Search Results

Paris, Pierre Gvillemot, 1632. 8vo. Cont. full limp vellum, remains of ties. Titlelabel in red leather on back, this with a small nick. Top of spine strenghtened with a strip of vellum. Engraved title with Neptun & Mars. (6),277,(10) pp., 28 half-page textengravings and 15 large wood-cut illustrations. A few scattered brownspots. A good copy. Second enlaged edition of this scarce treatise of fireworks for war and recreation. The work is divided in five sections: the first 56 pp. to war, pp. 57-146 to 'recreation' and pp. 147-277 to sundials, fortification, geometry and arithmetics. Of the English edition of 1629, Cockle says "This work, though in advance of anything so far written on the subject in English, does not attain to the standard of Thibourel and Appier. Yet it is with foreign treatises it must be weighed, for Malthus received his training in pyrotechnics abroad...It was Malthus who about the year 1634 introduced the mortar into the French service." - Klaus Jordan: 2328 (ed. 1629) - Chris Philip: M 040.3 - Cockle Nos 118 a. 939.

Kbhvn., L.A. Jørgensens Forlag, 1879. Folio. Samt. hldrbd. Grønne shirt. permer med blindtrykt ramme og forgyldning. Ryg lidt slidt.. 61+ 35 + 8 tavler + 2 unumm.. Alle håndkolorerede. Nummereret I-LV (LIV-LV mrk. supplementtavle), + 2 unumm. + 1.ste.suppl. 1-35, + 2det.suppl. 1-8. Ialt 106 håndkolorerede plancher, med lidt brune pletter her og der. Værket er komplet med de to unumm. tavler. Anker No 250.

Iena und Leipzig, Christian Ernst Gabler, 1796 & 1797. 8vo. In contemporary mabled paper covered boards with paper title-label to spine. Extremities with wear and capitals and hinges missing some of the marbled paper. Previous owner's name in contemporary hand to front free end-paper and title-page. Internally fine and clean. (24), 229, (1, -errata); (2), 269 pp. The rare first edition of both volumes of one of Fichte's most important and influential works.Fichte begins his fundamental "Foundation of Natural Rights" with his famous theories of self-consciousness and on the basis of this develops his system of ethical idealism, which came to greatly effect early 18th century thought."In the history of philosophy, Fichte's thought marks a crucial transitional stage between Kant and post-Kantian philosophy. Fichte radicalized Kant's thought by arguing that human freedom, not external reality, must be the starting point of all systematic philosophy, and in Foundations of Natural Right, thought by many to be his most important work of political philosophy, he applies his ideas to fundamental issues in political and legal philosophy, covering such topics as civic freedom, rights, private property, contracts, family relations, and the foundations of modern political organization." (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy)(See PMM 244)

Strassburg, Trübner, 1881. 8vo. Entire volume (V. Band), bound in a nice contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Stamps to title-page and old crossed-out numberings. Otherwise a fine and clean copy. Pp. (31) - 56. [Entire volume: (4), 436 pp. + 2 plates). Scarce first edition of this milestone paper on vitamin research, which constitutes "the starting-point of modern research on vitamins" (G&M), being the first documentation of the existence of dietary factors of the nature of vitamins. In spite of its groundbreaking character, Lunin's discovery passed almost unnoticed and his foundational conclusions did not convey further investigation until years later. "In 1880 Lunin showed that a synthetic milk diet inhibited the growth of animals. Little attention was paid to this discovery." (PMM 404). It was not until Hopkin's 1912 milestone paper ("Feeding Experiments...") that the scientific explanation of Lunin's observations was produced."It is now generally agreed that the first clear evidence, based upon experiment, for the existence of dietary factors of the nature of vitamins came from the school of Bunge at Basel. In 1881 Lunin, one of the workers in that school, fed mice upon an artificial mixture of the separate constituents of milk: of all the constituents, that is, which were then known, namely the proteins, fats carbohydrates, and salts. He found that upon such a mixture the animals failed to survive and was led to conclude that "a natural food such as milk must therefore contain besides these known principal ingredients small quantities of unknown substances essential to life". Such a statement, already half a century old, when allowed to stand out clear and apart from a context which tended to bury it, seems to contain the essentials of what is believed today." (Hopkins, p. 213). "Working in Bunge's laboratory, Lunin prepared synthetic milk diets and showed that they lacked an unknown factor necessary for animal growth, and that animals cannot live on a chemically pure (i.e. vitamin-free) diet. This was the starting-point of modern research on vitamins." (Garrison & Morton). Garrison & Morton: 1042.See:Sir F.G. Hopkins: The Earlier History of Vitamin Research. In: Nobel Lectures. Physiology or Medicine. 1922-1941. Nobel Foundation, 1999.

Hamburg, 1827. Cont. black hcalf w. gilt back. Back somewhat worn w. mended crack to upper front-hinge. In nice recent slipcase w. black morocco-edges. A bit brownspotted, the first two leaves a bit heavier. W. the half-title, but without the dedication-leaves, ususally missing. The not common first edition of Heine's major work. Goedeke: VIII, 555:26.

Copenhagen, 1935-40. Bound in 2 solid hcalf (brown morocco). XXIV,90,105,96,119,105 pp. and all 200 fine colourplates. Extremities with traces of use. - The illustrations to Flora Agaricina Danica are both scientifically invaluable and superb examples of modern printing.

Berlin, Georg Reimer, 1857. 4to. Spine gone. Covers loose. In: "Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik Crelle/Borchardt", 54. Band. IV,388 pp. (Entire volume offered). Internally clean and fine. The memoir: pp. 115-155. First appearance of these groundbreaking papers on Abelian functions and hypergeometric series, introducing the use of cross cuts to define the n-fold connectivity of a surface and extending many of the ideas from his dissertation of 1851 (Grundlagen für eine allgemeine Theorie der Functionen einer veränderlichen complexen Grösse). "His famous theory of Abelian functions; the theory itself, ONE OF THE MOST NOTABLE MASTERWORKS OF MATHEMATICS."(DSB)"While four importent papers repeat many of the ideas in his dissertation, they are primarely devoted to Abelian integrals and functions. The fourth paper is the one that gave the subject its major development (Theorie der Abel'schen Functionen). All four were difficilt to understand; "they were a book with seven seals". Fortunately many fine mathematicians later elaborated on and explained the material."(Kline "Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times", p. 663)"His courses in 1855-1856, in which, he expounded his now famous theory of Abelian functions, were attended by C. A. Bjerknes, Dedekind, and Ernst Schering; the theory itself, one of the most notable masterworks of mathematics, was published in 1857." DSB)Abelian functions were studied by Abel and Jacobi; they are a generalization of elliptic functions. Building on the ideas introduced in his thesis, particularly that of a Riemann surface, Riemann developed a very powerful geometric theory that resolved a number of outstanding problems. This work established Riemann as an important mathematician, but it was not without controversy. Riemann made extensive use, without proof, of a variational principle called the Dirichlet principle. Weierstrass had his doubts about it, and after Riemann's death it fell into disrepute. This state of affairs eventually had fruitful consequences. Several mathematicians successfully found proofs of Riemann's results without using the Dirichlet principle, and the principle itself was given a rigorous proof in 1899 by Hilbert. The three other Riemann-papers (all in first edition) are: 1. "Allgemeine Voraussetzungen und Hülfsmittel für die Untersuchung von Functionen unbeschränkt veränderlichen Grössen", pp. 101-104. - 2. "Lehrsätze aus der analysis situs für die Theorie der Integrale von zweigliedrigen vollständigen Differentialen", pp. 105-110, with 4 textillustr. - 3. "Bestimmung einer Function einer veränderlichen complexen Grösse durch Grenz- und Unstetigkeitsbedingungen.", pp. 111-114.The volume contains further importent mathematical papers by Dedekind, Cayley, Lipschitz, Clebsch.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1857 M.

Lyon, Benoit Duplain, 1767. Small8vo. Uncut in 2 contemp. blue boards. Spine ends rubbed. Handwritten titles to spines. (6),327;(8),359 pp. and 2 large folded engraved maps (Carte de Kamtschatka - Carte des Isles Kurilski). One map loose. Old name on titlepageserased by ink. Small stamp to titlepages. The last 5 leaves in volume two having a fain brownspot filling the lower margins, otherwise internally clean and wide-margined. First French edition of one of the fundamental texts of Siberian scholarship. With detailled accounts of the zoology, geography and botany of the region as well as on the language and culture of the Itelmen and Koryak peoples.

Leibzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed and light wear to spineends. In "Annalen der Physik", Vierte Folge, Band 23. VIII,1000 pp. a. 4 plates. (The entire volume offered). Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. Stamps on titlepage (Allgemeine Electricitäts-Gesellschaft a. AEG Forschungsinstitut). Internally clean. First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' (see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 4 pp.323 for examples). However, in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' [the offered paper] which predates the former mentioned by six months, Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade, pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper, 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2, and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content, e.g., that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' [the offered paper] Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein "Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"", pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18. Further with 2 importent papers by Max v. Laue.Collected Works, Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19.

[No place or printer], 1861. Small folio. Bound in contemporary half vellum. Dampstaining in top corner throughout. Binding slightly loose. Pp. 48 + 5 folded tables. Rare first edition (only?) of Neapolitan police inspector Angelo Falangola's account of a plea made on behalf of imprisoned debtors for an amnesty.This most likely unprecedented legal action is documented in detail, reprinting the correspondence between Falangola, different legal instances and Garibaldi's permission to free the debtors.During the height of the final battles for Italian unity and against the remnants of autocracy in Southern Italy, when Garibaldi figured as 'Dittatore dell'Italia Meridionale Generale Garibaldi,' the Neapolitan inspector of the police Angelo Falangola made a plea on behalf of imprisoned debtors for an amnesty, which was granted by Garibaldi, after a collection of money had been carried out in all Neapolitan provinces in order to raise money as a guarantee for the debts. Falangola here presents a documentation of the history of this amnesty, the legal and financial wranglings, including tables of the debtors, the amount of debts and the creditors. The amnesty was given during the famous Expedition of the Thousand; an event of the Italian Risorgimento took place in 1860. A corps of volunteers led by Giuseppe Garibaldi landed in Sicily in order to conquer the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, ruled by the Bourbons.The project was an ambitious and risky venture to conquer, with a thousand men, a kingdom with a larger regular army and a more powerful navy. The expedition was a success and concluded with a victory that brought Naples and Sicily into the Kingdom of Sardinia, the last territorial conquest before the creation of the Kingdom of Italy on March 17, 1861.

London, Chatto & Windus, 1878. 8vo. Orig. full pictorial cloth, stamped in silver and black with silver lettering on back. Top of spine very slightly frayed, edges with very light wear, a small spot on frontcover. Halftitle. XII,200 pp., 16 plates with many figs. (numb. 1-15 a. 1 unnumb.). The halftitle with a rather faint brownspot in outer margin, otherwise clean. First edition of this pyrotechnic classic. - "Despite having first been printed over 100 years ago this remains one of the greatest classic how-to-do-pyrotechnic books that have ever been written." (Chris Philip in A Bibliography of Firework Books, No K 010.1).The work has recently been printed again, and the publshers describe the work as "The famous Kentish book, a best seller for over 100 years".

(Lübeck & Rostock, Aswerus Krøgers Arfvinger & Laurentz Albrecht, 1598-99). Lille 8vo. Nær samtidigt helldrbd. over træ med spor af spænder. Ryg med brugsspor, men ganske velbevaret. Fællestitelbladet i rødt/sort med sammensat røskenramme. 2 andre deltitelblade. Del III indbundet før del II. Fol. 169-179 med teksttab i nedre hjørner, repareret og tilskrevet i gl. hånd. Lettere brugsspor, men velbevaret eksemplar. I: (8),243,(3) blade. - II: 76,(4),68,(5),19,(8),34,(1) blade - III: (4),165,(5) blade. (komplet). Det sjældne første optryk af Smiths berømte lægebog fra 1577, komplet med alle titelblade og særpaginerede dele (bortset fra omtalte teksttab). Der findes 2 varianttryk af denne udgave - dette tryk er tryk B, som bl.a. kendes på titelbladets røskenramme istedet for en stregramme. - Lauritz Nielsen Nr. 1509. - Thesaurus Nr. 269. - Bibliotheca Danica I:799.

Kjøbenhavn [Copenhagen], 1851. All three works bound together in a contemporary green half cloth binding with a large printed paper label to spine (reading "Clara Raphael). Inner hinges a bit weak. Wear to upper capital and remains of varnish to spine. First quire of Clara Raphael with a damp stain and the first two works brownspotted. Old owner's signature to front free end-paper. Scarce first edition of the first feminist novel in Denmark, the highly controversial and influential "Clara Raphael", which is the work that sparked the battle for women's rights in Denmark. Bound together with one of the most important responses to it from the same year as well as Fibiger's "A Visit", also from 1851, which is Fibiger's defence against the many accusations against her following the publication of "Clara Raphael", directed at her women readers. Fibiger’s novel caused enormous controversy. The intellectual elite was in uproar. Within the first year of its publication, ca 25 responses to it were published in newspapers and periodicals and ca 10 brochures and pamphlets pertaining to it. The novel caused vexation in all political camps. The demands for equality between the sexes were scrutinized in all regards, and many politicians began singing the praises of “the woman of the home”. It is in this strain of thought that the famous author of children’s books, Julius Christian Gerson, wrote his significant contribution to the feud, “Five Letters to Clara Raphael from a Young Wife”, also published in 1851. Using the pseudonym “A Young Wife”, he claims, in the voice of this fictitious woman, that Fibiger’s novel had violated the female gender and that the emotions and the striving that are presented as those most pertinent for the woman, are completely foreign to the true woman. He lets his fictitious female author praise herself for being “a young mother who wishes for nothing and wishes to be nothing outside of her circle.” The debate that arose following the publication of "Clara Raphael" was very harsh indeed, and the whole public debate was hard on Mathilde Fibiger. Her views were lost on almost all notable men of the period, but she clearly needed to defend herself. Thus, in the same year, she wrote another novel, also in the form of letters, “A Visit”, in an attempt to extrapolate on her views and defend herself. This novel, however, is not written in order to persuade the men of her views, but was directed at women, who would hopefully get to understand her views better. "Clara Raphael" is the main work of feminism in Denmark and the first Danish governess novel. It founded an entirely new genre of women's novels hitherto unknown in Denmark. The work, which constitutes the break-through of feminism in Denmark, was greatly controversial and immediately caused great furore. It resulted in the so-called Clara Raphael Dispute, in which for instance N.F.S. Grundtvig defended Mathilde Fibiger. Due to the controversial contents of the work, Mathilde Fibiger published it anonymously, and only J.L. Heiberg (1791-1860, perhaps the most famous cultural persona during the Danish Golden Age. He played a more significant role than any other author or thinker during this period) is mentioned on the title-page, as the editor. No publisher had wanted to touch this highly controversial work, and it was only after the appearance of "Jane Eyre" that a publishing house dared take it on. As Mary Wollstonecraft had pioneered feminist philosophy with "A Vindication of the Rights of Women" from 1792 and argued for education as the means to liberate women, so Mathilde Fibiger surprised her Danish contemporaries with her groundbreaking novel "Clara Raphael. Twelve Letters", from 1851, in which she made the connection between the national-democratic movement and the liberation of women. With this book, which deals with the inequality of the sexes and the lack of possibility for women to develop themselves, Mathilde Fibiger became the first notable advocate of the emancipation of women in Denmark. It was not only the political controversy caused by the request of equality that made the book so extremely controversial, it was also the ability of the merely 20 year old author to clearly and precisely state and substantiate the essential problems. When reading the book, it is not difficult to see why it came to have the effect that it did, and why it caused the furor that it did. For instance, Clara Raphael, when despairing at the position of women in society, writes: "Our position in society is tragic, and why? What right does man have to suppress us? For subjugated we are, despite the chains being gilded." She understands that casting off these chains will be no easy matter, and that it will not only be a matter of politics, but also of consciousness and mindset: "When the peasants were granted their freedom, some of them wept, begging for permission to keep things as they had been." One of the beaming sentences of the novel is Clara's response to her friend when asked what she is actually fighting for: "I will fight and live for what I understand by the emancipation of women."Her hope of breaking with the existing patriarchal system of society required national and democratic self-awareness, which for her constituted a promise of freedom. In 1871, Frederik Bajer (1837-1922) and Matilde Bajer (1840-1934) founded the Danish Women's Society, the first women's organisation in Denmark. Mathilde Fibiger was one of the earliest members of the Society. When the Danish Women's Society was established, it did not demand female suffrage. It was not until 1906 that a majority of the members were in favour of making that demand the official policy of the Society. In Denmark, women were not allowed to vote in parochial church council elections until 10+3; not until 1908 were they allowed to vote in parish council and local council elections, and not until 1915 in the Folketing and the Landsting elections. It was not until then that women became fully-fledged citizens in a political sense.

Romae, Typus Manelphi Malephi, (1638) (Colophon). Small 8vo. Near cont. full calf w. richly gilt back. Gilt lettering on boards ("CANTORA" on front-board, "MAGIORA" on back-board). W. one intact and one partly preserved clasp. All edges gilt. Spine cracked, lower capital lacking leather, extremities a bit worn. Beautiful engr. t-p. (of procession). Printed in red and black throughout. About 2/3 of pp. w. musical notes, woodcut initials. T-p. mounted. About 10 leaves repaired w. (fairly small) loss of notes and text added in neat hand. A few leaves w. small marginal loss, affecting a few letters. (8), 444 pp. With ex libris of "Rob. de Billy". With printed dedication to Pope Urban VIII; the work gives information on how to conduct religious processions and rites musically, with numerous prayers and chants. Rare. Not in Brunet, not in Graesse.

London, Printed for W.B. and J. Churchill, 1706. 8vo. Nice contemporary brown full calf, very neatly rebacked. Title-page and second leaf strengthened at fore-margin. A bit of brownspotting to last quire, otherwise very nice. (4), 336 pp. First edition of this influential collection of Locke's posthumous works, in which we find the first printing of his highly important "On the Conduct of Understanding" (takes up the larger part of the volume, namely pp. (1) - 137), which he himself considered of the utmost importance. He had actually intended it to be the final and largest chapter of his "Essay", his seminal magnum opus which constitutes "the first modern attempt to analyze [human knowledge]" (PMM 164), but he did not completely finish it before his death (1704) and it thus didn't make it into the fourth edition of the "Essay", where Locke had planned to make it the greatest part and the concluding chapter. "In 1697, Locke had written to Molyneux: "I have lately got a little leisure to think of some additions to my book [the Essay], against the next edition, and within these few days have fallen upon a subject that I know not how far it will lead me. I have written several pages on it, but the matter, the farther I go, opens the more upon me, and I cannot yet get sight of any end of it. The title of the chapter will be Of the Conduct of the Understanding, which, if I shall pursue, as far as I imagine it will reach, and as it deserves, will, I conclude, make the largest chapter of my Essay." [Locke #847, vol. 6:87] The new chapter was intended as a new final chapter to be added to the 4th edition (1700) [Locke #231], but Locke did not complete it. It was published in 1706 by King and Collins and has often been reprinted, independently, with other works by Locke or with Bacon's Essays." (Attig, Locke Bibliography, Pennsylvania State University).Before his death, Locke had left instructions for his literary executors, Anthony Collins and Peter King. These instructions mentioned four works which did not see publication in his life-time, but which he felt deserved publication, among these were "On the Conduct of the understanding," "Seeing all things in God," and "A Discourse on Miracles", which were all published for the first time in the present collection of "Posthumous Works". As will be seen from the title-page, the collection also contained the unfinished "Fourth letter for toleration", some notes for a biography of the first Earl of Shaftesbury, and an English translation of "Méthode nouvelle de dresser un recueil". All these posthumous works were included in the collected edition of Locke's "Works" from 1714 as well as in all subsequent editions. The work of the greatest consequence included in this collection is no doubt "Of the Conduct of Understanding" which takes up more than a third of the volume. It became one of Locke's most read and popular works; during the 18th century alone, it was printed no less than 8 times and is now, as it were, considered a most important part of Locke's writings and an essential part of all collections of Locke's works. It was first published separately in 1754.

Cambridge, 1880. 4to, entire issue present (Vol. III, no. 1). With the original printed wrappers. Uncut. Wrappers detached and with tears and loss to extremities. Backtrip gone. Stitching a bit loose. Internally nice and clean. Pp. (15)-57. [Entire issue 96 pp. + 2 plates] The scarce first printing of Peirce's important paper "On the Algebra of Logic", in which he broke with the Aristotelian semantics of classes and introduced modern semantics, allowing a class symbol to be empty (as well as to be the universe), and stated the truth values of the categorical propositions that we use today."This article holds a place of some importance in the history of formal logic and mathematics. In what is published here from the first chapter Peirce discusses that relationship between thinking and cerebration (or logic and physiology)." (The Essential Peirce: 1867-1893 v. 1: Selected Philosophical Writings, Indiana University Press, 1992, 200 pp.

Köbenhavn [Copenhagen], Einar Munksgaard, 1948. Royal8vo. Bound with the original front wrapper in a nice contempoaray half cloth with gil lettering to spine. In "Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica", Vol. 4. Entire volume offered. A very fine and clean copy, near mint. Pp. 285-96. [Entire volume: (2), X, 400, (2), 189 pp.]. First printing of Hald's seminal paper in which he first introduced antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism. Antabuse (also known as disulfiram) was the first drug to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of alcohol dependence. Today it is the most widely used drug to prevent alcoholism and it is estimated that some 120,000 persons throughout the world take antabuse each year."In 1945 Danish researchers observed that the substance caused very unpleasant physiological effects in persons who had consumed alcohol. A few years later this chance observation was turned into a profitable production of pills used to combat alcoholism (antabuse = anti-abuse)." (Kragh, From Disulfiram to Antabuse: the Invention of a Drug). The discovery of Antabuse was essentially an accident since it was intended to provide a remedy for parasitic infestations: "Copenhagen's Dr. Erik Jacobsen, 45, likes to try out new drugs on himself before giving them to his patients. One night before going to a dinner party he swallowed a couple of pills made of tetraethylthiuram- disulfide; they were supposed to be good for intestinal worms. To his surprise, Dr. Jacobsen found that any form of alcohol revolted him. When he sipped even a small glass of beer, his face got red, his heart started to pound, and he had trouble getting his breath." (Time, December 6, 1948)"Antabuse [trade name for disulfiram], a chemical which prevents the body from fully processing alcohol. It does this by blocking the action of aldehyde dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of ethanol, and thereby causing a build-up of the toxic by-product acetaldehyde, with extremely unpleasant consequences for patients. People with active disulfiram in their bodies experience flushing, nausea and high blood pressure soon after drinking." (Raikhel, Images from the history of disulfiram treatment) "The most important journal for the dissemination of knowledge concerning the actions of antabuse in the organism was the Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica, an international journal founded in 1945 and edited by Scandinavian scientists. The fact that it was published in Copenhagen and that Jacobsen was among the editors made it an ideal journal for publishing new research related to antabuse. For example, Vol. 4 of 1948 included two substantial papers by Hald and Jacobsen on the formation and action of acetaldehyde; and their collaborator Erik Rasmussen, a pharmacologist associated with Medicinalco, reported his investigations of the action of the antabuse-alcohol reaction on the blood circulation and respiration. (Kragh, From Disulfiram to Antabuse: the Invention of a Drug). Garrison & Morton no. 2091.

London, J. Bettenham, 1720. 8vo. Nice contemporary English Cambridge-style full calf binding with five raised bands and gilt title-label to spine. Neat minor repair to extremities. A bit of overall wear, but a nice and tight copy. Internally nice and clean with only some occasional soiling that is very light. Engraved title-vignette (36 - i.e. title-page + dedication), XXIV (i.e. "The Character of Mr. Locke" by Peter Coste), (2 - i.e. contents), 362, (18 - i.e. index), (4 - i.e. errata + advertisements) pp. + one plate ("The Solar System"). First edition of this important collection of hitherto unpublished works by Locke, containing the first printing of his unique work on Natural philosophy "The Elements of Natural Philosophy" as well as first printings of other important works. Assisted by Anthony Collins, in 1720 the journalist Pierre Desmaizeaux brought out a new collection of Works and pieces by John Locke that had not previously been published. This collection, "A Collection of Several Pieces", came to play a great role in the Locke scholarship, not least in recent times, and not least because it contains the first printing of his "Elements of Natural Philosophy"The "Elements of Natural Philosophy" constitutes Locke's main work in natural philosophy, and it is a work that pas puzzled Locke scholars and readers ever since its appearance. The work seems to need some further explanation; at a firsthand glance it doesn't look very much like Locke - the greatest of the English philosophers who has so frequently been accused of not understanding the exact sciences and who even encouraged the youth not to learn these but to educate themselves in superficial and useful party-conversation. Thus, numerous attempts have been made to establish the influence that resulted in this educational work of natural science. The two dominating answers to the question of influence are now: Newton and Descartes. It now seems to be fairly commonly recognized that Newton, a personal friend of Locke, even contributed directly to the work. "When Locke himself at the end of his life came to compose a treatise on natural philosophy for a pupil, we have reason to believe that he obtained the advice and help of the most brilliant scientist of the century, his close friend Isaac Newton. As we shall see, this unique educational work itself, "The Elements of Natural Philosophy", belies the myth of Locke the scientific smatterer." (Axtell, Locke, Newton, and the Elements of Natural Philosophy, p. 244). However, Descartes influence also seems to be obvious; "The influence of the "Principles" (by Descartes) is also obvious in Locke's posthumously published "Elements of Natural Philosophy". There is a striking similarity in the order of exposition, although there are also considerable differences: Locke carefully eschewed Descartes' "a priori" metahpysics of nature... We find him rather emphasizing the essential role of experience. For example, Locke introduced Newtonian universal gravitation as follows:... Thus, according to Locke empirical support was necessary to establish the law of nature. Although the exposition looks quite similar to Descartes' "Principles", the "Elements" in fact contain several anti-Cartesian remarks in favour of the experimental philosophy." (Aoki, Descartes and Locke on the Nature of Matter. In: Hutton and Schuurmann edt., Studies on Locke, p. 77)."Elements of Natural Philosophy" was printed in no less than nine times during the 1th century and appeared in both Russian and French during the 18th century as well.The present "Collection of several Pieces" furthermore included a collection of letters from Locke to Anthony Collins, "Remarks upon some of Mr. Norris's Books...", "Some Thoughts concerning Reading and Study for a Gentleman...", and "Rules of a society...", all printed here for the first time, as well as an English translation of Coste's Eulogy ("The Character of Mr. Locke", originally published in French in 1705), and reprints of "The fundamental Constitutions of Carolina" and "A Letter from a person of Quality..."."Remarks upon some of Mr. Norris's books..." is the third of Locke's replies to Norris. "Some thoughts concerning reading and study for a gentleman" constitutes Locke's reply to Samuel Bold's question, on behalf of a parishioner, on how to create a course of reading and study. "Rules of a Society" constitutes the rules that Locke set up for a small group of friends who met once a week to discuss "useful Knowledge" and to promote "Truth and Christian Charity". Throughout his life Locke created several of these "societies", one of which led to his "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding", another one being "The College" in London after the Revolution.

Stockholm, Lars Salvius, 1751. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine forming 6 compartments. Ex-libris (Romare) pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Corner bumped and boards with scratches. Internally brownpotted. (10), XIV, 434, (34) pp. + 1 folded map and 6 plates and numerous woodcuts in text. First edition, second issue, with “Gödselen” on p. 26 (indicating the second issue). The present work not only describes his botanical observations but also includes reflections on the region's natural history, culture, and landscape. “Linnaeus’ research work during his mature years began with trips to various Swedish provinces. By order of the parliament, which wanted an inventory of all the natural resources of the country, during three summers in the 1740’s Linnaeus traveled through selected areas to describe them and to search for dyestuffs, minerals, clay, and other economically useful substances. His reports of these expeditions were published as Ölandska och gothländska resa (1745), Västgöta resa (1747), and Skånska resa (1751), all written in Swedish. Nothing escaped his attention on his travels on horseback—plants and insects, runic stones and other ancient remnants, farmers working in the fields and meadows, the changes in the weather. His prose style was simple and strong, sometimes rising to lyrical outbursts or spiced with effective similes.” (DSB)"Baron C. Hårleman, who had borne the expenses of Linnaeus's expedition to Skåne, had the chance to see the proofs to at least the beginning of the SKÅNSKA RESA. There he read (on p. 26) with indignation that Linnaeus gave his blessing to the old Swedish custom of cleaning the ground by setting fire to the stubble ("svedjande" - a practice that he himself had condemned in print). Linnaeus decided to have a new version printed in which the offended passage would be replaced by some innocuos observation on manure ("Gödselen"). A fold was therefore printed as part of the final sheet of the book with an article on "Gödselen" instead of the article on "Svedjor". The binder was supposed to cancel the fold with the article on "Svedjor" and replace it with the inner fold from the final sheet. In very few copies this was not done." (Björck & Börjesson Cat. 512). Hulth P. 81.Soulsby 210

Basel, (Iohnnes Oporinus, 1548 - on colophon). 8vo. Contemporary full limp vellum. A bit of soiling and light brownspotting to title-page, otherwise very nice and clean. The printer's name has been removed from the colophon, causing two small holes, which have been neatly repaired from verso. Two small holes corresonding to these to the second-last leaf, causing loss of a couple of letters. All in all a very nice copy. Woodcut initials. (16), 297, (6 - Life of Aristotle) pp. The scarce first edition of leading French Humanist Catholic Gentian Hervet's important translation of Alexander's hugely influential "Quaestiones", presumably with this fourth part (which is not the "De Fato" as in other Renaissance editions) for the first time in print. Hervet's edition of Alexander's "Questiones" came to have a profound influence on the development of Renaissance Aristotelianism. The "Questiones" had appeared earlier, e.g. in 1541, and were by no means unknown to Renaissance thinkers at the time, but Hervet was an authority of a certain character, which meant that his edition was both read in a certain light and preferred by a great deal of thinkers. Furthermore, it seems that the 4th part, being 30 answers to the traditional 69 questions, here appears for the first time in print, making this a very important edition. In addition to the first three parts, it became customary to add a fourth part to Alexander's "Questiones", but that traditional fourth part was his "De Fato", and not as here the 30 solutions. It is worth noting that Hervet had in fact already translated Alexander's "De Fato", which he published in 1544. Alexander's, also known as simply as "The Commentator", impact upon the development of philosophy can hardly be overestimated, and his various "Problems and Questions", all aimed at establishing the views of Aristotle, came to influence all reading of Aristotle in the Renaissance. "He was read in the classroom of Plotinus, who probably drew on him to a greater extent than we will ever be able to tell; and when later Platonists show themselves critical of Aristotle's arguments, they can often be shown to attack Alexander's interpretation of Aristotle rather than Aristotle himself. The physician Galen, whose logic, epistemology and physics bear a distinctive Peripatetic stamp, chose to disagree with Alexander on, for instance, issues of dynamics and psychology." (p. 244).Although his "Questions" were aimed at understanding the views of Aristotle, he established the views of the Stagirite in a version updated to take account of Stoic and other alternatives, as the best and most defensible current (i.e. 2nd-3rd cent.) ideas on their subjects. "For Alexander, the inspired genius of Aristotle's writings was a sufficient basis, if they were properly interpreted, explicated, and fleshed out, to resolve with complete satisfaction all the questions debated among philosophers of varying schools in his own time." (Cambr. Comp.). In his seminal "Questiones", he quarrelled with both Platonism and Stoicism in his attempts to develop Peripatetic answers to questions Aristotle had not dealt with in any detail.It is a curious but generally accepted conception that with the rise of the Renaissance came the fall of Aristotle. Weather this is actually true can be disputed, but it is a fact that with the recovery of many lost works of ancient literature, the widening of the range of classical studies and the renewed interest in Plato, Aristotle was no longer the sole authority on a huge number of fields. That this should mean a total ignorance of the teachings of Aristotle must be considered somewhat of a myth (though a very frequently repeated one), and in fact with the grand humanists of the late 15th and early 16th century, the study of Aristotle fits perfectly with the broader comprehension of scholarship. The great humanists like Ficino, Pico and Pomponazzi had not forgotten about Aristotle, and the revival of learning did not mean the neglect of the prince of philosophers. On the contrary, with the appreciation of the knowledge of Greek and the invention of the printing, works were being translated and printed like never before, which meant that the greatest of the humanists, many of whom did not themselves know Greek, could be acquainted with the Greek texts of Aristotle and the Greek commentaries of "The Commentator", Alexander of Aphrodisias, in Latin translation. "Equally important for the continued growth of the Peripatetic synthesis was the recovery and diffusion of the Greek commentaries on Aristotle. These treatises, about ten times longer than the works they discuss, were written by pagans and Christians, Platonists and Peripatetics in late antiquity, between the second and seventh centuries in the Greek world of the Eastern Mediterranean, and then again in twelfth-century Byzantium. The most important of the two dozen commentators were Alexander of Aphrodisias, Ammonius, Simplicius, Themistius and John Philoponus. Of these five, only Alexander and Themistius were Aristotelians..." (Copenhaver & Schmitt, p. 68).One of the most important of these Renaissance Humanists, who with his translations helped spread the knowledge and understanding of Aristotle and his commentators, was Gentian Hervet, who came to play a dominant role in the course of 16th century thought. "Gentian Hervet (d. 1584) was a committed churchman, who after studies in the universities of Orleans and Paris lived in the household of Reginald Pole, later to become Archbishop of Canterbury and Cardinal, at first in England then - as Pole had, because of the Reformation, to leave England - in Padua, Venice and Rome. Hervet took part with Marcello Cervini (later Pope Marcellus II) in the first sessions of the Council of Trent. He returned to France in 1555 as vicar general to the bishop of Noyon and wrote pamphlets against the Huguenots. In 1561 he entered the service of the Cardinal of Lorraine, Charles de Guise, whom he accompanied to the third period of the Council of Trent (1562-3). In 1564 he took part as canon of the cathedral in the provincial council of Rheims, in which the cardinal published the decrees of the Council of Trent. About the time of his activity in the Council of Trent the focal point of Hervet's translations shifted. He translated not only the Greek Fathers of the Church, but in addition, under the influence of academic scepticism as represented also by Reginal Pole, Sextus Empiricus' "Adversus Mathematicos" (Paris, 1569). He had long been active as translator of works connected with the Aristotelian philosophy. During an earlier sojurn in Rome, he published a number of philosophical texts which concerned the controversies surrounding Pietro Pomponazzi. In 1544 he translated into Latin Aristotle's "De anima", together with the commentary of Johannes Philoponus. There followed translations of Alexander of Aphrodisias's "De fato" (1544) and "Quaestiones naturales et morales" (1548) and of Zacharias Scholasticus's "Ammonius: Dialogus quod mundus non sit Deo coaeternus" (1546). In these works Hervet described those who denied the immortality of the soul as atheists and as opponents of Aristotle and his commentators." (Lohr, p. 36). "Since the Renaissance had to discover or rediscover the tools of philology and history needed for such detective work, the pioneering labours of obscure humanist scholars - Gentian Hervet, who translated sextus, or William Canter, who first published a Greek text of the "Eclogae" of Stobaeus - certainly deserve our memory and admiration. It was they who first edited, organized, translated, printed, and disseminated the philosophical remains of antiquity that succeeding centuries have come to take for granted. If Thales and his successors were the fathers of Western philosophy, the humanist scholars of the Renaissance were the midwives of its rebirth in a classical form." (Copenhaver & Schmitt, p. 18). Adams A:678; Graesse: I:69.

Frankfurt, G. Schönwetter, 1652. Folio (335 x 203 mm). Three volumes bound in one contemporary full vellum bindings with title in contemporary hand to spine. Binding with some miscolouring and a bit of wear. Title-page with a few dots and light soiling, otherwise a fine and clean copy. 141, (7), (4), 183, (7), 176, (3) pp. 151 engraved plates included in the pagination. Pp. 171-172 in vol. 2 copied in contemporary hand. Later edition of Typot’s famous and beautifully illustrated work on emblems. The designs of the emblems were compiled by Ottavio Strada, antiquarian to Emperor Rudolf III, and were reproduced by the engraver Aegidius Sadeler - Typot wrote the Latin commentaries. The extensive work covers a broad array of subjects such as popes, emperors, kings and The Santa Eucharista.

(1850). 4to. Disbound. Fine copy. pp. 423-436 + 2 plates. First printing of the groundbreaking paper that constitutes the starting-point of neuron theory, Waller's pioneering work on the nerves of the frog's tongue, which led him to the discovery of "Wallerian Degeneration". "In a short life span of 54 years, of which a little more than 10 years were spent on research, Augustus Volney Waller offered epoch-making contributions to the understanding of the structure of the nervous system. Waller's pioneering work marked the starting point for the neuron theory and provided an ingenious technique for studying neuroanatomical pathways and connections." (Venita Jay, Augustus Volney Waller)."Waller showed that if glosso-pharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves are severed, the outer segment, containing the axis-cylinders cut off from the cells, undergoes generation, the central stump remaining intact for a long period. From this he inferred that nerve-cells nourish nerve-fibres." (G&M: 1266)."To every student of pathology, Waller's name is synonymous with ''Wallerian degeneration.'' Using a simple technique of cutting the nerves of a frog's tongue, Waller found that the distal stump would soon degenerate, while the proximal stump remained relatively intact. From his observations, the astute Waller inferred that nerve cells nourished the nerve fibers. This important work, entitled ''Experiments on the Section of the Glossopharyngeal and Hypoglossal Nerves of the Frog and Observations of the Alterations Produced Thereby in the Structure of Their Primitive Fibers,'' was published in the "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" in 1850. Waller's finding that the proximal stump and the cell body did not degenerate was subsequently modified with application of better staining techniques." (Venita Jay).Garrison & Morton: 1266 ("The "law of Wallerian degeneration". The experiments recorded in the above paper were the starting-point of the neuron theory." ...).

Dated "14.2.29" (poststamped "15.02.29"). Postcard depicting Hohenluftort Königsfeld, 763 m ü. M. bad Schwarzwald, with 12 handwritten lines on the verso as well as the address, all in Max Born's hand and signed "Max Born". This lovely postcard written by Max Born at the height of his career, for his grandson, is in German and reads thus: "Lieber Puzl,/ Ich gratuliere Dir sehr herzlich/ zum Geburtstag und hoffe, dass/ Du recht viel geschenke kriegst./ Grüss Deine Eltern Gustav und/ Gritli, auch alle andern Bärrchen/ und deine Geburtstagsgäste./ Dein Opapa/ Max Born./ Sage Omama Hedi, sie soll mich/ mal gelegentlich hier telephonisch/ ausrufen. Die Nummer ist:/ Königsfeld Nr. 75." (I.e. Dier Puzl, I congratulate you on your birthday and and hope that you will recieve a lot of presents. Greetings to your parents Gustav and Gritli, and also to all other little bears and to your birthdayguests. Your grandfater Max Born. Tell grandma' Hedi that at some point she should call me by telephone. The number is: Königsfeld 75).This is a warm, lovely, peronal card from the pioneer of quantum mechanics, written at a crucial time in his career.

Stockholm & Upsala, Gottfried Kiesewetter, 1745. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with five raised bands. Wear to extremities. Parts of marbled paper to boards worn off and leather to lower compartment on spine missing. Previous owners names to pasted down front end-paper and leaf with dedication. Internally with light occassional brownspotting, but generally a good copy. (14), 344, (30) pp. + 2 maps and 1 plate. First edition of Linné’s famous account of his travels to Gotland and Öland in which his observations of the flora, fauna, and geological features of the two Swedish islands in the Baltic Sea was first presented. Ten days after Linné was appointed Professor at University of Uppsala, he began his expedition to the island provinces of Öland and Gotland with six students from the university to look for plants useful in medicine. First they travelled to Öland and stayed there until late June, when they sailed to Visby in Gotland. Linné and the students stayed on Gotland for about a month, and then returned to Uppsala. During this expedition, they found 100 previously unrecorded plants. Like his ‘Flora Lapponica’ it contained both zoological and botanical observations as well as observations concerning the culture in Öland and Gotland. Soulsby 202Hulth 44

Halle, Max Niemeyer, 1913. 4to. Orig. printed wrappers, uncut. Some wear to extremities of wrappers, capitals a bit worn, and spine a bit soiled, but intact, solid, and no loss of lettering. Old owner's name crossed out at tope of front wrapper. Internally very nice and clean. VIII, 323, (1) pp. The scarce first edition, off-print, of Husserl's second main work, his seminal "Ideas", which constitutes the founding text of Constitutive Phenomenology and the work, in which Husserl introduces his groundbreaking notion of "epoché". It was due to this work that he was able to secure himself the position as Professor in Freiburg (from 1916-1928).Although the work is called "Ideen I", there is no doubt as to its status as a separate work. Husserl did not publish his Ideen II and III in his lifetime, and they were only published posthumously, both in 1952. They have had none of the impact that the "Ideen I" had, and they are considered to be works in their own right too, although much less interesting.When Husserl published his "Logical Investigations" in 1900-1901, he changed the face of philosophy and founded the new philosophy of the 20th century: Phenomenology. In the Logical Investigations, Husserl began by attacking Psychologism and then went on to introduce his new philosophical method, which only then saw the light of day, and which only becomes fully developed later on. In 1900-01 he asks the question of the essence of the matter of perception as opposed to the form of perception. In his "Ideen", he extends his scope to include philosophy of the natural sciences, and he reflects thoroughly on the method of transcendental phenomenological epohé and reduction. He thus takes a new turn on conscious life and the pre-given status of it. This can no longer be accepted as something that exists in the world as the final guarantee for the world and the positive sciences of it. We must distinguish between the act of consciousness and the phenomena at which it is directed, in order to study the very structure of consciousness. All assumptions about the existence of the external world must be suspended, in order to achieve knowledge of the essences. It is this procedure that Husserl calls "epoché", and the constitutive phenomenology, which is founded in this work, is something that comes to characterize the rest of Husserl's works.Husserl is now famous as the father of phenomenology, and he decisively influenced the likes of Heidegger, Sartre, Carnap, Merleau-Ponty, Levinas, Ricoeur, Derrida etc. etc.