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Berlin, E.S. Mittler & Sohn Verlag 1922-1937. Bound in 7 contemporary half cloth bindings, gilt title labels, orig. wrappers preserved. With library labels on spines. With numerous folding maps, plans, sketches and illustrations. Der Krieg zur See 1914-1918.

Berlin, Julius Springer, 1921 & 1922. 8vo. Entire volumes 7-8, 1921 and 1922, of "Zeitschrift für Physik" bound in two uniform contemporary half cloth bindings over marbled boards. Library-stamp to title-pages, otherwise, both volumes fine, clean, and tight. Pp. 249-53; Pp. 110-11. [Entire volumes: VI, 414 pp; IV, 419 pp.]. First printing of Stern and Gerlach's seminal papers in which the first spatial quantization, atomic magnetic moments, was first presented. With these papers, the first clear proof for the spin of the electron appeared, profoundly influencing the world of physics. The discovery of the deflection of particles is often used to illustrate basic principles of quantum mechanics and demonstrates that electrons and atoms have inherent quantum properties.Spatial quantization had been introduced merely as a theoretical concept by Sommerfeld in 1916, but no one before Stern had ever empirically demonstrated its existence, and some physicists even considered it to be nothing more than a mathematical tool. In his 1921-paper Stern proposed an empirical test:"The idea for the experiment proposed by Stern was simple enough. A beam of silver atoms is produced by letting silver evaporate in an oven with a small opening. The beam is collimated and travels in X direction until it falls on a glass plate. Between collimators and plate an inhomogeneous magnetic field is produced. It points in y direction and also changes its strength as a function of y. If the atoms possess a magnetic moment, the field pulls them away from the X axis. If the moments are oriented at random, there will be a broadening of the beam. But if spatial quantization exists with just two possible orientations, then the beam will be split in two. Half the atoms are pulled in the positive and half in the negative y direction. It should be treated as a spinning top with a magnetic needle in its axis." ( Brandt. The Harvest of a Century, p. 124).In November 1921, Stern and Gerlach observed a broadening of the beam, its size increased from 0.1 mm till 0.3 mm when the field was turned on. "This result proved that silver atoms possess a magnetic moment. With a still better collimated beam in February 1922 where the splitting of the beam into two was observed. Spatial quantization was established." ( Brandt. The Harvest of a Century, p. 124).Only after the birth of quantum mechanics it became clear that the atoms themselves are not turned, but that their quantum mechanical wave function assumes one of its possible values in the apparatus. The discovery penetrated all aspects of physics; it was documented that electrons are responsible for the hyperfine structure of the spectroscopic lines and more generally that the direct observation of the spin of the electron is the most clear evidence of quantization in quantum mechanics.The three volumes also contains the following papers of interest:1. Born, Max. Über elektrostatische Gitterpotentiale. Bd. 7. pp. 124-140.2. Born, Max. Zur Thermodynamik der Kristallgitter. Bd. 7. pp. 217-248.3. Geiger, H. Reichweitemessungen an alfa-Strahlen. Bd. 8. pp. 45-58.4. Brody, E. & Max Born. Bemerkungen zy unseren Abhandlungen "Über die Schwingungen eines mechanischen Systems mit endlicher Amplitude und ihre Quantelung" [...] . Bd. 8. Pp. 205-208.5. Heisenberg, Werner. Zur Quantentheorie der Linienstruktur und der anomalen Zeemaneffekte. Bd. 8. pp. 273-297.And many others.

Hafnia, Schultz, 1812. 4to. In contemporary blank green boards. Light wear to extremities. Internally nice and clean, printed on heavy blue paper. (4), 62, (2) pp. Exceedingly rare first edition, possibly gift-copy, of Dampe's doctoral dissertation on ethics in the Koran. Dampe was subject to arguable the most profound miscarriage of justice in Danish history. In 1820, Dampe was sentenced to death for advocating the abolition of absolute monarchy and the establishment of a free constitution. However, his sentence was commuted to exile and he was imprisoned in "the Balloon" on the tiny island of Fredriksø. Following the abolition of exile as a form of punishment in 1840 he was placed under house arrest on Bornholm. In 1848, he was granted amnesty by Denmark's new king, Frederick VII. The following year, in 1849, the Danish Constitution was introduced pretty much the way Dampe had proposed. His dissertation provides an overview of the main principles of the Quran’s ethical teachings, the arguments for following them, pre-Islamic Arab ethics before Muhammad, and what Muhammad thought about himself. Then follows an excursus on Muhammad’s clever ways of granting himself authority and finally, an appendix with ten pages of philological commentary. Biblioteca Danica I, 596.

K., 1843. Ubeskåret i et nydeligt senere mønstret mørkegrønt papirsbindd. Mangler 1/3 af skindtitlen på ryggen. Hér og dér noget plettet, revne på titelbl. restaureret. Originaludgave. Himmelstrup 53.

(København, 1801-11). Lille 4to. Lidt senere hshirbd. Forskellige pagineringer, ialt 190 pp. incl. fortalen til kronprindsen, men uden det trykte titelblad, som kun kendes i 2 eksemplarer. På skrivepapir. Enkelte brunpletter. i hefte 4 er 3 blade repareret for rifter i klummen, med tab af enkelte bogstaver. Disse sider med en mindre skjold. Iøvrigt på skrivepapir. Titelkobber, 14 kobberstukne plancher, 2 kobberstukne portrætter (halvsides). Komplet. Med F. Ahlefeld-Laurvig's navnetræk og kronprinsens kongelige monogram i diskret blindtryk på halvtitlen og på fribladet. Det yderst sjældne originaltryk, som udkom over 10 år i 4 hefter. "En Række af Udgiveren (Lahde) stukne Kobbere med Afbildninger af Mindesmærker paa Assistens Kirkegaard i København; til Kobberne knytter sig Biografier skrevet af forskellige Forfattere og alle trykt med Fraktur, af hvem vides ikke. Titelbladet, som kun kendes i et enkelt eksemplar(hvorfor Værket almindeligvis betegnes "Mindesmærker paa Assistens Kirkegaard"),..." (Birkelund nr. 202).

Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press, (1962). 8vo. Orig. full blue cloth w. blue lettering to spine and front board. A bit of bumping to capitals. Original blue dust-jacket w. red lettering. Spine faded and some minor wear to capitals. A tear to front of dust-jacket, no loss. Not price-clipped. Old owner's name to front free end-paper. Internally very nice and clean. A very good copy. X, 179 pp. The uncommon first edition, first issue of Hintikka's seminal main work, which also constitutes the main work of contemporary epistemic logic.The Finnish born philosopher and logician, Jaakko Hintikka (born 1929), Professor of Philosophy at the University of Boston, is generally accepted as the founder of formal epistemic logic and of game semantics for logic. He has contributed seminally to the fields of philosophical and mathematical logic, philosophy of mathematics and science, language theory and epistemology. Independently of Evert Willem Beth he discovered the semantic tableau, and he is famous for his work on game semantics and logical quantifiers. In 2005 Hintakka was awarded the Schock Prize in logic and philosophy, the philosophical equivalent to the Nobel prize, "for his pioneering contributions to the logical analysis of modal concepts, IN PARTICULAR THE CONCEPTS OF KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF ". The first edition of this seminal work, which has founded contemporary epistemic logic, is very difficult to find. The work was reprinted three times between 1962 and 1969, but after that the work was only printed again in 2005."In 1962 Jaakko Hintikka published "Knowledge and Belief: An Introduction to the Logic of the Two Notions" with Cornell University Press. Almost every paper or a book on epistemic and doxastic logic that has appeared since then has referred to this seminal work. Although many philosophers working in logic, epistemology, game-theory, economics, computer science and linguistics mention the book, it is very likely that most have never literally had their hands on it, much less owned a copy. After a fourth printing in 1969, Knowledge and Belief went out of print and as many of us have found to our dismay, it has become increasingly difficult to find used copies at our local shops or online. It is our pleasure to provide the interdisciplinary community with this reprint edition of Knowledge and Belief." (Abstract of the re-issue edition, Prepared by Vincent F. Hendricks & John Symons, King's College Publications, 2005).In this breakthrough work, Hintikka sets out to understand and explain the logical behavior of the two fundamental epistemological notions, Knowledge and belief. "The word "logic" which occurs in the subtitle of this work is to be taken seriously. My first aim is to formulate and to defend explicit criteria of consistency for certain sets of statements - criteria which, it is hoped, will be comparable with the criteria of consistency studied in the established branches of logic. What the statements in question are like is also indicated in the title [...]" (Chapter One, Prolegomena, p.3)."Knowledge and Belief" has been extremely influential from the time of its appearance and continues to be so to this day, also due to the fact that epistemic logic has greatly influenced the fields of game theory, artificial intelligence and distributed computing.

Ultraiecti, Iohannem & Guilielmum van de Water, 1689, 4to. Uniformly bound in two nice contemporary full calf bindings with four raised bands and richly gilt spines. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Title-pages slightly soiled. A few occassional marginal annotations in contemporary hand. A nice and clean set. (8), 25, (1), 884, (16) pp.; (32), 611 pp.; (4), 80, (16) pp. Second edition of Hoornbeeck’s important work which constitute a systematic exposition of practical theology, focusing on the application of theological principles to Christian life and conduct. “In a second publication (also offered here), Irenicum sive de Studio Pacis, published in 1666 as an addendum to his Theologia Practica, Hoornbeeck is once again very clear about the need for an irenical and peace-loving approach (Hofmeyr 1975:203). For him, the split between the Reformed and Lutheran traditions was unnecessary. In many of his writings, he pleads for greater understanding and better relations. He also warns the reformed church not to allow its unity to be negatively affected by the cocceian and cartesian differences and conflicts. In his opinion, there are three ways of resolving conflicts: reconsidering the common faith and confession; commitment to piety and common practice, and reaching compromises.”

Berlin, Rüdiger, 1732 (+) Dresden & Leipzig, Zimmermann und Gerlach, 1733 (+) Ulm, Wagner, 1733- 8vo. In a nice contemporary Cambridge-style mirror binding with four raised bands and richly gilt spine. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Boards with some loss of leather. Ex-libris (Juel to Valdemar's Castle) pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Leaf A2-3 with loss to upper margin, with loss of text, otherwise internally nice and clean. 119, (1), (14), 176, (4), (60), 502, (14) pp. + 1 frontispiece. Intereristing sammelband containing three protestant works on how God's grace transforms a person, whether in conversion, daily Christian life or death aiming to guide believers toward salvation through faith, repentance and moral living. They are all scarce and rarely found in the trade. We have not been able to trace a single copy, nor does OCLC list any copies of the last work, “Kurz-gefasste Predigten”

Paris, Charles Houel, an VI de la République (=1798). 8vo. Recent simple brown half cloth w. gilt title to spine. Uncut. Title-page w. large damp-stain, next few leaves w. a bit of soiling to upper corner. Occasinal brownspotting. Every gathering extended and re-inforced at hinge, probably in order to make the book open to its full extent. (2), 484, (1, -errata) pp. The true first edition of this posthumously published major treatise, Condillac's final main work, which proved to be one of his most important and influential ones. The work was originally published both separately, as it is here, with its own errata-leaf and title-page without mentioning of volume number for the Oeuvres, and as the final volume of his "Oeuvres philosophiques".Having realized that other philosophers' accounts of knowledge had failed because they focused on the essences instead of the origins, Condillac, in all of his major treatises, set out to define moral and metaphysical problems as precisely as one can define the problems of geometry, and the approach that would enable this would be analytic. In the same stroke he would correct Locke's mistake of "Internal sense", the distinction between the process of sensation and of reflection. "His instrument was a highly original theory of language as the analyst of experience. It is by the mind's capacity to invent and manipulate symbols of uniform and determinate significance that it passes from sensation to reflection and communication and hence to effective knowledge... By identifying the operations of language as the cause of intellectual functions, Condillac intended to be making the kind of statement Newton had made when he identified gravity as the cause of planetary motion - an exact and verifiable generalization of phenomenal effects. " (D.S.B. III:381). It is in his last major work that Condillac deals most thoroughly with the analysis of language and the language of algebra. Algebra is the language of mathematics, and it is the only language that is well done ("bien faite"), nothing in this language is arbitrary; the analogies of this language are always precise and lead on to new sensible expressions; in this language the purpose is not to learn to speak like others, the purpose is to speak in the greater analogy in order to reach a greater precision. Algebra, the language of mathematics, is a language of analogies. Analogy, which constitute this language, also constitutes the methods. "L'analogie: viola donc à quoi se réduit tout l'art de raisonner, comme tout l'art de parler; et dans ce seul mot, nous voyons comment nous pouvons nous instruire des découvertes des autres, et comment nous en pouvons faire nous-mêmes."(= "The analogy: now, this is what the entire art of reasoning as well as the entire art of talking can be reduced to; and with this single word we see how we can guide the discoveries of others, and how we can do them ourselves. [own translation]" (p. 7). And thus, the objective of this work is to see how it will be possible to give to other sciences the same exactness as that which we otherwise believe exclusively to be a part of mathematics, namely the exactness of the language of algebra."It was through his last works -"La logique" and, especially, "La langue des calculs"- that Condillac exercised the most decisive influence on the philosophical taste of the generation of scientists immediately following his own. Therein, like his predecessors in the rationalist tradition, he looked to mathematics as the exemplar of knowledge. He parted company with them, however, in developing the preference he had expressed in his early work for the analytic over the synthetic mode of reasoning." (D.S.B.; III:382). Algebra, seen as both a language and as the method of analysis, in comparison to the inaccurate instrument that is ordinary language would reveal to Condillac what is the difference between the problems of science and those of society, the moral and metaphysical ones. "And in that comparison Condillac's philosophy entered into the reforming mission of the Enlightenment, the central imperative of the rationalism then having been to reduce the imperfections of human arrangements by approximating them to the natural and to educate the human understanding in the grammar of nature. In Franceat least, the congruence of Condillac's philosophy of science with the broader commitments of progressive culture recommended it so scientists themselves as the most authoritative reading of Newtonian methodology... The terminology and symbolism of the modern science of chemistry are examples still alive in science of the practicality of this program." (D.S.B., III:382). Condillac's philosophy of science was considered the most authoritative reading of Newtonian methodology. Among many others Lavoicier and other protagonists of the chemical revolution were influenced by his reform of nomenclature, as were and are botanists, zoologists and geometrics by his scientific explanations. His psychological empiricism is now considered the first positivist account of science.Condillac was one of the greatest French philosophers of the Enlightenment. He was friends with Rousseau and Diderot and was a forerunner in the junction between epistemology and philosophy, which was inspired by Locke and Newton, as the two sciences almost merged into one in this period. "Condillac contibuted to the synthesis more decisively than did any other writer." (D.S.B. III:380).

Amsterdam, De La Compagnie, 1747. 8vo. Bound in a nice contemporary Cambridge-style mirror binding with four raised bands and richly gilt spine. Gilt super ex-libris to front board. Wear and scratches to boards, primarily affecting front board. Internally nice and clean. (4), 363 pp. Beautiful copy of this interesting work on the dramatic life of the 11th Lord Lovat. Although often referred to as the first appearance of this work it is in fact the first French translation of Lord Grange’s, Lord Lovat’s legal adviser, ‘Memoires of the Life of Simon Fraser Lord Lovat’ from 1746. Dr. Hill Burton notes that this is “the least inaccurate” biographical contemporary account of Lord Lovat which has ever appeared. The 11th Lord Lovat (1667 –1747), also known as Simon Fraser, was famous for his involvement in the Jacobite uprisings in Scotland during the 18th century and for being the last man in Britain to be beheaded. Lord Lovat is perhaps most famously known for his support of the Jacobite cause during the Jacobite Rising of 1745. He initially pledged allegiance to the British government but later switched sides to support the claim of Charles Edward Stuart, also known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, to the British throne. Lovat's decision to join the Jacobites was motivated by a combination of personal ambition and political calculation. Lovat's support for the Jacobites culminated in his participation in the Battle of Culloden in 1746 where the Jacobite forces were decisively defeated by the British government army. After the battle, Lovat attempted to evade capture but was eventually apprehended. He was tried for treason and subsequently executed in 1747.

Halle, Max Niemeyer, 1913. 4to. Contemporary or a bit later blue half cloth with a gilt red leather title-label to spine. Remains of glue to edges of the inside of boards (from a protective cover that has not left marks anywhere else). Old owner's signatures to title-page, one erased. Some light pencil-annotations. A nice and clean copy. VIII, 323, (1) pp. The scarce first edition, off-print, of Husserl's second main work, his seminal "Ideas", which constitutes the founding text of Constitutive Phenomenology and the work, in which Husserl introduces his groundbreaking notion of "epoché". It was due to this work that he was able to secure himself the position as Professor in Freiburg (from 1916-1928).Although the work is called "Ideen I", there is no doubt as to its status as a separate work. Husserl did not publish his Ideen II and III in his lifetime, and they were only published posthumously, both in 1952. They have had none of the impact that the "Ideen I" had, and they are considered to be works in their own right too, although much less interesting.When Husserl published his "Logical Investigations" in 1900-1901, he changed the face of philosophy and founded the new philosophy of the 20th century: Phenomenology. In the Logical Investigations, Husserl began by attacking Psychologism and then went on to introduce his new philosophical method, which only then saw the light of day, and which only becomes fully developed later on. In 1900-01 he asks the question of the essence of the matter of perception as opposed to the form of perception. In his "Ideen", he extends his scope to include philosophy of the natural sciences, and he reflects thoroughly on the method of transcendental phenomenological epohé and reduction. He thus takes a new turn on conscious life and the pre-given status of it. This can no longer be accepted as something that exists in the world as the final guarantee for the world and the positive sciences of it. We must distinguish between the act of consciousness and the phenomena at which it is directed, in order to study the very structure of consciousness. All assumptions about the existence of the external world must be suspended, in order to achieve knowledge of the essences. It is this procedure that Husserl calls "epoché", and the constitutive phenomenology, which is founded in this work, is something that comes to characterize the rest of Husserl's works.Husserl is now famous as the father of phenomenology, and he decisively influenced the likes of Heidegger, Sartre, Carnap, Merleau-Ponty, Levinas, Ricoeur, Derrida etc. etc.

Londres, Pierre J. Duplain, 1788. 8vo, Two nice uniform contemporary full calf bindings with gilt spines. Some loss of leather to back hinge and lower capital of volume one and minor loos of leather to spine of volume two, all due to worming. Worming is not bad and does not affect anything but outer layer of small parts of the bindings. Apart from the worming a very nice, fresh and clean copy indeed. (8), IV, 503; (4), 496 pp. With both half-titles, the advertisment, both prefaces and the table of contents. Rare early French translation of Adam Smith's political and economic classic, the "Wealth of Nations". Translated by Blavet. The present edition constitutes the third reprint of the second French translation. The second French translation was done by Blavet and is the first translation into French of which the translator and publisher are known. "The reprint of Blavet's version appeared at Yverdon in 1781 in 6 volumes 12mo, and at Paris in the same year in 3 volumes 12mo, and again at London and Paris in 1788 in 2 volumes 8vo [the present edition], and revised and corrected, with Blavet's name as translator, at Paris An, ix (1800-01) in 4 volumes 8vo.He [Blavet] had no intention of publishing it until his friend M. Ameilhon happened to complain of scarcity of interesting articles for his Journal de l'Agriculture, du Commerce, des Arts et des Finances, which had just come under the control of the Mercantilist. It struck him that he might offer it to him which he did, with the explanation that it was far from perfect. It was accepted, and appeared in the issues of the Journal between January, 1779, and December 1780. He did not anticipate that it would go further. The edition of 1788 likewise appeared without his knowledge or consent, and was still more marred by errors than that of Yverdon". (Lai, Cheng-chung. Adam Smith Across Nations: Translations and Receptions of The Wealth of Nations, Clarendon Press, UK, 2000). Hailed as the "first and greatest classic of modern thought" (PMM 221), Adam Smith's tremendously influential main work has had a profound impact on thought and politics, and is considered the main foundation of the era of liberal free trade that dominated the nineteenth century. Adam Smith (1723-1790) is considered the founder of Political Economy in Britain, mainly due to his groundbreaking work, the "Wealth of Nations" from 1776. The work took him 12 years to write and was probably in contemplation 12 years before that. It was originally published in two volumes in 4to, and was published later the same year in Dublin in three volumes in 8vo. The book sold well, and the first edition, the number of which is unknown, sold out within six months, which came as a surprise to the publisher, and probably also to Smith himself, partly because the work "requires much thought and reflection (qualities that do not abound among modern readers) to peruse to any purpose." (Letter from David Hume, In: Rae, Life of Adam Smith, 1895, p. 286), partly because it was hardly reviewed or noticed by magazines or annuals. In spite of this, it did evoke immense interest in the learned and the political world, and Buckle's words that the work is "in its ultimate results probably the most important book that has ever been written", and that it has "done more towards the happiness of man than has been effected by the united abilities of all the statesmen and legislators of whom history has preserved an authentic account" (History of Civilisation, 1869, I:214) well describes the opinion of a great part of important thinkers then as well as now. Considering the groundbreaking views presented in "Wealth of Nations", it comes as no surprise that the work was considered part of the revolutionary cultural development in France. As Adam Smith's friend, the Marquis of Lansdowne, said after quoting Smith's work: "With respect to French principles, as they had been denominated, those principles had been exported from us to France, and could not be said to have originated among the population of the latter country." (Quoted in: Rae, p. 291). The ideas of Adam Smith were often considered so dangerously closely connected with French ideas at the time that the term "political economy" almost became synonymous with questions concerning the constitution of governments. "The French Revolution seems to have checked for a time the growing vogue of Smith's book and the advance of his principles in this country, just as it checked the progress of parliamentary and social reform, because it filled men's mind with a fear of change, with a suspicion of all novelty, with an unreasoning dislike of anything in the nature of general principle." (Rae, p. 293). There can be no question that this seminal work greatly influenced French opinion at the time.

Frankfurt & Leipzig, A. Boëtius, 1696. 4to. Bound in two cont. full blindstamped pigskin. 4 raised bands on backs. On both front covers in gold: "P.D." and "1697". The vol. w. the Old Testament also has the shared half-title leaf: "Edvardi Leigh. Critica Sacra Veteris et Novi Testamenti." This same vol. w. engr. portrait and title page in red and black. Both volumes interleaved, on these extra leaves notes in cont. hand (P.D.?). On verso of front board the price of the bindings is written in cont. hand: "Materia totius Opus..." etc. (38), 496, (38) + (22), 748, (52) pp. "Succeding lexicographers of the Old and New Testament have been greatly indebted to Leigh." (Lowndess).

Stockholm, Norstedt & Sönner, 1839-46. Small 8vo. Bound in three nice contemporary uniform half calf bindings with gilt and blindstamped spines. A bit of wear to extremities. Old owner's name to first front free end-paper and a Swedish book.plate to inside of front boards. Apart from a damp stain to a few leaves of the third part, and a bit of occasional brownspotting, a nice and clean copy. (4), 284; (4), 276; (4), 295; XIV, 277; (4), 255; (4), 246 pp. Scarce first edition of the first Swedish translation of Tocqueville's monumental "De la démocratie en Amerique", one of the most important texts in the history of political thought.The original French edition of the work appeared in 1835-1840, and the present Swedish edition is thus very early, the first volume appearing before the last volume of the original edition had appeared. The work greatly influenced liberal thought and politics in Sweden.OCLC locates merely 5 copies: 4 in America and 1 in Sweden

Paris, A. Calavas, n.date (presumably 1914). Folio. Cont. full calf. Richly gilt back. Fine. 15 pp. and 112 fine plates of which 20 are coloured.

A la Haye, J. Neaulme, 1741. Small 8vo. Cont. full mottled calf. Richly gilt back with 6 compartments. Gilt leather titlelabel. A small nick to lower part of back, 2 corners lightly bumped. A fine copy, on good paper. Engraved frontispiece (dated 1707). IV,XVIII,394,(6) pp., 1 large engraved vignette and 8 engraved plates with many figs., showing details of fireworks. A highly esteemed treatise of fireworks for celebration. Originally issued 1706, and this edition, pirated by Naulme the publisher, is identical to the 1706 edition, apart from the titlepage. Encouraged by this pirated edition Frezier wrote a second edition which appeared in 1747 in three different versions. (Chris Philip, Firework Books F 110.3).

Kjøbenhavn, 1869-73. 4to. Bound i one cont. hcalf. Back a little rubbed. Around 300 pp. and 3 folded plates. Together with the authors: Bidrag til et thermochemisk System. Kbhvn., (1852). 4to. (48) pp. All issued in Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. First edition of Thomsens main contributions in thermochemistry, undoubtly the most importent contribution from a Dane in chemistry in the 19th century. - The paper from 1852 "Contribution to a Thermochemical System" is famous as it is the first statement of a new nomenclatura and the paper contains the first enunciation of the thermochemical affinity principle, which states that chemical affinity, or the attraction between substances, can be measured by the heat evolved when body combine. His fundamental thought was that the evolution of heat accompanying a chemical reaction (which he called varmetoning, equivalent to enthalpy change) is an exact expression of the chemical affinity of the reaction.

Sth.,Kbhvn., Oslo, 1928-78. Lex8vo. Bd. 1-38 indbd. i solide hldrbd., rest heftet. Registerbd. 1928-57 i hldrbd.

London, C. Davis, 1750. Bound to style in a fine later hcalf with raised bands and titlelabel in leather on back, gilt. VIII,470,(1) pp., 15 large folded engraved plates and 10 textengravings (as headpieces). A few scattered brownspots. Scarce first English edition. Reaumur, perhaps better known as an entomologist and member of Academie Royale des Sciences, kept a large and well-known collection of living birds on his Country House in Bas Poitou, where Mathurun-Jacques Brisson was his assistant, collaborator and keeper of the valuable birdcollection. "It is an importent early work on artificial incubation, mostly experiments with manure heaps and bakers owen" (Wood), all these experiments depicted and analysed in the work. - Wood No. 1750 - BMC (NH) not having the English edition.

Folio. Cont. full calf. 7 raised bands. Gilt back. Extremities rubbed. Some cracking along upper part of hinges, but covers not loose. Engraved frontispiece, engraved titlevign., 1 half-page engraving. (36),34,728,48,123 pp. 2 double-page engraved maps. Printed on good paper. Ocassional a little brownspotted and a few margins slightly dampstained. Brunet V,845. "Bonne édition, ornée d'un beau frontispiece gravé et de deux cartes géographiques (Græcia antiqua et Sicilia vetus). Greek and latin paralelltext.

Kiøbenhavn, Gyldendals Forlag, 1775-77. Indbundet i 9 ensartede samtidige helldrbind i flammet kalv med ophøjede bind på rygge. Rig rygforgyldning. Forgyldte titeletiketterpå rygge. Her og der med lettere rygslid. Fra ferderik heymans bogsamling. Alle bind har Heymans kobberstukne exlibris på indersiden af forpermerne. Udmærket komplet eksemplar med Sneedorffs kobberstukne portræt i første bind. Originaludgaven. Sneedorff var en helt central skikkelse i udbredningen af oplysningstidens idealer i Danmark og Norge: "Sneedorffs oplysningsforhavende er primært formidlende, samfundsopbyggende og ikke af den kritiske, autoritetsanfægtende slags. Det kritiske ytre sig hos ham i det moralsk-opdragende blik på menneskers adfærd i samfundet og de almene menneskelige brist såsom standshovmod, pyntesyge, forfængelighed, hykleri, fordomsfuldhed." (Dansk Litteraturs Historie, Gyldendal, 2007, p. 479).

Utrecht, Gedruckt voor de erfgenamen van Mr. Willem Teellinck, 1659. 4to. In contemporary full calf with three raised bands. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Wear to extremities, scratches and a few wormholes to boards. First and last leaf slightly browned but otherwise internally very nice and clean. (18), 1048, (4), (1049)-1213, (38) pp. First edition of Teelinck’s intended “complete works” which were published by his sons three years after he passed away. Only three parts were published and his complete works were never published. Teellinck produced 127 manuscripts in all, of which only 60 were printed. Willem Teellinck (1579-1629) was one of the earliest leaders of the Dutch Nadere Reformatie, also often called the second Dutch reformation. He placed a heavy emphasis on the absolute necessity of personal conversion. Teellinck is a direct link between English Puritanism and Dutch Reformed thought. He was himself converted in England and was deeply moved by the Puritan emphasis on God as the centre of one’s whole life.

Braunschweig, Schulbuchhandlung,1794 - 1801. 8vo. Uniformly bound in six contemporary marbled paper covered cardboard bindings with gilt lettering to spine. With wear to extremities. Internally very fine and clean. VI, 192 pp.; (2), 253, (1) pp.; VI, 249, (1) pp.; (4), 254 pp.; (6), 232 pp.; (4), 276 pp. First edition of this set of Campe's publications on various travel-account retold for the youth.

London, John Bellamie, 1627 - 1626. Folio (340 x 235 mm). In contemporary full calf with six raised bands and ruled fillets to boards. With considerable wear to extremities, scratches to boards, hinges split in lower and upper compoartment, corners bumped with loss of leather. Leather on lower part of front boards partly detached. Inner hinges split. General title-page detached and with loss of paper (and one letter) in inner margin. Ex-libris (S. Philip Sydenham) pasted on to verso of front board. Blank with considerable wear and partly detached. Previous owner's name and annotations in contemporary hand to front free end-paper (Thomas Burton, 1637 (thomas Burton, MP for Westmorland). Seven parts with seperate title-pages. Internally nice and clean. (10), 172, 156, 184, 206, (2), 168, (24), (2), 189, (7), 59 pp. Rare first collected edition of Ainsworth's bible commentaries. Henry Ainsworth (1571–1622) was an English Nonconformist clergyman and scholar. He led the Ancient Church, a Brownist or English Separatist congregation in Amsterdam alongside Francis Johnson from 1597, and after their split led his own congregation. His translations of and commentaries on the Hebrew scriptures were influential for centuries.

Kjøbenhavn, Groth, 1736. 4to. In contemporary half calf with three raised bands. Binding with wear and small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. A few leaves brownspotted but internally generally nice and clean. (8), 8, 677, (48) pp. + frontispiece and 1 folded table (included in the pagination). The rare first edition of Clitau’s seminal work, being the work Danish work on Roman Law - Both in content and in timing, the work marks a turning point in Danish legal scholarship. Clitau here compared Roman and Danish law and extended his analysis to include Lübeck law, public law, feudal law, as well as German, Saxon, and natural law (ius naturae), along with criminal law. His book continued the scholarly project initiated by Weghorst and stands as the first comprehensive work of comparative law in Denmark that systematically engaged with Danish legal tradition. He argued that the Institutiones framework was the most suitable method for organizing legal knowledge. Nonetheless, he explained that he had chosen not to interpret Roman law through Danish law or vice versa. Had he taken Danish law as the foundation, he contended, substantial parts of Roman jurisprudence — such as theories of legal interpretation, legal taxonomy, and general personal rights — would have been excluded, as Danish law lacked direct equivalents. Conversely, he saw little value in including uniquely Danish legal provisions (e.g., those concerning hunting rights or the status of peasants) where no Roman parallels existed. In such cases, he remarked, he would have been limited to merely citing “the bare words of the law, which any reader can find in the Danish Law Book”—an exercise, he argued, of little scholarly use. This admission reflects not only Clitau’s ambivalence toward explicating native law, but also a broader misconception of the time—namely, the belief that the clear language of Danske Lov required no interpretation. Clitau's methodological innovation lay in his reorganization of the Corpus Juris Civilis according to the tripartite division of Personae, Res, and Actiones. He systematically arranged all legal material found in the Digest and Pandects under these headings—an approach that, as far as we know, was unprecedented. (see Björne, PATRIOTER OCH INSTITUTIONALISTER, rättsvetenskapens historia)Biblioteca Danica I, 650