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Basel, (Iohnnes Oporinus, 1548 - on colophon). 8vo. Contemporary full limp vellum. A bit of soiling and light brownspotting to title-page, otherwise very nice and clean. The printer's name has been removed from the colophon, causing two small holes, which have been neatly repaired from verso. Two small holes corresonding to these to the second-last leaf, causing loss of a couple of letters. All in all a very nice copy. Woodcut initials. (16), 297, (6 - Life of Aristotle) pp. The scarce first edition of leading French Humanist Catholic Gentian Hervet's important translation of Alexander's hugely influential "Quaestiones", presumably with this fourth part (which is not the "De Fato" as in other Renaissance editions) for the first time in print. Hervet's edition of Alexander's "Questiones" came to have a profound influence on the development of Renaissance Aristotelianism. The "Questiones" had appeared earlier, e.g. in 1541, and were by no means unknown to Renaissance thinkers at the time, but Hervet was an authority of a certain character, which meant that his edition was both read in a certain light and preferred by a great deal of thinkers. Furthermore, it seems that the 4th part, being 30 answers to the traditional 69 questions, here appears for the first time in print, making this a very important edition. In addition to the first three parts, it became customary to add a fourth part to Alexander's "Questiones", but that traditional fourth part was his "De Fato", and not as here the 30 solutions. It is worth noting that Hervet had in fact already translated Alexander's "De Fato", which he published in 1544. Alexander's, also known as simply as "The Commentator", impact upon the development of philosophy can hardly be overestimated, and his various "Problems and Questions", all aimed at establishing the views of Aristotle, came to influence all reading of Aristotle in the Renaissance. "He was read in the classroom of Plotinus, who probably drew on him to a greater extent than we will ever be able to tell; and when later Platonists show themselves critical of Aristotle's arguments, they can often be shown to attack Alexander's interpretation of Aristotle rather than Aristotle himself. The physician Galen, whose logic, epistemology and physics bear a distinctive Peripatetic stamp, chose to disagree with Alexander on, for instance, issues of dynamics and psychology." (p. 244).Although his "Questions" were aimed at understanding the views of Aristotle, he established the views of the Stagirite in a version updated to take account of Stoic and other alternatives, as the best and most defensible current (i.e. 2nd-3rd cent.) ideas on their subjects. "For Alexander, the inspired genius of Aristotle's writings was a sufficient basis, if they were properly interpreted, explicated, and fleshed out, to resolve with complete satisfaction all the questions debated among philosophers of varying schools in his own time." (Cambr. Comp.). In his seminal "Questiones", he quarrelled with both Platonism and Stoicism in his attempts to develop Peripatetic answers to questions Aristotle had not dealt with in any detail.It is a curious but generally accepted conception that with the rise of the Renaissance came the fall of Aristotle. Weather this is actually true can be disputed, but it is a fact that with the recovery of many lost works of ancient literature, the widening of the range of classical studies and the renewed interest in Plato, Aristotle was no longer the sole authority on a huge number of fields. That this should mean a total ignorance of the teachings of Aristotle must be considered somewhat of a myth (though a very frequently repeated one), and in fact with the grand humanists of the late 15th and early 16th century, the study of Aristotle fits perfectly with the broader comprehension of scholarship. The great humanists like Ficino, Pico and Pomponazzi had not forgotten about Aristotle, and the revival of learning did not mean the neglect of the prince of philosophers. On the contrary, with the appreciation of the knowledge of Greek and the invention of the printing, works were being translated and printed like never before, which meant that the greatest of the humanists, many of whom did not themselves know Greek, could be acquainted with the Greek texts of Aristotle and the Greek commentaries of "The Commentator", Alexander of Aphrodisias, in Latin translation. "Equally important for the continued growth of the Peripatetic synthesis was the recovery and diffusion of the Greek commentaries on Aristotle. These treatises, about ten times longer than the works they discuss, were written by pagans and Christians, Platonists and Peripatetics in late antiquity, between the second and seventh centuries in the Greek world of the Eastern Mediterranean, and then again in twelfth-century Byzantium. The most important of the two dozen commentators were Alexander of Aphrodisias, Ammonius, Simplicius, Themistius and John Philoponus. Of these five, only Alexander and Themistius were Aristotelians..." (Copenhaver & Schmitt, p. 68).One of the most important of these Renaissance Humanists, who with his translations helped spread the knowledge and understanding of Aristotle and his commentators, was Gentian Hervet, who came to play a dominant role in the course of 16th century thought. "Gentian Hervet (d. 1584) was a committed churchman, who after studies in the universities of Orleans and Paris lived in the household of Reginald Pole, later to become Archbishop of Canterbury and Cardinal, at first in England then - as Pole had, because of the Reformation, to leave England - in Padua, Venice and Rome. Hervet took part with Marcello Cervini (later Pope Marcellus II) in the first sessions of the Council of Trent. He returned to France in 1555 as vicar general to the bishop of Noyon and wrote pamphlets against the Huguenots. In 1561 he entered the service of the Cardinal of Lorraine, Charles de Guise, whom he accompanied to the third period of the Council of Trent (1562-3). In 1564 he took part as canon of the cathedral in the provincial council of Rheims, in which the cardinal published the decrees of the Council of Trent. About the time of his activity in the Council of Trent the focal point of Hervet's translations shifted. He translated not only the Greek Fathers of the Church, but in addition, under the influence of academic scepticism as represented also by Reginal Pole, Sextus Empiricus' "Adversus Mathematicos" (Paris, 1569). He had long been active as translator of works connected with the Aristotelian philosophy. During an earlier sojurn in Rome, he published a number of philosophical texts which concerned the controversies surrounding Pietro Pomponazzi. In 1544 he translated into Latin Aristotle's "De anima", together with the commentary of Johannes Philoponus. There followed translations of Alexander of Aphrodisias's "De fato" (1544) and "Quaestiones naturales et morales" (1548) and of Zacharias Scholasticus's "Ammonius: Dialogus quod mundus non sit Deo coaeternus" (1546). In these works Hervet described those who denied the immortality of the soul as atheists and as opponents of Aristotle and his commentators." (Lohr, p. 36). "Since the Renaissance had to discover or rediscover the tools of philology and history needed for such detective work, the pioneering labours of obscure humanist scholars - Gentian Hervet, who translated sextus, or William Canter, who first published a Greek text of the "Eclogae" of Stobaeus - certainly deserve our memory and admiration. It was they who first edited, organized, translated, printed, and disseminated the philosophical remains of antiquity that succeeding centuries have come to take for granted. If Thales and his successors were the fathers of Western philosophy, the humanist scholars of the Renaissance were the midwives of its rebirth in a classical form." (Copenhaver & Schmitt, p. 18). Adams A:678; Graesse: I:69.

Köbenhavn [Copenhagen], Einar Munksgaard, 1948. Royal8vo. Bound with the original front wrapper in a nice contempoaray half cloth with gil lettering to spine. In "Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica", Vol. 4. Entire volume offered. A very fine and clean copy, near mint. Pp. 285-96. [Entire volume: (2), X, 400, (2), 189 pp.]. First printing of Hald's seminal paper in which he first introduced antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism. Antabuse (also known as disulfiram) was the first drug to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of alcohol dependence. Today it is the most widely used drug to prevent alcoholism and it is estimated that some 120,000 persons throughout the world take antabuse each year."In 1945 Danish researchers observed that the substance caused very unpleasant physiological effects in persons who had consumed alcohol. A few years later this chance observation was turned into a profitable production of pills used to combat alcoholism (antabuse = anti-abuse)." (Kragh, From Disulfiram to Antabuse: the Invention of a Drug). The discovery of Antabuse was essentially an accident since it was intended to provide a remedy for parasitic infestations: "Copenhagen's Dr. Erik Jacobsen, 45, likes to try out new drugs on himself before giving them to his patients. One night before going to a dinner party he swallowed a couple of pills made of tetraethylthiuram- disulfide; they were supposed to be good for intestinal worms. To his surprise, Dr. Jacobsen found that any form of alcohol revolted him. When he sipped even a small glass of beer, his face got red, his heart started to pound, and he had trouble getting his breath." (Time, December 6, 1948)"Antabuse [trade name for disulfiram], a chemical which prevents the body from fully processing alcohol. It does this by blocking the action of aldehyde dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of ethanol, and thereby causing a build-up of the toxic by-product acetaldehyde, with extremely unpleasant consequences for patients. People with active disulfiram in their bodies experience flushing, nausea and high blood pressure soon after drinking." (Raikhel, Images from the history of disulfiram treatment) "The most important journal for the dissemination of knowledge concerning the actions of antabuse in the organism was the Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica, an international journal founded in 1945 and edited by Scandinavian scientists. The fact that it was published in Copenhagen and that Jacobsen was among the editors made it an ideal journal for publishing new research related to antabuse. For example, Vol. 4 of 1948 included two substantial papers by Hald and Jacobsen on the formation and action of acetaldehyde; and their collaborator Erik Rasmussen, a pharmacologist associated with Medicinalco, reported his investigations of the action of the antabuse-alcohol reaction on the blood circulation and respiration. (Kragh, From Disulfiram to Antabuse: the Invention of a Drug). Garrison & Morton no. 2091.

London, Printed for W.B. and J. Churchill, 1706. 8vo. Nice contemporary brown full calf, very neatly rebacked. Title-page and second leaf strengthened at fore-margin. A bit of brownspotting to last quire, otherwise very nice. (4), 336 pp. First edition of this influential collection of Locke's posthumous works, in which we find the first printing of his highly important "On the Conduct of Understanding" (takes up the larger part of the volume, namely pp. (1) - 137), which he himself considered of the utmost importance. He had actually intended it to be the final and largest chapter of his "Essay", his seminal magnum opus which constitutes "the first modern attempt to analyze [human knowledge]" (PMM 164), but he did not completely finish it before his death (1704) and it thus didn't make it into the fourth edition of the "Essay", where Locke had planned to make it the greatest part and the concluding chapter. "In 1697, Locke had written to Molyneux: "I have lately got a little leisure to think of some additions to my book [the Essay], against the next edition, and within these few days have fallen upon a subject that I know not how far it will lead me. I have written several pages on it, but the matter, the farther I go, opens the more upon me, and I cannot yet get sight of any end of it. The title of the chapter will be Of the Conduct of the Understanding, which, if I shall pursue, as far as I imagine it will reach, and as it deserves, will, I conclude, make the largest chapter of my Essay." [Locke #847, vol. 6:87] The new chapter was intended as a new final chapter to be added to the 4th edition (1700) [Locke #231], but Locke did not complete it. It was published in 1706 by King and Collins and has often been reprinted, independently, with other works by Locke or with Bacon's Essays." (Attig, Locke Bibliography, Pennsylvania State University).Before his death, Locke had left instructions for his literary executors, Anthony Collins and Peter King. These instructions mentioned four works which did not see publication in his life-time, but which he felt deserved publication, among these were "On the Conduct of the understanding," "Seeing all things in God," and "A Discourse on Miracles", which were all published for the first time in the present collection of "Posthumous Works". As will be seen from the title-page, the collection also contained the unfinished "Fourth letter for toleration", some notes for a biography of the first Earl of Shaftesbury, and an English translation of "Méthode nouvelle de dresser un recueil". All these posthumous works were included in the collected edition of Locke's "Works" from 1714 as well as in all subsequent editions. The work of the greatest consequence included in this collection is no doubt "Of the Conduct of Understanding" which takes up more than a third of the volume. It became one of Locke's most read and popular works; during the 18th century alone, it was printed no less than 8 times and is now, as it were, considered a most important part of Locke's writings and an essential part of all collections of Locke's works. It was first published separately in 1754.

Cambridge, 1880. 4to, entire issue present (Vol. III, no. 1). With the original printed wrappers. Uncut. Wrappers detached and with tears and loss to extremities. Backtrip gone. Stitching a bit loose. Internally nice and clean. Pp. (15)-57. [Entire issue 96 pp. + 2 plates] The scarce first printing of Peirce's important paper "On the Algebra of Logic", in which he broke with the Aristotelian semantics of classes and introduced modern semantics, allowing a class symbol to be empty (as well as to be the universe), and stated the truth values of the categorical propositions that we use today."This article holds a place of some importance in the history of formal logic and mathematics. In what is published here from the first chapter Peirce discusses that relationship between thinking and cerebration (or logic and physiology)." (The Essential Peirce: 1867-1893 v. 1: Selected Philosophical Writings, Indiana University Press, 1992, 200 pp.

Frankfurt, G. Schönwetter, 1652. Folio (335 x 203 mm). Three volumes bound in one contemporary full vellum bindings with title in contemporary hand to spine. Binding with some miscolouring and a bit of wear. Title-page with a few dots and light soiling, otherwise a fine and clean copy. 141, (7), (4), 183, (7), 176, (3) pp. 151 engraved plates included in the pagination. Pp. 171-172 in vol. 2 copied in contemporary hand. Later edition of Typot’s famous and beautifully illustrated work on emblems. The designs of the emblems were compiled by Ottavio Strada, antiquarian to Emperor Rudolf III, and were reproduced by the engraver Aegidius Sadeler - Typot wrote the Latin commentaries. The extensive work covers a broad array of subjects such as popes, emperors, kings and The Santa Eucharista.

Kbh., 1843-45. Et nydeligt samtidigt hshirtbd. m. stregforgyldn. på ryg. Brunplettet. M. alle deltitelblade samt det fælles titelbl. (4), 52, 62, 84, 59, 70, 111 pp.Nice contemporary half cloth with single gilt lines to spine. Fully complete with all half titles and the joint title-page. Originaludgave. Himmelstrup 85.First edition of Kierkegaard's important eighteen upbuilding discourses, which comprise his two, three, and four upbuilding discourses from the years 1843-45, with the joint title-page of all eighteen. The work constitutes Kierkegaard's religious works, which supplement his theological and philosophical ones.The first upbuilding discourses were published the same year as Either-Or, and it is interesting to note that in opposition to his major philosophical works, the religious upbuilding discourses actually bear the name of the author on the title-page, - a fact that was by no means incidental. While the pseudonymous works could make one doubt the religiousness of the author, the parallelly written religious discourses stress the fact that we are dealing with an author, who was religious from the very beginning, -a fact that Kierkegaard also wished to establish himself; in his journals he clearly states that the religious discourses bear as much significance for his work as a whole as do the larger pseudonymous works, "I began with "Either-Or" and two upbuilding discourses..." he says, and explains that he intended the upbuilding, the religious, to advance, and that he wanted to show "that the writer was not an esthetic author who in the course of time grew older and for that reason became religious" (Journals, IX A 227).The importance of the upbuilding discourses and the close relationship they have with the major works and Kierkegaard's philosophical development also becomes evident with the fact that every pseudonymous work was accompanied by a little collection of "upbuilding discourses" until "Concluding Postscript" appeared.Himmelstrup 85.

Wien, 1808. Folio. Contemporary boards. Corners bumped and hinges slightly worn. St.o.t. Internally clean and on good paper. (4),169 pp. and 25 mostly double-page engr. maps a.plans, all handcoloured.

HIldesburghausen, 1858-61. Lex8vo. 10 hcloth, without titles on backs. A few plates loose, sometimes slightly brownspotted. With 1o engr. titles and 412 fine steel-engr.plates.

Hamburg, Jacob Wolff, 1592. - Hamburg, Jacob Wolff, 1591. 4to. Samtidigt helpergamentsbd. Kalligraferet rygtitel. På forpermen er trykt P B H og nederst 1603. Bindet er helt intakt, men lidt snavset. Spor efter lukkestroppe. De Holsatia: Titlen trykt i rødt og sort. 88 (sidste blankt) blade. af (93 ?), 2 helsides træstukne portrætter og 107 adelige våben, alle i træsnit og nogle helsides. - Commentarii Rerum: (16),168,(13) pp., kobberstukket portræt på verso af titelbladet, Rantzaus træstukne våben og 3 træstukne tekstillustrationer. Nogle samtidige understregninger i teksten. Svag skjold i nogle få marginer, få spredte brunpletter. Lettere brunet p.g.a. papirkvaliteten. Her foreligger to yderst sjældne genealogiske værker. Den første (De Holsatia, 1592) beskriver den Holstenske adelsgenealogi og er forsynet med 107 gengivelser af disse slægters våbenskjolde. Eksemplarerne i flere tyske biblioteker anfører bladantallet til 88 (således eksemplaret i Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin). Nogle få andre anfører 93 blade. - Bibl. Danica III:936 - Ikke i Adams.Lindebergs værk er en forherligelse af Rantzau-slægten og Henrik Rantzau, som af Fr. II blev udnævnt til statholder i Schleswig og Holsten. Lindeberg var understøttet af Ranzau og han har givetvist samarbejdet med Rantzau ved dennes udgivelser. Adams L 730. - Ikke i Bibl.Danica.

Washington, Jno. T. Towers, 1851. 4to. In publishers original full pictoral green cloth. Front and back board with embossed title and ornamentation, showing an eagle holding a banner and anchor beneath whom Columbia sits holding the shield of California with a bear asleep at her feet. Front board in gold. Lower front board with gilt stamp. Stamp to front free end-paper and title-page. Light wear to extremities and internally with light occassional miscolouring. 44. pp. + 11 lithographic plates including frontispiece and 6 folding maps. Rare first edition of Commander Ringgold's charts, views, and sailing directions, for the entrance to San Francisco Bay and the inland waterways; the most accurate charts up until that time of the areas covered.According to his introduction, Ringgold was persuaded by the citizens of San Francisco to undertake the task of accurately surveying the seaward approaches to the coast and the interior because of the vast amount of ship traffic that the area endured because of the Gold Rush and because, more ominously, of the "thousands of human beings...anxiously flocking thither, often in open boats, ill suited to the exposed navigation leading to the interior" (p. [5]). The survey began in August 1849, with Ringgold commanding the chartered brig Colonel Fremont. His surveys resulted in the present publication in 1851 which quickly became exceedingly popular. It was published in a total of five editions in 1851-52.A 12mo-edition with text only was published prior to this publication, but this is the first edition to include the maps and charts (and the important comments to these) which essentially made this the most important and used survey of the San Francisco Bay area in the 1850ies. Sabin 71425 (Sabin only calls for 8 plates).

Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1898. Contemp. hcloth, A small nick to boards on frontcover. Light wear to spine ends. Gilt lettering to spine. A stamp to verso of title-page. In Annalen der Physik und Chemie, Neue Folge, Band 64. VIII,(2),812 a. 2 plates. Röntgen's papers: 1. pp. 1-11, pp. 12-17 a. pp. 18-37. Internally clean and fine. First full exposition of Röntgen's discovery of X-rays, the foundation stones of roentgenology, unveiling a new form of matter and offering a new revolutionary method for medical diagnosis.In order to ensure priority for his discovery, Röntgen first published the two first papers (Erste-Zweite Mittheilung) as offprints from "Sitzungsberichte der Physikalisch-medicinischen Gesellschaft zu Würtzburg" in 1895-96, but his discovery only finds its full form in the offered papers, as "Dritte Mittheilung" appears here."Aside from its obvious applications, Roentgen's discovery galvanized the world of physics and led to a rash of further discoveries that so completely overturned the old concepts of the science, that the discovery of X-rays is sometimes considered the first stroke of the Second Scientific Revolution. (The First Scientific Revolution is, of course that which included Galileo and his experiments on falling bodies). Within a matter of months, investigations of X rays led to the discovery of radioactivity by Becquerel....The importence of the discovery was well recognized in its own time. In 1896 Roentgen shared the Rumford Medal with Lenard and in 1901, when Nobel Prizes were set up.the first to be honoured with a Nobel Prize in Physics was Roentgen." (Asimov).Garrison & Morton No 2683 (only listing 1. paper) - PMM No 380 (listing only 2 parts) - Dibner: 162 (listing only 2 parts).

(Vinegia), 1538. Colophon: In Vinegia Nicolo d'Aristotile detto Zoppino M.D.XXXVIII. Small8vo. Fine full vellum with handwritten title on back (ca. 1850). Woodcut portrait of Ariosto on title copied after the woodcut to the edition of "Orlando Furioso" from 1532, which was done after Tizian by F. de Nanto. Ff. 32 (=64 pp.). Good margins, fine and clean. Extremely scarce early edition (first published 1532) of the Seven Satires, modeled after the Sermons (satires) of Horats by the "Divino Lodovico". - Not in Adams (the earliest edition here is from 1545 ?).

Hannover, Helwingschen Hofbuchhandlung, 1804-14. Bound in 3 nice cont. hcalf. Spines richly gilt, titlelabels with gilt lettering. Stamp on titlepages. XXIV,397,XX,608,XXIV,403 pp., 234 partly folded Tables and 37 folded engraved plates. First edition.

London, Jacques Dixwell, 1781. 4to. Fine contemp. full mottled calf. Richly gilt spine, titlelabel with gilt lettering. Gilt borders on covers. Engraved English title as frontispiece. (4),XVII,(2),371,(20) pp., 20 fine engraved and handcoloured plates and 2 large folded uncoloured engraved plates. English and French text in two columns. Fine and clean with protective tissue guards. On good paper. First edition. - Nissen ZBI, 220.

İstanbul, Matbaa-i Ebuzziya, 1301 [1884]. 8vo (180 x 120 mm). Uncut, unopened. Unbound without wrappers as issued. Turkish in Arabic script. 11 loose stapled gatherings, as issued. Extremities with soiling and first leaf missing lower 5 mm, far from affecting text. Last leaf detached. Internally clean. A good copy of a very fragile publication. 176 pp. Extremely rare first Turkish translation Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice - The first work by Shakespeare, translated directly from English, to be published in Turkey, one of the very first translations of any English literature into Turkish. As Ottoman power was waning, some sultans developed a passion for Shakespeare. Sultan Abdülhamid II, who ruled about 34 years and earned fame as a despot, was a theatre buff with an intense interest in Shakespeare's tragedies and comedies. It was rumored in the late 19th century that when The Merchant of Venice was presented at the special exclusive palace theatre in ?stanbul, and Shylock began to sharpen his knife to take his revenge, the Sultan became apprehensive, actually so scared that he ran out screaming and caused the play to come to an abrupt end. The Sultan later reportedly said: "Abandon such frightening scenes; instead, present performances that will make us laugh". "The young translator, while adhering to the original, added the translator's notes to explain to the Turkish reader certain cultural features of the text [8, p. 43]. The translator himself remarked that, despite having a good command of the English language due to the specifics of Shakespeare's style, he sometimes needed to refer to French translations of the work to clarify certain points. Some translation tricks that Hasan Sirri resorted to at the time were interesting and justified. In most Shakespearean replicas with the word Jew he replaced the name of the hero - Shylock, probably in order to bypass possible conflicting moments [8, p. 45]. After all, Hasan Sirri himself occupied the position of a civil servant at the time of the translation and, given the national diversity of the Ottoman state at that time, his decision to "avoid sharp corners" was correct. Reading the translation of Hasan Sirri, it is also interesting to observe its accuracy in relation to the Turkish cultural heritage" (Prushkovska1, TURKISH TRANSLATIONS OF SHAKESPEARE'S WORKS) Kitabhane-i Ebüzziya was a series published by the Turkish publisher Ebüzziya Mehmet Tevfik Bey in order to present classical and contemporary literature to a wider Turkish speaking audience.

Dresden et Leipzig, Frederik Hekelius, 1734. Folio. Contemp. full mottled calf. Upper half of spine rebacked. Raised bands. Lower part of spine gilt. A crack to leather at lower part of fronthinge, cover not loose. Engraved portrait. (16),452 pp. and 28 engraved plates on 26 sheets. A dampstain in upper part of inner margins throughout, otherwise clean and wide-margined. The plates with some browning. Scarce first edition of Swedenborg's main scientific work. The volume also form part one of his "Opera Philosophica et Mineralia"."In his Principia rerum naturalium (Leipzig, 1734), probably conceived as a counterpart to Newton’s Principia, he sought a comprehensive physical explanation of the world based on mathematical and mechanical principles. While remaining faithful to the general principles of Cartesian natural philosophy, which he had learned while studying at Uppsala, Swedenborg elaborated upon them. According to his cosmogony the physical reality has developed from the mathematical point, which was an entity between infinite and finite. Through a vortical movement implanted on the point, a series of material particles developed (the "first finiata, "the second finita",and so on) that eventually led to the cosmos in its present state. In contrast to Descartes, Swedenborg believed that the planets had developed from the chaotic solar mass through expansion of its surrounding shell, which finally joined to form a belt along the equatorial plane of the sun. It then exploded, forming the planets and the satellites. Although the basic construction of Swedenborg’s thought heralded the later planetary theories of Buffon, Kant, and Laplace, there is nothing to indicate that it exerted any direct influence on posterity." (DSB).In 1738, Swedenborg's magnum opus was placed on the "Index Librorum Prohibitorum".

London, N. Gibson, 1756. 8vo. Contemp. full calf. Raised bands. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. Blindtooling to covers. A neath repair at upper compartment. Spine slightly rubbed. VIII,476,(4) pp. A very faint dampstain to lower right corners. A few scattered brownspots. Printed on good paper. Very scarce first edition in English, a translation of the relevant part of Chr. V's Danske Lov (1683) relating to the Danish West Indies. All laws and regulations on St. Thomas, St. Croix and St. John were based on this lawcomplex in the period of the Danish possession of these islands.Sabin No 18501.

Berlin, August Hirschwald, 1895. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In: "Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirugie, Vierundzwanzigster Congress abgehalten zu Berlin, 17. - 20. April 1895". A few occassional underlignings i margin, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 211-217. [Entire volume:] XXXIII, (3), 171, (3), 767 pp + 7 folded coloured plates. First edition of Czerny's landmark paper containing the very first account of a breast augmentation, or breast enhancement surgery, by moving a patient's benign fat-based tumor, known as a lipoma, into the breast to correct asymmetry - a surgery which earned him the title of being "The Father of Plastic Surgery'. "Czerny's patient was a forty-one-year-old singer who reported swelling and pain in her left breast, which had prompted her to seek medical attention. Czerny discovered that a tumor was causing the symptoms in her breast, which he had attributed to a constant, lingering infection of the breast tissue. After repeated consultations with Czerny and another surgeon, the woman agreed to the removal of her left breast. However, because the singer had very large breasts, the removal of one would result in significant asymmetry of her body. Upon further examination, Czerny discovered that the woman also had a fist sized growth on the right side of her lower back. During the operation, Czerny removed both the tumor in the woman's breast and the tumor on her back, and then used tissue from the tumor on her back to reconstruct her left breast. Half a year later, the woman still had tenderness around the operation site on her breast. By December 1894, about one year later, the patient had reported no more tenderness in her breast, and while her reconstructed breast was well-formed, she did note it was slightly smaller and firmer than her right breast. Czerny published his results in 1895." (Zheng, Vincenz Czerny) "He has been called the "Father of Plastic Surgery" for performing the first breast reconstruction. In this work, Czerny discusses the removal of a lipoma (benign fat cell tumor) and transferring it to a woman who had previously undergone a mastectomy. Czerny realized that personal appearance, not just organ reconstruction, was important in motivating a surgeon to operate upon a patient. This is a basic tenet still held and practiced today" (Grolier, The History of Plastic Surgery, no. 55).

Paris, Michel Lévy Frères, 1863. 8vo. Orig. green hcloth w. gilt spine. Upper back hinge cracked and spine a bit crooked. Corners a bit bumped. A very nice copy w. only occasional minor brownspotting. Old owner's inscription to title-page. W. half-title ("Histoire des Origines du Christianisme. Livre premier"). (4), LIX, (1), 462, (2) pp. True first edition of this seminal classic on the life of Jesus, which caused an immediate scandal when it appeared. Renan's masterpiece, which constitutes the first attempt to write a biography of Jesus the man and strongly puts forth the notion that the Bible too can be subject to historical investigation and critical scrutiny. The work enraged the Roman Catholic Church but was an immediate success in most of Europe. "In six months sixty thousand copies of the French edition had been sold and edition succeeded edition. Renan regarded the book as the first of a series on the "Origins of Christianity", which he continued with "The Apostles" (1866), "Saint Paul" (1869), "The Anti-Christ" (1873), "The Gospels" (1877), "The Christian Church" (1879) and "Marcus Aurelius" (1881) but none of these emulated the success of the "Life of Jesus"... Immediate success was partly a "succès de scandale" but this would not have kept the book alive. It is Renan's approach to the subject and his beautiful prose that gave it lasting eminence." (PMM 352). This groundbreaking work analyses the personality of the man Jesus, -a figure created by Renan out of his mind, but based on historical sources. "It is a pastoral idyll with the central figure a gentle, albeit oracular visionary, his power to work miracles a part of his unique personality -the son of man, but not the Son of God... In this great work it seems clear that the audience he has found was the one he sought: the general reading public rather than the limited coterie of scholars; and there is no doubt of the fact or the degree of his success." (PMM 352). "C'est le livre plus célèbre d'Ernest Renan (1823-1892) et le premier volume de l'Hisoire des origines du Christianisme"... on peut considérer cette "Vie de Jésus" comme une oeuvre de vulgarisation: l'auteur cherche à déterminer ce qui, au point de vue "scientifique", est de créance dans la vie du Nazaréen?" (Laffont-Bompiani IV:681). Apart from causing a world-wide scandal, the work was also a world-wide success, and no matter how many harsh words can be said about the historical and religious contents of the work, there is no doubt about the fact that it influenced the destiny of Catholicism decisively and that it is a masterpiece of 19th century French literature. It is very elegantly written and is renowned for its description of the historical setting, charming descriptions of sceneries, its penetrating psychological analysis and its overall style and class. "Il faut ajouter que la "Vie de Jésus" compte au nombre des livres les mieux écrits de son temps; le charme de la peinture des paysages, le pittoresque géneralement exact des évocations historiques, l'analyse pénétrante de l'âme des personnages, des seductions du style enfin, n'ont pas été pour rien dans le succès universel de cette oeuvre." (Laffont-Bompiani IV:681). Ernest Renan (1823-1892) was a French philologist, philosopher and historian. His father died when he was aged five, and his mother wanted him to become a priest. Until he was about 16 years old, he was trained by the Church, but due to his investigative and truth-seeking nature as well as his studies (e.g. Hebrew), he was in doubt as to the historical truth of the Scriptures, and with the help of his sister he chose his own path in life. "He studied intensively the languages of the Bible and filled a number of minor academic positions, frequently encountering difficulties because of the heterodoxy and outspokenness of his religious opinions." (Printing and the Mind of Man 352). In 1840 he began studying philosophy and later philology, in 1847 he took his degree as Agrégé de Philosophie and became master at the Lycée of Vendome. After having returned from a mission to Italy in the year 1850 where he gathered material for his historical-philosophical masterpiece, "Averroës et l'Averroisme", he was offered employment at the "Bibliothèque Nationale" (at the manuscript department). In 1861 he was chosen to become professor of Hebrew at the Collège de France, but because the emperor refused to ratify the appointment (inspired by the Clerical party), he was not established in the chair untill 1870. In 1878 he was elected for the Academy. Renan is considered a scholar of the greatest excellence and an impressive writer.

Undated, around 1836. 1 leaf 8vo. on light-blue paper. 16 lines and signed "Tout á vous et de coeur/ Charles Nodier" The letter seems to deal with Alexander Dumas' novel "Voyages de Gabriel Payot". On verso of the letter is transscribed in Nodier's hand "Monsieur Alexandre Dumas,/ cour d'Orleans No 3./ Paris". Marks after folding. Faint scattered brownspots.

Altona, und in der Cramerischen Handlung in Bremen, (1770). 8vo. Contemp. marbled boards. The marbled paper on covers gone, scratches to marbled paper on spine. (Binding fully intact). Title-and tomelabels in leather with gilt lettering. A stamp on foot of title-page. (6),XXIV,560,32;VIII,112 pp. Some scattered brownspots, mainly to "Verbesserungen des ersten Theiles" and to title-pages. Very scarce first edition of Basedow's main work in educational theory meant to explain his "Elementarwerk".He was strongly influenced by Rousseau's ideas on education in Emile, and he proposed the reform of schools and of the common methods of instruction, the establishment of an institute for qualifying teachers and solicited subscriptions for the printing of a new, illustrated, book, Elementarwerk ("Elementary Book"), where his principles were to be explained at length assisted by "Das Methodenbuch".Basedow was called to Denmark in 1753 to become professor at Soroe Akademi, where he stayed for 8 years. He was dismissed to Altona in 1761 caused by his theological views going against the prevailing orthodoxy. While he stayed in Soroe he published his "Praktische Philosophie für alle Stände", 1758.

Kjøbenhavn, C.A. Reitzel, 1845-48 + 1852-53. Indbundet i et samtidigt, lidt beskedent hldrbd. med rygforgyldning. Ryg med lette brugsspor. Alle samlinger foreligger her med ALLE indholdsfortegnelser, smudstitelblade, dedikationsblade samt fællestitelblade til første og andet bind. Første Samling af Nye Eventyr er i "Tredie Oplag" med årstallet 1847. Alle 7 dele foreligger her i ganske usædvanligt rene og velbevarede ekemplarer, trykt på velin-agtigt papir. På bagsiden af første fællestitelblad et lille stempel "CAR", således antageligt fra udgiveren, C.A. Reitzels arkiv.Bound in one cont., a bit modest, half calf binding w. gilt back. Back w. a bit of wear. All collections with ALL contents-leaves, half-titles, dedication-leaves and the joint title-pages of the first and second volume. First collection of "New Fairy Tales" is in the third issue, w. the year 1847. All seven parts are unusually clean and well preserved, printed on vellum-like paper. On the verso of the first joint title-page is a discrete stamp "CAR", indicating that the copy comes from the archive of the published, C.A. Reitzel. Originaludgaverne af Andersens anden og tredie samling af æventyr foreligger her i usædvanligt rene eksemplarer og ligeså usædvanligt, med alle titelblade og dedikationsblade. Heri førstetrykkene af adskillige af Andersens mest kendte og elskede æventyr, bl.a. "Grantræet", "Sneedronningen", "Elverhøi", "De røde Skoe", "Hyrdinden og Skorstensfeieren", "Holger Danske", "Skyggen", "Historien om en Moder" etc. - BFN: 428,454,467,516,529,606,616.First edition of Andersen's second and third Fairy Tale Collection (one of the 7 parts in 3. issue), containing the Fairy Tales which brought him international fame. These collections contain several of his most famous and cherished Fairy Tales. Very scarce with all general titles, indexes, halftitles and dedication-leaves.

Nurnberg, Sturmer Verlag, 1936. 8vo-oblong (248 x 200 mm). In the original half cloth binding with coloured pictorial paper covered boards. All edges red. Light wear to extremities, an overall very nice and clean copy. (44) pp. 21 full page anti-Semitic color drawings by Philipp Rupprecht, included in the pagination. Rare first edition of one of the most infamous documents of National Socialist propaganda aimed at children. Widely condemned for its content and intent, this book represents a grotesque distortion of children’s literature, using colourful illustrations and simplistic language to convey deeply antisemitic ideology. As Hürlimann writes, it is "Das grauenhafteste Dokument, das menschlicher Sadismus je in Bilderbuchform hervorgebracht hat." (Hurlimann 140). (i.e. English: “the most horrifying document that human sadism has ever produced in picture-book form”) Published by Stürmer-Verlag, this was the first of three children’s books produced under Julius Streicher’s direction - each aimed at spreading Nazi racial ideology among young readers. These books are among the most disturbing examples of propaganda from the Third Reich: deliberately designed to appear innocent, yet filled with messages of hate and dehumanization. Disguised as educational material, the book taught children the supposed “proper roles” of Aryans and Jews in Nazi Germany, planting the regime’s most harmful ideas in the minds of the young. Today it stands as a chilling reminder of how totalitarian regimes can use even children’s literature to spread their ideology.

London, A. Linde, 1755. Folio (370 x 225). Bound in a nice later half calf binding with six bands and gilt lettering to spine. Light miscoluring to spine otheriwse a very find and clean copy. XXIII, (1), 206, VII, (1), 291,(1) + Index (12) pp. + large folded hand coloured map and 28 engraved plates. First and only English edition of Erich Pontoppidan's extensive work on the flora and fauna of Norway. The first part deals with geology and plants, the second animals, birds and sea creatures, including a depiction of a huge sea serpent. Pontoppidan (1698-1764), the Bishop of Bergen from 1747 to 1754 and a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Copenhagen, published the original Danish version in 1752-3. Wood, Vertebrate Zoology, 522 ESTC T89156 Cox I, 183 Nissen, ZBI 3224

Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1826. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff", Bd. 6 + 7, Viertes u. Fünftes Stück. (Entire issues 4 and 5 present). Titlepage to vol. 6. Pp. 369-514 a. 1 engraved plate, Titlepage to vol. 7. Pp. 1-136 a. 1 engreved plate. Ohms paper: pp. 459-469, pp. 45-54 a. pp. 117-118.. Clean and fine. First appearence of a major paper in 19th century electrical theory, breaking new ground in associating an electric tension with both open and closed galvanic circuits, unifying the theory of Galvanic electricity, and containing Ohm's Law in the simpler and last form."Ohm's second major paper of 1826 announced the beginnings of a comprehensive theory of galvanic electricity based, he said, on the fact that the contact of heterogenous bodies produced and maintained a constant electric tension (Spannung). He deferred the systematic exposition of thsi theory to a later work, however, and limited himself to stating without derivation the two eqautions that constituted its heart: X=kw(a/l) and u-c = +/- (x/l)a,whereX is the strenght of the electric current in a conductor of lenght l, cross section w, and conductibility (Leitungsvermögen) k produced by a difference in electric tension a at its end points. By means of the first equation one can, ...reduce the actual lenght of a wire of whatever cross section and conductibility to the equivalent lenght of one of the wire chosen arbitrarily as a standard. Letting l now be this equivalent lenght - called the reduced lenght (reducirte Länge) of the conductor - Ohm WROTE HIS FIRST LAW IN THE SIMPLER FORM X=a/l, THE EXPRESSION WHICH HAS BECOME KNOWN AS OHM'S LAW."(DSB X, pp. 188-89).