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A la Haye, Thomas Johnson, 1723. 8vo. In contemporary full calf with five raised bands and gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Light wear to extremities, corner bumped and part of gilting to spine worn off. Ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Internally nice and clean. XXXVI, (4), 304, (12) pp. First French translation of Cornelius van Bynkershoek’s work “De foro legatorum”, first published in 1721, on state jurisdiction over diplomats in civil and criminal matters. Cornelius van Bynkershoek (1673-1743), Dutch jurist and legal theorist. Van Bynkershoek made significant contributions to international law. He served as president of the Supreme Court of the Dutch Republic, the Hoge Raad van Holland en Zeeland, from 1724 to 1743. His most notable contribution was in the development of the Law of the Sea. Expanding upon Hugo Grotius' concept of coastal state rights, Bynkershoek proposed that a state's control over adjacent waters should correspond to the range of its weapons, famously stating, "terrae potestas finitur ubi finitur armorum vis."

Basel, 1860. 8vo. A little later green half cloth with a recent printed paper title-label to spine. Brownspotting to some leaves. Some underlinings and maginal annotations, all in pencil. Near contemporary annotations/description pasted on to verso of dedication-leaf. (4), 576 pp. The scarce first edition of Burckhardt's main work, the groundbreaking work on the culture of the Renaissance, which helped found the historical study of this previously much overlooked era. " "The most penetrating and subtle treatise on the history of civilization", in Lord Acton's words, "a mere essay", as Burckhardt himself called it, "The Civilization of the Renaissance in Ittaly" has, for more than a century, determined the general conception of thirteenth- to fifteenth-century Italy." (PMM p. 210)This classic of Renaissance historiography is of the greatest importance to the development of the history of the Renaissance and of history of art and culture in general. More specifically, Burckhardt here establishes the fact that the Renaissance came first in developing the human individuality to the highest degree. He places the earliest signs of "the modern European Spirit" in Florence, which was a great contributing factor to the comprehension of this city as representing one of the highlights of European culture.The Swiss historian of art and culture, Jacob Chrisoph Burckhardt (1818-1897), contributed seminally to the historiography of these two fields. He is considered the discoverer of the Renaissance, and with his main work he founded the study of thirteenth- to fifteenth-century Italy and thereby the historical study of the Renaissance, the society of which he dealt with all aspects of. In general, Burckhardt's works all constitute an original historical approach to the study of art, culture, social institutions etc. As a highly respected scholar of Greek civilization, Burckhardt, with his original historiographical approach, was highly admired by Nietzsche, who also attended his lectures. The two kept in contact and corresponded frequently. Like Nietzsche, Burckhardt was a great admirer of Schopenhauer, and he greatly opposed the Hegelian interpretations of history."... as in the case of other great historians such as Gibbon, Ranke, Macaulay, no criticism of details can detract from the powerful spell which Burckhardt's book has exercised upon such widely different writers as Ruskin, Nietzsche and Gobineau, as well as upon innumerable lovers of the most magnificent period of European history." (PMM).Printing and the Mind of Man 347.

Kiøbenhavn, 1764. 4to. Senere slidt halvlæder (ca. 1850). 462 s. + 67 kobberstukne plancher (af i alt 74. Mangler; Generale kort over Sjælland, Det specielle kort af Sælland, Grundtegning af København, Prospekt af samme, Christiansborg, Trinitatis og Børsen.) Med kort over Samsø (efter Resen, 1768) Plancherne velbevarede, enkelte dog med få brune pletter og nogle med marginale revner. Enkelt planche med revne i stikket uden tab. Indvendig lettere gulnet. Originaltrykket.

Christiania, Samfundets Forlag Johan Krohn, (1831-41). Indbundet i 18 samtidige hldrbd. Rygforgyldning. Forgyldte titelfelter. Nederst på rygge er der med tape påsat en papirsetiket. Enkelte kapitæler lidt slidte. Stempel på heftetitelbladene. Hvert hefte ca. 200 pp. Med talrige litograferede kort, planer og plancher. Indvendig ren og frisk. Rækken her har alle heftetitelblade, men savner titelblade til bindene. Der foreligger 2 litograferede titelblade (i hefte 9 og 10), men uden årstal og uden hefte- eller bindbetegnelse."Det eldste av de norske militære tidsskriftene er Norsk militært tidsskrift (NMT). Forordet i det første nummeret er datert 31. desember 1830 og tidsskriftet het den gang Militairt Tidsskrift . Det ble utgitt av en Forening til udgivelse af et militairt tidsskrift opprette 4. april 1930. I 1834 ble tidsskriftet overtatt av Christiana Militaire Samfund og fra 1842 ble navnet endret til Norsk Militairt Tidsskrift."

(No place), The Association for Symbolic Logic, 1959. 8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. An excellent copy in near mint condition, in- as well as externally. Pp. (1) - 14. (The entire volume: 96 pp.). The seminal first printing of Kripke's debut article, which provided the basis for his logic and for the model theory for modal logic in general. The work constitutes the very beginning of Kripke Semantics (often called possible world semantics). Kripke's works in general are rare in fist editions. Many of them remain unpublished and are only known in privately circulated manuscripts.The American philosopher Saul A. Kripke (born 1940) is an exceedingly important logician and philosopher of language and one of the most powerful and influential thinkers of analytic and Anglo-American philosophy. He is considered the greatest living philosopher and perhaps the greatest since Wittgenstein. In 2001 he was awarded the Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy, which is considered the philosopical equivalent of the Nobel Prize.Kripke, who grew up in Omaha in a religious Jewish family, was somewhat of a prodigy child. During grammar school he got intimately acquainted with and mastered to perfection algebra, geometry and calculus, and very early on he took up philosophy, which later became his career. Still a teenager, in high school, he wrote a work that was to change the face of philosophical logic forever, namely the groundbreaking paper "A Completeness Theorem for Modal Logic", which was printed a few years later, in 1959, in the Journal of Symbolic Logic, while he was in his first year at Harvard University. This seminal debut work proposed what later came to be known as Kripke models for modal logic. The story goes that the paper earned a letter from the department of mathematics urging Kripke to apply for a job there, to which he is said to have written an answer explaining "My mother said that I should finish high school and go to college first."In 1962 he graduated from Harvard University, where he remained until 1968, first as a member of the Harvard Society of Fellows and then as a lecturer. During these years he developed the logical theories founded in the "Completeness Theorem" further and made seminal contributions to the field of logic and semantics. Kripke Semantics is a formal semantics for non-classical logic systems that Kripke began developing in his teenage years, first published something on in 1959 (the present work) and further developed in the 60'ies and. The development of Kripke Semantics was no less than a breakthrough in the making of non-classical logics, of which no model theory existed before Kripke's. With this work, Kripke laid the foundation for proving completeness theorems for modal logic, and for identifying the weakest normal modal logic, which is now named K after him.

London, Harrison and Sons, 1931. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary full blue cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Proceedings of the Royal Society", Series A, Vol. 132 & 133, 1933. A very fine and clean copy. [Dirac in Vol 133:] Pp. 61-72. [Entire volume: V(1), 703-706, 701, (1), XIV, 695, IX pp.] First printing of Dirac's seminal paper in which he predict anti-matter. "The prediction and subsequent discovery of the positron rank among the great triumphs of modern physics". (Pais, The Genius of Science). After Dirac in 1928 had published his famous relativistic wave equation for the electron, he spent the following years working on an interpretation of the negative energy solutions of the equation. In 1930 he published his hole-theory and tried to identify the holes with protons. But, as pointed out by several others, the theory required that these counter particles to the electron must have the same mass as the electron, and also would annihilate into pure energy upon colliding with the electron. In 1931 (in this article) Dirac bit the bullet and postulated: "A hole, if there is one, would be a new kind of particle, unknown to experimental physics ... We may call such a particle an anti-electron ... Theory at present is quite unable to suggest a reason why there should be any differences between electron and protons". Thus, Dirac had predicted the existance of both the positron and antiproton. "Dirac was one of the greatest theoretical physicists in the twentieth century. He is best known for his important and elegant contributions to the formulation of quantum mechanics; for his quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation, which inaugurated quantum electrodynamics; for his relativistic equation of the electron; for his "prediction" of the positron and of antimatter; and for his "large number hypothesis" in cosmology. Not only his results but also his methods influenced the way much of theoretical physics is done today, extending or improving the mathematical formalism before looking for its systematic interpretation." (DSB).In 1932 C. D. Anderson produced positrons in cloud chambers exposed to radiation. Antiprotons were observed in 1954 by E. G. Segrè and O. Chanberlain.

Paris, David l'aine, 1747. 4to. Cont. full calf, raised bands. Rebacked in old style. Inner hinges strenghtened. Corners restored. Engraved title-vignette and 1 large engraved vignette in the text. (8),XXVIII,194,138 pp. and 2 engraved folded plates (all). First 4 and last 6 leaves waterstained in margins. Occational marginal dampstaining. First edition, issued in the same year in both Paris and Berlin, but only the Paris-edition also has the Latin text, which was translated into French by d'Alembert himself.The work is highly important, as it is the first work at all in which the general use of partial differential equations in mathematical physics appeared. D'Alembert discusses the mathematical theory of vibrations of cords and hereby he was led to partial differential equations which he applied to the "Theory of Winds" and laid the base of a scientific meteorology. He rejected the conception of Edmund Halley that the general circulation of the atmosphere is significantly controlled by the distribution of solar heating, and applies a mathematical theory, based on Newton's law of gravitation, thus explaining the winds by means of the gravitational forces from the sun and moon. - D'Alembert's name survives in the mathematics of today, the "Dalabertian" for wave equation, D'alembert's paradox in hydrodynamics etc.

Amsterdam, Dommeriana, 1751 & 1752. Folio (308 x 194 mm). Uniformly bound in two contemporary half calf bindings with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spines. Extremities with wear. Boards with scratches and missing some of the marbled paper. Spines with a few small worm holes and upper compartments missing some of the leather. Title-page in red and black. Text in Greek and Latin. Internally very nice and clean. (10), 966, (2); (4), 920, (27) pp. The first Wetstein edition – and his final and greatest work. Included as an appendix is the first edition of a Syriac version of the 2 Epistles on virginity attributed to St. Clement of Rome, together with a Latin translation. Darlow & Moule 4753.

Kjøvenhavn [Copenhagen], Brummers Forlag, 1819. 8vo. In the fragile and rare original engraved paper-binding with wear and bumping to capitals and corners, but overall fine. Spine a bit soiled and some minor ink-spotting to front board. Internally some occasional brownspotting, but overall nice and clean. Half-title, engraved title-page, (being pp. 1-4), XL pp. + pp. (5) - 294 + 1 leaf errata + 9 engraved plates (numbered I-IX, though the title-page states "eight engraved plates") + 5 folded tables (in all there are 7 tables that are numbered, namely A(a-c)-E, of which Ab+c,C,D,E are folded, Aa-B are in the text and are 3/4 and almost full-page respectively. Table D has a tear, no loss).Printed on good, heavy paper. Orig. koberstukket kartonnage, hvor ryggen dog er slidt. Hjørner stødte. Kobberstukket titelblad, XL,294, pp. + 1 blad errata + talrige foldetabeller og 9 kobberstukne foldeplancher. Trykt på skrivepapir, men her og der noget brunplettet. The rare first printing of this highly important work of cryptography, which is the very first work to correctly describe Vigenère's cipher. "Lindenfels, so far as I can ascertain, is the only writer who accurately presents both the tables and the directions of Vigenère." (Charles J. Mendelsohn, 1940). The present work also constitutes the first Danish cryptographical work."All European countries have a larger or smaller collection of crytographical works in their languages, whereas we in Denmark, as far as the author is aware, do not own a single letter thereof in the mother tongue. The author has therefore endeavoured, also in a scientific sense, not to be entirely unworthy in filling out this lacuna in the national literature. Both of these purposes unite in the "pium desiderum": to enable our young officials - in particular the military - to match also in this respect those of our neighbouring nations. It is necessary in times such as ours, not to lag behind foreigners, especially in these things, if we do not wish at all hours to succumb to them." (from the "Prereminder" - translated from Danish in Franksen). "In 1918, Charles J. Mendelsohn was made a captain in the Military Intelligence Division of the General Staff of the U.S. Army, in charge of decipherment of German codes. A classic scholar and faculty member of the history department in the College of the City of New York, he was launched by his experience into a lifelong study of historical ciphers and their originators. Among other things, this research resulted in two fundamental papers on Cardano and de Vigenère, respectively... With this background in mind we are hard put to find a more authoritative source on the history of the Vigenère cipher than the article by Mendelsohn. It is therefore noteworthy to read in Mendelsohn's abstract, that "In all the literature of cipher, I know of only one writer who has correctly described Vigenère's cipher, and that was well over one hundred years ago." In the body of the article Mendelsohn, referring to "I.B. Lindenfels, Den hemmelige Skrivekonst (Copenhagen, 1819)", expands on this remark... (see first quotation above). On this authority I have often relied on Lindenfels' work for factual information in past discussions. Yet, I have withheld his story which, lying dormant in the Danish Army Archives and some contemporary bibliographical accounts, is perhaps as fascinating as the topic he describes... Its title page was engraved, so Lindenfels proudly tells us, together with nine other illustrations by a young artist, H.C. Klingsey, employed as a map-maker by the Danish navy. It reveals that Lindenfels was a major of the artillery and a teacher of the Royal Pageans (cadets training for general staff and military engineering), at the Land Cadet Academy (infantry and horse), and at the Artillery Cadet Institute... In the "prereminder", Lindenfels assures the reader that he has done everything in his power to make the book as entertaining as possible. Simultaneously, however, he emphasizes that his choice of motto "Ei blot til lyst" (not only for pleasure) on the title-page, is made on purpose (see quotation from the Prereminder above)..." (Franksen, pp. 215-17).Lindenfels does not invent or introduce an entirely new cipher, he does, however, in the present work, introduce a new practice that is to replace the simple substitution cipher or traditional nomenclature, and in fact he becomes the first to describe the seminal Vigenère cipher correctly. The work is divided into three parts, namely Simple substitution ciphers and nomenclatures; the Vigenère cipher; and a Supplement, all of about the same length. The supplement not only describes the history of ciphers and codes but also covers sign languages, both of thieves and deaf and mutes. Being the first such work in the Danish language, of course it arose some curiosity and excitement. It is evident from the subscription list that Kind Fredrik VI himself purchased 10 copies alone. For curiosity it can be mentioned that Lindenfels here mentions "the newest galvanic and electric discoveries" and "the incredible bordering progress in physics and chemistry", referring to Ørsted and inferring how Ørsted gradually worked towards his discovery of electromagnetism in 1820, about a year after Lindenfels had published his work. For a long and thorough description of the work and of Lindenfels, see:Franksen, Mr. Babbage's Secret. The Tale of a Cypher - and APL. (IBM).

Paris, Crochard, 1817 a. 1819. Bound in one contemp hcloth (vol. 7) and 1 issue without wrappers. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago.", Vol. 7 and vol. 10, Cahier 4. - 448 pp. a. 2 engraved plates (entire vol. 7 offered) + pp. 337-443 a. 2 engraved plate (entire issue offered, Cahier 4 of vol. 10 with htitle to the vol.). Dulon & Petit's papers: pp. 113-154, pp. 225-264, pp. 337-367 and Vol. X, pp. 395-413. First edition of these 4 groundbreaking papers with the first appearance in print of THE LAW OF THE CONSTANCY OF ATOMIC HEAT, i.e. the specific heat multiplied by the atomic weight. The insight had far reaching implications as it showed a new way to Dalton's atomic theory. "In 1815 Dulong's famous collaboration with the mathematical physicist Alexis Therese Petit began; it produced three importent memoirs on heat." (the papers offered here). The 2 first was awarded the price of the Academy in 1818 and was leading up to the last paper in which they formulted the "Law of the Constancy of product of atomic weight and specific heat""They (Dulang and Petit) were concerned with the specific heats of elements; but if these elements really existed as atoms, it seemed possible that there might be a connection between trhe weight of the atom and the amount of heat aquired to raise the temperature of a given weight of that element by a certain amount." (DSB). "One of his (Dulong) most importent researches was made in collaboration with Alexis Thérese Petit (1791-1820), with whom he announced the law that the product of atomic weight and specific heat is constant (1819). It rendered a distinct service in fixing atomic weights, especially when these were in question, and enabled Berzelius and later Cannizzaro to arrive at correct atomic weights and the correct number of atoms in molecules." (Leicester & Klickstein, A source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900, p. 273). Parkinson, Breakthroughs (1819).

Amsterdam, Marc-Michel Ray, 1761. 4to. Bound in one contemp. full mottled calf. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. Engraved titlevignette. XXVIII,369,(1);(2),183,(1) pp., 18 large folded engraved plates. A large clean, wide-margined, copy. Printed on good paper. Simultaneously published in Geneve and Amsterdam. - Sloos, Warfare and the Age of Printing,5054.

(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1815 and 1816). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1815 - Part I. and 1816 - Part II. Having both titlepages to the parts. Pp. (2),389-446 and (2),179-256. First titlepage with a stamp on verso. Otherwise fine and clean. First printings of Babbage's main mathematical contributions."Babbage's major Contribution to mathematics was his calculus of functions, which he became interested in as early as 1809 and continued to develop during his years at Cambridge. Babbage presents his major ideas on the subject in the above two papers, published in the "Philosophical Transactions" in 1815 and 1816. "It can be said with some assurance that no mathematician prior to Babbage had treated the calculus of functions in such systematic way...Babbage must be given full credit as the inventor of a distinct and importent branch of mathematics" (Dubbey 1978, 90). Elsewhere Dubby states that his new scheme would serve as a generalized calculus to include all problems capable of analytical formulation, and it is possible to see here a hint of the inspiration for his concept of THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE. While the work on the engines and his other scientific, social and political activities caused him virtually to abandon mathematical research at the age of thirty, the calculus of functions was the area he often yearned to continue. In fact the calculus of functions was not taken up by other workers, and it is the aspect of Babbage's mathematical work that modern mathematicians find most fascinating (Dubbey 1989, 18-19)." (Hook a. Norman No. 19).Charles Babbage, William Herschel and George Peacock founded in 1810 in Cambridge the "Analytical Society", at Trinity College in order to reform the notation and the teaching of mathematics in England, introducing Leibniz' differential notation instead of Newton's fluxions. The continental texts and papers then became accessible to English students.

1906-90. Alt indbundet samt register til bd. l-50.

Riga, bey Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, 1783 + Königsberg, Friedrich Nicolovius, 1794 + 1798. 8vo. Bound together in one slightly later full green cloth binding with gilt title to spine: Kant/ Religion/ und/ Metaphysik. A bit of wear to extremities and a bit of brownspotting throughout. But all in all a harmonious and nice "Sammelband" of three of Kant's important works. With stamp (Studentersamfundet") to front free end-paper and to all three title-pages. 1) Woodcut title-vignette, woodcut flower-and putti-headpiece on p. 3 and woodcut end-vignette (ornamentail piece with flowers). 222 pp. 2) With contemporary ownership-signature to title-page. XXVI, (4), 314, (2, -errata) pp. 3) With contemporary ownership-signature to title-page (same as previous work: v. Holmfeld"). XXX, 205 pp. The three works together constitute an excellent introduction to the full range of Kant works and are all of the utmost importance to the understanding of his philosophy:1) First edition, third issue, of Kant's masterpiece, the more popular exposition of the ideas presented in his main work "Critik der reinen Vernunft" (1781). Three variants of the first edition are known to exist, distinguishable by head- and tailpieces, and this is the third one listed in Warda, i.e. Warda 77.This work constitutes a more comprehensible exposition of the main thoughts of Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason", and it is probably one of the most frequently read and approachable of his works. After having received immense negative critique and having been misunderstood with the first edition of the "Critique of Pure Reason", Kant wrote his "Prolegomena" as a defense and explanation, and he later incorporated much of it into the second edition of the "Critique of Pure Reason"; -it is with the ideas expounded in this work that Kant becomes world-famous. "Kant's great achievement was to conclude finally the lines on which philosophical speculation had proceeded in the eighteenth century, and to open up a new and more comprehensive system of dealing with the problems of philosophy... The influence of Kant is paramount in the critical method of modern philosophy. - No other thinker has been able to hold with such firmness the balance between speculative and empirical ideas... " (PMM 226). Warda: 77. 2) The improved and enlarged second edition of Kant's seminal work, in which he develops his religion of reason and most fully accounts for his philosophy of religion.The "Religion within the Bounds of Mere Reason " originally appeared in 1793 but was enlarged and revised by Kant himself, and it appeared in the definitive second edition on 1794. It is this second edition which became the standard version of the text.The work is constituted by four essays, in which Kant accounts for relationship between the moral doctrines that he had developed in his works of moral philosophy and his understanding of religion. One of his most frequently cited conclusions is that even though morality in itself does not need religion, morality will still inevitably lead to religion."The work in which Kant offers his most extensive and systematic treatment of religion from the perspective of his critical philosophy is "Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason". In addition to its importance in the development of Kant's view of religion as discussed below, this work is notable because of the controversy over censorship that attended its publication, the reprimand then given to Kant in the name of the Prussian emperor, Friedrich Wilhelm II, and Kant's pledge not to publish on matters of religion, which he later considered abrogated upon the death of the emperor in 1797." (SEP).Warda: 145.3) First edition of the last book that Kant himself published (together with his simultaneously published lecture "Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht"), in which he defends the Faculty of Philosophy against those of Theology, Law, and Medicine, claiming that Philosophy is superior in that it is the only of them that pursues truth in stead of usefulness. Criticizing the contemporary practice at the universities, he argues that the disciplines of the humanities and sciences, which are those collected in the Faculty of Philosophy, ought to be free from censorship or any form of state control, both in teaching and research. Warda: 193

København, 1903-89. 1.-54. årg. indbundet i 20 pæne, solide hshirtbd. Rest i rene hefter. Med register til 1.-60. årgang samt 2 delregistre. (Der mangler et hefte= 4. hefte af 71. årgang (1973)).

Folio. Cont. hcalf. Richly gilt back. Back worn and first hinge detached. Corners bumped. With the General titlepage dated 1820. No seperate titles to the 2 parts. Containing 64 fine engraved views on 54 plates, printed on mounted indiapaper. The text on good paper. Textlvs. clean, plates ocassionally with some foxing, nearly all marginal. Fine steel-engravings by Frederick Nash.

Freyberg, Barthelischen Schriften, 1775-86. 4to. Bound in 6 fine uniform contemp. full calf. raised bands. Gilt spines. tome-and titlelabels with gilt lettering. Gilt borders on covers. Stamp on title-pages. 6 general titles, each with engraved vignette and parttitles. Having all 48 large folded engraved maps and plans with positions handcoloured. Clean and fine, printed on good, thick paper. First edition. The 6 parts, comprising the works which have the following separate titles: 1. Das Treffen bey Maxen..2. Der Feldzug der Kayserlich=Russischen und Königlich Preussischen Völker, im Jahre 1758...3. Der Feldzug...Im Jahre 1761, nebst Untersuchung der Feldbefestigungs=Kunst...4. Die drey Belagerungen und Londonsche Ersteigung der Festung Schweidnitz, in den Feldzügen von 1757. bis 1762..5. Der Feldzug...des Herzogs von Würtemberg und Generalleutnamts von Platen in Pommern im Jahre 1761...6. Fortsetzung der Untersuchung der Feldbefestungs=Kunst...

Lancaster, PA, 1957. The complete issue in original blue printed wrappers. A fine copy, with no tears, stamps or fading. First edition of this historic paper. The phenomenon of low-temperature superconductivity was discovered by the Dutch physicist Kamerling Onnes already in 1911. For nearly half a century this peculiar phenomenon remained a mystery. The B(ardeen)C(ooper)S(schrieffer)-theory was first announced in this issue of the Physical Review. The theory turned out to be very successful in explaining in considerable detail the properties of superconductors. The theory also predicted new effects and stimulated an intensive activity in theoretical and experimental research. In 1972 the authors shared the Nobel Prize in Physics "for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory". This was Bardeen's second Nobel Prize in Physics (1956 for the co-invention of the transistor) - until today only two scientists have received the prize twice in the same field. The importance of this paper is still today of the greatest magnitude, as it has been one of the most cited articles in the last decade.

London, Academic Press, 1964. 8vo. In the original grey printed wrappers. In "Journal of Theoretical Biology", Volume 7, Number 1, July 1964. Entire issue offered. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 1-16; Pp. 17-52. [Entire volume: 170, (2) pp.]. First printing of Hamilton's two seminal publications, perhaps the most important in evolutionary biology in the 20th century, on altruism in relation to kin selection. Hamilton is, primarily because of the present publication, widely regarded as being one of the most influential theoretical biologists of the twentieth century. "Hamilton's principal achievement was so thoroughly to revise the language of evolutionary biology that it has become nearly impossible to speak in evolutionary explanations except in terms of the self-interest of the organism or gene." (DSB)Hamilton's rule: k> 1/r, a gene causing an organism to benefit relatives at the expense of its own reproduction will be selected and increase in a population if the benefit to the "altruist" outweighs the discounted relationship, or as Hamilton himself described it: "a gene causing altruistic behavior towards brothers and sisters will be selected only if the behavior and the circumstances are generally such that the gain is more than twice the loss; for half-brothers it must be more than four times the loss; and so on. To put the matter more vividly, an animal acting on this principle would sacrifice its life if it could thereby save more than two brothers, but not for less." (DSB). Due to the complexity and advanced mathematics the paper was rejected twice until it was accepted by the reviewer's an it was not until the mid 1970ies that his theory became widely know and cited: "Hamilton wrote up the theory of inclusive fitness in two versions. One was a lengthy, fully mathematical treatment that unified understanding of a considerable body of case studies of altruistic behaviors that Hamilton drew from the scientific literature, the fruit of his graduate research. The second was a short, mostly verbal abstract of the whole, containing only the mathematical relation of Hamilton's rule and some general, theoretical remarks on its applicability. He met difficulty in publishing both. The first he submitted to the Journal of Theoretical Biology, where it spent considerable time in the reviewing process; ultimately the referee (John Maynard Smith, a mathematical biologist of similar interests) asked that it be split into two parts. After the revisions and splitting called for by the referee for the Journal of Theoretical Biology, that journal published "The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour," parts 1 and 2, in 1964. The first part of the paper contained the mathematical arguments culminating in the derivation of Hamilton's rule; its arguments were almost exclusively cast in the language and methodology of modern population genetics. The second part hearkened back in its methodology to Darwin's, as Hamilton used the theory of inclusive fitness to explain a diverse array of social traits recorded in the biological literature, including alarm calling, mutual grooming, the fusion of colony organisms, and postreproductive behavior in cryptic (camouflaged) moth species compared with that of aposematic species (bad-tasting with vivid warning colors). In each case, Hamilton argued that his theory of inclusive fitness could coherently explain the evolution of phenomena that had been disparate in the literature as aspects of a single principle at work, Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection, mandating the maximization of favorable genes under selection.Hamilton's influence began to grow among evolutionary biologists as the few who had read and understood the import of his papers worked to bring him from his initial scientific and social isolation into the networks of scientists interested in evolution and behavior. Wilson, for example, invited Hamilton to lecture at Harvard University in 1969, en route to a Smithsonian Institution conference on "Man and Beast" that brought together specialists from various fields to discuss the impact of recent biological work on understandings of human nature"From about 1974, citations of Hamilton's 1964 papers in the scientific literature began an exponential rise, reaching some four thousand total in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science database by 2007, making "The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour" the most-cited paper ever published in the Journal of Theoretical Biology. Hamilton's principal achievement was so thoroughly to revise the language of evolutionary biology that it has become nearly impossible to speak in evolutionary explanations except in terms of the self-interest of the organism or gene." (DSB)

Franckfurt und Leipzig, Hoffmännischen Buchladen in Nürnberg, 1712 (+) Nürnberg, Conrad Monath, 1717. 4to. In contemporary full vellum with title in contemporary hand to spine. A few dots and mark to extremities and a few annotation to pasted down front end-paper. A very nice copy. (12), 394 pp. + frontispiece and 28 plates; (8), 48 pp. + 11 plates. First German edition of, according to historian of science David M. Knight, "the most famous book devoted to instruments". The work is one of the best of that time on scientific instruments, including the compass of proportion, surveying and astronomical instruments, etc. The short work bound withbound is “written by Doppelmayr and illustrates a number of instruments, which, although claiming to be from Bion’s workshop, do not appear in any of Bion’s French editions. The most inventive are optical-binocular and reflecting telescopes”. (Erwin Tomash). The present work was translated from the French original edition, published in 1709, by J. G. Doppelmayr. Erwin Tomash B161 & B162.

Breslau, Johann Jacob Korn, 1748-51. Large 8vo. Uncut in mounted orig. marbled wrappers, all 6 volumes later clotbacked. Wear to wrappers. Stamps on titlepages. Ca. 5000 pp. (each vol. separately paginated). Textillustrations and 104 engraved plates, some folding.Title-pages browned and brownspotted. Some browning and brownspots throughout. Scarce first German translation of the pysical memoirs from the "Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences", containing many importent papers by the leading French scientists: Amontons, Cassini, Bernoulli, Homberg, Lemery, la Hire, Reaumur, Tournefort, Maraldi, Delisle etc. etc.Of special importence are GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ: "Erklärung der Arithmetica binaria, die sich nur der Charakteren 0 und I bedienet, nebst Anmerkungen von ihrem Nutzen und dem verstande, den sie den alten chinesischen Figuren des Fohi giebt.", pp. 88-93 (Bd. II). Leibniz' BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM, first published 1703. And JACOB (JACQUES) CASSINI "Abhandlung von der Grösse und Figur der Erde", pp. 431-756 and 14 engraved plates and maps.Poggendorff II, 1000

Paris, 1950-92. Vols. 1950-61 in boards, rest in parts.

Maestricht, J.E. Dufour & Ph. Roux, 1776-80. Folio. (40,5x27 cm.). 2 contemp. full calf. with raised bands. Tome-and titlelabels in leather on back. Upper and lower compartments of both backs repaired. Slightly rubbed. (4),26,954;(4),284 pp. and 2 folded tables (in Supplement). Margin on htitle repaired. Upper margins of text in vol. 2 faintly dampstained. Second edition of this extensive encyclopedia of the Islamic world, Herbelot's great work, which is based on the immense Arabic bibliography (Kashf al-Zunun), but it also contains a vast number of other Turkish and Arabic compilations and manuscripts. - "Ce savant ouvrage se trouve aujourd'hui fort arriéré; mais , comme aucun autre ne le remplace, il est toujours très-recherché." (Brunet II:664). - Graesse II:376.

London, 1844. All three volumes in the orig. burgundy full cloth w. gilt lettering to spines and blindstamped boards. Capitals and corners a bit bumped and spines a bit crooked. Internally very nice and clean. W. 8 pp. of advertisements in vol. one and 14 pp. of advertisements in vol. three. First edition of Lady Georgiana's first novel, one of her main works, inscribed on half-title of each volume: "Sophy Consulonieri/ from Lady Georgiana."Lady Georgiana Charlotte Fullerton (1812-1885) was a hugely succesful English novelist, whose great novels played an important rôle in disseminating the main controversies of religious debate to the novel-reading public. This, her first novel, was written while she was still a practising Anglican. The work focuses on the issue of confession, and it was very well received. In "The English Review", Mr. Gladstone said of it: "the least didactic and the most instructive" of religious novels. Two years after the appearnce of the novel, Lady Georgiana converted to Roman Catholocism.

Kbhvn., 1835-45. Stor Tvær-8vo. Indbundet i 9 samt ensartede hldrbd. med rig rygforgyldning. Rygge lidt slidte, permer med brugsspor. Indeholder alle 419 stålstukne plancher med beskrivende tekst. her og der, som altid, med lidt brunpletter og enkelte skjolder. Plancherne gennemgående i god stand. Komplet sæt af den danske udgave med Oehlenschlägers tekstoversættelse.