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Weimar, Geographischen Instituts, 1807-13. Folio-oblong. (38 x 48 cm.). Contemp hcalf. Spine a little rubbed. A paperlabel pasted on upper part of spine. Corners bumped. Stamp on "Netz-Karte"/ "Tableau". With 3 other "Netz-Karte" on verso of Sect. 3,11 a. 14. The engraved title-page (in French) present as Sect. 10. With all 204 engraved plates (203 maps). The maps clean and fine throughout.

Berlin, Gebrüder Paetel, 1891. Large8vo. In a nice contemporary half calf binding with 5 raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. In "Deutsche Rundschau", Band 67, 1891. Green leather title-label and red leather tome-label to spine, Small paper label pasted on to top left corner of front board. Two stamps to first leaf and one stamp to P. 476. Light wear to extremities, internally very fine and clean. Pp. 357-390. [Entire volume: IV, 480 pp.] The Exceedingly rare first (and only 19th century) translation of Darwin's first published work "Letters on Geology" from 1835. The pamphlet was initially published without Darwin's consent and he was "a good deal horrified" when he learned about the publication, which explains the posthumous translation. The work contains extracts from ten letters written by Darwin to John Stevens Henslow (1796-1861) during his five-year voyage on the Beagle. Henslow, the charismatic and well-connected Regis Professor of Botany at Cambridge, was Darwin's close friend and first mentor in natural history and responsible for obtaining for Darwin his position as ship's naturalist aboard the Beagle. Henslow had this pamphlet printed without Darwin's knowledge for distribution amongst the members of the Cambridge Philosophical Society "in consequence of the interest which has been excited by some of the Geological notices which they contain, and which were read at a Meeting of the Society on the 16th of November 1835" an act which secured Darwin's reputation with the scientific community even before his return to England in October, 1836. "It has always been assumed that it was issued, to members of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, in December 1835 and this is probably so , but I have not seen a copy with a dated ownership inscription, or accession stamp, for that year" (Freeman).The original pamphlet was reprinted in facsimile in 1960, again for private circulation in the Cambridge Philosophical Society and for friends of that Society. Only two translations has been made: The present first and a Russian from 1959 (Freeman 7).Freeman No. 6.

Frankfurt a. Main, Hummen, 1641. Folio. Contemp. full vellum. Handwritten title on spine. Spine a bit stained. A few small repairs on edges. Stamps on foot of engraved title-page. (A printed title-page not published). Erratic pagination. First textleaf is a dedication-leaf, signed A3 and numbered as p. 5 (but complete). (2),5-202,(10),(2-blank). 7 (of 8) engraved parttitles to part I. 180 (numb. I-CCC) + 55 (numb. I-CX) engraved plates with 410 engravings. Many double-page plates including 1 large engraved folded plan of Strasbourg (strenghtened on verso). Some misnumbering to both textleaves and plates. A few plates with marginal dampstains. First latin edition. A translation of Dilich's German edition of 1640 "Peribologia oder Bericht Wilhelmi Dilichij Hist: Von Vestungs gebewen". Dilich is the best-known German writer on fortification of his time, he had studied at Cassel and at the University of Marburg. He spent long periods of time in Holland and then became the historian, geographer and architect of Maurice, Elector of Saxony (joint dedication to the work).Dilich was the "The best-known German writer on fortification of his time, Dilich had studied at Cassel and at the University of Marburg. He spent long periods of time in Holland and then became the historian, geographer and architect of Maurice, Elector of Saxony (joint dedicatee of the Latin edition of 1641); poems praising his treatise address him also as a mathematician... His outlines for fortified city plans are somewhat influenced by Francesco de’ Marchi’s, but have even more extensive outworks; Dilich clearly supported a fortification system based on the "tenaille", a predilection partially announced by his title (Peribologia = study of the circumference [of a sanctuary]). Nonetheless, many of his fortified city plans contain elaborate proposals for urban compositions of streets, squares and building lots" (Pollak, no. 14).Ornamentstich-Sammlung, Berlin, 3526. - Cockle, 832 (German ed.) - Klaus Jordan, 895.

Kiøbenhavn, Johan Rudolph Thiele, (1797) 1799. 4to. Uncut and unopened in original blue boards. Published in: "Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter." Vol. V. Wessel's paper: pp.469-518 and 3 folded engraved plates (the last plate inserted at p. 463). The whole volume V offered in its original binding. Engraved titlevignette. XII,670 pp., 15 engraved plates. 4 leaves with upper right corners gone, not affecting Wessel's paper. First edition of this important first systematical treatment of the theory of complex numbers and at the same time, the first work to add vectors in three-dimensional space."Wessel’s fame as a mathematician is based entirely on one paper, written in Danish and published in the Mémoires of the Royal Danish Academy, that established his priority in publication of the geometric representation of complex numbers. John Wallis had given a geometric representation of the complex roots of quadratic equations in 1685; Gauss had had the idea as early as 1799 but did not explicitly publish it until 1831. Robert Argand’s independent publication in 1806 must be credited as the source of this concept in modern mathematics because Wessel’s work remained essentially unknown until 1895, when its significance was pointed out by Christian Juel. The title of Wessel’s treatise calls it an "attempt" to give an analytic representation of both distance and direction that could be used to solve plane and spherical polygons. The connection of this goal with Wessel’s work as a surveyor and cartographer is obvious. The statement of the problem also suggests that Wessel should be credited with an early formulation of vector addition. In fact, Michael J. Crowe, in A History of Vector Analysis (University of Notre Dame Press, 1967), defines the first period in that history as that of a search for hypercomplex numbers to be used in space analysis and dates it from the time of Wessel, whom he calls the first to add vectors in three-dimensional space." (DSB).

Stockholm, Henrik A. Nordström, 1797-1801. 8vo. Uncut, partly unopened in the original wrappers. In 22 volumes as issued. Last volume name written on title-page, otherwise an exceptionally fine, clean and untouched set rarely seen in this condition. (4),102 pp.; (2),182 pp.; (2),107 pp.; (2),157,(1) pp.; (2),176,(4) pp.; (4),138,(2) pp.; (2),205,(1) pp. + 1 folded table; (2),188 pp; (2),190 pp.; (2),89,(4) pp.; (4),135,(1) pp.; (2),116,(1) pp.; (2),157 pp.; (2),120 pp.; (2),151,(1 blank,10) pp. + 1 folded map; (2),215 pp. + 1 folded table; (2),131,(5) pp.; (4),207 pp.; (2),183,(1) pp. + 1 folded table; (2),218 pp.; (2),144,(4) pp.; (6),449,(1) pp. + 5 folded plates."Om Beskatning", Part: 36, 37, 38:Pp. 145-177"Om Jordbrukets förfall i Europa, efter Romerska Väldets undergäng", Part: 27, 28. Pp. 93-120"Om Handelsbalancen", Part: 25,26. Pp. 92-114"Om Jordbruks-systemet I en Rikshushållning, samt om Economisterne I Frankrike", Part: 25-26. Pp. 43-92"Om Pappers-myntet I Norr-Amerika Kolonierne, före Revolutionen". Part: 27-28. Pp.57-62"Om Krono-jord". Part: 29,30,31. Pp 139-146."Theorien för statsskulder". Part: 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 & 50. Pp. 151-161. First, however partial, translation of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations in Swedish rarely seen in this condition, thus making it the very first opportunity for Swedish speakers to study Adam Smith. A more lengthy translation was made in 1909 - 1911 but to this day a full Swedish translation has not been made."Von Schulzenheim [nobleman, physician, country squire and politician] also published shorter articles in the review 'Läsning I blandade ämnen', an organ of the opposition to the absolutist and obscurantist regime of Gustavus IV Adolphus. The editor of the review was count Georg Adlersparre, an army officer and a political writer who in 1809 was to become one of the prime-movers behind the dethronement of the king. Adlersparre to was an admirer of Adam Smith. In 1799-1800 he published in the 'Läsning' his own Swedish translation of several selections from Wealth of Nations. In some cases Adlersparre added footnotes, making it easier for the readers to apply Smith's ideas to Swedish conditions. Those translations, to the best of my knowledge, were the first ones of Wealth of Nations in Sweden. They were followed by translations of other parts of Wealth of Nations, published in 1800 amd 1808. This time the translator was Erik Erland Bodell, an official of the Swedish Customs and thus, if you like, a colleague of Adam Smith." ( Cheng-chung, Adam Smith Across Nations). Despite the comparatively late translation into Swedish, it still had a profound influence, not on economists since they were well aware of the original work in English, but upon politics and public opinion in general: "There are few things more striking to the modem student of the history of ideas in Sweden than the negative phenomenon that Sweden was almost entirely uninfluenced by this fact and thus remained almost unaffected by English economic thought during a period when its superiority was most evident. As far as I am acquainted with the Swedish economic discussion and our popular economic literature of the 1860's and 1870's, there is almost no trace of any influence from English writers. [...]Of Adam Smith we have still only one abbreviated translation of his famous work and that was published as late as during this century; and, as far as I know, nothing of Ricardo's or Malthus' exists in Swedish, nor do any of the major economic works of J.S. Mill." (Heckscher, A survey of economic thought in Sweden, 1875-1950).The journal was preceded by Adlersparre's "Läsning för landtmän" 1795-96. The content is a mixture of literature, agriculture, law, philosophy and politics. Apart from the many contributions by Swedish authors, "Läsning i blandade ämnen" also contains texts by Kant, Gibbon and De Lolme OCLC lists copies at Yale, Minnesota, and Texas.

Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 1896 a. 1898. 4to. Bound in 2 contemp. hcloth, spines gilt and with gilt lettering. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences", Tome 122 a. 127. - 1633 pp. + 1302 pp. Both with halftitle and title-page. Title-pages with a punched stamp to lower margin. The papers (tome 122:) pp. 420-421, 501-503, 559-564, 689-694, 762-767, 1086-1088. (Tome 127:) pp. 175-178, 1215-1217, 1218. Internally clean and fine. First appearance of the landmark papers in which Becquerel documents his discovery of Radio-activity, PROMPTING THE NUCLEAR AGE, and the papers which the Curies announced the discoveries of the 2 elements Polonium and Radium.Becquerel was an expert in fluorescence and phosphorescence, continuing the work of his father and grandfather. Follwing the discovery of X-rays by Röntgen, Bexquerel investigated fluorescent materials to see if they also emitted X-rays. He exposed a fluorescent uranium salt, pechblende, to light and then placed it on a wrapped photographic plate.He found that a faint image was left on the plate, which he believed was due to the pichblende emitting the light it had absorbed as a more penetrating radiation.. However, by chace, he left a sample that had not been exposed to light on top of a photographic plate in a drawer. he noticed that the photographic plate also had a a faint image of the pechblende. After several chemical tests he concluded that these "Becquerel rays" were a property of atoms. He had, by chace, discovered radio-activity and prompted thee beginning of the nuclear age. He shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 with Marie and Pierre Curie. The "Becquerel Rays" were later discovered to be a composite of three forms of emanation, distinguished by Rutherford as alpha, beta and gamma rays.Dibner: 163 (the later Mémoire from 1903) - PMM: 393 (1903- Mémoire) - Garrison & Morton: 2001 (only the first paper). - Magie "A Sourve Book in Physics" p. 610 ff. - Norman:157. "The Curie's owned their success to an extremely sensitive electroscopic apparatus constructed by Pierre and his brother Jacques, which made possible a "new method of chemical analysis based on the precise measurement of radium emitted, a method still in use."(DSB).Becquerel's discovery of the radioactive properties of uranium (1896) inspired Marie and Pierre Curie to investigate radiation. They reported their researches in a series of papers from 1897 in the Comptes rendus. First they isolated a new substance about three hundred times as active as radium. This they called Polonium in honour of Marie's native Poland. A further examnination of the residue of Pitchblende after the removal of uranium and polonium disclosed residual radio-activity far greater than was possessed by either substance alone. To this material the name Radium was given. The radium was found to be about two million times as radio-active as uranium.Garrison & Morton: 2003. - Magie "A Source Book in Physics" p. 613 ff.

Istanbul, Sirketi Mürettibye Matbaasi, 1933. 8vo. In a recent full black leather binding with four raised bands and gilt lettering to spine and front board. Blindtooled frames to front and back board. A fine and clean copy. (7), (1), (5)-305, (1), [errata-leaf] pp. Rare first Turkish book-length appearance of Marx’s landmark ‘Das Kapital’, being a translation of the most important abridged version of Marx's Capital ever to have appeared, Haydar Rifat’s (Yorulmaz) 1933 translation Sermaye, which was based on an abridged French version (1897) of the original by Gabriel Deville. Exerting great effort for the formation of the leftist thought and discourse in the late Ottoman and early Republican periods, Haydar Rifat was a prominent translator acting as a culture entrepreneur in the cultivation of leftist ideas. In his preface to Sermaye, Rifat notes that only passing remarks are made on Marx’s works in the faculties of law and political sciences and accounts for his attempt to further introduce Marx and his ideology to the academia and the public as follows: Das Kapital, Karl Marx’s masterpiece, has been translated into all major languages, and numerous commentaries and interpretations on this work have been published by experts in modern countries. The translations, commentaries and interpretations of this work are so abundant that they quantitatively surpass the commentaries on all Holy Books; indeed, the works produced by various experts with different approaches under the title “Marxist Library” can fill up buildings. (Front the present work). "The epitome, here translated, was published in Paris, in 1883, by Gabriel Deville, possibly the most brilliant writer among the French Marxians. It is the most successful attempt yet made to popularize Marx's scientific economics. It is by no means free from difficulties, for the subject is essentially a complex and difficult subject, but there are no difficulties that reasonable attention and patience will not enable the average reader to overcome. There is no attempt at originality. The very words in most cases are Marx's own words, and Capital is followed so closely that the first twenty-five chapters correspond in subject and treatment with the first twenty-five chapters of Capital. Chapter XXVI corresponds in the main with Chapter XXVI of Capital, but also contains portions of chapter XXX. The last three chapters-XXVII, XXVIII, and XXIX-correspond to the last three chapters-XXXI, XXXII, and XXXIII-of Capital." (ROBERT RIVES LA MONTE, Intruductory Note to the 1899 English translation). “He also refers to how he has had to deal with the challenges arising from the translation of certain terms and/or the absence of any expert on the field whom he could consult: While doing this short translation, I have encountered many difficulties. It is necessary to find equivalents for new terms, or rather the terms, which are new for us. The trouble arose not just from finding Turkish equivalents in line with the new course our language has taken, it also concerns the difficulty in finding any equivalent. Some of these words and terms were used for the first time, while I have replaced some others with alternative words and terms though they have been in use for the past five or ten years. I almost never go out. On those rare occasions when I leave home and go out, I can find almost nobody whom I can consult and discuss my translation. (Rifat 1933, 7)” Rifat concludes his lengthy preface with a humble, almost apologetic note stating that he would be more than willing to correct any mistakes in his translation that could potentially cause his readers difficulty and that he had consulted a whole list of experts, mainly economists, about the equivalents of certain terms and the general content of the translation. The preface actually ends with a list of the names of the experts to whom Rifat had sent a copy of his translation” (Konca, The Turkish Retranslations of Marx’s Das Kapital as a Site of Intellectual and Ideological Struggle) Rifat’s translation immediately triggered a series of articles and critiques in various journals and papers upon its publication.

London, Macmillan, 1968. Large8vo. In contemporary full green cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Nature", vol. 220, 1968. Entire vol. 220, October - December offered. Small white paper label pasted on to lower part of spine. Stamps to fore edges. Pasted down- and free end-papers with stamps and paper labels from Gettysburg College Library. "Withdrawn"-stamps to pasted down front end-paper and front free end-paper. P. 650. [Entire volume: (2), 1366, III- XXVIII pp.]. First appearance of this short paper in which the taxonomy of coronaviruses is first presented and which also coins the name “Coronavirus”, accepted by the International Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses. Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960'ies and by mid-1967 it was recognized that viruses IBV, MHV, B814 and 229E were structurally and biologically similar so that they form a distinct group. Using electron microscopy, the three viruses were shown to be morphologically related by their general shape and distinctive club-like spikes. Tyrrell met Waterson and Almeida in London to decide on the name of the viruses. Almeida had earlier suggested the term "influenza-like" because of their resemblance, but Tyrrell thought it inappropriate and not very precise. Almeida came up with the unusual name "coronavirus". “Even though we could only base our judgement on the electron microscope images we were quite certain that we had identified a previously unrecognized group of viruses. So what should we call them? 'Influenza-like' seemed a bit feeble, somewhat vague, and probably misleading. We looked more closely at the appearance of the new viruses and noticed that they had a kind of halo surrounding them. Recourse to a dictionary produced the Latin equivalent, corona, and so the name coronavirus was born.” (Cold Wars: The Fight Against the Common Cold) “Particles [of IBV] are more or less rounded in profile; although there is a certain amount of polymorphism, there is also a characteristic "fringe" of projections 200 Å long, which are rounded or petal shaped, rather than sharp or pointed, as in the myxoviruses. This appearance, recalling the solar corona, is shared by mouse hepatitis virus and several viruses recently recovered from man, namely strain B814, 229E and several others... In the opinion of the eight virologists these viruses are members of a previously unrecognized group which they suggest should be called the coronaviruses, to recall the characteristic appearance by which these viruses are identified in the electron microscope.” (From the present paper).

Venetia, Pietro Dusinelli, 1586. Folio. Nice later (around 1950) half polished calf, raised bands, 4 compartments gilt. Titlepage with a beautifull renaissance caryatid border in woodcut and with the coat of arms of the Duke of Aragon. Title with 2 small stamps. (4),92 leaves + 2 unnumbered leaves (at sign. T) with illustrations. Having 6 full-page and 29 smaller woodcut-iullustr. and 2 unnumb. plates. Clean and fine, with the illustrations in strong impressions. The opening initial in the preface has been cut out, with a bit of loss of a few letters on verso. The very rare first edition, the only edition in the original form, of Collado's famous work, being "the first really detailed, well-illustrated technical manual on both the theory and practice of artillery" (A.R. Hall in Ballistics in the 17th century)."The greatest interest of this work as far as pyrotechnics are concerned is contained in Chapter 11 which is entitled, "Of...fires which can be adopted for use in times of festivity...The text of the 1586 edition describes these items (a line rocket, a vertical and horizontal wheel, and a device called Spanish 'Las Granadas'), but they are not illustrated. This book contains some of the earliest and fullest descriptions of recreative fireworks." (Chris Philip, C 070.4)."Very rare, and one of the earliest works, if not the earliest, dealing exclusively with artillery. The numerous types of cannon figured are of great interest, while the work itself represents a fine specimen of typography." (Sotheran, Bibliotheca Chemico-Mathematica, vol. I, no 6987.Cockle (No 664) calls it "Very rare; the only ed. of the original form of Collado's famous work, Ayala, nor having seen it, gives the trans. of the Spanish "Platica" as a reprint of it."(Cockle). The "Platica" is a Spanish translation from 1592.

Kiøbenhaffn, Tyge Nielssøn, 1634. 4to. Samtidigt helldrbd. Ophøjede bind på ryggen. Rygforgyldning. Reparationer ved kapitæler. Falsen ved nederste rygfelt med revne og reparation. Indre false med gl. forstærkning således at det ikke helt kan afgøres, om teksten er indsat i et andet bind end det oprindelige. Titelbladet trykt i rødt og sort indenfor en røskenramme. (16),158 pp. (= 1-157, (158) er Errata. Ganske velbevaret og bredrandet. Tekst lettere brunet. Det yderst sjældne originaltryk af Bielckes væsentligste bidrag til revisionen af den norske Lowbog. Eksemplaret her har Errata-bladet, som iflg. Thesaurus kun findes i nogle få eksemplarer af værket. Bielcke blev i 1614 Norges Riges kansler og i dette embede blev han øverste chef for rigets retsvæsen. - Bogtrykkeren Tyge Nielssøn blev Norges første bogtrykker, idet han i 1643 flyttede sit trykkeri til Christiania.Bibl. Danica I,639. - Thesaurus I,383.

Amstelodami (Amsterdam), Johannes Jacobi Schipperi, 1657. Folio. Bound in one later (ca. 1800) hcalf w. marbled boards, uncut. Back w. six raised bands and coloured title-labels. Hinges, capitals and corners w. traces of use. First 12 leaves of "De Piscibus" w. repair to lower margin (ca. 4 x 10 cm. and decreasing) w. waterstaining around it, neither repair nor waterstaining affecting text or illustrations. Otherwise internally nice and clean. Engr. t-p. and 48 engr. plates (most of them depicting between 7 and 20 animals that live in water), 5, (3), 160 pp. (De Piscibus) + woodcut title-vignette and 20 engr. plates (most of them depicting between 10 and 20 shell-fish etc.), 58, (2) pp. Second edition of both works. The "Exanguibus Aquaticis" is in accordance with Nissen's description of the second edition (Nissen 2134), the second edition of the "De Piscibus", however, is described in Nissen without year and as containing 47 plates, as the first edition, whereas this copy has 48 plates (all numbered), place and printer are the same. The first editions were both printed in Frankfurt in 1650. Johnston (1603 - 1675) was born in Poland and of Scottish descend, he was primarily a medic and natural historian. His works are usually seen as compilations of information with no personal judgment accompanying it. None the less his works of natural history were of great importance to the growing interest in this field of the time. "For example four of his dictionary-style works on fish, birds, quadrupeds, and insects -published between 1650 and 1653 with excellent illustrations- were widely read and translated" (D.S.B. VII:164). Though he relied a lot on the writings of others (e.g. those of Aldrovandi), his works became of great importance, first of all because of their new educational approach, but they were also of paramount importance to the development of natural history in Japan. The first collected edition in Dutch of the Historia Naturalis published at Amsterdam in 1660, was presented as a gift to the Japanese ruler Shogun Yoshimune. It was the only source of knowledge of western natural history in Japan, until in 1750. "Jonston's writings were a useful contribution to seventeenth-century thought, although he was not in the forefront of changing concepts of the time." (D.S.B. VII:165).These two works are the separate volumes three and four of Johnston's six-volume work "Historia Naturalis". All the beautifully executed plates are by Merian, who printed the first edition. Wood mentions this 1657-edition as the "editio princeps" (Wood p. 409). Nissen 2133 + 2134.

Heidelberg, C.F. Winter, 1842. Bound in a nice later hcalf. Raised bands, titlelabel with gilt lettering. In: "Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. herausgegeben von Friedrich Wóhler und Justus Liebig", Vol. 42. (6),356 pp. Mayer's paper: pp. 233-240. Volume 42 is offered bound together with vol. 41. (8),376 pp. a. 1 folded plate. (This volume contains importent cehemical papers by Kolbe, Cahours, Kopp, Wöhler, Laurent and Liebig (the first printing of Liebig's famous work on animal physiology and pathology) First printing of one of the most important papers in physics, chemistry and physiology in the 19th century. The paper is the first to propose an equivalence of all forms of energy, including heat, and a conservation of total energy. Although Mayer was the first to set forth the general law of the conversation of energy (the first thermodynamical law), it was James Joule who first put the law on firm footing. "The paper of 1842 (the paper offered) set out Mayer’s definitive view on the conservation of force and established his claim to priority; historically the paper also provides insight into the processes through which Mayer arrived at his theory."(DSB)."Originally trained as a physician, mayer did not enjoy medical practice. About 1840 he began to be interested in physics and he entered thhe field of research, ... In 1842 he not only presented a figure for the mechanical equivalent of heat, but he also clearly presented his belief in the conversation of energy. He had some difficulty getting his paper on the subject published but Liebig finally accepted for the importent journal he edited. Though Mayer was five years ahead of Joule his paper aroused no interest, and in the end it was Joule, with his imposing experimental background. who received credit for working out the mechanical equivalent of heat. And it was Helmholtz who recieved credit for announcing the law of conservation of energy because he announced it so much more systematically. Yet Mayer went further than either of the other two, for he included living phenomena in the realm of energy conservation (a daring step in a decade when vitalism, with its view that the laws of inanimate nature did not apply to living systems, was still a considerable force). Mayer argued that solar energy was the ultimate source of all energy on earth, both living and non-living. He further suggested that solar energy was derived from the slow contraction of the sun, or by the fall of meteors into the sun, in either case kinetic energy being converted to radiant energy."(Asimov)"After 1860, Mayer was finally given the recognition he deserved. Many of his articles were translated into English, and such well-known scientists as Rydolph Clausius in Germany and John Tyndall in England began to champion Mayer as the founder of the law of the conservation of energy."(Alan Lightman "Great Ideas in Physics", p. 8).Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1842 P. - Magee "A Source Book in Physics", p. 196 ff. - Dibner: 157 (listing the offprint with a different title) - PMM: 330 (offprint-version). - Garrison & Morton: 606.

Firenze, Nella Stamperia S.A.R. Per Gio: Gaetano, e Sant Franchi, 1717. 4to. Contemporary full vellum with handwritten title to spine. A bit of wear to capitals and a bit of minor soiling to boards, but a fine and handsome copy. Inner hinges a bit weak. Internally nice and clean, with just a bit of light minor occasional brownspotting. Large engraved pictorial vignette (heading: Accdemia Fiorentina) to title-page. Very nice woodcut vignettes and initials throughout. XXXI, (1), 676, (2, - Approvazioni) pp. [Viviani's Galilei-biography: pp. 397-431]. First edition of this extensive work of biographies of the people of the Florentine Academy. Among the dozens of biographies in the present work, we have the first printing of Viviani's seminal biography of Galilei, the first, and by far the most important biography of the great astronomer ever written. It is from this biography that we have most of the canonical stories and anecdotes about Galilei that keep being repeated and quoted - e.g. the legend of Galilei demonstrating to his students that Aristotle was wrong about speed of fall being related to the weight of an object by dropping balls of different mass off the leaning tower in Pisa; the stories of how he came up with the idea of the pendulum after having watched a suspended lamp swing back and forth in the cathedral of Pisa when he was still a student there - and furthermore also how his first experiments with pendulums were carried out (by his son due to his own failing eyesight), etc., etc.Vincenzo Viviani (1622-1703) considered himself Galilei's last pupil and he spent most of his life reinstating the ideas of Galilei. He was merely 20 years old when his master died, and he was present at the bedside of the dying master as well as at the removal of his body. Thus, he was a direct witness to many of the events that took place in Galilei's life, and as such he is an indispensible biographer - especially seeing that no other person had attempted a biograhy of the great astronomer. After Galielei's death, Viviani was granted a pension by the King of France, in exchange for him writing a great, massive biography of his master. This planned massive work never came about, though, - probably due to both fear of retaliation, inabilty to reconcile geometry with the dogmas of faith, and finally a general fear of what such a biography could carry with it politically, etc. (he had apparantly also been warned of this). What we have left of the massive work is that which is present in Salvini's collection of biographies of the Florentine Academy. The work is written in the form of a letter addressed to Prince Leopoldo de'Medici, and it was not printed during Viviani's lifetime, but only in 1717, in the present book. Though not as extensive as had originally been planned, and though not printed as soon as originally planned, the work is still of the greatest importance to our knowledge about Galilei and forms the foundation for all later works on the astronomer. For the student of Galilei, it is absolutely indispensible. Being the first biography of Galilei, and the only one written by a contemporary, and one who knew him very well, the work plays a greater role in the study of the master's life than any other work.Viviani may not have been a faithful chronicler or a clear interpreter, but we will have to make do with that which he can tell us about Galilei. Though not all stories may be true, almost all of the most famous anecdotes and legends that we have about Galilei stem from the present work. After having described the various marvels, discoveries, etc. of Galilei's life, Viviani ends by describing the last hours of Galilei's life: "il Mercoledì delli 8. de Gennaio del 1641. ab Inc. a ore 4. di notte in età di settantasette anni, mesi dieci, e giorni vent, con Filosofica, e Christiana constanza, rese l'Anima al suo Creatore, inviandosi questa a godere, e rimarar più d'apresso quelle eterne maraviglie, ch'ella con tanta avidità, & impazienza aveva procurator per mezzo di fragil artifizio d'avvicinare agli occhi di noi mortali." (p. 423) ["On the night of Jan. 8, 1641, at about 4 o'clock at night at the age of 77 years, 10 months, and 20 days, with philosophical and Christian firmness he rendered up his soul to its Creator, sending it, as he liked to believe, to enjoy and to watch from a closer vantage point those eternal and immutable marvels which he, by means of a fragile device, had brought closer to our mortal eyes with such eagerness and impatience."] - clearly showing the sense that Viviani had for Galilei's biblically inspired faith.The work furthermore contains several hitherto unpublished treatises on men from the famous scientific academy of Florence.

Chicago, American Medical Association, 1926. 8vo. Offprint in the original printed wrappers. Previous owner's name to top right corner of front wrapper. A very fine and clean copy. 19 pp. First printing, in the scarce offprint, of Minot and Murphy's seminal Nobel Prize winning paper which "ranks as one of the greatest modern advances in [anemia] therapy." (GM). Minot and Murphy shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Whipple "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia". "The brilliant discovery by Minot and Murphy in 1926, demonstrating the dramatic effectiveness of liver preparations in pernicious anemia, forms one of the landmarks in the history of therapeutics." (Satoskar, Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics)."Prompted by pathologist George Whipple's research on the feeding of liver to anemic dogs, Minot and Murphy fed liver to their patients. In a now famous 1926 paper [the present], they announced its miraculous benefits for forty-five otherwise doomed souls." (Wailoo, Drawing Blood: technology and Disease Identity in Twentieth-Century America). Up until the 1920'ies, pernicious anemia (also known as "blood thinning" disease) was a fatal disease, for which there was no cure. People who developed pernicious anemia - characterized by dangerously low counts of red blood cells - were left exhausted, hospitalized, and without the hope of being cured. "Minot’s work and that of numerous pupils during the decade after 1926 initiated a new era in clinical hematology by replacing the largely morphologic studies of the blood and of the blood-forming and blood-destroying organs with dynamic measurements of their functions." (DSB).In the early 1920s, most doctors believed that pernicious anemia was caused by a toxic substance in the body, and they prescribed doses of arsenic, transfusions, or removal of the spleen as treatments. But after these remedies were administered, patients had relapses, and death was inevitable. Across the world, 6,000 lives a year were lost to the scourge of pernicious anemia."In 1923, Minot met William P. Murphy, who had graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1922 and who was to become an assistant instructor at Harvard Medical School in 1924. In their investigations to find a cure for pernicious anemia, Minot believed that research by George Whipple, a researcher whom he had known while both were at Johns Hopkins Hospital, was particularly significant. Whipple had completed experiments in which he bled dogs to make them anemic. Then he determined which foods restored their red blood cells. His results showed that red meat and certain vegetables were effective treatments, but liver was the best treatment. Minot wondered if Whipple's findings with dogs could be duplicated in humans. He and Murphy were determined to try it, and proceeded to do so with their private patients. Observing an increase in the patients' red blood cell counts, they thought they were on the right track, and decided to try the experiment with hospitalized patients which eventually led to their landmark discovery." (The Harward University Gazette, 1998).After Minot and Murphy's verification of Whipple's results in 1926, pernicious anemia victims ate or drank at least one-half pound of raw liver, or drank raw liver juice, every day. This continued for several years, until a concentrate of liver juice became available.The active ingredient in liver remained unknown until 1948, when it was isolated by chemists Karl A. Folkers.Garrison & Morton: 3140

Berlin, 1913. Royal 8vo. Uncut and partly unopened in original printed wrappers. Soiling to spine, vaguely affecting first and last leaf. Overall in a very fine condition. (8), 446, (2) pp. The very rare first edition of Rosa Luxemburg's magnum opus - "without doubt, one of the most original contributions to Marxist economic doctrine since "Capital". In its wealth of knowledge, brilliance of style, trenchancy of analysis and intellectual independence, this book, as Mehring, Marx's biographer, stated, was the nearest to "Capital" of any Marxist work. The central problem it studies is of tremendous theoretical and political importance: namely, what effects the extension of capitalism into new, backward territories has on the internal contradictions rending capitalism and on the stability of the system." (Tony Cliff). Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) was one of the most influential Marxists of the late 19th century. In her youth, she joined the socialist movement and went to Switzerland in exile in 1889. Here she studied law and economics and developed close connections to the leading members of the Russian socialist party. As opposed to Lenin, she was in complete favour of internationalism and therefore in opposition to the established Russian and Polish socialist parties that supported Polish independence. In 1893, she co-founded what was to be the forerunner of the Polish Communist Party, namely the Socialdemocratic Labour Party of Poland.In 1899, Rosa Luxemburg settled in Berlin and joined the German Socildemocratic Party, SPD and represented the revolutionary wing. She believed strongly in revolutionary mass action, but as opposed to Lenin, she was not completely bound to the revolutionary party and spoke out against movements like the reform union in Germany. "Rosa Luxemburg was born in the small Polish town of Zamosc on 5 March 1871. From early youth she was active in the socialist movement. She joined a revolutionary party called Proletariat, founded in 1882, some 21 years before the Russian Social Democratic Party (Bolsheviks and Mensheviks) came into being. From the beginning Proletariat was, in principles and programme, many steps ahead of the revolutionary movement in Russia. While the Russian revolutionary movement was still restricted to acts of individual terrorism carried out by a few heroic intellectuals, Proletariat was organising and leading thousands of workers on strike. In 1886, however, Proletariat was practically decapitated by the execution of four of its leaders, the imprisonment of 23 others for long terms of hard labour, and the banishment of about 200 more. Only small circles were saved from the wreck, and it was one of these that Rosa Luxemburg joined at the age of 16. By 1889 the police had caught up with her, and she had to leave Poland, her comrades thinking she could do more useful work abroad than in prison. She went to Switzerland, to Zurich, which was the most important centre of Polish and Russian emigration. There she entered the university where she studied natural sciences, mathematics and economics. She took an active part in the local labour movement and in the intense intellectual life of the revolutionary emigrants.Hardly more than a couple of years later Rosa Luxemburg was already recognised as the theoretical leader of the revolutionary socialist party of Poland. She became the main contributor to the party paper, Sprawa Rabotnicza, published in Paris. In 1894 the name of the party, Proletariat, was changed to become the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland; shortly afterwards Lithuania was added to the title. Rosa continued to be the theoretical leader of the party (the SDKPL) till the end of her life.In August 1893 she represented the party at the Congress of the Socialist International. There, a young woman of 22, she had to contend with well-known veterans of another Polish party, the Polish Socialist Party (PPS), whose main plank was the independence of Poland and which claimed the recognition of all the experienced elders of international socialism. Support for the national movement in Poland had the weight of long tradition behind it: Marx and Engels, too, had made it an important plank in their policies. Undaunted by all this, Rosa Luxemburg struck out at the PPS, accusing it of clear nationalistic tendencies and a proneness to diverting the workers from the path of class struggle; and she dared to take a different position to the old masters and oppose the slogan of independence for Poland. (For elaboration on this, see Rosa Luxemburg and the national question below.) Her adversaries heaped abuse on her, some of them, like the veteran disciple and friend of Marx and Engels, Wilhelm Liebknecht, going so far as to accuse her of being an agent of the Tsarist secret police. But she stuck to her point.Intellectually she grew by leaps and bounds. She was drawn irresistibly to the centre of the international labour movement, Germany, where she made her way in 1898." (Tony Cliff, Rosa Luxemburg Biography).In 1919, she was captured and murdered by reactionary freetroop officers, but her theoretical works remained highly influential throughout almost a century. As late as the 1960'ies and 70'ies, she was still seen as somewhat of a revolutionary hero and champion of communism. "When the First World War broke out, practically all the leaders of the Socialist Party [SPD] were swept into the patriotic tide. On 3 August 1914 the parliamentary group of German Social Democracy decided to vote in favour of war credits for the Kaiser’s government. Of the 111 deputies only 15 showed any desire to vote against. However, after their request for permission to do so had been rejected, they submitted to party discipline, and on 4 August the whole Social Democratic group unanimously voted in favour of the credits. A few months later, on 2 December, Karl Liebknecht flouted party discipline to vote with his conscience. His was the sole vote against war credits.This decision of the party leadership was a cruel blow to Rosa Luxemburg. However, she did not give way to despair. On the same day, 4 August, on which the Social Democratic deputies rallied to the Kaiser’s banner, a small group of socialists met in her apartment and decided to take up the struggle against the war. This group, led by Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, Franz Mehring and Clara Zetkin, ultimately became the Spartakus League. For four years, mainly from prison, Rosa continued to lead, inspire and organise the revolutionaries, keeping high the banner of international socialism...The revolution in Russia of February 1917 was a realisation of Rosa Luxemburg’s policy of revolutionary opposition to the war and struggle for the overthrow of imperialist governments. Feverishly she followed the events from prison, studying them closely in order to draw lessons for the future. Unhesitatingly she stated that the February victory was not the end of the struggle but only its beginning, that only workers’ power could assure peace. From prison she issued call after call to the German workers and soldiers to emulate their Russian brethren, overthrow the Junkers and capitalists and thus, while serving the Russian Revolution, at the same time prevent themselves from bleeding to death under the ruins of capitalist barbarism.When the October Revolution broke out, Rosa Luxemburg welcomed it enthusiastically, praising it in the highest terms. At the same time she did not believe that uncritical acceptance of everything the Bolsheviks did would be of service to the labour movement. She clearly foresaw that if the Russian Revolution remained in isolation a number of distortions would cripple its development; and quite early in the development of Soviet Russia she pointed out such distortions, particularly on the question of democracy.On 8 November 1918 the German Revolution freed Rosa Luxemburg from prison. With all her energy and enthusiasm she threw herself into the revolution. Unfortunately the forces of reaction were strong. Right-wing Social Democratic leaders and generals of the old Kaiser’s army joined forces to suppress the revolutionary working class. Thousands of workers were murdered; on 15 January 1919 Karl Liebknecht was killed; on the same day a soldier’s rifle butt smashed into Rosa Luxemburg’s skull.With her death the international workers’ movement lost one of its noblest souls. "The finest brain amongst the scientific successors of Marx and Engels", as Mehring said, was no more. In her life, as in her death, she gave everything for the liberation of humanity." (Tony Cliff, Biography of Rosa Luxemburg).Sraffa 3560Social Liberation 4066

Amsterdam, Marc Michel Rey, 1755. 8vo. A spendid recent pastiche-binding in perfect contemporary style. Marbled half caf with five raised bands to richly gilt spine. Marbled paper over boards. Occasional very light brownspotting and a very light marginal dam stain to ca 15 leaves. A splendid copy, with good margins and printed on good paper. Old ex libris to inside of front board. Title-page printed in red and black, engraved title-vignette, the engraved frontispiece (by Eisen, engraved by Sornique) bound at the end. 1 large engraved vignette and a few woodcut vignettes. Frontispiece + LXX, (2), 262, (2, -errata & avis pour le relieur) pp. First edition, first issue, of one of Rousseau's main works and one of the most important works of political thought in general. The "Discourse on the Origins of Inequality" is considered Rousseau's first important work and the work that lays the foundation for his later thought.The present copy is with all the first issue pointers (e.g. the erroneous spelling of "Jaques", the accent aigu in "conformé" added by hand by M.M. Rey on p. 11) and the three cancels (pp. LXVII-LXVIII, 111-112, and 139-140). According to Tchemerzine, there were copies on thick, heavy paper ("Il existe des ex. en papier fort"), of which this is presumably one. At least the dedication (LXX pp.) in the present copy is printed on very thick paper, whereas the paper of the remaining leaves is a bit less heavy. The present copy has nice, wide margins. According to Dufour there are five counterfeit-editions bearing the same date (they are easily distinguishable from the first issue). Like his "Discourse on the Sciences and Arts " from 1750, the "Discourse on the Origins of Inequality" was written as a response to an essay competition from the Academy of Dijon. This work is thus often referred to as the "Second Discourse". Unlike the first, this did not win him a prize, even though it is was also then considered a far more accomplished work and now counts as one of his three main works (together with the "Contract Social" and "Émile"). It is in the present work that Rousseau begins to develop his theories of human social development and moral psychology and it is furthermore this work that for the first time clearly divides him from the Encyclopédiste mainstream of the French Enlightenment. The work is famous for Rousseau's portrayal of a multi-stage evolution of humanity from the most primitive condition to something like a modern complex society, which has gone down in history as one of the most important portrayals of man and society. Furthermore, the work is famous for its long preface.When Rousseau had converted to Catholicism, he also lost his rights to the status of Citizen of Geneva. This right was regained in 1754, though, when he reconverted to Calvinism, and a large part of his "Discourse on the Origins of Inequality" consists in a dedication to the state of Geneva. This preface is probably one of the most famous prefaces in the history of modern thought as it constitutes, not only a highly ironical and satirical praise of his birthplace, but also a masterpiece of utopian political thought. Geneva is praised as the good republic worthy of admiration for the stability of its laws and institutions, the common spirit of its inhabitants, the well behaved women that inhabit it, and the good relations with neighbouring states. Not only is it this piece of political fiction that provides us with an imminent insight into how a state should ideally be according to Rousseau an ironical description of what Geneva was not, it was also a fierce attack on Paris. Tchemerzine X:32; Dufour:55.

(No place but Hamburg, no printer), 1724 - 1726. 4to. In contemporary full calf with four raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Light wear to extremities. A few leaves closely trimmed slightly touching text, but generally nice and clean. 321 ff. (No. 1 - 156. All that was published). Exceedingly rare first edition, fully complete, of the famous Hamburg-journal “Der Patriot” – it was the most significant German weekly journal at the beginning of the 18th century and served as an important platform for the emerging Enlightenment. It was published weekly in Hamburg from 1724 to 1726. Due to its popularity it saw four reprints until 1765 and was also translated into Dutch and French. The genre of moral weeklies was inspired by English periodicals, particularly the highly successful publications edited and written by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, which appeared three times a week or even daily (The Tatler, The Guardian, and The Spectator). Unlike some other German moral weeklies, Der Patriot had an independent editorial team that did not simply translate English counterparts but instead selected and developed its own topics. Many German scholars and writers contributed to Der Patriot, but all published their articles under pseudonyms. Their true identities were not revealed until three years after the last issue was published. “In the course of the seventeenth and especially the eighteenth centuries, Hamburg’s press evolved from a mere supplier of information to a vehicle of public opinion. During the first half of the eighteenth century, Hamburg’s growing print culture was closely connected to the development of the city’s enlightened reform movement, embodied in the first Patriotic Society (1724–1726). For example, Hamburg’s own moral weekly, Der Patriot, a product of the Patriotic Society, informs both the rise of periodical press and the spread of enlightened ideals. Modeled on British periodicals, The Tatler and The Spectator, Der Patriot contained instructive essays on a variety of subjects, generally articulating middle-class norms and values. By appealing to a wide audience and disseminating useful knowledge and enlightened philosophy, such journals aimed to reorient the reader’s moral outlook and lifestyle, in particular to raise the intellectual and moral standards of its readers. Hamburg’s Der Patriot ran from 1724 until 1726, and was so popular that it was published in book form several times between 1728 and 1765. It was the most influential of the German moral weeklies. Der Patriot, seeking to enlighten and influence the morals of its readers, set itself in direct competition with the church. Aiming to “root out or at least expose all ridiculous or dangerous actions, mistakes, abuses and harmful habits through the orderly use of human reason,” Der Patriot's elevation of reason over faith angered Hamburg’s strong orthodox Lutheran church, which initiated a “pamphlet war” denouncing the journal. Der Patriot found both a multitude of detractors and supporters; roughly thirty-five pamphlets against and twenty-one in favor of the periodical appeared. This ‘battle of the pens’ certainly encouraged popular interest in Der Patriot and caused the publisher to print six thousand copies instead of the four hundred initially planned, reflecting both an expanding readership and growing popular interest in Enlightenment tenets. Der Patriot, furthermore, reflects the republic’s civic morality as it strove to promote the common good. If its attitude toward Hamburg’s governance was generally positive, it openly presented concrete proposals for improvement in the republic as well as the dangers of extravagance and excess, the loss of civic-mindedness, and political apathy. Indeed, Der Patriot asserted both the right and the duty of Hamburgers to speak out on any question regarding the welfare of their city-state.” (Aaslestad, Place and Politics).

Kiöbenhavn, uden ang. af trykker, 1755-80. 4to. 11 samt. ensartede hellæderbind af flammet kalv. Rig rygforgyldning og ophøjede bind på rygge. Tome-og titelfelter i skind. Forgyldte bordurer på permer. Kapitæler på nogle få bind bind lidt slidte, nogle hjørner lidt stødte. 10 kobberstukne titelblade og 1 bogtrykt. Trykt på svært skrivepapir. Indvendig ren og frisk. Pragteksemplar af "Fundationerne" som har tilhørt Adam Gottlob Moltke til Bregentved og til hvem flere af bindene er dediceret. På alle for-og bagpermer er Moltke's store forgyldte, kronede hjerteskjold. Komplet eksemplar af Hans de Hofmans store værk, som indeholder en del plancher i form af portrætter, kort og genealogiske tabeller, bl.a. portræt af Tycho Brahe, store vignetter m.m.

Lisboa, Officina de Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, 1803. Folio-oblong (365 x 255 mm). In contemporary half calf. Wear to extremies, upper part of spine with loss of leather. Ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. With, primarily marginal, brownspotting throughout. Dampstain to inner margin and upper outer margin of last 10 ff. 32 ff. Rare first edition of the most celebrated Portuguese treatise on calligraphy. Joaquim José Ventura da Silva (1777–1849), regarded as one of Portugal’s finest calligraphers and teachers of writing, composed this methodological guide to handwriting in which he combines a historical survey of scripts used in Portugal with practical instruction for teaching and learning penmanship.Ventura da Silva is reffered to by Innocencio (Diccionario Bibliographico) as "one of the best Portuguese Calligraphers". A second edition was published in 1819, a third in 1841, and a facsimile was published in Porto in 1899.

København, 1820 (Original work published St. Pétersburg, 1813) 4to (190 x 258 mm). In later half cloth. Gilt lettering and stamp to front board. Two stamps to title-page. Manuscript in brown ink by Danish Rear Admiral Lövenørn. Fine and clean with text in very good and legible condition. (6), 32 pp. + coloured manuscript map of Strait of Sunda. Copy of Krusensterns 1813-map. (590 x 460 mm) Danish Manuscript translation of Krusenstern's commentary to his of map of the Strait of Sunda and Batavia habour from 1813. We have been able to locate only one other copy of this work (also a Danish translation, from 1815, but lacking the map), manuscript and printed, in Danish, Swedish or Norwegian. Despite the fact that the Strait of Sunda was sailed relatively frequently by European sailors, Krusenstern's 1813-memoir is one of the earliest reliable pilots to this strait. From the present memoire: "Although a strait so important as that of Sunda, frequented every year by more than 50 European ships, ought to be (as one would naturally suppose) perfectly well known; notwithstanding which, after having examined the charts of these coasts reputed the best, I venture to say that I have been convinced that there does not exit one with which one can be entirely satisfied". Rear admiral Lövenørn became the first director of Royal Danish Nautical Charts Archive in 1784.

Zeneva [Geneva], Tipografiâ "Soûza Russkih' Social'demokratov", 1899. Small8vo. In the original printed wrappers. A very fine and clean copy. (1)-52 pp. Scarce first appearance of Lenin's important and influential analysis and commentary on the New Factory law of June 2nd 1897. Written by Lenin in Exile in 1897 and published two years later in Geneva, the present pamphlet marks the turning point for the Marxist movement in Russia: "The Marxist underground had won a remarkable moral victory [In lowering the working hours to eleven and half hour per day]. What had hitherto appeared as a harmless, even anachronistic doctrine in such a backward country as Russia, was now seen as a threat of intimidating dimensions." (Akimov, on the Dilemmas of Russian Marxism 1895-1903)."Despite continuous repression, which landed many experienced revolutionaries in exile, the movement helped provoke and organize massive strikes in St. Petersburg in 1896 and 1897, leading many manufacturers unilaterally to shorten the regular workday in their factories to eleven and a-half hour. The government extended this concession to the whole country in a law of 2 june 1897. Henceforth, however, the government would deal with strike instigators largely by administrative means, not in the regular courts. The Police Department would also pay far more attention to the labor movement" (Lieven, The Cambridge History of Russia, Vol. 2). The fact that the autocracy had been seen to capitulate to the demands of a section of the Russian people was something almost unique in Russian history. This lesson was not lost upon Lenin and in the present work Lenin pointed out repeatedly that it was only due to the determined initiative of the St. Peterburg workers that legal concession for all workers was secured: "It was only by struggle, by a conscious and staunch struggle, that the workers secured passage of this law. Only by struggle will they be able to secure the actual enforcement of the law and its enforcement in the interests of the workers. Without a stubborn struggle, without a staunch resistance of the united workers to every claim the employers make, the new law will remain a scrap of paper" (From the present publication).A major theme of Lenin's writings prior to 1905 was concerned with factory legislation, the present publication by far being the most important.

New York, Macmillan, 1924. 8vo. In the original cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Minor wear to extremities and hinges a bit weak, otherwise a very fine copy. (blank), X, (1), 394, (blank) pp. First edition of Commons' landmark work, in which he developed his 'theories of the evolution of capitalism and of institutional change as a modifying force alleviating the major defects of capitalism' (New Palgrave). Together with Thorstein Veblen and Wesley Clair Mitchell, Commons was one of the three founders of American Institutionalism.'He sought to demonstrate the importance for economic theory of collective action in all its varieties. These included not only the state but also a host of voluntary associations, such as the corporation and the trade union; in fact, collective action conceptually embraced all institutions, since Commons defined an institution as "collective action in control of individual action"' (IESS)'Although Commons' institutionalism had different emphases from that of Thorstein Veblen, for example, in that Commons stressed reform of the capitalist framework, they shared a view of economics as political economy and of the economy as comprising more than the market' (The New Palgrave, vol.1, p.506).John Rogers Commons (1862-1945) was an institutional economist and labor historian who became a significant contributor to most pieces of social and labor legislation in the 20th century. He was the first American economist and social scientist to dedicate himself to improving labor conditions, believing that labor injustice not only impacted workers, but also the stability of society.

Paris, Moutard, Panckoucke, 1780. 4to. Extract from "Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans", Tome IX. With titlepage to vol. IX. Pp. (2), (167-) 264 and 4 folded engraved plates. The memoir has also its own titlepage. Fine and clean. Wide-margined. First printing of this monumental memoir (the invention of the TORSION BALANCE) dealing with the best way to construct a magnetic compass. The paper contains the design of a torsion suspension declination compass and the demonstration that the forces of torsion is proportional to the angle of twist. Coulomb received the prize awarded by the Academy for this paper drafted by the Academy in 1777 (he shared the prize with Van Swinden). - "The importance of this memoir for Coulomb's career is that it CONTAINED ELEMENTS OF ALL HIS MAJOR PHYSICAL STUDIES: the quantitative study of magnetism, torsion and the torsion balance, friction and fluid resistance, and the germ of his theories of elasticity and magnetism."(DSB)."Coulomb’s first writings on torsion were presented in his Academy prize-winning memoir of 1777, "Recherches sur la meilleure maniere de fabriquer les aiguilles aimantées."......... his simple, elegant solution to the problem of torsion in cylinders and his use of the torsion balance in physical applications were important to numerous physicists in succeeding years. In chapter 3, Coulomb developed the theory of torsion in thin silk and hair threads. Here he was the first to show how the torsion suspension could provide physicists with a method of accurately measuring extremely small forces. He showed that within certain angular limits, torsional oscillation consisted of simple harmonic motion. He examined the parameters relating the angle of twist to the length, diameter, and elastic properties of the torsion thread. In the range of simple harmonic oscillation Coulomb demonstrated that the force of torsion was proportional to the angle of twist. He used this principle in measuring small magnetic forces and also called attention to its use in measuring other forces, notably those of fluids in motion. Eventually he was able to measure forces of less than 9 x 10-4 dynes.""Coulomb’s major memoirs in electricity and magnetism are his 1777 memoir on magnetic compasses, the famous series of seven electricity and magnetism memoirs read at the Academy from 1785 to 1791, and several magnetism memoirs prepared after the French Revolution. In his electrical studies Coulomb determined the quantitative force law, gave the notion of electrical mass, and studied charge leakage and the surface distribution of charge on conducting bodies. In magnetism he determined the quantitative force law, created a theory of magnetism based on molecular polarization, and introduced the idea of demagnetization (basically, that combinations of magnetic poles can "cancel" each other)."(DSB).Parkinson "Breakthroughs": 1777:P

Kiøbenhafn, Melchiore Martzan, (1647-) 1648. 4to. In contemporary half calf with four raised bands. Wear to extremities. Previous owner's name to pasted down front end-paper. Ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Two-line annotation in Latin dated 1712 to front free end-paper. First leaves with marginal dampstaining. F. 379 missing lower outer corner, but a leaf from another copy loosely inserted. Last 188 ff. depicting various flowers with annotations in contemporary hand and with occassional rudimentary handcoloring. With occassional marginal brownspotting throughout. (18), 3-393, (48) ff. + 376 full page woodcuts of plants on 188 ff., frontispiece, engraved half-title and 4 plates depicting the four seasons (complete). First edition of the first illustrated Danish Herbarium, a seminal work in the history of Danish botanical literature. The work is widely regarded as being one the most beautiful and lavishly illustrated Danish 17th century prints. The first part of this work was published in Copenhagen in 1648. The second part (containing the attractive four woodcut titles and plant woodcuts) was published at Antwerp by Plantin in 1647, the Danish printers not having the facilities or expertise to do the job themselves. Most of the woodcuts are taken from Clusius and L’Obel.Nissen BBI, 1497Birkelund, 50. Biblioteca Danica II, 188.Thesaurus 589.

Beograd, Izdavacka Knjizarnica Gece Kona, 1924. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Spine renewed, preserving most of the original spine. Ink stain to front wrapper. Previous ower's name to top of title-page. First leaves with a few underlignings, otherwise internally fine and clean. 198, (4) pp. Rare first Serbian translation of Marx's Das Kapital. Translator Mosa Pijade, a Serbian Sephardic Jew, were sentenced 20 years of prison in 1925 because of 'revolutionary activities', partly because of making the present translation. In prison he meet Josip Broz-Tito and Pijade became Tito s right hand, one of the leaders of Tito s Partisans during WWII and after the war the President of the Yugoslavian Parliament.During WWII Pijade became one of the leaders of Tito s partisans and after the war the President of the Yugoslavian Parliament between 1954 and 1955. In 1948, Pijade convinced Tito to allow the Yugoslav Jews to immigrate to Israel. The book was issued by Geca Kon (Géza Kohn), a Jewish publisher, born in Hungary, who owned the biggest publishing house in Yugoslavia, operating from 1901 until the occupation by Germany in 1941. After the Germans marched into Belgrade, Kon was arrested and shot. Most of his family, who were also active in the business, were taken to a concentration camp in Vojvodina and shot in the same year. OCLC only list three copies: University of Pittsburgh, Philosophical Faculty; Ljubljana and Zagreb City Library