathematics, etc. Russell's own solution to the problem was his "theory of types", also developed in 1903.In December 1902 Russell had come to the point where he could write a preface, and the book finally appeared in May 1903. It was printed in merely 1.000 copies, and although it was well received, it was not a bestseller at its appearance. By 1909 the last copies of the first run were at the bookbinders. However, the book did play an enormous role in the development of mathematical and philosophical logic as well as the foundation of mathematics throughout the 20th century. Wittgentein's immense interest in the philosophy of logic stems from his reading of the present work and from Frege's "Foundations of Arithmetic", and no logician could neglect the impact of this seminal work, which still counts as one of the most important philosophical and logical works of the 20th century. The book also played an important part in spreading the works of Cantor and Frege to the English-speaking world. In 1903 the Spectator wrote "we should say that Mr. Russell has an inherited place in literature or statesmanship waiting for him if he will condescend to come down to the common day." Shearman's review in Mind hailed it as the most important work since Boole's "Laws of Thought". "Bertrand Arthur William Russell (b.1872 - d.1970) was a British philosopher, logician, essayist, and social critic, best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His most influential contributions include his defense of logicism (the view that mathematics is in some important sense reducible to logic), and his theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism. Along with G.E. Moore, Russell is generally recognized as one of the founders of analytic philosophy. Along with Kurt Gödel, he is also regularly credited with being one of the two most important logicians of the twentieth century." (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).Russell had actually planned to write a second volume of the work, but as the contents of this further development would overlap considerably with the further research that Whitehead had undertaken after his "Universal Algebra", which he also planned two write a second volume of, the two great logicians decided to collaborate on that which became the "Principia Mathematica", which appeared 1910-13.

Kiøbenhaffn, Henrich Waldkirch, 1610. Folio. (30 x 20 cm.). Indbundet i et noget senere (omkr. 1740), velbevaret helldrbd. 4 ophøjede bind på ryggen. 2 intakte lukkestroppe af støbt messing. (32),DXLVII (=547),(29) pp. Titelbladet trykt i rød/sort, Der er to varianter af titelbladet, det ene med Vedels portræt på bagsiden, det andet uden, som her. Indvendig et stort udmærket og ganske rent eksemplar med kun lettere brugsspor. Gl. ejernamvne på titelbladet. På forsatse er indklæbet 29 små kobberstukne portrætter af danske konger taget fra et andet værk. 2. udgaven af den første dansk-sprogede Saxo-Udgave - et monumentalværk i dansk sprog og litteratur, idet værket først med Vedels oversættelse nåede frem til den almene læser, "skrevet på et rent og frodigt dansk... langt senere blev den en sproglig inspirationskilde for romantikkens danske digtere...(DBL).Thesaurus 205.

Paris, 1790-92. (Atlas: Paris, chez Plassan, 1792). 8vo and 4to. Textvolumes bound uncut in 10 cont. blue boards with gilt titlelabels in red on backs. Corners a little bumped and bindings with a few scratches. Atlas-volume in 4to bound in cont. green boards, some scratches to back. With all 88 engraved plates (both numbered in relation to the corresponding textvolume and with numbering 1-88) comprising 4 large folded maps, plate 1-65 single-page, plate 70-88 double- page First French edition of "Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile in the Years 1768....Edinburgh, 1790." - "If Cook was the first truly modern "scientific" maritime explorer, James Bruce has some claim to be the first scientific continental explorer. When he set out in 1768, his object was to establish the position of the Source of the Nile for the sake of advancing knowledge. He did reach and provided a wealth of other geographical, botanical, and archaeological information on Ethiopia and the Nile Valley as well as gaining a unique knowledge of the Ethiopians as a result of his close involvement with them for two years" (Roy bridges). - Brunet I:1283. - Nissen ZBI: 618. - Volume 10 comprises "Quatre Voyages dans le pays des Hottentots et la Cafrerie en 1777, 1778 & 1779" by William Paterson.

Lyon, Franciscus le Preux, 1592. Small 8o. Early 19th century half calf with gilt title-label to spine. A bit of wear to hinges and corners, but fine and tight. Internally exceptionally nice and clean. P. Rubow's owner's signature to front free end-paper. Woodcut vignettes to title-pages and woodcut initials at beginning of both parts. (8), 88; 270 pp, 1 blank leaf, (16 ff. of indexes and errata at end). Scarce first edition thus, being the editio princeps of Casaubon's milestone-edition of the seminal work that is Theophrastus' "Characters", containing, apart from the original Greek text and Casaubon's translation of it into Latin, also Casaubon's highly important commentary of the text. "This edition, which was frequently reprinted (1598-1612-1617-1638, &c.), is in every respect worthy of the high reputation of Casaubon. Both the text and the notes have served almost every subsequent editor. The Commentary is a rich mine of Grecian literature. The editor availed himself of the use of four MSS. in the Palatine library". (Dibdin).Theophrastus (ca. 371- ca. 287 BC), Aristotle's successor at the Lyceum, and probably the most famous Aristotelian of all times, successfully presided over the Peripatetic School for 36 years and here wrote a number of works. The most famous of them is arguably his great moral opus "The Characters", which continues to amaze readers to this day. It introduced the "character sketch", which became the core of the Character as a genre, and as such influenced the entire literary tradition of the Western world. The fabulous, very witty, astute, harsh, and insightful characteristics of type characters of the human race have been formative for our understanding of moral virtues and vices and for how man expresses them, for our understanding of human nature in general. It is no wonder that the work became so popular and widely read during the Renaissance, the era of man as the centre of the universe. The French-English classical scholar and philologist Isaac Casaubon (1559 - 1614) was regarded by many of his time as the most learned man in Europe. He is famous for his magnificent commentaries and deep understanding of the texts that he edited, translated, and commented. His edition of Theophrastus's Characters is considered a work of breakthrough, as it constitutes the first example of his peculiar style of illustrative commentary, at once apposite and profuse. This work is generally considered to exhibit his most characteristic excellences as a commentator.The present edition came to exercise a profound influence upon the interpretation of Theophrastus' great work. Casaubon's commentary served as the standard commentary for centuries, and his translation remains a standard translation of the text. The present work thus remains a primary reference and a primary source when reading the work today.The commentary provided much commentary on Athenian society, and the translation popularized the text, making it available to modern (Renaissance) readers. Due to the excellent manner of translation into Latin, the first English and French translations of this foundational text were enabled.The work was reprinted numerous times and kept appearing for centuries. "Nouvelle revision du texte sur 4 mss. Palatins accompagnée d'une nouvelle trad. latine et d'un commentaire excellent." (Graesse VII:125). Dibdin II:501.

Kjøbenhavn [Copenhagen], 1845. Lex8vo. Nice contemporary brown half cloth with gilt title to spine. Capitals worn and wear along upper front hinge. Corners worn. In spite of the wear, an attractive and tight copy. First and last leaves with a bit of brownspotting, otherwise only light occasional spotting. Old owner's signature to title-page. VIII, 383 pp. First edition of one of Kierkegaard's main works, "Stages on Life's Way", his pivotal sequal to his main work, "Either-Or", in which he had presented the first two stages, the aesthetic and the ethical. In "Stages on Life's Way", he continues his work on these stages and moves on to present also the religious stage, which takes up ab. two thirds of the work. The religious stage is that in which man attains a personal relationship with God and that in which man only truly begins to exist, as the aesthetic and ethical stages are inadequate. It is in this foundational work, in the religious stage, that Kierkegaard first properly describes what is now known as the "Leap of Faith" (in fact a "leap to faith"), namely the leap that involves willing and belief in stead of reason and knowledge, the leap that you make in order to connect to God and which requires that which he calls "the suspension of the ethical". Stages on Life’s Way is one of Kierkegaard’s most important works. Not only does it sum up and explain some of the most important themes of Kierkegaard’s previous works, utilizing the characters and pseudonymous authors of the earlier works to do so; it goes beyond these foundational themes, introduces the religious stage, and points to the further development of the central themes in Kierkegaard’s philosophy, most of which are only fully developed in Concluding Unscientific Postscript.

La Haye, Dètune, 1779. 8vo. Five very nice contemporary full mottled calf bindings with gilt title- and tome-labels to richly gilt backs, triple gilt line-borders to boards and single gilt line-ornamentation to edges of boards. Marbled adges. Minor repairs to a few capitals, but overall a very nice copy indeed. Internally very nice, clean, and fresh; printed on good paper. One leaf of volume one with neatly closed tear. Old owner's name to title-page of volume 5. Title-pages printed in red and black. With book-plates of Fritz Trieboe/Twilboe (?), A. Gedeon, and C. Rasch. Frontis-piece portrait, 425 pp.; XII, 549 pp. (last leaf uncut an folded); VIII, 526 pp.; VIII, 456 pp. + 9 engraved plates, of which 8 are folded; VIII, 462 pp. + 5 folded engraved plates, (1) p (directions for the book binder. In all 14 engraved plates, of which 13 are folded. Scarce first edition of Pascal's collected works, comprising much significant material printed for the first time as well as the second appearance of the announcement of Pascal's groundbreaking calculating machine, the first edition (privately printed) of which from 1645 is impossibly scarce, making this the earliest obtainable edition of the seminal text. "Pascal designed his first mechanical adding machine in 1642. He was not the first to design and construct a mechanical calculator..." but in contrast to Schickard's accomplishments which were destined for a history of obscurity, Pascal, in contrast, "constructed about fifty examples of his machine, of which several are extant; and the machine was well known to the cognoscenti, both through Pascal's own efforts (he hoped to make a profit selling them) and through Diderot's later description of it in the "Encyclopédie" (1751)... In 1645 Pascal published an eighteen-page pamphlet - now extremely rare - describing his calculating machine... The pamphlet does not identify a place of printing or a printer's name, so we may assume that Pascal himself paid for its printing. When we wrote this bibliography, OCLC cited only two copies of this pamphlet in one French library and no copies and North America." The pamphlet was reprinted, along with additional material, in volume IV (pp. 7-30) of the present "Oeuvres". The additional material consists of Pascal's 1650 letter to Queen Christina of Sweden; the privilege for its construction and sale issued in 1649 and published for the first time here ; and Diderot's description of it for the "Encyclopédie", along with two plates. Also of interest here is the reprint of Pascal's 1654 paper introducing his triangle of binominal coefficients (Pascal's Triangle), included in Volume V, pages 1-54. Pascal's invention "predated the concepts of computation of the values of polynomial functions by differences." (Lee 1995, 538)." (Origins of Cyberspace No. 13). In the present edition the Pascal-Noël correspondence on the vacuum is also printed for the first time, along with other pieces on the vacuum as well as his correspondence with Fermat and deRibeyre.Origins of Cyberspace: 13.Brunet: IV,395; Tchemerzine: IX, p78, f): "Les Oeuvres Scientifiques de Pascal sont recueillies dans l'édition des Oeuvres, La Haye, chez Detune, libraire, 1779. 5 vol. in 8. Titre rouge et noir. Publiée par l'Abbé Bossut. Les oeuvres scientifiques occupent les tomes IV et V."

Paris, Charles-Antoine Jambert, 1737-38. 4to. Bound in 2 cont. full calf. 5 raised bands, richly gilt compartments. Title-and tomelabels in leather on back. Bindings with light wear to hinges, so that the cords are occasionally showing, and some cracking of leather at upper and lower compartment, but binding tight. A little wear to spine ends, otherwise fine. Half-title, engraved frontispiece (by Cochin), title ind red/black, (6) pp. (= dedication a Monsieur Turgot),XVI,198,(1) (Errata leaf) ; VIII,180 pp. Volume one having 44 fine engraved plates (42 double-or triple-page, 2 single-page) and 9 engraved head- and tail-pieces. Volume two having 112 fine engraved plates (numb. 1-99, no. 25 omitted and 13 with double- or triple numbering) and 3 head- and tail-pieces. Most of the plates drawn and engraved by Blondel. All text-pages printed within a borderline. On good thick paper, fresh and clean. First edition, first issue (errata leaf and "Rue St. Jacques" for the printer on title) of Blondel's main architectural work, his monumental four-volume encyclopaedia of French buildings, which also constitutes his first work. The work is one of the most influential architectural treatises of the eighteenth century, as well as being one of the most comprehensive, beautiful and celebrated architectural works of the Rococco-period.Jacques-François Blondel (1705-74) is considered the most significant French architectural educator of the eighteenth century. After having produced his first work, the seminal "De la Distribution..." at the age of 33, Blodel was so admired that he was asked to produce engravings for the festival book commemorating the celebration of the wedding of Madame Elizabeth of France to Dom Philippe of Spain. In 1740 he opened the "Ecole des Arts" with his architectural courses and became one of the earliest founders of schools of architecture in France, for which he was distinguished by the French Academy. Both through these couses and his works, he greatly influenced many later architects, such as Brongniart, Chalgrin, Desprez, Rondelet, as well as many other Europeans, who took Neoclassicism back with them from Paris. In 1755 he was inducted into the Académie Archtecture and he was appointed architect to Louis XV. He also contributed to the great Éncyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert.The first volume of his main work deals with the design of houses, the second with exterior ornamentation and interior designs and lay-out of gardens. Brunet I:977; Cohen-Ricci: 156-57.

Christiania, Lehmann og Grøndahl, 1814. Lille 8vo. Indbundet i 3 samtidige ensartede hldrbd. Rygforgyldning. Forgyldte titelfelter. 2 kapitæler lidt slidte, det ene repareret med tape. bind 1 med en mindre papirsetiket påsat ryggen. Stempel på 3 titelblade. Hefte 1-2: (2),67;(2),104 pp. - Hefte 3-4: (2),104;(2),108 pp. - Hefte 5-6: (2),107;(2),128 pp. Titelbladene er de originale bogtrykte hefteomslag, trykt på kraftigere papir. Enkelte, svage spredte brunpletter. En bladkant bortrevet med tab af enkelte bogstaver (1. hefte p.53). Det sjældne originaltryk af forarbejderne til den Norske Grundlov, forhandlingerne på Rigsforsamlingen på Eidsvold.Norges Grundlov blev vedtaget af Rigsforsamlingen i Eidsvoldsbygningen den 16. maj og dateret næste dag, 17. maj 1814. Samme dag blev regenten, Kronprinds Christian Frederik af Danmark valgt til konge. Grundloven blev underskrevet og beseglet af alle repræsentanterne den 18. maj, og Rigsforsamlingen blev afsluttet den 19. maj, da Christian Frederik accepterede valget som konge af Norge.Scarce first edition of all the minutes from Norway's Constitutional Assembly, immediately leading to the first Norwegian Constitution of May 17, 1814.

Gera-Untermhaus, (1896-1905). Folio. 12 orig. hcloth, gilt backs. Backs with traces of use and some hinges reinforced, corners a little bumped. Top of spine a little worn on a few vols. Internally fine. Textillustr. and 449 plates of which 439 are fine chromolithographed plates. Anker no.356. The old text from the edition in 1822-60 has been preserved unaltered, corrections in footnotes. The figures for all the plates have been re-drawn and show the birds in their natural surroundings. Amon the many artists are O.Kleinschmidt, J.G. Keulemans, O. van Riesenthal and others. The eggs are figured in a series of special plates, based on Eugene Rey's Collection.

London, Bowyer and J. Nichols, 1774. 4to. Contemp. full sprinkled calf. Raised bands. Richly gilt compartments. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. Light wear to spine ends. Light wear to edges. Corners a bit bumped. Folded engraved maps as frontispiece. VIII,253 pp.,14 folded engraved plates (incl. 2 charts), folded letterpress tables. Wide-margined with a few scattred brownspots. A few leaves and plates with light browning. First edition. "An important addition to nautical science which does honor to its author. Besides of a journal of the voyage, it contains a descriptive catalogue of the natural productions of Spitzbergen." (Sabin). Phipps here mapped the northern part of Spitzbergen."First edition of the official account written by Captain Phipps, later Lord Mulgrave. This expedition of the Racehorse and Carcass, undertaken for the purpose of discovering a route to India through the northern polar regions, was blocked by pack ice north of Spitzbergen. The valuable appendix gives geographical and meteorological observations, zoological and botanical records, accounts of the distillation of fresh water from the sea, and astronomical observations. The voyage is perhaps best remembered for the presence of young Horatio Nelson, as midshipman aboard the Carcass, and his encounter with a polar bear" (Hill).Sabin, 62572.

London, Howlett and Brimmer, 1824. Small 8vo. Bound in 2 very nice full red longgrained morocco, richly gilt backs, all edges gilt, broad gilt and blindtooled borders on covers, inside gilt borders. With 4 halftitles, 4 engraved handcoloured frontispieces and 76 fine hand-coloured plates (stipple-and line engravings), in all 80 plates. Text, as well as leaves fine and clean. A beautiful copy of the Howlett & Brimmer edition from 1824, based on the original French edition from 1811. - Colas 435 and Lipperheide No 1525. - Abbey No. 535.

(Paris), Minuet, 1967. 8vo. Original wrappers. An excellent, very nice, clean, and fresh copy, with only faint tanning to wrappers. Spine a bit browned. Internally near mint. 445, (3) pp. First edition (20 Septembre, 1967, numéro 630) - SIGNED PRESENTATION-COPY FOR ANDRÈ GREEN AND WIFE - of Derrida's seminal main work, the foundational text for deconstructive criticism.1967 marks a turning point in the history of modern philosophy, constituting the birth of "Deconstruction". In this one year, Derrida publishes all of his three break-through books, "De la grammatologie", "L'écriture et la difference" and "La Voix et le phenomene", profoundly altering the course of modern thought. Although all three books are responsible for the introduction of Deconstruction, it is primarily "De la Grammatologie", Derrida's magnum opus, that has come to be associated with this groundbreaking concept.This magnificent presentation-copy of Derrida's main work unites two of the greatest intellectual thinkers of the 20th century, both having profoundly altered the face of psychoanalysis and intellectual history in general. As Derrida is considered one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century, so André Green (1927 - 2012) is considered one of the most important psychoanalytic thinkers of our times, creating what is now known as the Greenian theory of psychoanalysis."Jacques Derrida's revolutionary theories about deconstruction, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, and structuralism, first voiced in the 1960's, forever changed the face of European and American criticism. The ideas in "De la grammatologie" sparked lively debates in intellectual circles that included students of literature, philosophy, and the humanities, inspiring these students to ask questions of their disciplines that had previously been considered improper. Thirty years later, the immense influence of Derrida's work is still igniting controversy..." (Review, Spivak's translation of Derrida's "Of Grammatology", 1997).Derrida's concern is to bring to light the binary schema that is hidden in all kinds of texts and ideas of culture. In the present text Derrida brilliantly reveals some of the principles of deconstruction, not through theoretical explication, but, rather, by demonstration, showing that the arguments promulgated by their subject-matter exceed and contradict the oppositional parameters in which they are situated. Put into other words, deconstruction seeks to expose, and then to subvert, the various binary oppositions that undergird our dominant ways of thinking.The ideas that Derrida here present have had an enormous impact on a number of the human sciences, including psychology, literary theory, cultural studies, linguistics, feminism, sociology and anthropology. Due to this work, a whole new world of problematic suppression and marginalisation has become apparent, making "De la grammatologie" one of the most important philosophical works of the later part of the 20th century. "One of the major works in the development of contemporary criticism and philosophy". (J. Hillis Miller, Yale University).

London, Macmillan, 1968. Large8vo. In contemporary full green cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Nature", vol. 220, 1968. Entire vol. 220, October - December offered. Small white paper label pasted on to lower part of spine. Stamps to fore edges. Pasted down- and free end-papers with stamps and paper labels from Gettysburg College Library. "Withdrawn"-stamps to pasted down front end-paper and front free end-paper. P. 650. [Entire volume: (2), 1366, III- XXVIII pp.]. First appearance of this short paper in which the taxonomy of coronaviruses is first presented and which also coins the name “Coronavirus”, accepted by the International Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses. Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960'ies and by mid-1967 it was recognized that viruses IBV, MHV, B814 and 229E were structurally and biologically similar so that they form a distinct group. Using electron microscopy, the three viruses were shown to be morphologically related by their general shape and distinctive club-like spikes. Tyrrell met Waterson and Almeida in London to decide on the name of the viruses. Almeida had earlier suggested the term "influenza-like" because of their resemblance, but Tyrrell thought it inappropriate and not very precise. Almeida came up with the unusual name "coronavirus". “Even though we could only base our judgement on the electron microscope images we were quite certain that we had identified a previously unrecognized group of viruses. So what should we call them? 'Influenza-like' seemed a bit feeble, somewhat vague, and probably misleading. We looked more closely at the appearance of the new viruses and noticed that they had a kind of halo surrounding them. Recourse to a dictionary produced the Latin equivalent, corona, and so the name coronavirus was born.” (Cold Wars: The Fight Against the Common Cold) “Particles [of IBV] are more or less rounded in profile; although there is a certain amount of polymorphism, there is also a characteristic "fringe" of projections 200 Å long, which are rounded or petal shaped, rather than sharp or pointed, as in the myxoviruses. This appearance, recalling the solar corona, is shared by mouse hepatitis virus and several viruses recently recovered from man, namely strain B814, 229E and several others... In the opinion of the eight virologists these viruses are members of a previously unrecognized group which they suggest should be called the coronaviruses, to recall the characteristic appearance by which these viruses are identified in the electron microscope.” (From the present paper).

London, Robert Young, 1628. 12mo. Bound in a worn contemporary full calf binding. Gilt lines to spine and boards. Spine and boards rubbed and cracked, and corners bumped, but binding tight and sturdy. Notes to front free endpaper in a near-contemporary hand. Engraved title-page, nearly detached and torn through the center (reinforced from verso). Evenly browned, otherwise clean internally. (25), 445,(18) pp. The exceedingly scarce second complete edition of the English poet and colonist George Sandys' celebrated translation of Ovid's 'Metamorphoses' (the first being London, 1626). In 1621 Sandys took up the post of treasurer of the colony of Virginia. By the time he reached Virginia, he had already completed a translation of the first five books (out of 15) of the 'Metamorphoses', which - according to tradition - was published in 1621; but with no surviving copies of this edition, its existence remains a matter of speculation. In 1947, however, a copy of what appears to be the second edition of this 'ghost', also printed in 1621, was found 'in a barrow in front of an obscure bookshop' (McManaway, 1948, 'The First Five Bookes of Ovids Metamorphosis, 1621, "Englished by Master George Sandys"'). During his treasurership, he translated the remaining ten books and published a full translation in 1626 with William Stansby in London, the edition upon which the present is based. With the exception of the first five books, translated before he reached the US, Sandys' translation thus constitutes the earliest significant poetic output written in the New World. With only 11 copies recorded by OCLC, the present edition is by far the most uncommon of the complete editions.

Berlin, Verdrucht auf Rosten des Forfatters, 1798. 4to. Bound in 2 contemporary half calf. Spine with gilt leather title-label. Wear to extrimities, especially to spine: Loss of top 2 cm of spine and upper half of back hinges loose on volume 2. With library stamps to title page. Internally with occasional brownspotting, all the plates are, however, very nice and clean. (6), 296 pp + 24 hand coloured engraved plates; (1), VIII, 325, (4) + 23 hand coloured engraved plates. Second printing of German architect David Gilly's seminal and famous work on country and rural architecture. The present work is one of the most successful examples of architecture integrating urban and regional planning and architecture and is probably the most important contribution to the development of Prussian Classicism. Gilly had extensive technical knowledge particularly of wooden roof structures. "One of the trendsetters within the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century electorate was David Gilly (1748-1808), a second generation Huguenot whose family had come from Provence. He established the theory and practice of rual architecture in Brandenburg-Prussia; functionality and utility were paradigms by which he desgined buildings. Through his son (1772-1800), Gilly influenced the famous romantic-classicist Klarl Friedrich Schinkel and his school." (Finney, Seeing Seeing beyond the word: visual arts and the Calvinist tradition, p. 272). David Gilly built the two castles Paretz (1796) and Freienwalde (1798) for the king of Prussia.

Kiøbenhavn, Godiche,1763-81. 4to. Indbundet i 7 ensartede, lidt senere, hldrbd. i flammet kalv. Rygforgyldning og forgyldte skindtitler på rygge. Stempel på titelblade. Spredte brunpletter og spredte svage skjolder især i de første bind. Letter brugsspor. Med samtlige 295 kobberstukne plancher, prospekter, kort etc. Nogle af kortene er opklæbet, enkelte repareret for rifter. En del plancher med bruning i marginer og foldninger. Originaltrykket af Danmarks topografiske hovedværk, her på trykpapir og med det ofte manglende bind 7 som omhandler Slesvig.

(Colophon: Basel, apud Andream Cratandrum, 1534). Folio. Nice hcalf from ab. 1750, richly gilt back, gilt title-label. Corners a bit bumped. Slightly rubbed. Woodcut printer's device to title and last leaf. (28),264,(2) pp. With many smaller and larger woodcut initials. Small stamp at lower corner of the first 2 leaves. Some, rather faint, dampstainings to first and last leaves, otherwise clean and with broad margins. Engraved book-plate inside front board (Bibliotheque du comte Le Moyne de Martigny). Very scarce edition of Theophrastus' two main works. It is one of the earliest Latin editions of Gaza's esteemed translation, in reality it is the third printing of the first Latin edition (first issued 1483, then 1529 in 8vo, and now 1534) of the works which together constitute the foundation of scientific botany. By Linnaeus Theophrastus is called "the father of Botany". This edition comprises both botanical works, The History of Plants and The Causes of Plants, which have survived in their entirety and are the earliest books of this kind in world literature."It is very strange that so much botanic knowledge should have been accumulated by the end of the fourth century and that so little, if anything, was added to it in ancient times. Theophrastos is not only the first botanic writer but also the greatest until Renaissance of the sixteenth century in Germany....The botany of Theophrastos and the zoölogy of Aristotle represents the climax of natural history in antiquity." (Sarton in A History...Vol. I p. 558). "No study of plants of such breadth and quality had previously been conceived: botany now first appears as a distinct science with a comprehensive yet clearly defined field of enquiry." (A.G. Morton). - Stillwell No. 702 (Note) - Hunt No. 26 (listing the 1529-edition in 8vo) - Pritzel: 9189. - Not in Choulant, Handbuch der Bücherkunde für die Ältere Medicin.

Paris, P. Dufart, 1828. Large8vo. In a very nice full morocco binding (Anker Kyster) with with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Gilt frames to boards and top-edge gilt. Lower left corner of front board with small waterstain. With light occassional brownspotting, an overall nice and clean copy. 49 beautifully handcoloured engraved plates printed in colours and finished by hand by Chardin, Langlois, Lemaire and others after Redouté, with accompanying text. First volume of the third edition, being the “most complete edition”, of arguably the most celebrated and reproduced of all flower books. The work proved to be not only outstanding in terms of its beauty but also for its scientific merits and is widely regarded as being one of the most successful examples of art employed in the service of science Redoute's "stipple engravings printed in color command the admiration of both natural historians and artists. Working directly from the flowers, Redoute arranged his compositions to show all their significant aspects without the sacrifice of aesthetic value." (Ray French). Thory cultivated his own collection of roses, and together with the Malmaison gardens he contributed the majority of the specimens illustrated in his collaborative work with Redoute. "Redoute and Thory knew, described and figured almost all the important roses known in their day. Included were many of the key ancestors of our present-day roses. The plates in Les Roses have artistic value, both for the species and cultivars still surviving and for those that have disappeared" (Gisele de la Roche, quoted in the introduction to the Antwerp facsimile edition of Les Roses, 1974-78). Redoute is widely considered the finest 19th century botanical illustrator, if not throughout history. Dunthorne 233 Great Flower Books p. 71 Hunt Redouteana 19 Nissen BBI 1599 Ray French 89 Stafleu & Cowan 8748

Leipzig, M. G. Wiedmanns Erben und Reich, 1777. 8vo. Uniformly bound in two contemporary half calf binding with gilt lettering to spines. Gilt library stamp to both stamps and red library stamp to both title-pages. Deaccession-stamp (dated 20-1-1948) to both pasted down front end-paper. Some wear to extremities, leather on spine cracked and head of spines chipped. Internally very nice and clean. LVI, 784 pp.; XXVI, 834, (2) pp. Uncommon first edition of Tetens’ seminal work which was a major influence on Kant and his development of his synthetic a priori theory. Tetens has also been referred to as the "German Locke”. “(The present work) is essentially an investigation of the origin and structure of human knowledge and was the most important philosophical work written in Germany during the period immediately prior to the publication of the Critique of Pure Reason (1781) by Kant, who valued Tetens’ work highly. Kant reiterated Tetens’ emphasis on the importance of empirical foundations for philosophical studies. He was also influenced in the construction of his own theory of human knowledge by Tetens’ threefold division of consciousness into the faculties of feeling, will, and understanding. By the last category he referred to the faculty of forming and combining ideas.” (Encyclopedia Britannica). “Like the British empiricists, Tetens begin with an account of sensations and ideas. Ideas are described as due to the operation of the traces caused by sensations. He compares the relation of memories to sensations with the relation of visual after-image to the initial sensation, memories being due to continued activity in the eye. (…) He accepts two laws of association, namely, similarity and contiguity in time and space, but he rejects Hume’s third type of association, causality. He clears up Berkeley’s and Hume’s difficulties with general ideas, by distinguishing clearly between the idea (in the sense of image) and its meaning.” (Wolf, A History of Science Technology and Philosophy in the 18th Century, P. 690) Provenance: From the library of Danish philosopher and author Carl Henrik Koch.

Basel, Brandmylleri, 1683. 4to. In a contemporary Cambridge-style mirror binding with five raised bands and richlt gilt spine. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Head of spine chipped, showing headbands. Small repair to spine. Lower outer corner of back board with large scratch showing the board underneath. Four-line note in contemporary hand to front free end-paper. Previous owner's name in contemporary hand to title-page. Internally fine and clean. (18), 354, 121, (1) pp. + 1 folded plate. First (only?) edition of mathematician Megerlin's work that combines mathematics, history, and theology to create a detailed historical and chronological analysis of divine governance from the creation of the world up to the second half of the 17th century. It is structured around the cycles of significant astronomical events, specifically the conjunctions and oppositions of Saturn and Jupiter, which recur approximately every 800 years. Peter Megerlin (1623–1686) was a German scholar and professor at the University of Basel. He was a theologian and mathematician and his work often reflected an interest in the intersection of these fields, of which this present work if a fine example. Megerlin famously tought Jacob Bernoulli, who later opposed his astrological interpretations of comet appearances. The work is of the utmost scarcity and we have only been able to trace one previous copy in the trade.