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[Lancaster], American Institute of Physics, 1939. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary full red cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Entire volume of "The Physical Review", Volume 56, Second Series, July 1 - December 15, 1939. "Development Department" in small gilt lettering to lower part of spine. A very fine and clean copy. [Feynman:] Pp. 340-43. [Bohr & Wheeler:] Pp. 426-50. [Oppenheimer & Snyder:] Pp. 455-59. [Entire volume: X, 1264 pp.]. First printing of three landmark papers, all of seminal importance in history of physics: Feynman's undergraduate thesis at MIT, the intricacies of the fission process, the groundwork for atomic and hydrogen bombs and the forgotten birth of black holes: The first theoretical description of a black hole, the production of a singularity when a sufficiently large neutron star collapses.First printing of "FORCES IN MOLECULES" - know known as Feynman-Hellmann theorem - is Feynman's undergraduate thesis at MIT, published when he was just twenty-one, which helped to establish his name in the world of physics. "This work treated the problem of molecular forces from a thoroughly quantum-mechanical point of view, arriving at a simple means of calculating the energy of a molecular system that continues to guide quantum chemists." (DSB). "As Feynman conceived the structure of molecules, forces were the natural ingredients. He saw springlike bonds with varying stiffness, atoms attracting and repelling one another. The usual energy-accounting methods seemed secondhand and euphemistic: [He demonstrated that] the force on an atom's nucleus is no more or less than the electrical force from the surrounding field of charged electrons-the electrostatic force. Once the distribution of charge has been calculated quantum mechanically, then from that point forward quantum mechanics disappears from the picture. The problem becomes classical; the nuclei can be treated as static points of mass and charge. Feynman's approach applies to all chemical bonds" (Gleick, The Life and Science of Richard Feynman, P. 54).Oppenheimer and Snyder's "ON CONTINUED GRAVITATIONAL CONTRACTION" constitute the very first theoretical prediction of a singularity when a sufficiently large neutron star collapses. This phenomenon was later to be coined as a black hole. "Had J. Robert Oppenheimer not led the US effort to build the atomic bomb, he might still have been remembered for figuring out how a black hole could form." (American Physical Society). The paper has by several physics historians been described as the forgotten birth of black holes. "Oppenheimer and his graduate student George Volkoff presented the first analysis of the formation of a neutron star in a 1939 Physical Review paper titled, "On Massive Neutron Stars". Oppenheimer wondered what would happen to a very massive neutron star. The Schwartzschild analysis of General Relativity has a theoretical limit, called the "Schwartzschild limit", when the ratio of mass-to-radius of a star is 236,000 times greater than the ratio for our sun. When this limit is exceeded, the Schwartzschild analysis does not yield a solution. Oppenheimer believed that a neutron star could have sufficient mass to exceed this limit. What would happen to it? Oppenheimer and his graduate student Hartland Snyder applied General Relativity theory to a star with sufficient mass and density to exceed the Schwartzschild limit. The Schwartzschild analysis assumed that the size of the star stays constant with time. Oppenheimer and Snyder found that they could achieve a real solution from General Relativity when the Schwartzschild limit is exceeded by assuming that the diameter of the star decreases with time. They presented their analysis in a 1939 Physical Review paper, titled, "On Continual Gravitational Contraction," which concluded with: "When all thermonuclear sources of energy are exhausted, a sufficiently heavy star will collapse. Unless fission due to rotation, the radiation of mass, or the blowing off of mass by radiation, reduce the star's mass to the order of that of the sun, this contraction will continue indefinitely." This analysis concluded that when the Schwartzschild limit is exceeded, the star must collapse indefinitely until it reaches a singularity having an infinite density of matter" (Bjornson, Singularity Predictions of General Relativity, P. 4).The Chandrasekhar / Eddington controvery in the mid 30ies did discuss the fate of neutron stars but the first thoroughly theoretical desciption was first published here. "THE MECHANISM OF NUCLEAR FISSION" is the first fully worked out theory of nuclear fission, which laid the groundwork for atomic and hydrogen bombs."Wheeler's technical mastery of physics is best seen in the classic paper of Bohr and Wheeler. Bohr and Wheeler wrote the paper in Princeton, where Bohr was visiting in the spring of 1939, a few months after the discovery of fission. The paper is a masterpiece of clear thinking and lucid writing. It reveals, at the center of the mystery of fission, a tiny world where everything can be calculated and everything understood. The tiny world is a nucleus of uranium 236, formed when a neutron is freshly captured by a nucleus of uranium 235. The uranium 236 nucleus sits precisely on the border between classical and quantum physics. Seen from the classical point of view, it is a liquid drop composed of a positively charged fluid. The electrostatic force that is trying to split it apart is balanced by the nuclear surface tension that is holding it together. The energy supplied by the captured neutron causes the drop to oscillate in various normal modes that can be calculated classically. Seen from the quantum point of view, the nucleus is a superposition of a variety of quantum states leading to different final outcomes. The final outcome may be a uranium 235 nucleus with a re-emitted neutron, or a uranium 236 nucleus with an emitted gamma-ray, or a pair of fission-fragment nuclei with one or more free neutrons. Bohr and Wheeler calculate the cross-section for fission of uranium 235 by a slow neutron and get the right answer within a factor of two. Their calculation is a marvelous demonstration of the power of classical mechanics and quantum mechanics working together. By studying this process in detail, they show how the complementary views provided by classical and quantum pictures are both essential to the understanding of nature. Without the combined power of classical and quantum concepts, the intricacies of the fission process could never have been understood. Bohr's notion of complementarity is triumphantly vindicated" (John Archibald Wheeler, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 154 (2010)).

Rio de Janeiro, 1946. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Wear to extremities. Upper part of spine with loss of paper and brownspotting to wrappers. Marginal brownspotting throughout. The rare first edition of Clarice Lispector's enigmatic second novel, her haunting O Lustre (“The Chandelier”), now recognized as a foundational work of modern Brazilian literature and a daring exploration of inner consciousness. In spite of now being considered one of the greatest modern authors, Clarice Lispector is a fairly recent discovery for most, and many of her most famous novels have only recently been translated into English for the first time. "Written in 1946, The Chandelier is a mesmerizing journey into the mind of a young woman struggling to make sense of her inner world. Clarice Lispector’s second novel, long overshadowed by her debut, is finally emerging as a key work in her development." (From the first English translation, 2018) Clarice (1920-1977), as she is usually called by her many fans worldwide, is one of the most intriguing and revolutionizing authors of the 20th century. After having been re-discovered in Europe, she is now compared to the likes of Joyce, Kafka, and Steinbeck. She was born in Ukraine, to Jewish parents, and moved to Brazil as an infant, amidst the disasters following WWI. She grew up in Recife and moved to Rio de Janeiro when she was in her teens. She was merely 23, when she published her first novel, "Near to the Wild Heart", which catapulted her into fame in her own country (Brazil). Following her marriage to a Brazilian diplomat, she left the country in 1944 and spent the next 15 years in Europe and the United States. She continued, however, to publish all of her writings in Brazil. Although immensely famous in Brazil, it was only after the Amrican writer Benjamin Moser published a biography of Clarice Lispector in 2009 that her works have become the object of an extensive project of retranslation, published by New Directions Publishing and Penguin Modern Classics, being the first Brazilian to enter the prestigious series. Moser characterizes Lispector as "the most important Jewish writer in the world since Kafka" and O Lustre—with its stream-of-consciousness narrative, recursive prose, and philosophical intensity—fully supports that claim. It is a novel that resists categorization, one that explores the flickering boundaries between self and world, light and shadow, thought and sensation. First published in Rio de Janeiro in 1946, O Lustre was initially met with bewilderment by critics, who found its nonlinear structure and experimental language difficult to digest. But today it is hailed as a milestone in Lispector’s literary evolution, a raw and luminous expression of her singular voice. "Her second novel is darker, denser, more abstract. But it is also the book in which her voice truly begins to break free, a shimmering, difficult, and uncompromising work." (From the English introduction, 2018) "The legendarily beautiful Clarice Lispector, tall and blonde, clad in the outspoken sunglasses and chunky jewelry of a grande dame of midcentury Rio de Janeiro, met our current definition of glamour. She spent years as a fashion journalist and knew how to look the part. But it is as much in the older sense of the word that Clarice Lispector is glamorous: as a caster of spells, literally enchanting, her nervous ghost haunting every branch of the Brazilian arts. Her spell has grown unceasingly since her death. Then, in 1977, it would have seemed exaggerated to say she was her country's preëminent modern writer. Today, when it no longer does, questions of artistic importance are, to a certain extent, irrelevant. What matters is the magnetic love she inspires in those susceptible to her. For them, reading Clarice Lispector is one of the great emotional experiences of their lives. But her glamour is dangerous. "Be careful with Clarice," a friend told a reader decades ago, using the single name by which she is universally known. "It's not literature. It's witchcraft." The connection between literature and witchcraft has long been an important part of the Clarice mythology. That mythology, with a powerful boost from the Internet, which magically transforms rumors into facts, has developed ramifications so baroque that it might today be called a minor branch of Brazilian literature. Circulating unstoppably online is an entire shadow oeuvre, generally trying, and failing, to sound profound, and breathing of passion. Online, too, Clarice has acquired a posthumous shadow body, as pictures of actresses portraying her are constantly reproduced in lieu of the original. If the technology has changed its forms, the mythologizing itself is nothing new. Clarice Lispector became famous when, at the end of 1943, she published "Near to the Wild Heart." She was a student, barely twenty-three, from a poor immigrant background. Her first novel had such a tremendous impact that, one journalist wrote, "we have no memory of a more sensational debut, which lifted to such prominence a name that, until shortly before, had been completely unknown." But only a few weeks after that name was becoming known she left Rio with her husband, a diplomat. They would live abroad for almost two decades. Though she made regular visits home, she would not return definitively until 1959. In that interval, legends flourished. Her odd foreign name became a subject of speculation-one critic suggested it might be a pseudonym-and others wondered whether she was, in fact, a man. Taken together, the legends reflect an uneasiness, a feeling that she was something other than she seemed. ... New subjects require new language. Part of Clarice's odd grammar can be traced to the powerful influence of the Jewish mysticism that her father introduced her to. But another part of its strangeness can be attributed to her need to invent a tradition. As anyone who reads her stories from beginning to end will see, they are shot through by a ceaseless linguistic searching, a grammatical instability, that prevents them from being read too quickly. ... "In painting as in music and literature," she wrote, "what is called abstract so often seems to me the figurative of a more delicate and difficult reality, less visible to the naked eye." As abstract painters sought to portray mental and emotional states without direct representation, and modern composers expanded traditional laws of harmony, Clarice undid reflexive patterns in grammar. She often had to remind readers that her "foreign" speech was not the result of her European birth or an ignorance of Portuguese. Nor, needless to say, of the proper ways women presented themselves. As a professional fashion writer, she reveled in her characters' appearances. And then she dishevelled their dresses, smudged their mascara, deranged their hair, enchanting well-composed faces with the creepier glamour Sir Walter Scott described. With overturned words, she conjured an entire unknown world-conjuring, too, the unforgettable Clarice Lispector: a female Chekhov on the beaches of Guanabara." (Benjamin Moser in The New Yorker). All of Clarice Lispector's works are scarce in the first editions - which were all printed in Rio de Janeiro - and hardly every appear on the market.

Paris, Baptiste Loyson, 1662 (+) Paris, Coube, 1657 (+) Cologne, Pierre Marteau, 1687. 8vo. In contemporary ful calf with four raised bands and gilt ornamentation to spine. Super ex-libris to boards. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Light wear to extremities, parts of gilting on spine worn off. Internally lightly browned and closely trimmed, occassionally touching letters. (10), 82, (12), 94, (4), 52 pp. Three early French plays, all first editions, from what is widely regarded as being the golden age of French playwriting. All are of the utmost scarcity and we have only been able to trace one auction-record, namely that of “Le Riche Mecontent” (Sold at “Early English Literature and Americana duplicates and selections from the Library of Henry E. Huntington”, 1920 - described as "Very scarce"). These plays are all examples of French comedy from the 17th century, a period marked by the flourishing of theater in France, particularly in Paris. This era witnessed the development of a distinct French theatrical tradition with an emphasis on comedic works. These plays incorporate satire, using humor, irony, or ridicule to criticize and mock societal norms, behaviors or specific social groups “Le Riche Mecontent” was written for Hôtel de Bourgogne, a theatre, built in 1548 for the first authorized theatre troupe in Paris, the Confrérie de la Passion. It was considered the most important French theatre until the 1630s, it continued to be used until 1783. Nicolas de Péchantré (1638 – 1708), author of 'Les Engagement' and 'Les Yvrongnes' obtained three times the laurel at the Academy of Floral Games, and acquired great popularity by his tragedy of Greta. Georges Vicaire, French bibliophile and bibliographer, attributed “Les Yvrongnes” to Péchantré. Brunet 1, 1800 (Le Riche Mecontent). Not in Graesse, Barbier or Tchemerzine.

Stuttgart und Tübingen, Cotta, 1827. 4to. In the original patterned paper boards, with contemporary handwritten paper-title to spine and old handwritten library paper-label to lower spine. Wear to extremities and lacking some paper at spine. Stamp to first title-page (general title-page for the wntire year) and stamp to verso of title-page for the front wrapper of the January-issue. A damp stain to the first two leaves, otherwise internally quite good. Bound with the general title-page for the entire year and with some of the original wrappers for the individual months (among these that of January). 1856 colomns (i.e 928 pp.). The extremely rare first printing of all twelve issues, constituting the entire first year, of the seminal organ for the philosophical school that developed around Hegel, namely the "Yearbooks for Scientific Critique", issued by Hegel himself, constituting the starting-point of this greatly influential journal of the Hegelian right. This entire first year, with its 12 issues, contains a wealth of highly important contributions, one being Hegel's own highly important review of Humboldt's lectures on the Bhagavad-Gita (delivered in June 1825 and 1826), "On The Episode of the Mahabharata Known by the Name Bhagavad-Gita", in which Hegel puts this Indian work in his large context of world history. Hegel's review, which appeared in two parts in the present publication for the first time (Jan., nos. 7-8, pp. 51-63 + Oct., nos. 181-88, pp. 1441-92) is now considered an extremely important document dealing with India. Humboldt's lectures had praised the Gita as the greatest, most beautiful, and presumably, the only real philosophical poem of all known literatures; Hegel's review was meant as a critical assessment of the Hindu world-view in toto in a comparison with European Weltanschauung.In 1818 Hegel took over Fichte's chair at the University of Berlin. With his great lectures on the different fields of philosophy, he soon became widely famous and an important school formed around him. This Hegelian school grew to be extremely influential from the 1820'ies and onwards. From 1827, "the Jahrbücher", founded by Hegel himself, began appearing, working as the official organ for this seminal school.

Paris, Udalricus Gering & Bertholdus Remboldt, 1508, March 8. (Colophon). 4to-format (recte 8vo). Later nice full calf binding (ab. 1900) with richly gilt spine and gilt borders to boards. Scratches to front board. Title-page repaired at margin (with very minor loss to ab. two letters on both recto and verso). Folio VIII and first leaf of index repaired at margin with early 16th century printed paper (no loss). Title-page and index-leaf with fairly heavy dampstaining, otherwise mostly faint dampstaining. Large beautiful woodcut printer's device and many beautiful woodcut initials throughout (the first depicting Adam and Eve). The very scarce second edition of Suberti's (or Subertus') Manual of pastoral visitation, also called the "de visitatine episcopali", an important tool for Renaissance priests.The work originally appeared in 1504, also printed by Remboldt and Gerin, but the present second edition of 1508 is of special interest, as it constitutes the very final collaboration of the two great printers. Ulrich Gerin, who is famous for being the first printer in Paris and the founder of the first printing office in France, began a partnership with the excellent famous printer Bertold Remboldt during the last decade of the the 15th century. Out of this collaboration appeared some excellent works (that are now sought after), and the partnership lasted till Gerin's death (ab. 1509). The last work that they did together was the second edition of Suberti's visitation manual, which appeared on the 8th of March 1508. After the death of Gerin, Remboldt continued on his own.Another edition of the work appeared in 1514. All three editions are scarce.Adams, S:2018.

Lausanne & Paris, 1916. Lex 8vo. Uncut in the orig. printed wrappers. Minor wear w. minor loss to capitals and corner of front wrapper, otherwise an exceptionally nice copy. A few pages w. underlining. Text-illustrations. 336, (1, -errata) pp. The first edition of Saussure's seminal main work, which marks a turning point in the history of linguistics and had a monumental impact on related fields such as philosophy, logic, sociology, literary theory, etc. Because of this work, Saussure is considered the father of 20th century linguistics, and the influence of his ideas on the development of linguistic theory in the first half of the 20th century can hardly be overstated.After having published his "Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles dans les langues indo-européenes" in 1878, Saussure did not publish another full-length work in his life-time, and his "Course in General Linguistics" is a summary of the three lecture-courses he gave on linguistics at the University of Geneva in 1906-07, 1908-09 and 1910-11. The work was published posthumously by two of his former students and based on lecture notes. In this monumental work, based on his lectures, Saussure sets out to examine the relationship between language (langue) and speaking (parole), both as the relation of a social phenomenon to an individual phenomenon, and as the relation of a system to the concrete use of this system. He determines that there is a structured system of common signs between the users of a language, and that language can be analyzed as a formal system of elements. These elements are signs, signs that again can be divided into expression (signifiant) and content (signifié). This theory of language has deeply influenced all later theories of language.With this work, Ferdinand Saussure (1857-1913) thus came to occupy a seminal place in the history of language theory. In this work he is strongly focused on creating a science of language, free of its former embedment in archaeology, psychology, and also -or perhaps especially- the history of language. And he succeeds. Before his work, linguistics had had been dominated by a historical, though also partly structural, understanding of language, but now, Saussure introduced and determined the purpose and meaning of linguistics, the universal science of language. With Sausurre, linguistics now became, not only the study of the history of languages and of the influences that determine the development of it, but also, and primarily, the study of language and the study of the manifestations of human speech, of what makes human speech possible.Thus, there is no doubt as to the monumental impact of this groundbreaking work, and almost all language theoreticians ever since have been deeply influenced by it. In Europe, the Prague School with e.g. Roman Jakobson and the Copenhagen School with e.g. Louis Hjelmslev, and in America, Leonard Bloomfield and his followers (later Noam Chomsky), were all influenced by Saussure's theories and based their formings of structural linguistics on his basic notions.Saussure's work reached much farther, though, and the principles of structuralism came to deeply influence thinkers such as Jacques Lacan, Claude Lévi-Strauss etc., etc.

Rome, minted in 82 BC. 20mm. 3.74 g. Avery nice specimen, with clear imprint and light rubbing. Obverse: Draped bust of Mercury right, wearing winged petasos; caduceus and control letter behind. Reverse: Ulysses standing right, holding staff in left hand and extending right hand to Argus; C•MAMIL to left, LIMETAN to right. Crawford 362/1; BMCRR Rome 2725; RSC Mamilia 6. A denarius of the Roman Republic featuring one of the very few references to Homer's Odyssey in ancient coinage. On the obverse is Mercury, a god very much propitious to Odysseus, easily recognizable by the winged petasos and the caduceus. The reverse depicts one of the most moving passages in literature, hardly matched to this day. In book XVII (290-327) Odysseus returns to Ithaca disguised as a beggar. His faithful dog, Argos, has been waiting for his return for 20 years. Ignored, abandoned by everyone, the dog is ridden with ticks and fleas, lying in a pile of manure. Odysseus is accompanied to the palace by Eumaeus the shepherd, who is unaware of the beggar's true identity. Odysseus recognizes his dog and is forced to hide a single tear that rolls down his cheek. He cannot greet the dog, as that would give away his identidy. Argos, after all those years, recognizes his master as well, but if he were to run to him it would most certainly cause his death by the suitors. Here Homer cannot do anything other than to end the life of Argos, otherwise the entire Odyssey would have been for naught. So Argos dies upon the vision of his master having fulfilled his life purpose: to await his return. It is also the moment that marks the end of the twenty year cycle since Odysseus left for the Trojan War, thus announcing the imminent closing of the Trojan Cycle itself. The denarius' reverse depicts the idealized moment of the scene where master and dog would be just about to meet and greet each other, but as we have seen, the reunion cannot happen. "There lay the hound Argos, full of vermin; yet even now, when he marked Odysseus standing near, he wagged his tail and dropped both his ears, but nearer to his master he had no longer strength to move. Then Odysseus looked aside and wiped away a tear. [...] But as for Argos, the fate of black death seized him straightway when he had seen Odysseus in the twentieth year." Mamilius Limetanus is one of the three moneyers for the year 82 BC. The moneyers, selected every year, were magistrates in charge of the production of coinage, and they were at liberty to determine the design of the coins, which were often deities and characters associated with their personal family history. Like most Roman Patricians, Limetanus claimed to be a descendant of a Homeric character, in this case, Odysseus—Julius Caesar's family, for example, thought themselves to be descendants of Aeneas. A wonderful specimen of this magnificent Roman denarius.

Istanbul, Nietzsche Hayatý ve Felsefesi, 1329 [1913]. 8vo. In later embossed full cloth binding with gilt lettering to spine. Last 10 leaves with a brown spot. Frontiespiece repaired with tape, otherwise a fine and clean copy. 127, (1) pp. + portrait of Darwin. Rare first edition of the first book on Darwinism, printed in Istanbul. The work in Ottoman language is a translation of "Wahrheit und Irrthum im Darwinismus" (The Truths and Mistakes of Darwinism) by Eduard von Hartmann (1842 - 1906), first published in 1875. The translator Memduh Süleyman, who also commented the book, considered the natural evolution the biggest mistake of the Darwinism. Memduh Süleyman (1889?-1920) was an important author and translator of the last years of the Ottoman Empire. His most famous work is a book on Nietzsche, "Nietzsche Hayat? ve Felsefesi", from 1912, which he co-wrote in together with Ahmet Nebil-Baha Tevfik-Memduh.The book was published amidst the Ottoman debate on the Darwinism. The first mentioning of the term was made in 1863 in a magazine Mecmua-i Fünun by Münif Pasha, who was at the time serving as a minister of education and did not believe, that the development of science would or should affect the religion. In the time of the publication of the present work, Darwin's works were not yet translated into Ottoman. The first translation of On the Origin of Species in the Muslim world, was only issued in Arabic in 1918 in Cairo. Translated were only the first six chapters. For more chapters were subsequently added in 1928.OCLC list three institutional examples (Leiden University Library, Library of Congress, Huntington Library, Art Museum, & Botanical Gardens).

London, W. Richardson, 1793. Cont. hcalf, professionally rebacked in old style with raised bands. orig. gilt title-label preserved. XVI,208 pp. Light yellowing to leaves, scattered brownspots. Front-and end-papers brownspotted. First edition of Dalton's first book. In chemistry Dalton was the founder of "The Atomic Theory" (A New System of Chemical Philosophy 1808-27) and with his "Meteorological Observations" and supplementary lectures he laid the foundation of modern meteorology, establishing the cause of air's homogeneity and formulating the law of partial pressures. In the attempt to give solid experimental bases for his studies, Dalton laid the foundation of future atomic theory, beginning an experimental inquiry into proportions of different gases in the atmosphere. (PMM p.157). - A.L. Smyth No. 1.

Washington, The Smithsonian Institution, 1936. 8vo. In recent red full cloth with gilt lettering to front board. Published as part of "Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Volume 95, Number 3, Publication 3381". A fine and clean copy. (2), 10 pp. + 11 photographic plates. First edition of Goddard's paper on liquid-fueled rocket development. Goddard is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket and is often referred to as the man who ushered in the Space Age (Pendray, Rocket Development). By temperament and training Goddard was not a team worker, yet he laid the foundation from which team workers could launch men to the moon" (DSB). Goddard was secretive about his research and only published two papers; "A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes" (1919) and the present. Goddard launched the first liquid-fuel rocket on 16 March 1926 near Auburn, Mass. The ten-foot rocket, nicknamed "Nell" reached an altitude of 41 feet, traveled a distance of 184 feet and landed 2.5 seconds after lift-off in a cabbage patch. "Although his list of firsts in rocketry was distuguished, Goddard was eventually surpassed by teams of rocket research and development experts elsewhere, particularly in Germany." (DSB)."Like the Russian hero Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and the German pioneer Hermann Oberth, Goddard worked out the theory of rocket propulsion independently [...] Having explored the mathematical practicality of rocketry since 1906 and the experimental workability of reaction engines in laboratory vacuum tests since 1912, Goddard began to accumulate ideas for probing beyond the Earth's stratosphere. His first two patents in 1914, for a liquid-fuel gun rocket and a multistage step rocket, let to some modest recognition and financial support from the Smithsonian Institution [...] With an eye toward patentability of demonstrated systems and with the aid of no more than a handful of technicians, Goddard achieved a series of workable liquid-fuel flights starting in 1926. Through the patronage of Charles A. Lindbergh, the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation, and the Carnegie and Smithsonian institutions, the Goddards and their small staff were able to move near Roswell, New Mexico. There, during most of the 1930s, Goddard demonstrated, despite many failures in his systematic static and flight tests, progressively more sophisticated experimental boosters and payloads, reaching speeds of 700 miles per hour and altitudes above 8000 feet in several test flights" (DSB).

Toulouse, Pierre Bosc, 1628 & 1639 & 1638. 8vo. In contemporary vellum with yap edges. Title in contemporary hand to spine. Light soling and miscolouring to extremities. Small repair to title-page, not affecting text. Light occassional brownspotting throughout. "Hydrographum spagyricum" evenly miscoloured. A good copy. 352; (8), 260, (12); (14), 276, (14); 132, (2) pp. Myrothecium spagyricum: 352 pp. only (lacking the second part of the work, "Insignes curationes variorum morborum, quos medicamentis chymicis jucundissima methodo curavit..."). An interesting sammelband of four of Fabre’s most important works. “Myrothecium Spagyricum” (Part 1 only as usual) being the first edition and the remaining three works being later editions. “Myrothecium Spagyricum” opens with an overview of Paracelsian spagyric medicine, which involves the chemical separation of substances into their fundamental elements, the first part of the book explores the essence of medicaments and their distinction from poisons. Subsequent chapters cover the quintessence of blood and the flesh of various animals like vipers, worms, toads, and crabs for distillation. Parts II and III elaborate on the extraction of the spirit from plants and minerals, including substances such as sulfur, vitriol, and antimony, detailing their characteristics and applications. Part IV delves into the utilization of chemical oils derived from simples and animals through the alchemical art of pyrotechnics. The succeeding sections address specific preparations. Part V concentrates on herbal waters, Part VI on syrups, Part VII on pills crafted from mercury, antimony, vitriol, and others, Part VIII on ointments, and finally, Part IX on electuaries. "Fabre, a native of Castelnaudary in Languedoc, was born in the latter part of the sixteenth century, and lived until 1650. He was a physician at his native place at Montpellier. He was also a voluminous writer, but his work has been judged unfavourably by different critics" (Ferguson).

Brunswick, F. Vieweg und Sohn, 1844. 8vo. 2 volumes bound in one contemporary half calf binding with gilt lettering to spine. Previous owner's stamp to front free end-paper. Light brownspotting throughout, especially to first and last leaves. XVI, 319, VIII, 301, (3) pp. + 1 folded map. Rare first German translation of Darwin's Journal of researches, now known as Voyage of the Beagle, constituting the very first translation of any of Darwin's works into any language. As Darwin later recalled in his autobiography 'The voyage of the Beagle has been by far the most important event in my life and has determined my whole career'. "On its first appearance in its own right, also in 1839, it was called Journal of researches into the geology and natural history etc. The second edition, of 1845, transposes 'geology' and 'natural history' to read Journal of researches into the natural history and geology etc., and the spine title is Naturalist's voyage. The final definitive text of 1860 has the same wording on the title page, but the spine readsNaturalist's voyage round the world, and the fourteenth thousand of 1879 places A naturalist's voyage on the title page. The voyage of the Beagle first appears as a title in the Harmsworth Library edition of 1905. It is a bad title: she was only a floating home for Darwin, on which, in spite of good companionship, he was cramped and miserably sea-sick; whilst the book is almost entirely about his expeditions on land." (Freeman)Freeman 176

London, Lockyer Davis, and Peter Elmsly, 1782. 4to. In recent marbled paper wrappers. Extracted from "Philosophical Transactions", vol. 71, read April 26, 1781. Including title-page of volume. Leaves reinforced in margin. (2), V-VII, 492-501 pp. + three folded plates. First edition of Herschel's seminal paper being the first recorded discovery of a new planet. Herschel's "discovery [was] unprecedented in human history. [...] Herschel's "new" planet demonstrated that there is much more to the universe - even to our tiny solar system - than the eye can discern on its own." (Lemonick, The Georgian Star).British astronomer William Herschel commenced "his first review of the heavens, in which he examined stars down to the fourth magnitude. In August of that year he began a second review, more systematic and extensive than the first, and concentrated on the discovery of double stars" (Dictionary of Scientific Biography)In March 1781, during his search for double stars, Herschel noticed an object appearing as a disk. Herschel originally thought it was a comet or a stellar disc, which he believed he might actually resolve. He reported the sighting to Nevil Maskelyne the Astronomer Royal. He made many more observations of it, and afterwards Russian Academician Anders Lexell computed the orbit and found it to be probably planetary. Herschel agreed, determining that it must be a planet beyond the orbit of Saturn. He called the new planet the "Georgian star" (Georgium sidus) after King George III, which also brought him favour; the name did not hold. In France, where reference to the British king was to be avoided if possible, the planet was known as "Herschel" until the name "Uranus" was universally adopted. The same year, Herschel was awarded the Copley Medal and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1782, he was appointed "The King's Astronomer" (not to be confused with the Astronomer Royal). Dibner 13Sparrow 157Norman 1058.

Erlangen, Andreas Deichert, 1872. 8vo. (233x152mm). Uncut with the original printed front-wrapper (loose) - back-wrapper missing. Fine and clean throughout. 48 pp. First edition of the "Erlanger Programm". For over two millennia geometry had been the study of theorems which could be proved from Euclid's axioms. However, in the beginning of the 19th century it was proved that there exist other geometries than that of Euclid. Motivated by the emergence of the new geometries of Bolyai, Lobachevsky, and Riemann, Klein proposed to define a geometry, not by a set of axioms, but instead in terms of the transformations that leave it invariant; according to Klein, a geometric structure consists of a space together with a particular group of transformations of the space. A valid theorem in that particular geometry is one that holds under this group of transformations. This controversial idea did not only give a more systematic way of classifying the different geometries, but also gave birth to new geometric structures such as manifolds. The Erlanger Programm was translated into six languages in the following two decades, and it has had an immense influence on geometry up to and throughout the 20th century. Scarce. Landmark Writtings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940, p.544-52.

Kiel, Schmers'sche Buchhandlung, 1848. 8vo. In the original blank blue wrappers. Provisional repair with tape to spine. Front-wrapper missing upper inner corner. Two stamps to half-title, title-page and verso of title-page. Upper outer corner of half-title missing, far from affecting text. Occassional brownspotting throughout. 34 pp. with a blank leaf inserted between every printed leaf (giving a total of 33 ff., including the blanks). The rare first printing of the drafting of the constitution by the provisional government for the Duchies of Schleswig-Holstein. In 1848 the Schleswig-Holsteiners decided to establish a provisional government and oust the Danish king. The subsequent war (1848-1851) achieved a status quo until a permanent solution between Denmark and Germany was reached in 1920. The 1848-1852 events in Schleswig-Holstein were a Danish-German confrontation. The underlying issues were complex: The kingdom of Denmark and the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein were component parts of the Danish Monarchy and were united in the person of the king/duke. Schleswig was a Danish fief, Holstein a member of the German Confederation. A 1665 law introduced succession through the female line in Denmark, with the survival of Salic law in the duchies held in abeyance. Schleswig had a strong Danish element in the north, Holstein was German. "With the extinction of the male royal line in the offing, Christian VIII declared in 1846 that the 1665 law applied to Schleswig and (with some reservation) to Holstein. Protests in the duchies had not been resolved, when in the wake of the February revolution the liberals in Copenhagen took over and moved toward the annexation of Schleswig. In defiance, the estates of Schleswig and Holstein set up a provisional government on March 24. Being composed of liberals and conservatives it obtained popular and official support in Germany, and with Prussian military support gained control of most of the duchies by midsummer. But then Britain and Prussia intervened, pressuring Prussia to make a truce with Denmark (at Malmö, August 26, 1848), a truce which caused a parliamentary crisis in Frankfurt. In a short time Schleswig-Holstein had become the national issue, and by acceding to the Malmö truce the Frankfurt Assembly severely damaged its political credit.Fighting resumed in 1849 and was ended by a July truce. After losing German military support, the duchies were defeated in the 1850 campaign. The government abdicated on February 1, 1851, and the Danish authorities took over a year later. In the final settlement the powers restored the Danish monarchy with the succession in the duchies to follow that of the kingdom (Second London Protocol of May 8, 1852). In separate notes the Danish government agreed to preserve the status of Schleswig and to abstain from steps leading to its incorporation. While the agreements restored the balance of power, the relations between Danes and Germans suffered, eroding popular sentiment for the Danish monarchy. Also Schleswig became a matter of outside concern, permitting Prussian intervention in the case of Danish non-compliance." (Ohio Univerty; Lawrence D. Steefel, Sleswig-Holstein Question).

Amsterdam, Hendrik en de Weduwe van Dirk Boom, 1681, 1664 & 1665. 4to. In contemporary full calf with four raised bands and richly gilt spine. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. A bit of wear to extremities. Back-boards with a few worm-tracts. Internally with a few worm-tracts in last part, overall a nice and clean copy. (4), 37, (3), 188, (4), 188, (4), 195, (5), 187, (5), 186, (6), 185, (11) pp. + portrait and 21 plates (out of 25). Rare dutch translation of Dalle Valle’s famous travel-account to Turkey, Egypt, the Holy Land, Syria, Iraq, Persia and India, being one of the earliest printed sources for the early history of the United Arab Emirates. Della Valle's writings and collections have made significant contributions to the understanding of the cultures and societies he encountered during his journeys and his account of his travels is today regarded as being of seminal importance not only for the history of the Middle East but of travel-literature in general.“His perceptive and detailed letters, enriched by the romance and poignancy of his devotion to his wife, together create one of the finest works of travel literature” (Howgego).The present copy being the second Dutch edition of part 1 (1681) and last 5 parts (1664 & 1665) all being first Dutch translations. Pietro della Valle embarked on his travels in 1614, departing from Venice, Italy. Over the course of his journey he visited numerous countries and regions, including the Middle East, India, and Persia. Della Valle's initial travels took him to the Middle East, where he visited places such as Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), Aleppo, Baghdad, and Jerusalem. He explored various cultural and historical sites documenting his experiences in letters and journals. After returning to Italy, Della Valle set out on a second journey in 1623, this time traveling to India. He visited cities such as Goa, Surat, and Agra, where he met with local rulers and learned about the culture and customs of the region. Della Valle also visited the court of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and witnessed the construction of the Taj Mahal. Following his time in India, Della Valle traveled to Persia (modern-day Iran). He visited cities such as Isfahan, Shiraz, and Persepolis, where he studied Persian language and culture. Della Valle's travels in Persia provided him with insights into the Safavid Empire and its society. Della Valle returned to Italy in 1628, bringing back with him a vast collection of artifacts, manuscripts, and cultural items. He spent the remaining years of his life in Italy, where he continued to write about his travels and share his experiences with scholars and intellectuals. Throughout his travels, Pietro della Valle documented his experiences through letters, journals, and other writings, which have provided valuable insights into the regions he visited during the 17th century. His accounts have since become important historical sources for scholars studying the cultures, societies, and geopolitics of the Middle East, India and Persia during that time period.

Hernösandesne, Carolen G. Nordinen Trykkeriast, 1811. 8vo. In modest contemporary half calf over marbled boards. Repair to hinges and head of spine. Ex-libris pasted on to verso of front board. Stamp to title-page and last leaf of text. Internally very fine and clean. A fine copy. (2), 687, (1) pp. Rare second printing, published simultaneously with the Editio Princeps of the complete bible (Darlow & Moule 6060), of the second translation of the the New Testament into the Sami language. In 1808 Dr. Paterson and Dr. Henderson, who were visiting Torneå as delegates of the B.F.B.S. (British and Foreign Bible Society), reported the preparation of the Lapp Bible [the Editio Princeps] to the London Committee. ON hearing of the activities of the B.F.B.S. Bishop Nordin suggested that the Society should publish a separate edition of the N.T. The London Committee made a grant of 250l. towards this object; and, under the care of the Evangelical Society of Stockholm, which supplied the paper an edition […] was printed with the same type as athe Bible of 1811, and issued concurrently with it. The edition was intended chiefly for gratuitous circulation, and copies were distributed among Lapps by the aid of the Swedish Government. (Darlow & Moule 6061] Darlow & Moule 6061.

Kjøbenhavn, Bianco Luno, 1839. 8vo. Nice comtemporary half calf with gilt lettering and ornamentation to spine. Minor wear to capitals and corners bumped. Light brownspotting to first and last leaves. A very fine and clean copy. (8), 470 pp. Rare first Danish edition of the monumental main work by one of the absolutely most influential classical economists, David Ricardo, the systematizer of economics. The Danish translation is translated from the third edition, which appeared in 1821.David Ricardo (1772-1823) was born in London as the son of a Dutch Jew. Initially Ricardo was primarily interested in science and mathematics, but after having read Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations" in 1799, he devoted himself entirely to political economy, and in 1817 he could publish his seminal work "The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation" (see PMM 277). Two years later, in 1819, Ricardo was elected to the Parliament, and became the House's acknowledged expert on economic affairs, -also as such he considerably influenced the opinion towards free trade.There are three classical economists, who must be said to have fundamentally changed political economy, and they are Adam Smith, Thomas Robert Malthus, and David Ricardo, -the three main founders of "modern economic analysis". On the basis of "The Wealth of Nations", classical political economy could be founded by Malthus and Ricardo, -in his "Principles". Ricardo was in doubt as to whether he should publish his later so exceedingly famous work, but was persuaded to do so by his friend James Mill, chief Apostle of the Utalitarians, and so he did in 1817, when the work presented the population of Great Britain with some very unexpected conclusions. Enlarging on the Physiocrats, Ricardo places the interest of the landlord and that of the community in the most violent opposition, -he states: "the interest of the landlord is necessarily opposed to the interest of every other class in the community." On the grounds of this theory, he gathered quite a number of opponents, who considered this the embodiment of injustice and strongly opposed of his theories. "Ricardo, in his paradox to arrest attention, outlined the case for class war. It is one of the issues which John Stuart Mill will be forced to confront, and upon which Marx built his theory and makes his observations." (Catlin, A History of the Political Philosophers, Ldn., 1950, p. 374). In opposition to Smith, Ricardo was not interested in the value as the principle for the equal exchange between differentiated individuals, but in it as the means of building up theories of the relation between wages, profits and rents and their distribution to landlords, capitalists and labourers, -thus developing the famous theory of "labour as measure". Against Malthus he opposes the interest of the agriculturalist as against that of the free-trading manufacturer, -one of his distinctive contributions to economics lies in expounding the monopoly theory of rent. "Ricardo was, in a sense, the first "scientific" economist. Lacking Smith's warmth and sympathy for humanity and for the labourer in particular, Ricardo saw the study of economics as a pure science whose abstractions were capable of quasi-mathematical proof. Although his theorems remain hypothetical, his deductive methods have proved a great use in the elementary analysis of economic problems, currency and banking, it has proved a lasting value." (Printing and the Mind of Man 277).The work is groundbreaking in numerous respects, one of them being that Ricardo here also sets out to establish paper-money, -he actualized this as well as the theory that the banks should convert its stock of gold into standardized gold bars, -this is the reason why the very first gold bars, as we know them, were called "Ricardos"; the first was issued in 1820.The work has been immensely influential throughout Europe, and has had a strong effect on Danish liberal thought and politics.

New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1890. Lex 8vo. Original blue full clothWith title in blue to front board and blue and gilt lettering to spine. Spine and parts of boards lightly brownspotted. A bit of wear to capitaks and corners. But overall a very nice copy of this fairly fragile and delicate cloth binding (there is an original variant binding with cloth spine and illustrated boards, but no precidency between the bindings has been established). Internally very nice and clean. XV, (1), 304 pp. Wih numerous illustrations, most of them photographic. First edition of this landmark work on the miserable living conditions of the poor immigrants in New York, constituting one of the very earliest - and certainly the most popular and influential - attempts at making "the other half", i.e. the middle and upper classes, aware of how the poor in New York actually lived. Riis's work created attention to the neglected and overseen community that was the underprivileged in New York. In the long run, the great success of the work created attention to the status, living conditions and general health of the poor, and it initiated social reform movements in all major North American cities. Furthermore, the work is regarded the very first example of "muckraking" journalism and was the first to extensively use halftone photographic reproductions in a book.Riis used a convincing combination of facts from Dr. Roger S. Tracy, Registrar of Vital Statistics, and his own talents as a photo journalist to make a hitherto unseen powerful description of the correlation between the high crime rate, drunkenness and reckless behavior of the poor and their lack of proper homes. The statistical facts made it a relevant and sober work and lent it enough authority to the book's claims for it to be taken serious by city official. His groundbreaking photographs confirmed the dry numbers and "spoke directly to people's hearts". (Pascal, "Jacob Riis: Reporter and Reformer", p. 87). Unlike all previously works on the living conditions of the poor, "How the Other Half Lives" offered concrete solutions on how to improve living condition, how to make the tenants improve their buildings, and finally how the politicians and city officials could make the appropriate and necessary juridical changes.The effect of the work was immediately seen and included: the tearing down of New York's worst tenements, sweatshops, and the reformation of the city's schools. The book led to a decade of improvements in Lower East Side conditions, with garbage collection, sewers, and indoor plumbing all following soon after. Because of the present work, Riis quickly rose to fame and in 1895 he became close friends with Theodore Roosevelt, then a New York City official, who wrote of Riis: "Jacob Riis, whom I am tempted to call the best American I ever knew, although he was already a young man when he came hither from Denmark". After Roosevelt became President, he wrote a tribute to Riis that started: "Recently a man, well qualified to pass judgment, alluded to Mr. Jacob A. Riis as "the most useful citizen of New York". Those fellow citizens of Mr. Riis who best know his work will be most apt to agree with this statement. The countless evils which lurk in the dark corners of our civic institutions, which stalk abroad in the slums, and have their permanent abode in the crowded tenement houses, have met in Mr. Riis the most formidable opponent ever encountered by them in New York City."The title refers to the French writer François Rabelais, who famously wrote in Pantagruel: "one half of the world does not know how the other half lives". As a work of journalism and of social criticism, Riis's book still stands as a truly seminal testimony to how the lower classes lived at the turn of the century. Due to this work, attention was eventually paid to them and their conditions bettered.

[No place], The Association for Symbolic Logic, 1936 & 1937. Royal8vo. Bound in red half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Journal of Symbolic Logic", Volume 1 & 2 bound together. Barcode label pasted on to back board. Small library stamp to lower part of 16 pages. A very fine copy. [Church:] Pp. 40-1; Pp. 101-2. [Post:] Pp. 103-5. [Turing:] Pp. 153-163; 164. [Entire volume: (4), 218, (2), IV, 188 pp.] First edition of this collection of seminal papers within mathematical logic, all constituting some of the most important contributions mathematical logic and computional mathematics. A NOTE ON THE ENTSCHEIDUNGSPROBLEM (+) CORRECTION TO A NOTE ON THE ENTSCHEIDUNGSPROBLEM (+) REVIEW OF "A. M. TURING. ON COMPUTABLE NUMBERS, WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE ENTSCHEIDUNGSPROBLEM":First publication of Church's seminal paper in which he proved the solution to David Hilbert's "Entscheidungsproblem" from 1928, namely that it is impossible to decide algorithmically whether statements within arithmetic are true or false. In showing that there is no general algorithm for determining whether or not a given statement is true or false, he not only solved Hilbert's "Entscheidungsproblem" but also laid the foundation for modern computer logic. This conclusion is now known as Church's Theorem or the Church-Turing Theorem (not to be mistaken with the Church-Turing Thesis). The present paper anticipates Turing's famous "On Computable Numbers" by a few months. "Church's paper, submitted on April 15, 1936, was the first to contain a demonstration that David Hilbert's 'Entscheidungsproblem' - i.e., the question as to whether there exists in mathematics a definite method of guaranteeing the truth or falsity of any mathematical statement - was unsolvable. Church did so by devising the 'lambda-calculus', [...] Church had earlier shown the existence of an unsolvable problem of elementary number theory, but his 1936 paper was the first to put his findings into the exact form of an answer to Hilbert's 'Entscheidungsproblem'. Church's paper bears on the question of what is computable, a problem addressed more directly by Alan Turing in his paper 'On computable numbers' published a few months later. The notion of an 'effective' or 'mechanical' computation in logic and mathematics became known as the Church-Turing thesis." (Hook & Norman: Origins of Cyberspace, 250) Church coined in his review of Turing's paper the phrase 'Turing machine'.FINITE COMBINATORY PROCESSES-FORMULATION I: The Polish-American mathematician Emil Post made notable contributions to the theory of recursive functions. In the 1930s, independently of Turing, Post came up with the concept of a logic automaton similar to a Turing machine, which he described in the present paper (received on October 7, 1936). Post's paper was intended to fill a conceptual gap in Alonzo Church's paper on 'An unsolvable problem of elementary number theory'. Church had answered in the negative Hilbert's 'Entscheidungsproblem' but failed to provide the assertion that any such definitive method could be expressed as a formula in Church's lambda-calculus. Post proposed that a definite method would be one written in the form of instructions to mind-less worker operating on an infinite line of 'boxes' (equivalent to the Turing machines 'tape'). The range of instructions proposed by Post corresponds exactly to those performed by a Turing machine, and Church, who edited the Journal of Symbolic Logic, felt it necessary to insert an editorial note referring to Turing's "shortly forthcoming" paper on computable numbers, and asserting that "the present article ... although bearing a later date, was written entirely independently of Turing's". (Hook & Norman: Origins of Cyberspace, 356).COMPUTABILITY AND LAMBDA-DEFINABILITY (+) THE Ø-FUNCTION IN LAMBDA-K-CONVERSION: The volume also contains Turing's influential "Computability and lambda-definability" in which he proved that computable functions "are identical with the lambda-definable functions of Church and the general recursive functions due to Herbrand and Gödel and developed by Kleene". (Hook & Norman: Origins of Cyberspace, 395).

Washington, The Smithsonian Institution, 1936. 8vo. In recent red full cloth with gilt lettering to front board. Published as part of "Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, Volume 95, Number 3, Publication 3381". A fine and clean copy. (2), 10 pp. + 11 photographic plates. First edition of Goddard's paper on liquid-fueled rocket development. Goddard is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket and is often referred to as the man who ushered in the Space Age (Pendray, Rocket Development). By temperament and training Goddard was not a team worker, yet he laid the foundation from which team workers could launch men to the moon" (DSB). Goddard was secretive about his research and only published two papers; "A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes" (1919) and the present. Goddard launched the first liquid-fuel rocket on 16 March 1926 near Auburn, Mass. The ten-foot rocket, nicknamed "Nell" reached an altitude of 41 feet, traveled a distance of 184 feet and landed 2.5 seconds after lift-off in a cabbage patch. "Although his list of firsts in rocketry was distuguished, Goddard was eventually surpassed by teams of rocket research and development experts elsewhere, particularly in Germany." (DSB)."Like the Russian hero Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and the German pioneer Hermann Oberth, Goddard worked out the theory of rocket propulsion independently [...] Having explored the mathematical practicality of rocketry since 1906 and the experimental workability of reaction engines in laboratory vacuum tests since 1912, Goddard began to accumulate ideas for probing beyond the Earth's stratosphere. His first two patents in 1914, for a liquid-fuel gun rocket and a multistage step rocket, let to some modest recognition and financial support from the Smithsonian Institution [...] With an eye toward patentability of demonstrated systems and with the aid of no more than a handful of technicians, Goddard achieved a series of workable liquid-fuel flights starting in 1926. Through the patronage of Charles A. Lindbergh, the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation, and the Carnegie and Smithsonian institutions, the Goddards and their small staff were able to move near Roswell, New Mexico. There, during most of the 1930s, Goddard demonstrated, despite many failures in his systematic static and flight tests, progressively more sophisticated experimental boosters and payloads, reaching speeds of 700 miles per hour and altitudes above 8000 feet in several test flights" (DSB).

Kiöbenhavn, H.J. Graae, 1771. Marmoreret papbd. fra 1800-tallet med senere håndskevet papirtitelfelt på forperm og ryg. Nydeligt eksemplar på skrivepapir, med kun enkelte letter brunplettede blade. Tidligere ejernavn på forsatsen. Den uhyre sjældne originaludgave af denne digtsamling, der anses for noget af det ypperligste skandinaviske lyrik på Holbergs tid. Den lyriske gigant, Ambrosius Stub (1725-1758), som frembyder særsynet af "(e)n anakreontisk Lyriker midt i Paryktiden, en vagabonderende Digterskikkelse i Embedsfilisteriets Dage -" (P. Hansen. Illustr. dansk Litteraturhist, II: 189) fik kun trykt ét eneste digt i sin levetid. Man ved ikke meget om denne forunderlige forfatter til digte som "Den kiedsom Vinter gik sin Gang" (trykt hér første gang), og det er kun en del af hans digtning, der er bevaret for eftertiden. "Stubs Sange vare i Alles Munde og vandrede fra Haand til Haand i Afskrifter; nogen fuldstændig Samling af dem besad han vel neppe engang selv, ialtfald har han i sin Beskedenhed aldrig tænkt paa nogen trykt Udgave af dem." (Illustr. dansk Litteraturhist, II: 193). Først i århundredet efter Stubs død blev interessen for ham for alvor genvakt, og allerede dengang var originaludgaven af største sjældenhed.Stubs poesi rager højt op over sin samtids lyriske digtning, og hans digte udviser en individualitet og naturlighed, der er et forunderligt særsyn i denne periode.

Prentet udi Aarhus, i Autoris Tryckeri 1650. Velholdt eksemplar indbundet i samtidigt helpergament med kalligraferet titel på ryggen. Samtlige sider indrammet af bred røskenbort. Med dedikation fra bogens tidligere ejer fra 1650 og fremefter. 322 pp. Hans Hansen Skonning (1579–1651) var forfatter, bogtrykker og klokker ved Domkirken i Aarhus. Efter at være blevet afsat som klokker af biskop Morten Madsen i 1641 hævnede han sig med denne satire, der retter sig mod forholdene i Aarhus. Skonning oprettede sit eget bogtrykkeri i byen omkring 1630 og fik i 1635 bevilling til at drive en papirmølle. Foruden sit virke som trykker var han en flittig forfatter. Hans mest omtalte værk i samtiden var 'Kattens Rettergang med Hundene', en dyreallegori i stil med Reineke Fuchs. Værket er en bredt satirisk fremstilling i knittelvers, hvor Skonning indædt hævder, at sandhed og retfærdighed er hjemløse i en verden, hvor lasten triumferer. Thesaurus 644. Bibl. Danica IV, 246. Houghton no. 15: "A contemporary of Arrebo, Skonning is today an obscure figure. In his lifetime, however, he was well known as a poet and a printer. This first edition, an allegorical verse epic with prose commentary, is a relatively rare seventeenth-century Aarhus imprint, published at the author's own printing house. Each page of text is printed within a border of type ornaments."

A Liege, 1716 (Petitpied) & 1714 (Maigrot). 8vo. In a very nice Cambridge-style mirror binding with five raised bands and richly gilt spine. Small paper-label pasted on to top of spine. Back board with scracth with loss of leather. Edge of back board with small tear showing the wooden board. Front free end-paper with a few annotation, otherwise a nice and clean copy. XXI, (1), 539 pp. + folded plate; (8), 184 pp. Highly interesting sammelband consisting of two works, both relating to Jesuit affairs and rarely found in the trade: 1 - The second edition of Jouvency’s ‘Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus’, which was condemned immediately after its publication in 1710 (here all the condemned parts are included) because of its critique of seqular rulers. 2 - First edition of Maigrot’s critique of Jouvency’s view on Chinese religion namely that of the The Chinese rites controversy (c.1582–1742), which wasc a religious quarrel between different Catholic orders over whether it was permissible for Chinese converts to observe traditional rites and use the Chinese terms tian and shangdi to refer to the Christian God. “Rites Controversy debate was most intense in Fujian province where an active group of Christian literati debated with a combative Catholic bishop named Charles Maigrot de Crissey (1652–1730).European missionaries divided largely on the lines of religious orders and nationalities.The Jesuits largely supported the Chinese while the Iberian mendicants (Dominicans and Franciscans) and secular priests were less accommodating. Bishop Maigrot was born and educated in Paris and joined the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris whose missionaries competed with the Jesuits in East Asia.Although Maigrot was resistant to any change in European Christianity,he realized the practical need to study the Chinese language and culture with the assistance of two low-level Chinese literati.Although his linguistic facility remained quite limited,it gave him a false confidence in his knowledge that would eventually cause him great embarrassment. In his interpretation of the Chinese rites,Maigrot relied on the writings of a treatise written by the Dominican missionary Francisco Varo in 1672.Varo took a hard line in prohibiting Chinese Christians from performing ceremonies in honor of their ancestors and Confucius.The Christian literatus Yan Mo (baptized Paul) responded with an essay “Distinguishing Different Forms of Sacrifice” (Bianji) that defended the practice of Christians honoring their ancestors and Confucius.Yan argued that the word for sacrifice (ji) was ambiguous and that it meant different things when it was applied to sacrifices for ancestors, the ancient sages,primary teachers,and the Christian God.He emphasized that one needed to carefully distinguish the internal meaning from the outward ritual because the meaning of “sacrifice”varied with each case.” (Mungello, The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500-1800)

(Cape Town, 1967). 4to. The entire issue, in the original green/white and illustrated wrappers, bound in very nice full burgundy cloth with gilt lettering to front board. A bit of brownspotting to a couple of leaves, due to the paper quality, but overall an excellent, clean and bright copy of this richly illustreted issue, which is devoted entirely to the groundbreaking medical performance that was Barnard's human heart transplant. LX pp. + pp. 1257-1278 (the pagination includes the wrappers). First printing in this scarce issue, in which Barnard's milestone paper of modern medicine appeared, describing for the first time one of the most important medical performances in the course of history - "the most publicised event in world medical history", namely the first human heart transplant. This medical breakthrough introduced to the world a way to prolong life that would become of seminal importance to modern man.The entire issue of the "South African Medical Journal" is devoted to Barnard's astonishing performance (done only three weeks prior to the publication) and is very interesting in itself, constituting a magnificent historical document. Apart from the first appearance of Barnard's paper, it also contains tributes to Barnard and his team by other leading physicians, ethical discussions about tranplantations, a description of the honourary degree bestowed upon Barnard due to the operation, discussions about donors for heart transplantations, papers on legal requirements, pre-operative assessment, tissue typing tests anestesia, and, of course, the great operation itself. To that also comes the highly interesting "Provisional Report on the Autopsy of L.W. (the patient, Louis Washkansky) as well as numerous advertisements and several heartfelt congratulations to Barnard (and his team) upon the operation (e.g. a half-page "add" saying "UPJOHN and their S. African Subsidiary/ TUCO (PTY LTD./ heartily congratulate/ all concerned/ in the historic/ HEART TRANSPLANTATION/ carried out at Groote Schuur Hospital" and many others like it), reflecting the astonishing effect that this historic event immidiately had upon contemporary society. "Christiaan (Chris) Barnard was born in 1922 and qualified in medicine at the University of Cape Town in 1946. Following surgical training in South Africa and the USA, Barnard established a successful open-heart surgery programme at Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town in 1958. In 1967, he led the team that performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant. The article describing this remarkable achievement was published in the South African Medical Journal just three weeks after the event and is one of the most cited articles in the cardiovascular field. In the lay media as well, this first transplant remains the most publicised event in world medical history. Although the first heart transplant patient survived only 18 days, four of Groote Schuur Hospital's first 10 patients survived for more than one year, two living for 13 and 23 years, respectively. This relative success amid many failures worldwide did much to generate guarded optimism that heart transplantation would eventually become a viable therapeutic option. This first heart transplant and subsequent ongoing research in cardiac transplantation at the University of Cape Town and in a few other dedicated centres over the subsequent 15 years laid the foundation for heart transplantation to become a well-established form of therapy for end-stage cardiac disease. During this period from 1968 to 1983, Chris Barnard and his team continued to make major contributions to organ transplantation, notably the development of the heterotopic ( 'piggy-back') heart transplants; advancing the concept of brain death, organ donation and other related ethical issues; better preservation and protection of the donor heart (including hypothermic perfusion storage of the heart; studies on the haemodynamic and metabolic effects of brain death; and even early attempts at xenotransplantation." (Cardiovasc J Afr. 2009 Jan-Feb; 20(1):31-5.)Garrison&Morton: 3047.12 ("First cardiac homotransplant in man.").