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Berlin, Stettin und Leipzig, Johann Heinrich Rüdigern, 1762-75. 4to. Bound in 13 fine uniform full calf, raised bands, gilt backs. Remains of paperlabels on backs. Top of spine on one volume frayed. Small rubber stamp on titles. A few brownspots. A good copy. Having in all 374 (of 585) fine engraved plates (1 plate supplied in xerox-copy). Plates measure around 37x24cm. First German edition of one of the main works of the 18th century in the fields of crafts and technology as it is a translation of the famous series "Description des Arts et Metiers" issued by Academie Royale des Sciences 1760-75. The French edition was published in folio. Band 1: Kohlenbrennen, Lichtziehen, Ankerschmieden, Nadler, Papiermacher. 31 plates and 1 table;Band 2: Eisenhämmer. Teil 1-2, Wachsziehen, Pergamentmachen, Leder-Vergoldung, Schieferbrüche. 22 plates; Band 3: Eisenhämmer. Teil 3-4, Spielkartenherstellung, Seidenfärberei, Pappenmacher. 29 plates (1 plate supplied in xerox-copy); Band 4: Böttcherkunst, Weißgerber, Ziegelstreichen, Zuckersieden, Silber affinieren. 30 plates; Band 5: Messingherstellung, Tuchmacherkunst, Lohgerberei. 33 plates. Band 6: Tuchfrisierkunst, Saffianleder-Herstellung, Leder auf ungarische Art, Weißgerber, Hutmacher, Dachdecker. 19 plates; Band Band 7: Tapetenweberei, Kalkbrennerkunst, Ziegelstreichen in Holland, Ziegelhütten, Ball- und Raquettenmacher. 30 plates and 1 table; Band 8: Perückenmacherkunst, Müller, Nudelmacher und Bäcker. 15 plates; Band 9: Schuster, Schlösserkunst. 48 plates; Band 10: Steinkohlenbergbau, Indigobereiter. 22 plates; Band 11: Eisenbergwerke und Hüttenwerke in der Steiermark, Leimsiederei, Fischerei, Teil 1. 25 plates and 1 table; Band 12: Fischerei, Teil 2. 50 plates; Band 13: Fischerei, Teil 3, Porzellanherstellung. 23 plates and 1 engr. frontisp.; Band 14: Glasmalerei und Glasarbeiten. Mit 13 (von 14) Tafeln; Band 15: Wollenzeugfabrikant. 17 plates; Band 16: Seifensider, Leinwandhandel, Schneiderhandwerk, Leinenmanufaktur, Tabaksmanufaktur. 27 plates; Band 17: Bleiarbeiter, mathematische und astronomische Instrumente, Baumwoll-Samtfabrikation. 38 plates; Band 18: Stickerkunst, Siebmacher, Riemer und Sattler (mit Kutschenbau), Drahtzieherei, Stahlblattmacher. 51 plates Band 19: Schiffbaukunst. 18 plates and 1 engr. frontisp.;Band 20: Zinngießerkunst. 32 plates; Band 21: der Strumpfwirkerstuhl und sein Gebrauch. 14 plates.

Tokyo, Tokyo Kaiseikan, Meiji 38 [1905]. 8vo. In the original full bloth cloth with gilt letteing (in both Japanese and Latin characters). Light occassional brownspotting, otherwise a fine copy. 4, 894, 28, 12 pp. + frontispiece and folded plate with genealogical tree. Rare second translation, and arguably the most important, of the Japanese translation of Darwin's "Origin of Species" (the first being from 1896 and only published once). This is the first translation to be made by a professional biologist. The previous translation ("Seibutsu Shigen") was made by a law student which presumably was a contributing factor to the fact that the work primarily was embraced by social thinkers, philosophers and politicians to advocate the superiority of Japanese culture and society (and military) and not by biologist and zoologist. With the present translation Darwin's ideas and theories were finally properly introduced to the people they were intended for: biologist and zoologist. The popularity of Darwin's works and theories became immensly popular in Japan: "Curiously, there are more versions of "The Origin" in Japanese than in any other language. The earliest were literary, with subsequent translations becoming more scientific as the Japanese developed a technical language for biology." (Glick, The Comparatice Reception of Darwinism, P. XXII)."It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations." (Golley, Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology).Darwin's work had in Japan - as in the rest of the world - profound influence on the academic disciplines of zoology and biology, however, in Japan the most immediate influence was not on these subjects but on social thinkers: "[...] it exerted great influence on Japanese social thinkers and social activists. After learning of Darwin's theory, Hiroyuki Kato, the first president of Tokyo Imperial University, published his New Theory of Human Rights and advocated social evolution theory (social Darwinism), emphasizing the inevitable struggle for existence in human society. He criticized the burgeoning Freedom and People's right movement. Conversely Siusui Kautoku, a socialist and Japanese translator of the Communist Manifesto, wrote articles on Darwinism, such as "Darwin and Marx" (1904). In this and other articles, he criticized kato's theory on Social Darwinism, insisting that Darwinism does not contradict socialism. The well known anarchist, Sakae Osugi published the third translation of On the Origin of Species in 1914, and later his translation of peter Kropotokin's Mutial Aid: A Factor of Evolution. Osugi spread the idea of mutual aid as the philosophical base of Anarcho-syndicalism." (Tsuyoshi, The Japanese Lysenkoism and its Historical Backgrounds, p. 9) "Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was introduced to Japan in 1877 (Morse 1936/1877) during Japan's push to gain military modernity through study of western sciences and technologies and the culture from which they had arisen. In the ensuing decades the theory of evolution was applied as a kind of social scientific tool, i.e. social Spencerism (or social Darwinism) (Sakura 1998:341; Unoura 1999). Sakura (1998) suggests that the theory of evolution did not have much biological application in Japan. Instead, Japanese applied the idea of 'the survival of the fittest' (which was a misreading of Darwin's natural selection theory) to society and to individuals in the struggle for existence in Japan's new international circumstances (see also Gluck 1985: 13, 265).However, at least by the second decade of the 1900s, and by the time that Imanishi Kinji entered the Kyoto Imperial University, the curricula in the natural and earth sciences were largely based on German language sources and later on English language texts. These exposed students to something very different from a social Darwinist approach in these sciences. New sources that allow us to follow" (ASQUITH, Sources for Imanishi Kinji's views of sociality and evolutionary outcomes, p. 1)."After 1895, the year of China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War, Spencer's slogan "the survival of the fittest" entered Chinese and Japanese writings as "the superior win, the inferior lose." Concerned with evolutionary theory in terms of the survival of China, rather than the origin of species, Chinese intellectuals saw the issue as a complex problem involving the evolution of institutions, ideas, and attitudes. Indeed, they concluded that the secret source of Western power and the rise of Japan was their mutual belief in modern science and the theory of evolutionary progress. According to Japanese scholars, traditional Japanese culture was not congenial to Weastern science because the Japanese view of the relationship between the human world and the divine world was totally different from that of Western philosophers. Japanese philosophers envisioned a harmonious relationship between heaven and earth, rather than conflict. Traditionally, nature was something to be seen through the eyes of a poet, rather than as the passive object of scientific investigations. The traditional Japanese vision of harmony in nature might have been uncongenial to a theory based on natural selection, but Darwinism was eagerly adopted by Japanese thinkers, who saw it as a scientific retionalization for Japan's intense efforts to become a modernized military and industial power. Whereas European and American scientists and theologians became embroiled in disputes about the evolutionary relationship between humans and other animals, Japanese debates about the meaning of Darwinism primarily dealt with the national and international implications of natural selection and the struggle for survival. Late nineteenth-century Japanese commentators were likely to refer to Darwinism as an "eternal and unchangeable natural law" that justified militaristic nationalism directed by supposedly superior elites". (Magner, A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded, p. 349)"Between 1877 and 1888, only four works on the subject of biological evolution were published in Japan. During these same eleven years, by contrast, at least twenty Japanese translations of Herbert Spencer's loosely "Darwinian" social theories made their appearance. The social sciences dominated the subject, and when Darwin's original The Origin of Species (Seibutsu shigen) finally appeared in translation in 1896, it was published by a press specializing in economics. It is not surprising then that by the early 20th century, when Darwin's work began to make an impact as a biological rather than a "social" theory, the terms "evolution" (shinka), "the struggle for existence" (seizon kyôsô), and "survival of the fittest" (tekisha seizon) had been indelibly marked as social and political principles. It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations." (Golley, Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology).Freeman 719

St. Petersburg, 1895. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with (vague) title to spine. Extremities with wear. Small stamp to top of right corner of title-page, otherwise internally fine. (4), 287, (1) pp. The exceeding rare first edition of Plekhanov's (published under the pseudonym of Beltov) landmark work which was seminal in the spreading of Marxism in Russia. Today, it is considered one of most important theoretical works of Russian Marxism from that period. Lenin would later comment that Plekhanov's book "helped educate a whole generation of Russian Marxists", and Engels, shortly after the publication, wrote directly to Plekhanov congratulating him on the "great success". Plekhanov is regarded as being the founder of Russian Marxism and its main theoretician. Due to his effort and present publication, Russian revolutionaries turned from the Narodniki (populists) movement fashionable in the 1860ies and 70ies to Marxism. The book was sold out immediately after publication and during the Soviet years it was translated into 12 languages and Russian author Mikhail Ivanovich Bulgakov referred to it as the 'The gospel of Russian Social-Democracy'. With the present publication, Plekhanov provided the first creative application of Marxism to the analysis of economic conditions in Russia after the Reform and showed the immediate needs of the Russian revolutionary movement and the political tasks of the Russian working class. He laid bare the reactionary essence of the so-called socialist views of the Narodniks, which had nothing in common with scientific socialism."Marx tells us, he declared, that when a society "has got upon the right track of the natural laws of its movement" it can "neither skip the natural phases of its development nor remove them by legal enactment"; Russia, however, Plekhanov insisted, had not yet entered upon this disastrous track. Western Europe was forced to develop along capitalist lines because the village commune there had disintegrated in the struggle with feudalism; in Russia, though, the village commune had been preserved relatively intact." Later he attacked the course for a socialist revolution, steered by Lenin. He held that the revolution in February 1917, being a bourgeois revolution, was to be the beginning of a long period of capitalist development in Russia. That was why he had a negative attitude towards the Great October Socialist Revolution, seeing it as a "violation of all the laws of history". " (Walicki, A History of Russian Though).Engels commented in January 30, 1895 in a letter to Vera Zasulich that it had been published at a most opportune time. Tsar Nicholas II had just released a statement on January 29 that announced that it was fruitless for the locally elected district councils (Zemstvos), to agitate for any more democratic reforms in the Russian government. Nicholas II had decided to return Russia to the absolute Tsarist autocracy of his father, Alexander III. Under Nicholas II's re-initiation of absolute autocracy, the Zemstvos would become superfluous and basically be abolished. Engels expected this announcement would cause an upsurge in popular protest in Russian and Engels thought the timely publication of Plekhanov's book would augment that popular protest.By the time of its publication, the author was in exile, banned from returning to Russia for 15 years. He wrote the book while staying in London, where he went after being deported from France in 1894 and it appeared legally in Russia under the pseudonym Beltov. Because of the censorship, Plekhanov gave the book, as he put it, the "purposely clumsy" name "monist" without indicating which conception of history-the materialist or the idealist- was meant. Plekhanov's works served the dissemination of proletarian internationalism and the establishment of close ties between the revolutionary movement in Russia and in Western Europe, which is why Lenin pointed to the necessity of studying Plekhanov's philosophical works and insisted on them being republished and included in the "series of compulsory manuals of communism.

Cambridge, 1910. Royal 8vo. In a recent half calf with four raised bands and green leather title-label with gilt lettering to spine. Repair to half title, not affecting text. Title-page with repair to outer margin, not affecting text. Previous-owner's name on whilte paper label pasted on to verso of title-page, not affecting text. Errata-leaf with repairs to lower margin. Otherwise, fine and clean. XIII, (3), 666 pp. The seminal first edition of the first volume of the landmark work that founded modern mathematical logic and came to define research in the foundations of mathematics throughout the 20th century. "Principia Mathematica" proved to be remarkably influential in at least three ways. First, it popularized modern mathematical logic to an extent undreamt of by its authors. By using a notation superior to that used by Frege, Whitehead and Russell managed to convey the remarkable expressive power of modern predicate logic in a way that previous writers had been unable to achieve. Second, by exhibiting so clearly the deductive power of the new logic, Whitehead and Russell were able to show how powerful the idea of a modern formal system could be, thus opening up new work in what soon was to be called metalogic. Third, Principia Mathematica re-affirmed clear and interesting connections between logicism and two of the main branches of traditional philosophy, namely metaphysics and epistemology, thereby initiating new and interesting work in both of these areas.As a result, not only did Principia introduce a wide range of philosophically rich notions (including propositional function, logical construction, and type theory), it also set the stage for the discovery of crucial metatheoretic results (including those of Kurt Gödel, Alonzo Church, Alan Turing and others). Just as importantly, it initiated a tradition of common technical work in fields as diverse as philosophy, mathematics, linguistics, economics and computer science." (SEP)""Principia Mathematica", the landmark work in formal logic written by Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, was first published in three volumes in 1910, 1912 and 1913. A second edition appeared in 1925 (Volume 1) and 1927 (Volumes 2 and 3). In 1962 an abbreviated issue (containing only the first 56 chapters) appeared in paperback. In 2011 a digest of the book's main definitions and theorems, originally transcribed by Russell for Rudolf Carnap, was reprinted in The Evolution of Principia Mathematica, edited by Bernard Linsky.Written as a defense of logicism (the thesis that mathematics is in some significant sense reducible to logic), the book was instrumental in developing and popularizing modern mathematical logic. It also served as a major impetus for research in the foundations of mathematics throughout the twentieth century. Along with Aristotle's Organon and Gottlob Frege's Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, it remains one of the most influential books on logic ever written." (SEP).

Augsburg & Ulm, Christian Ulrich Wagner, 1731 - 1735. Folio (390 x 255 mm). Uniformly bound in four contemporary full calf bindings with five raised bands and richly gilt spine. All edges gilt. Bindings defective, spines missing or partly detached and boards with scratches. Internally with various defects (see below) but internally overall nice and clean. With 706 engraved plates out of 762.Vol. 1: Spine missing, boards partly detached. Stamp with crown to half-title. 10-line note in contemporary hand to title-page (Stating it was given by Gottlieb Heinrich Kannegiesser to Carl Friedrich Cramer, professor i Kiel). Leaf A and A2 with tear. Internally with occassional light marginal miscoluring but generally nice and clean. Half-title, Title-page, (52), 276 pp. + Portrait, frontispiece and 164 (of 177) engraved plates.Vol. 2: Extremities with wear, boards with numerous scratches. Leather on lower compartment detached and partly missing. Head of spine chipped. Small crowned stamp to lower margin of title-page. First 5 ff. with tear to lower margin. Plate CCXL with tear. First leaves slightly soiled and occassional marginal brownspotting throughout, but generally internally nice and clean. (8), 277-672 pp. + 178 (of 189) engraved plates. Vol. 3: Spine partly missing, hinges loose. Most of title-page missing. Last 10 ff. missing upper half of leaves torn off. Light marginal miscolouring throughout, but otherwise internally nice and clean. (6 - not counting the partly missing title-page), 738 pp. + 200 (of 210) engraved plates. Vol. 4: Small stamp to lower margin of title-page. First 5 ff. chipped at lower outer margin, but a bit off loss to the portrait. A few leaves evenly browned and a few leaves with tears. Last leaves soiled. Occassional light marginal brownspotting but internally generally nice and clean. (8), 739-1426, (78) pp. + portrait and 164 (of 173) engraved plates. First appearance of Scheuchzer’s monumental of lavishly illustrated work attempting to marry the scriptures with the sciences, including paleontology, zoology, biology, astronomy and geology. Scheuchzer's is here attempting a scientific explanation of biblical history and discusses events such as the creation, flood and various miracles in terms of physics, medicine and natural history. Further more it also contains a taxonomy of all the plants and animals mentioned in the Bible. “In Scheuchzer’s gigantic work, Physica Sacra, the Baroque attains, philosophically as well as artistically, its high point and its conclusion. It is the last of those elegant works which do not really contain illustrations to a text but which are, in effect, composed of splendid plates with a text to accompany them. The best engravers of the time took part ... and made the whole splendor of Baroque chalcography appear once more” (Faber du Faur). Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672 – 1733), was a Swiss naturalist and geologist. Scheuchzer extensively studied and mapped the geological layers of Switzerland, collecting numerous fossils of shells, fish, and plants. As a diluvialist, he believed that the rock strata and fossils were remnants of Noah's Great Flood. Notably, Scheuchzer identified what he thought were human remains from the Flood, which he named “Homo diluvii testis” or the "human witness of the Flood". “Scheuchzer, however took a giant step beyond his contemporaries. If one can learn about God and the world by studying the Bible and by studying nature, why not combine the two and publish a Bible with a running commentary on natural history, so that each discipline can mutually shed light on the other. The outcome was Scheuchzer's massive Physica Sacra, a four-volume set of thick folios that is often referred to as the "Copper Bible” (Bibel kupfer), because of its abundant copper-plate engravings. The work starts with Genesis 1:1 and proceeds via 760 engravings to illuminate 760 Biblical verses with the most recent information gathered by natural philosophers and natural historians.The attraction of the Copper Bible format for Scheuchzer is that it gave him a framework within which to place a wealth of scientific knowledge that otherwise would be very difficult to structure. It was an encyclopedia of nature, organized by God and annotated by Scheuchzer. No wonder it was so popular, with editions in Latin, French, and German. It was, almost, the perfect book.” (Dr. William B. Ashworth, Linda Hall Library, Scientist of the Day – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer) A Latin edition was published simultaneously. Nissen ZBI 3659(Brunet V, 198 - The Latin edition).

London, Printed for William Mount and Thomas Page on Tower Hall, no date (c. 1715). Folio. 53X35 cm. Cont. hcalf with marbled boards. Rebacked and recornered in old style with raised bands. Engraved typographical titlepage with a large engraved vignette showing the English King's Coat of Arms. With all 15 double-page engraved sea-charts (numbered (1)-(15) in lower right corners). Neat repairs to inner margins of free endpapers and titlepage. Some browning to charts. Chart 5 (45x75,5 cm) having the right margin shaved reaching the printed frame. Second edition of this scarce "Atlas Maritime". According to Shirley it was first published by Richard Mount and Thomas Page in 1701 and re-issued with undated title (as this) in ab. 1715, but with the charts unchanged and a new engraved titlepage. A third issue came out in 1737 with a dated title. The fine charts are copied from Pieter Mortier's famous "Neptune Francois" (1693-1702) and reduzed in size."The charts in this early Mount & Page atlas "The Sea-Coasts of France" are re-engravings, reduzed in size, from the charts in the French Neptune of 1693. The charts may also be found in the 1702 edition of Mount and Page's Atlas Maritimus Novus..." (Rodney Shirley). - Not in Phillips. - Shirley Vol. II: M.M&P - 12 b.

Augspurg, Eberhard Kletts Wittib., 1761. Contemporary white-dyed sheepskin. Spine with a bit of surface wear, old hand-written paper-label to spine. XXVIII, 317 pp. A stamp inside front free end-paper. Light browning, scattered marginal brownspots, but in general a fine copy. A few leaves in "Vorrede" misbound. The scarce first edition of Lambert's sensational "Cosmological Letters", his most important astronomical work, in which he to a large extent fore-shadowed the documentation of the basic features of the universe that Hershel later carried out.The work became very popular and was translated into French, Russian, and English, and it was later re-written and published as "Systeme du Monde" in Berlin, 1770. "Of special interest among Lambert's astronomical writings - apart from applications of his physical doctrines - are his famous Cosmologische Briefe über die Einrichtung des Weltbaues" (Augsburg, 1761).Not familiar with the similar ideas of Thomas Wright (1750) and with Kant's "Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels" (1755), Lambert had the idea that what appears as the Milky Way might be the visual effect of a lens-shaped universe. On this basis he elaborated a theory according to which the thousand of stars surrounding the sun constituted a system. Moreover he considered the Milky Way as a large number of such systems, that is, a system of higher order…; the "Cosmologische Briefe was a great sensation and was translated into French, Russian, and English. Only when William Hershel systematically examined the heavens telescopically and discovered numerous nebulae and "telescopic milky-ways" did it become obvious that Lambert's description was not mere science fiction but to a large extent a bold vision of the basic features of the universe" (Scriba in D.S.B. VII:598). Kant's mentor (Martin Knutzen) died in 1755, three years before the pre-critical project unfolded. But Kant still had the chance of meeting kindred spirits. One of these was the great philosopher and mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert, whom he admired a great deal. Finally he had encountered a thinker who appreciated both the scientific and metaphysical perspective, who worried about their tensions, and who was searching for a truce. In his "Cosmologische Briefe…" (Cosmological Letters on the establishment of the universe), Lambert worked on the same topic as Kant had worked on in his earlier Universal Natural History. The tasks and results of both works resemble each other, in so far as they were both proposals of integrating Newtonian physics into a larger framework, and they both contained a theory of the dynamic constitution of the universe. Furthermore, as Kant's scientific works should be viewed under the perspective of his general philosophical outlook, so must Lambert's work in physics and astronomy be seen in relation to his general philosophical outlook and his perpetual quest for introducing mathematical exactness into the sciences. "Lambert's efforts to improve communication and collaboration in astronomy were noteworthy. He promoted the publication of astronomical journals and founded "Berliner astronomisches Jahrbuch oder Ephemeriden". Many of the articles that he contributed to it were not published until after his death... He also favored the founding of the Berlin observatory. These suggestions, in line with Leibniz' far-reaching plans for international cooperation of scientific societies, inaugurated a new period of scientific teamwork." (D.S.B., VII:598).

Berlin, 1821. 8vo. A beautiful and excellently made pastiche binding in brown half calf with richly gilt spine and red gilt leather title-label. Previous owner's name to title-page (dated 1909) and a few light pencil-marginalia, otherwise internally very nice and clean with only occasional minor brownspotting. XXVI, 355, (1) pp. A very fine copy. The scarce first edition of Hegel's seminal "The Outline (or later Elements) of the Philosophy of Right", the last of Hegel's major works, which represents the culmination of a life-long interest in politics and political phenomena. Hegel was perhaps more than any other German philosopher influenced by the French Revolution, and this masterpiece of philosophy constitutes a grandiose attempt to make freedom the foundation of human society. "Taken apart from the rest of his system, Hegel's political philosophy has been much misrepresented by totalitarian propagandists. He was, however, one of the most profound and influential thinkers of the nineteenth century. Theology, philosophy, political theory, all have been radically influenced by his system; Strauss (300), Baur (322), Bradley, Kierkegaard (314), Marx (326, 359), Lenin (392), all came under his spell, and his indirect influence has been limitless." (PMM 283).

Erevan, Armenia, Gosizdat, 1936. 8vo. In publisher's original full cloth with title in silver lettering to spine and front board. A picture of Darwin embossed to front board. Extremities with wear and hindges weak. Spine miscoloured and remains of paperlabel to upper part of spine. First quire loose. Internally fine and clean. (2), 765 pp. + frontiespiece and plate with genealogical tree. The exceedingly rare first Armenian translation of Darwin's landmark work.Only two Armenian translations of 'Origin of Species' has been made. The present first a second from 1963, both translations are of the upmost scarcity. Due to the relatively low number of people speaking Armenian (approximately 3 million in Armenia and 7 million outside) books in Armenian were printed in comparatively low numbers. OCLC locates no copies. Freeman 630.R.B. Darwin Online, F630.

S.-Peterburg, Izdanie redaktsii zhurnala "Znanie, 1871. 8vo. In contemporary black half calf with four rasied bands and gilt lettering to spine. Corners of binding with repairs and a three cm long tear to lower front hindge. Light miscolouring throughout, especially to first 10 leaves. (2), VII, (6), 439 pp. The exceedingly rare first Russian translation of Darwin's 'Descent of Man' published only four month after the original English. The Russian publisher was eager to have a translation published, hence this early abridged edition - two other Russian translations followed later the same year - The present translation being the very first into any language. "The Descent of Man showed that the process of organic evolution, propelled by the struggle for existence and natural selection, applied to man no less than to the rest of the animal kingdom. It gave explicit recognition to the idea of the anthropoid origin of man. This claim surprised no one, for it was clearly hinted at in the great work of 1859 and was elaborated in Thomas Huxley's Man's Place in Nature and Vogt's Lectures on Man. Nor was it much of a surprise when three Russian translations of The Descent appeared within one year after the publication of the English original. Two general ideas represented the essence of The Descent: natural selection is not only behind the physical survival of man but also behind the evolution of cultural values; and the differences between animal and human behavior are differences of degree rather than of kind." (Darwin in Russian Thought) "The Expression helped lay the foundations for a scientific study of the psychological aspect of the evolution of species. The book appeared in a Russian translation only a few months after the publication of the English original. The paleontologist Vladimir Kovalevskii was the translator, and the embryologist Aleksandr Kovalevskii was in charge of editorial tasks. In 1874 Vladimir wrote to Darwin that nearly two thousand copies of the Russian translation were sold." " The Expression deals much more extensively with selected aspects of human and animal behavior than with general problems of evolutionary biology. The Russian reviewers were generally impressed with Darwin's descriptions and categorizations of animal behavior. The Journal of the Ministry of Public Education was unusually profuse in praising the book's content and writing style. The reviewer commended Darwin's impartiality and avoidance of "materialistic trappings." Even the adherents of spiritualism could read the book, he wrote, without the least discomfort. The reviewer thought that psychologists would benefit from the information the book presented on the "physiological" basis of behavior. Indeed, he recommended the book to all readers interested in the scientific foundations of human behavior. The liberal journal Knowledgewas equally laudatory. It noted that the book was eminently successful on two counts: it offered a "rational explanation" of many expressions of human emotions, and it integrated the study of animal and human behavior into the universal process of organic evolution. In fact, no educated person could afford to ignore it.N. P. Vagner, professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at St. Petersburg University, called The Expression a book with "great strengths and minor flaws." The volume reminded him of Darwin's previous works, which marked "turning points in the history of science." The strength of the book lay much more in its suggestion of new topics for comparative-psychological research than in a presentation of a theoretically and logically integrated system of scientific thought. Insufficient exploration of the physiological underpinnings of mental activities represented the book's major shortcoming" (Darwin in Russian Thought) In Russia Darwinism had a profound influence not only upon the different sciences, but also on philosophy, economic and political thought, and the great literature of the period. For instance, both Tolstoy and Dostoevsky referenced Darwin in their most important works, as did numerous other thinkers of the period.Like Strakhov, however, Dostoevsky, acknowledging the significance of the "Origin of Species", saw the dangers of the theory. In the same year as the publication of Rachinsky's translation, he lets the narrator in "Notes from Underground" (1864) launch his attack on Darwinism , beginning: "As soon as they prove you, for instance, that you are descended from a monkey, then it's no use scowling, you just have to accept it."In "Crime and Punishment" (two years later, 1866) the Darwinian overtones inherent in Raskolnikov's theory of the extraordinary man are unmistakable. He describes the mechanism of "natural selection," where, according to the laws of nature, by the crossing of races and types, a "genius" would eventually emerge. In general, Darwinian themes and Darwin's name occur in many contexts in a large number of Dostoevsky's works.'Descent of Man' was transted into Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian and Swedish in Darwin's lifetime. Freeman 1107.

Warszawa, Przegladu Tygodniowego, 1884. Large8vo. In contemporary half calf. Spine with wear, lacking the upper 1 cm. Small stamp to title-page. Hindges weak and back board detached from bookblock. Verso of title-page and first leaf on content. 437, (1), XVI [Including the plate] pp. First edition of the first full Polish translation of Darwin's "Origin of Species". An attempt to publish a Polish translation was made as early as 1873. This was, however, never completed and only half of the work was published (Freeman 739), thus making the present copy the very first full Polish translation. As seen in several other countries (especially in Japan) the majority of Polish intellectuals adopted a Social Darwinism perspective at a very early stage, rather than appreciating the English naturalist's caution in applying his ideas to human society."Before the first translations of Darwin's appeared [...], many Polish intellectuals, such as positivist writer Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841-1910) complained about the increasing confusion over the essence of the English naturalist's ideas, which had all too often been mixed up with all sorts of ideological debates. However, when Darwin's books were actually available in Polish translations, the novelty of his concepts gradually wore off, making room for more serious attempts to come to terms with evolutionary theory." (Glick, The Reception of Charles Darwin in Europe). "It appears that the struggle for or against Darwinism in partitioned Poland prefigured a pattern that is relevant for Polish thinking up to the present day: the conflict of striving for progress with the help of powerful allies abroad and of virulently rejecting all foreign advice for fear of losing one's cultural identity." (Ibid.).Translation was begun by Szymon Dickstein who in the processe of the translation committed suicide. It was completed by Józef Nusbaum who also translated 'The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication' in 1888.Freeman 740

Moscow, Academy of Science, 1935-1959. Royal8vo. In 9 uniform full cloth bindings (albeit with slightly different colours, as published). All volumes with Darwin's signature "Ch. Darwin" embossed in gold to lower right corner of front board. All nine volumes with wear to spines. All nine volumes internally fine and clean (no stamps or brownspotting). XLVII, (1), 604, (4) pp. + 3 folded maps.: 682, (2) pp. + 3 folded maps: X, (2), 831, (1) pp. + 1 folded map.: 883, (1) pp.: 1040 pp. + 1 folded plate.: 696 pp.: 650 pp.: 543, (1) pp.: LVI, 734, (1) pp. The following being the collation of the papers which represent the first Russian translation of the given paper:[Geologija, Eskavajra, Tjlena Korolevskogo obschestva (i.e. 'Manual of Scientific Enquiry']: Vol. 2: Pp. 613-637[Usonogie raki (i.e. 'Living Cirripedia')]: Vol. 2: Pp. 37-87[Lectsii evolutsionnoi teorii (i.e. 'Studies in the theory of descent')]: Vol. 3: p. 755.[Proishozhdenie vidov putem estestvennogo otbora... (i.e. 'On the tendency of species to form varieties')]: Pp. 239-255.[Razlichnye formy tsvetov u rastenii odnogo i togo zhe vida (i.e. 'The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species')]: Vol. 7: Pp. 31-251.[Oplodotvorenie tsvetov (i.e. 'Fertilisation of flowers (Hermann Müller)']. Vol. 6: Pp. 652-654.[Zhizn Erazma Darvina (i.e. 'The Life of Erasmus Darwin')]. Vol. 9: Pp. 251-309. A rare complete run of Moscow's Academy of Science Journal's publication of Darwin's 'Collected Works' containing seven first Russian translations of Darwin's shorter works. -Manual of Scientific Enquiry, Freeman 338, Translated by D. L. Weiss. Annotated by N. S. Shatskiï. 1935-Living Cirripedia, Freeman 341, Translated by N. I. Tarasov. 1936.-Studies in the theory of descent (August Weismann), Freeman 1415, Translated and with notes by S. L. Sobol'., 1939.-On the tendency of species to form varieties , Freeman 370, Translated by A. D. Nekrasov, S. L. Solol, 1939.-Different forms of flowers, Freeman 1302, Translated by A. P. Il'inskiï and E. D. D'yakov, 1948.-Fertilisation of flowers (Hermann Müller), Freeman 1433. Translated by V. A. Rybin., 1950.-Erasmus Darwin (Ernst Krause), Freeman 1324, Translated by V. N. Sukachev., 1959.Freeman 338, 341, 370, 1302, 1324, 1415, 1433,

Wien, Alfred Hölder, 1889. 8vo. Uncut in the original printed yellow wrappers. Light soiling and a few minor nicks to extremities. A very fine and clean copy. XVI, 239 pp. First edition, rarely seen in the original wrappers, of this important work in which Wieser attempts to apply marginal utility analysis to the determination of cost, thus for the first time fully developing a theory of value. The work "ranks high as an original achievement" and is one of the very earliest to realize the information value of prizes. It is furthermore here that the term "imputation" is coined."It was only with Friedrich von Wieser's book [the present] that an attempt was made to fill the lacuna left by Menger and Böhm-Bawerk. Wieser makes it clear that without a solution to the problem of 'imputation' the new theory would remain incomplete and would be subjected to the widespread criticism that it cannot deal with production. The problem is posed as follows" 'The statement that the productive goods receive their value from the value of their produce suffices only to evaluate [schätzen] the collaborating factors of production as a whole, but not separately. In order to be able to do also this, a rule is needed which allows one to apportion the total produce in detail.'(Wieser, 1889)." (Steedman, Socialism & Marginalism in Economics 1870 - 1930). "[H]e continued to work on the same problems and also on what he regarded merely as a first step toward a theory of value that was to be fully developed in [the present work]. He employed the expository device of studying value in a centrally directed economy and suggested possible applications of utility theory to public finance. The book gained him almost immediate acclaim, and it was soon translated into English" (Frederich von Hayek in IESS)."[In the present work he] worked out the Austrian theories of cost and distribution (he coined the phrase 'Zurechnung', imputation), which Menger had not more than sketched, and this work must in spite of the latter fact and also in spite of glaring faults of technique, rank high as an original achievement. (Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis)"In this work he applied the marginal utility theory not only horizontally, i.e. to trading and exchange, but also vertically, i.e. to production processes. He defined the value of higher goods produced alongside them, thus developing his imputation theory. Wieser, who possessed a certain "obsession with compulsive computability" is recognized as one of the first economist to realize the information value of prices." (Schulak, the Austrian School of Economics). Masui p. 909Menger col. 395.

London, 1747 - 1835. Elephant folio (550 x 390 mm). 5 volumes, uniformly bound in nice recent green half calf bindings with five raised bands and gilt lettering and ornamentation to spines, top edges gilt. Some plates with marginal dampstains and brownspotting - an overall nice set. 290 engraved plates (complete). First edition of this monumental work, published by the Society of Antiquaries of London (SAL), containing plates depicting ancient monuments, buildings, sites, and artefacts, primarily British. The society defined its agenda in terms of preservation, visual documentation, and collecting but occasionally also broke new ground; vol. 2 containing one of the very earliest printed depictions of the Rosetta Stone including classical scholar Richard Porson’s work on the missing lower right corner of the Greek text. Vetusta Monumenta published in seven volumes between 1747 and 1906 – with the first five volumes offered here -, was the first of four major publication series launched by SAL in the eighteenth century. The first four plates were published individually in 1718 at the Mitre Tavern. By 1747, seventy engravings had been published, enough to form a substantial volume. The same year, John Ward (1679-1758) became director of the SAL. Ward had begun writing long explanatory captions for some of the plates beginning in 1743, and these soon evolved into printed companion essays in either Latin or English, which appeared occasionally from 1744. The second volume, with 55 more plates, appeared in 1789. It was greatly expanded by these letterpress explanations of the plates, which had begun to appear not just occasionally but with every plate or plate set (and consistently in English) from 1763. The fourth volume was published in 1815 with 52 plates and the fifth was published in 1835 with 69 plates.

Kiøbenhaffn, Hans Støckelman oc Andreas Gutterwitz, 1575. Folio. Nær samtidigt hellæderbind med ophøjede bind på ryggen, rig rygforgyldning. Skindtitel senere fornyet. Permer helt intakte, men med krakeleringer i skindets overflade. Titelblad i rødt/sort. Nederste højre hjørne af titelbladet bortrevet, men fint udbedret i faksimile. Fr. II's træskårne portræt trykt på bagsiden af titelbladet. (36),547,(33) pp. Trykt på godt svært papir. Mindre skjolder i nogle marginer til slut, få spredte brunpletter, enkelte tilskrifter. Originaludgaven af den første dansk-sprogede Saxo-Udgave - et monumentalværk i dansk litteratur, idet værket først med Vedels oversættelse nåede frem til den almene læser. The first printed Danish translation of Saxo Grammaticus "Danorum Regum heroumque Historie".Laur. Nielsen 1451 - Thesaurus 205 (Ed. B).

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1927. 8vo. Contemporary full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. A small paper-label pasted to lower part of spine. Very light edgewear. Corners a bit bumped. In: 'Zeitschrift für Physik', Volume 43, p.172-198. The entire volume offered,. VII,936 pp. First appearance of the first announcement of Heisenberg's famous "Uncertainty Principle", stating that it is impossible to determine accurately and both members of specific pairs of atomic variables simultaneously, and that the minimum product of the two variables are proportional to Planck's constant 'h' - one of the most important and celebrated findings in modern physics."Heisenberg's paper 'On the physical content of the quantum theoretical kinematics and mechanics' was received by the publishers on 23 March, after Bohr had returned - and had correctly criticized some substantial points in the manuscript. All the same Heisenberg's work is on a par with his discovery paper of quantum mechanics and represents a most solid contribution to its interpretation. It is THE FIRST PAPER IN WHICH THE QUESTION OF WHAT IS OBSERVABLE AND WHAT IS NOT IS QUANTITATIVELY DISCUSSED IN THE CONTEXT OF QUANTUM MECHANICS. His work marks the beginning of a subject on which volumes have since been written: the measurement problem in quantum physics." (Pais in "Niels Bohr's Times", p. 304).

Altona, J.F. Hammerich, 1807. 8vo. 2 volumes both uncut in the original blank wrappers. Wear to extremities, front wrapper on vol. 1 detached and with tear. Missing ab. half of the paper on spines. Internally fine and clean. XVI, 368; VIII, 358, (1) pp. Rare first German edition of this political and economic classic, which constitutes Malthus' first major publication and his main work, because of which he is considered the father of demography and one of the main sources of inspiration for Darwin and Wallace. It is the first translation of the "Principle on Population" into any language, and it influenced German politics tremendously.The first edition was printed anonymously in London in 1798, and in 1803 the second edition, which, also according to Malthus himself, can be said to constitute a new work, appeared; -the great quarto edition from 1803 is thoroughly revised and much enlarged, the title has been changed and Malthus' name appears on the title-page for the first time, it is on this edition that all the preceding editions are based, and in consequence also the early translations. All the later editions were minor revisions of the second one. In 1806 the third edition appeared, and as soon as 1807 the first German one, which is translated from the revised third edition ("Die gegenwärtige Uebersetzung ist nach der dritten Ausgabe, Oktav, London 1806. Die Quartausgabe ist minder vollständig", Vorwort, p. V). New revisions of the text kept appearing till the sixth edition in 1826. The book, then as now, is considered highly controversial, and it has influenced all demographers ever since, as well as being of immense importance to the study of economic theory and genetic inheritance. "The "Essay" was highly influential in the progress of thought in the early nineteenth-century Europe.... "Parson" Malthus, as Cobbett dubbed him, was for many, a monster and his views were often grossly misinterpreted.... But his influence on social policy, whether for good or evil, was considerable. The Malthusian theory of population came at the right time to harden the existing feeling against the Poor Laws and Malthus was a leading spirit behind the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834." (PMM 251).Thomas Robert Malthus (1766-1834), called the "enfant terrible" of the economists, was an English demographer, statistician and political economist, who is best known for his groundbreaking views on population growth, presented in his "Essays on the Principle of Population", which is based on his own prediction that population would outrun food supply, causing poverty and starvation. Among other things this caused the legislation, which lowered the population of the poor in England. Malthus actually turned political, economic and social thought upside down with this work, which has caused him to be considered one of the 100 most influential persons in history (Hart, The 100: A Ranking of the most Influential Persons in History, 1978). Of course, he was condemned by Marx and Engels, and opposed by the socialists universally, but the work was of immense impact on not only politics, economics, social sciences etc, but also on natural sciences. "Later in the "Origin of Species" he [Darwin] wrote that the struggle for existence "is the doctrine of Malthus applied with manifold force to the whole animal and vegetable kingdoms; for in this case there can be no artificial increase of food, and no prudential restraint from marriage" [p. 63]. Alfred Russel Wallace, who arrived at a worked-out formulation of the theory of evolution at almost precisely the same time as Darwin, acknowledged that "perhaps the most important book I read was Malthus's "Principles of Population" (My Life, p. 232). Although there were four decennial censuses before Malthus' death, he did not himself analyze the data, although he did influence Lambert Quetelet and Pierre Verhulst, who made precise statistical studies on growth of populations in developed countries and showed how the early exponential growth changed to an S curve." (DSB, IX, p. 69). As Malthus realized that his theories were not satisfactorily presented or sufficiently demonstrated in the first edition from 1798, he travelled for three years through Europe gleaning statistics, and then published the second edition in 1803. Among other places he travelled through Northern Germany, and his detailed diaries of these journeys provided him with some of the evidence necessary for the development of his theory on population growth. The observational information that he gathered on his travels in Europe were crucial to the development of his theories, which also means that the work is of great interest for other European countries, and not only Britain. "In 1819 the Royal Society elected Malthus to a fellowship. He was also a member of the French Institute and the Berlin Academy, and a founding member of the Statistical Society (1834)." (DSB, IX, p. 67). Printing and the Mind of Man 251 (first edition).

Milano, Nello Reg. Duc. Corte, perGio. Battista, e Giulio Cesare fratelli Maletesta Stampatori, 1653. Folio. In contemporary full vellum. Title written in contemporary hand to lower edge. A few early leaves reinforced and a 1x1 cm hole in leaf pppp2 with loss of text. Ex-libris stamp (Ghislanzoni) to lower part of title-page. Otherwise a very fine, clean and crisp copy. (56), 792, 76 pp. + the engraved frontispiece by Frederico Agnelli. First edition thus, being the hugely expanded second version of Cavazzi's famous fiscal analysis of the Duchy of Milan and of Lombardy in general (which had been under Spanish rule since 1559, and was to remain so until 1701), constituting one of the earliest proposals of government bonds in (what is now) Italy. Furthermore, the present work was Manzoni's main source of knowledge about the plague when writing 'Promessi Sposi' (The Betrothed).A much shorter preliminary work comprising merely 146 pp. appeared in 1647, under the same title. The present work is hugely expanded and is essentially a different work.Cavazzi here gives a thorough analysis of taxation and the general cost of public administration, which had become an exceedingly important issue for the city of Milan. Over a 25 year period, the debt of Milan had risen to uncontrollable heights and this is the first serious attempt to improve the city's economic status. Cavazzi occupies himself with duties on, among other things, salt, wine, oil, meat, flour, and horses and argues that the tax burden might be reduced through both efficiencies in spending and through raising of funds through the issue of government bonds. His proposal of government bonds predates the actual implementation, which did not happen until 1694 by the Bank of England. He furthermore proposes that the Duchy reduce the number of working licenses granted to foreigners who are not resident and refuse to accept citizenship. Carlo Girolamo Cavazzi della Somaglia (1604-1672), Italian economist and historian, wrote several other work on Milan the present being the most extensive. OCLC records just two copies outside Italy (British library and the University of Illinois).Einaudi 966

Amsterdam et Leipzig, Chez Jean Schreuder, 1765. 4to. Uncut in the original marbled boards. Professionally rebacked preserving almost all of the original back. The fragile orginal binding is here preserved in its entirety, and it has quite a bit of overall wear. Apart from a small hole to two leaves in the index, affecting ab. one work on each of the four pages, it is internally nice and clean. Title-page printed in red and black. Beautiful eng. title-vignette and a few other woodcut vignettes and initials. (4), XVI, (2), 540, (18) pp. First edition thus, being the first collected edition of Leibnitz' philosophical works in French and Latin, and containing the FIRST PRINTING of one of Leibnitz' most important philosophical works, his "Nouveaux essays sur l'entendement humain" (New Essays on Human Understanding), in which he attacks and refutes Locke and his "Essay on Human Understanding" and gives important testimony to his own philosophical ideas. With its 496 pages, this extensive work takes up most of this collection of philosophical works, and it also constitutes one of his largest and most important of his philosophical works. As explained by Raspe, the editor, in his preface to this publication, "LES NOUVEAUX ESSAIS SUR L'ENTENDEMENT HUMAIN, qui sont la partie principale de recueil, sont connûs trés imparfaitement par l'histoire de la Philosophie de Leibnitz, que Mr. Ludovici a publiée" (p. X), and the reason why the work was known, even though it had not been published, is because of a letter that Leibnitz had written in 1714, in which he explains why he did not wish to publish the work. Raspe quotes the letter (p. X), from which it becomes clear that Leibnitz had not wished to publish an attack on Locke and his work, because Locke had died in 1704 (the same year that Leibnitz had actually written the work), and because Leibnitz was against publishing refutations of dead authors: "Mais je me suis degouté de publier des refutations des Auteurs morts, quoiqu'elles dissent paroitre Durant leur vie & étre communiqués à eux memes". Raspe points to the nobleness of this decision, but he also points to what could be other reasons for Leibnitz not wishing to publish his seminal work, one of them being that towards the end of his life (he died in 1716), he did not wish to enter into any more controversies with the British, since he was already engaged in two very important ones that occuopied much of his time and energy: The first concerned the invention of the differential calculus, the second was against Mr. Clarke on liberty and important metaphysical and theological questions. Another reason could also be that he did not want to begin controversies with the friends of Locke, who at that time were many and important.Locke's "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding", which is the work here being refuted by Leibnitz, became the crucial groundwork for the future empiricists with David Hume in the foreground, and thus Leibnitz' work, though published posthumously, probably came to play a bigger role in the history of philosophy than it would have done had it been published just after he wrote it. Few philosophers of his time were susceptible to Leibnitz' ideas and his application of logic to the problems of metaphysics, as most of them were far more receptive to Locke's empiricism. However, when Leibnitz' "Nouveaux essays..." was finally published here in his "Oeuvres philosophiques" in 1765, it became hugely influential and was also an important factor in the development of Kant's transcendental philosophy.The hugely famous work by Locke, in which he stated his famous theory that the mind of the newborn is like a blank slate (tabula rasa) and concluded that all ideas come from experience and that there are no such things as innate principles, was generally sharply criticized by the rationalists, the most important of them being Leibnitz. Leibnitz' response, his "Les nouveaux essays sur l'entendement humain" constitutes the most important of the rationalist responses and it is written in the form of a chapter-by-chapter refutation. He refutes the major premise of Locke's work, that the senses are the source of all understanding, primarily by adding to this "except the understanding itself", thus going on to distinguish between his three levels of understanding, which are part of the centre of his philosophy.For Leibnitz as well as for Locke the great inspiration was Descartes, but they chose two fundamentally different directions, Locke the materialistic one and Leibnitz the idealistic one. The present work represents the greatest clash between the two giants of late 17th century philosophy. The effect of Leibnitz' work was enormous, and among the Germans he invoked a great passion for philosophical studies. Leibnitz represents a striking contrast to both Locke with his empiricism and Spinoza. One earlier collection of some of Leibnitz' works had been printed before this one, but it did not contain his "New Essays on Human Understanding", and only consisted of his "Smaller Philosophical Works". This is the German 1740-edition "Kleinere philosohische Schriften". The other writings contained in this publication are "Examen du sentiment du P. Malebranche que nous voyons tout en Dieu", ""Dialogus de connexione inter res & verba", "Difficultates quaedam Logicae", "Discours touchant la methode de la certitude & de l'art d'inventer", "Historia et commendatio charactericae universalis quae simul sit ars inveniendi".Graesse IV:152.

Paris, Guillaumin et Cie, Victor Masson et Fils, 1862. 8vo. Bound uncut and with the original printed front wrapper (expertly restored) in a very fine later half morocco binding with four raised bands and gilt title to spine. Very light minor brownspotting to a few pages. An exceptionally nice, clean, and attractive copy. LXIV (incl. half-title), I-XXIII + (24-) 712. pp. and 1 folded plate (between pp.160 a. 161). Fully complete. The scarce first French edition of Darwin's masterpiece, one of the most important books ever printed. The "Origin" started the greatest of all intellectual revolutions in the history of Mankind.There were some difficulties with the first French edition. Mlle Royer, who Darwin described as 'one of the cleverest and oddest women in Europe' and wished 'had known more of natural history', added her own footnotes. He was not really happy until the third translation by Éduard Barbier appeared in 1876. (Freeman). Freeman No 655 (Freeman does not mention the plate, which is present here).

Paris, L. Cellot, 1778. 12mo (170 x 105 mm). Uniformly bound in three nice contemporary full sprinkled calf bindings with five raised bands and richly gilt spine. Edges of boards gilt. Small Capital on vol. 1 with wear and scratch to front board on vol. 3. Small worm tract affecting lower margin of first few leaves in vol. 3, not affecting text. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spines indicating the inventory number in an estate library. A very nice set. (2), VIII, XXIV, 459 pp.; (2), XXX, 524 pp.; (2), XXXVI, 374, (2) pp. A fine copy of the second edition of one of the most important 18th century French works on gastronomy. Here Menon presents more than two thousand recipes for ‘fine dining’ during the reign of Louis XV. Menon embraced a comprehensive approach to the culinary customs of his era, extending beyond mere food preparation and presentation. His works highlighted the significance of action, strategy, and demeanor, emphasizing that these aspects were equally crucial. His books served not only as guides to gastronomic practices but also as manuals for proper conduct and manners. Menon had what we would today call a holistic approach to gastronomic practices of his day that went well beyond the preparation and presentation of food. Several of his titles make clear that action, strategy and deportment were just as important. "François Menon was the most influential and prolific French cookbook author of the eighteenth century. During his time, today's familiar categories of French cooking were emerging, and Menon was a master of them all: nouvelle cuisine (a term that each generation redefines); haute or classical cuisine; and cuisine bourgeoise. He even wrote the first French cookbook devoted specifically to a woman cook (La cuisinìere bourgeoise)... Menon first described the new cuisine in detail in the third and final volume of Nouveau Traité de la cuisine (New Treatise on Cooking, 1742). In contrast to traditional cooking, he wrote, the key to nouvelle cuisine was delicacy. Sauces were lighter but at the same time more nourishing; seasonings aimed to enhance rather than mask lead ingredients... Menon not only wrote about the practicalities of nouvelle cuisine; he was also concerned with philosophy, linking his mission closely to that of the leading thinkers of the Enlightenment: to advance and disseminate knowledge that allows humankind to live in a state of nature perfected." (Willan, The Cookbook Library, pp. 218-19). Provenance: A large Danish estate. Vicaire 591 Bitting 321 Livres en bouche, 212.

Kiøbenhaffn, Lorentz Benedicht, 1567. 4to. Indbundet i et ganske velbevaret samtidigt hellæderbind af brunt kalveskind med blindtrykte rammer i streg, en bred blindtrykt ramme med symbolske figurer og portrætter. Midterfeltet omgivet af en smallere dekorativ blindtrykt ramme. I midterfeltet med blindtrykt pladestempel "Prudenc", alle dyders moder. Den blanke ramme mellem de blindtrykte, er forsynet med spredte håndstempler, stjerner og rosetter, som oprindeligt har været forgyldte. I den brede blindtrykte ramme på bindets bagside findes bogbinderens signatur "D L". Ryggen med 3 ægte bind. Lette reparationer på forpermens kanter og hjørner samt reparation på øverste og nederste rygfelt.Ad 1. Titelbladet trykt i rød/sort. 40 blade (sidste tomt). Blad 1b med stort træstukket rigsvåben. De 4 første blade med kantreparationer, her og der med tab af nogle bogstaver. På titelbladet er der tab af "mectigste" i Stormectigste. Annoteret i marginer og nogle tekstunderstregninger, alle i gl. hånd. Ellers velbevaret.- Ad 2. 16 blade. Blad 1b træstukket rigsvåben. Enkelte annoteringer. Velbevaret. - Ad 3. 14 blade. Blad 1b træstukket rigsvåben. Velbevaret. - Ad 4. Titelbladet trykt i rød/sort. 30 blade. Blad 1b træstukket rigsvåben. Velbevaret. Alle de 4 forordninger er trykt på godt papir, gennemgående rene og velbevarede. Yderst sjælden samling af disse 4 forordninger som således er den anden udgivne dansk-norske lovsamling. Prototypen (med de 4 samme forordninger) udkom første gang 1562-63, trykt af Hans Zimmermann. Her forligger de i Lorentz Benedichts fornemme tryk. (Se Paulli "Lorentz Benedicht", nr. 33-36). Ganske få eksemplarer er stadig i privateje.Lauritz Nielsen, 1373, 700, 646 og 1558. - Thesaurus I, 174, 177, 178, 176.

Napoli, Stamperia Simoniana, 1780. 4to. In contemporary full vellum with leather title label with gilt lettering to spine. Occassionally brownspotted throughout, otherwise a good copy. (28), 416 pp. Second edition, supplemented with a preface, notes and an epilogue, remarking on the change in the current situation since the first edition, of this groundbreaking work in monetary economics, considered one of the first specific treatises on economics. Galiani's treatise, first printed anonymously in 1751, was not just a work of economics; it was based on the principal that freedom was important for society to work properly and it became very influential in subsequent monetary theory - "This is the best of the many treatises published in Italy on money" (McCulloch). Most of Galiani’s theoretical work can be found in his ‘Della moneta’. Despite the variety of topics addressed in the book, the basic contributions concern value and monetary theory and the so called paradox of value which according to Schumpeter he ‘carried this analysis to its 18th-century peak’ (History of Economic Analysis, p.300). “Besides being a policy paper – stressing, in Vico’s tradition, the importance of happiness and utility and arguing that policy does not have principles, hence different economic policies are needed in different times – Della moneta is also a sophisticated theoretical treatise. The latter is probably the highest analysis on the nature of money, its value and the implications of different policies on prices, supply and demand of goods and equilibrium. In the tradition of Montanari and Davanzati, Galiani develops a subjective value theory on philosophical and psychological grounds. The value of anything is something that human human beingsdetermine for themselves naturally, through their own mutual agreement. Utility equals happiness and is inversely proportional to rarity; value is a function of marginal utility; no lawm nor governments, should therefore try to impose estimates of value (‘alzamento’) on others, because this coercion would eventually ruin and corrupt the natural order of things. In the treatise he challenged both Broggio, Locke and above all Jean-Francois Melon, whose work he knew through his uncle Celestino. He proclaims his debt to a long tradition of studies on money and on monetary theory: from Aristotle, to the Spanish theologians of the School of Salamanca, Bernardo Davanzati and William Petty, showing the breadth of his reading and the quality of sources.” (Books that Made Europe). Ferdinando Galiani was a leading Italian figure of the Enlightenment and one of the most notable Italian economists of all time. Friedrich Nietzsche referred to him as "a most fastidious and refined intelligence" as well as "... the most profound, sharp-sighted and perhaps also the foulest man of his century." Kress I. B 275. Einaudi 2330 Mattioli 1374 McCulloch p. 190

Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung und Druckerei, 1860. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Small stamp and previous owner signature to title page. Leather on lower part of spine with a tear and part detached. Hinges weak but book-block firmly attached. VIII (including half, 520, (6) pp + 1 plate. The very scarce first edition of the highly important first German translation, which appeared just months after the original.This translation came to play a tremendous role in the spreading of Darwinism in Germany and Northern Europe in general. It was through this translation that Darwinian thought reached most of the German scientists and thinkers of the period, and it was this translation that challenged German scholars to think in new ways about morphology, systematics, paleontology, and other biological disciplines. It was from this translation that Ernst Haeckel, Darwin's most famous nineteenth-century proponent and popularizer in Germany, got his Darwinism and was able to further spread the new ideas in his own country. The German translation of Darwin's "The Origin of Species" appeared in 1860, just months after the original, thanks to Heinrich Georg Bronn, a distinguished German paleontologist whose work in some ways paralleled Darwin's. Bronn's version of the book (with his own notes and commentary appended) did much to determine how Darwin's theory was understood and applied by German biologists, for the translation process involved more than the mere substitution of German words for English."Its [Origin of Species] greatest impact on German biological practice lay in the introduction of historical modes of explanation for the observable phenomena of living nature. The historical approach to nature was rejected, not only by the opponents of evolution, but also by the idealist evolutionist. Whether they favored a teleological or a reductionist biology, the idealists could not see the point of a theory that emphasized the irregularities and exceptions in the organic world. In the timeless real of idealist thinking, unchanging laws worked out an inevitable destiny. But Darwin taught his followers to look at living beings one by one. Thus prompted, they recognized, as if for the first time, the surprising fact of anomaly and the wisdom of an open-ended theory." (Glick, The Comparative Reception of Darwinism). "Darwin was not happy about the first German translation. It was done from the second English edition by H.G. Bronn, who had, at Darwin's suggestion, added an appendix of the difficulties which occurred to him; but he had also excised bits of which he did not approve. This edition also contains the historical sketch in its shorter and earlier form." (Freeman).Freeman No 672 - Freeman does not mention the lithographed plate.

Wien, Carl Gerold, 1828-30. 8vo. Bound in 4 contemp. marbled boards, titlelabels with gilt lettering. A few scratches to hinges and spine ends. Very small loos to 2 titlelabels. Light wear to top of spine on volume 4. Corners a bit bumped. 2 small paperlabels pasted to lower part of spines. A small stamp to foot of titlepages. VIII,439;IV,424;VIII,439;VI,520 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates. First German edition (a translation from the Latin "Institutiones Calculi Integralis", 1768-70) of this landmark work on the integral calculus, being the most complete and accurate work on the subject at the time. It "contained not only a full summary of everything then known on this subject, but also the Beta and Gamma functions and other original investigations" (Cajori). The work exhibits Euler's numerous discoveries in the theory of both ordinary and partial differential equations, which were especially useful in mechanics."(Euler) presents methods of definite and indefinite integration, having invented many of the methods himself, such as the use of an "Euler substitution" for rationalizing particular irrational differentials. His treatment is near exhaustive for integrals expressive as elementary functions. He also develops the theory of ordinart and partial differential equations and presents many properties of the beta and gamma function Eulerian integrals introduced by Euler earlier."(Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1768 M).Enestroem E 342, E 385, E 385 (The Latin edition). - Poggendorff I, 690.